Chapter LXXXIX: Part III: Three Apostles (6)

1156 ‒ Whether he had also robbed his master or not appears
somewhat uncertain, and depends on the meaning of the word
ἠδίκησε in Philem. 18.

1157 ‒ It is evident from Philem. 19 that he had been converted
by the Apostle himself, possibly (i) during his journey
through Phrygia (Acts xvi. 6); possibly (ii) during his
long stay at Ephesus (Acts xix. 10), when it is recorded
that _all they who dwelt in Asia heard the word of the
Lord Jesus_.

1158 ‒ Paley in his _Horæ Paulinæ_ notices that St Paul bids
Philemon prepare a lodging for him in expectation of his
speedy deliverance, which agrees with Phil. ii. 24. The
letter itself is often referred to as a model of delicacy
and tact.

1159 ‒ Or _Colassæ_ according to the reading of the best MSS.,
a city on the Lycus close to Hierapolis and Laodicea.
Ethnologically it belonged to Phrygia, but politically was
included in the province of Asia.

1160 ‒ See Alford’s _Prolegom._ to the Greek Test., III. 35.

1161 ‒ The doubt about the persons for whom this Epistle was
intended arises (i) from the omission of the words ἐν
Ἐφέσῳ from the opening verse in the Sinai and Vatican MSS.;
(ii) from the fact that, though St Paul spent nearly three
years at Ephesus, it does not contain a single personal
greeting; (iii) from the apparent intimation in Eph. i. 15
that he knew only by report of the conversion of those
he was addressing, and in iii. 2 that they knew only of
his Apostleship by hearsay. Hence some (see C. and H.,
II. 417–420) consider it was addressed to the Church of
Laodicea. On the other hand, the testimony of all the
versions and “the universal designation of this Epistle
by the ancient Church (except in the case of Marcion) as
that to the Ephesians, warrants the retention of the words,
and the explanation of the peculiarities in Eph. i. 15
and iii. 2, above alluded to, may probably be explained
on the supposition mentioned in the text that it was
also intended for other Churches dependent on Ephesus in
proconsular Asia.” See Alford’s _Prolegom. in Ep._, and
Ellicott’s _Commentary on the Ephesians_.

1162 ‒ The various pieces of the Christian armour here alluded to
receive vivid illustration from the circumstances of the
Apostle at this time, and the fact that he was chained to
a Roman soldier.

1163 ‒ By some this has been identified with the palace of Cæsar
on the Palatine Hill (comp. Phil. i. 13 with iv. 22). But
though the word _Prætorium_ is applied in the N. T. to the
residence of Pilate at Jerusalem (see above, p. 298), and
of Herod at Cæsarea (see above, p. 493 n.), it is never
applied to the Imperial Palace at Rome. It rather seems
to denote the quarters of the Imperial guards, who were
in immediate attendance on the Emperor, who was _prætor_
or commander-in-chief of the troops, and whose immediate
body-guard would naturally be in a _prætorium_ near at
hand. See C. and H., II. pp. 438, 439.

1164 ‒ See Tac. _Ann._ XIV. 51. At his death the influence of
Seneca was broken, and under the guidance of Tigellinus,
Nero’s public life rivalled the infamy of his private
character. On Fenius Rufus, see Tac. _Ann._ XV. 66, 68;
Merivale’s _Romans under the Empire_, VI. p. 333.

1165 ‒ See Josephus, _Ant._ XX. 8. 11; Tac. _Ann._ XV. 23.

1166 ‒ See C. and H., II. 457–459; Merivale’s _Romans under the
Empire_, Vol. VI. pp. 343, 344.

1167 ‒ See the quotations from Clement of Rome, Muratori’s Canon,
Eusebius, _H. E._ II. 22, Chrysostom, and Jerome, in
C. and H., II. 462, 463; Alford’s Gk. Test. III. _Prolegom._
pp. 92, 93.

1168 ‒ Philem. 22; Phil. ii. 24. It was probably about this time,
if he was its author, that St Paul wrote the _Epistle
to the Hebrews_. For a synopsis of the various opinions
respecting its authorship see Alford’s _Prolegom._ Vol. IV.
Pt. 1, Westcott’s _Bible in the Church_.

1169 ‒ See Alford’s _Prolegomena_ to the Pastoral Epp. Vol. III.
p. 93.

1170 ‒ See C. and H., II. 471. Clement of Rome (_1 Ep. ad Cor._
c. v.), declares that he went ἐπὶ τὸ τέρμα τῆς δύσεως,
which some would extend not only to Spain but even to
Britain. Dean Alford expresses an opinion that if not
spent in Spain, the interval between A.D. 64 and 66 “may
have been spent in Greece and Asia and the interjacent
islands:” _Prolegom._ p. 94.

1171 ‒ C. and H., II. 487; and see the Articles _Crete_ and
_Titus_ in Smith’s _Bibl. Dict._ Jews are mentioned as
dispersed in Crete in 1 Macc. xv. 23 (see above p. 54),
and in Acts ii. 11 (see above, p. 345, and n.). See also
Alford’s Gk. Test., Vol. III. _Prolegom._ p. 108. On the
quotation respecting the Cretans, see above, p. 382, n.

