Chapter XIII: Section III (4)

[43] Id. VI. iv. li.

[44] Gomar. IV. viii, and xii. Castagn. VI. xli.

[45] Gomar. VI. xii.

[46] Castagn. VI. xlii.

[47] Gomar. II. lxi. The text, in Hakluyt's translation, has the absurd
number of 76,000 Castilians lost in this war; 76 is a more probable
number, and is considerable out of his small force: yet, the text may
mean 76,000 _Castellans_ of gold, as the sum expended on the
expedition; and which Hakluyt, or his printer, changed to that number
of _Castilians_.--E.

[48] Gomar. Conqu. de Mex. f. 226.

[49] Id. 242. This bay reaches no farther to the S. than 148 10' N.--E.

[50] Id. f. 229. 230.

[51] Id. f. 233.

[52] Gomar. Conqu. f. 234. and Hist. Gen. III. xxi.

[53] Id: Hist. Gen. II. vii.

[54] In this latitude, on the shore of Costa Rica, there is a town now
called Porto Cartago; but whether that indicated in the text it is
difficult to say, as Galvano is not always perfectly accurate in his
latitudes.--E.

[55] Gomar. Hist. Gen. II. lxv. and Conqu. f. 243.

[56] Gomar. Hist. Gen. II. lxvi, and Conqu. f. 256-261.

[57] The Spanish leagues are 17-1/2 to the degree of latitude, hence this
march exceeded 2000 English miles.--E. Gomar. Hist. Gen. II. lxvi. Id.
Conqu. 246-273.

[58] Gomar. Hist. Gen. V. i. and ii.

[59] The ambiguity of the language is here utterly inexplicable.--E.

[60] Meaning probably the lake of Titicaca in Peru. It is hardly necessary
to say that this slight survey of the Plata must be erroneous,
especially in its reports. The Rio San Francisco, alludes to one of
the sources of the Great Maranon, or river of the Amazons.--E.

[61] Ramusio, III. 310. Ramusio gives a long and minute account of this
unfortunate expedition, entitled, Relation made by Alvaro Nunez, of
what befel the armament sent to the _Indies_ (America) under Pamphilo
Narvaez in the year 1527, to the end of 1536; when he returned to
Seville with _three_ only of his companions.--Clarke.

[62] The inhabitants of this island were most probably _tatooted_, of
which custom a particular description will be given hereafter, in the
particular voyages of discovery in the South Sea.--E.

[63] The longitudes being altogether neglected in these relations by
Galyano, it is impossible to form any conjecture as to the islands
indicated in text. They may possibly have belonged to the Carolines of
modern maps, which extend between long. 135° and 180° E. and about the
latitudes of the text.--E.

[64] The account which Galvano gives of this voyage is very vague and
inconclusive. We shall find afterwards that the Spaniards found out
the means of counteracting the perpetual eastern trade winds of the
Pacific within the tropics, by shaping a more northerly course from
the Philippine islands, where they established the staple of their
Indian commerce, between Acapulco and Manilla.--E.

[65] Galvano certainly mistakes here in assigning Tecoantepec, which is at
least 340 miles from the nearest part of the bay of Honduras. If a
navigation were practicable from Tecoantepec, it would more probably
be towards Tabasco, at the bottom of the bay of Campechy. Perhaps he
ought to have said from Guatimala to the gulf of Dolse, at the bottom
of the bay of Honduras. This splendid navigation between the Atlantic
and Pacific, within the tropics, like that between the Mediterranean
and Red Sea, still remains an unsolved problem. It will be resumed
hereafter, among the voyages and travels to Spanish America.--E.

[66] These seem all to have been brothers to Pizarro, and named from the
town of Alcantara in Spain.--E.

[67] The mouth of the Maranon is exactly under the line.--E.

[68] The latitude of Cusco is only 13° 30' S.--E.

[69] Gomar. Hist. Gen. V. vi. vii. viii. ix

[70] Gomar. Hist. Gen. V. xvi. xviii. xix.

[71] So named from the two brothers, Caspar and Michael Cortereal, who are
said to have been lost on this coast of North America in 1500, as
formerly mentioned by Galvano.--E.

[72] Xalis, or Xalisco, the residence of Gusman is in lat. 21°45'N. The
mouth of the river St Francis, on the north-eastern shore of the gulf
of California, is in lat. 26° 40' N. so that the discovery on the
present occasion seems to have comprised about 350 miles to the north
of Xalis.--E.

[73] Gomar. Hist. Gen. II. Lxxiv. xcviii.

[74] Xauxa or Jauja, stands on the high table land of Peru; Lima, or de
los Reys, near the coast of the South Sea, in the maritime valley, or
low country, and on the river Rimac, called Lima in the text.--E.

[75] Gomar. Hist. Gen. IV. xxiii. and V. xxii.

[76] Gomar. H. G. V. xxiv. and xxv. Almagro appears, both on his march to
Chili and back to Cusco, to have gone by the high mountainous track
of the Andes, and the carcases of his dead horses must have been
preserved from corruption amid the ever during ice and snow of that
elevated region.--E.

[77] The text seems ambiguous, and it appears difficult to say whether
Galvano means, that Cosesofar, or Coje Sofar, was captain under
D'Acunha, or general of the Guzerat army, belonging to Badu.--E.

[78] This probably refers to the _Bore_, or great and sudden influx of
the sea, after a great recession.--E.

[79] Gomar. H. G. IV. xiii.

[80] Probably a mistake for La Paz, the principal town of the north-
western district, or mining province, belonging to the Viceroyalty of
La Plata.--E.

[81] The only island mentioned in this voyage, which can be traced by the
names in our modern maps, is the Piscadores, about lat. 11° N. long.
167° E.--E.