1172 ‒ Most probably the Nicopolis in Macedonia, on a peninsula
west of the bay of Actium, erected by Augustus in memory
of the battle of Actium, and on the ground which his army
occupied before the engagement.

1173 ‒ See above, p. 472.

1174 ‒ It was conveniently situated for apostolic journeys in
the Eastern parts of Achaia and Macedonia, and also to the
north where churches perhaps were founded. On St Paul’s
previous preaching on the confines of Illyricum, see
p. 474, and n.; and Birks’ _Horæ Apostolicæ_, pp. 296–304.

1175 ‒ C. and H., II. p. 494.

1176 ‒ Tac. _Ann._ XV. 44. See Merivale, VI. 351.

1177 ‒ C. and H., II. 499.

1178 ‒ C. and H., II. 514; Smith’s _Bibl. Dict._, Art. _Timothy_.

1179 ‒ See Lightfoot on _St Paul and the Three_ in his
_Commentary on the Galatians_, p. 276.

1180 ‒ See above, pp. 425, 426.

1181 ‒ It could not have been written by James, the son of
Zebedee, for he was beheaded A.D. 44 by Herod Agrippa, and
the notes of time in the Epistle itself point to a later
date.

1182 ‒ See above, p. 431.

1183 ‒ See above, p. 7.

1184 ‒ See Alford’s _Prolegomena_, Greek Test. Vol. IV. Part I.

1185 ‒ See above, p. 431.

1186 ‒ See above, p. 425.

1187 ‒ See above, p. 187.

Transcriber’s Notes.

The following corrections have been made in the text:

Page 21:
Sentence starting: But even his own partisans....
– ‘partizans’ replaced with ‘partisans’
(But even his own partisans)

Page 47:
Sentence starting: Great as was the risk....
– ‘Sanhedrim’ replaced with ‘Sanhedrin’
(elders of the Sanhedrin)

Page 101:
Sentence starting: Salome announced these signs....
– ‘dissaffection’ replaced with ‘disaffection’
(these signs of disaffection)

Page 153:
Sentence starting: THE PREACHING OF JOHN....
– ‘A.C.’ replaced with ‘A.D.’
(A.U.C. 780, A.D. 27.)

Page 175:
Sentence starting: Accordingly the Saviour....
– ‘chazan’ replaced with ‘chazzan’
(returned it to the _chazzan_ or minister)

Page 187:
Sentence starting: John, his brother, afterwards known....
– ‘disciples’ replaced with ‘disciple’
(“disciple whom Jesus loved”)
Sentence starting: Simon the _Canaanite_....
– ‘Cananite’ replaced with ‘Canaanite’
(Simon the _Canaanite_)

Page 264:
Sentence starting: Being a hungred, probably....
– ‘of’ replaced with ‘off’
(and perceiving _afar off_)
– ‘Mtt’ replaced with ‘Mk.’
(Mk. xi. 13)

Page 369:
Sentence starting: In Midian He revealed Himself....
– ‘dependance’ replaced with ‘dependence’
(the whole stress of their dependence)

Page 422:
Sentence starting: Thence they proceeded to....
– ‘Attalia’ replaced with ‘Attaleia’
(to the sea-port of Attaleia)

Page 508:
Sentence starting: Another proof of the....
– ‘ascendency’ replaced with ‘ascendancy’
(proof of the ascendancy)

Index Chiun:
– ‘Chian’ replaced with ‘Chiun’
(Chiun, the idol of the Israelites,)

Index Jericho:
– ‘Zaccheus’ replaced with ‘Zacchæus’
(Christ entertained there by Zacchæus)

Index Jesus:
– ‘Jerulem’ replaced with ‘Jerusalem’
(His triumphal entry into Jerusalem)

Index Joazar:
– ‘Joazer’ replaced with ‘Joazar’
(Joazar, High-priest)

Index Malichus:
– ‘Malachus’ replaced with ‘Malichus’
(Malichus, adherent of Hyrcanus)

Index Peter:
– ‘Passver’ replaced with ‘Passover’
(sent to prepare the Passover)

Index Temple:
– ‘merchandize’ replaced with ‘merchandise’
(its profanation by merchandise)

Footnote 225:
– ‘Aristobolus’ replaced with ‘Aristobulus’
(Aristobulus re-conquered their colony)

Footnote 454:
– The Author’s word ‘στοιβάδες’ has been retained although
other authorities use other forms of the word.

Footnote 468:
– ‘Marc.’ replaced with ‘Mark’
(Lightfoot on Mark xii. 28.)

Footnote 527:
– ‘xxxvii’ replaced with ‘xxvii’
(See Lange on Mtt. xxvii. 5,)

Footnote 917:
– ‘λοοῦ’ replaced with ‘λαοῦ’
(τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ δικαιοσύνη)

Footnote 1019:
– ‘Aquilla’ replaced with ‘Aquila’
(have been done by Aquila)

Footnote 1118:
– ‘xv’ replaced with ‘xxv’
(Acts xxv. 26.)

Footnote 1138:
– ‘xxxvii’ replaced with ‘xxvii’
(Acts xxvii. 40)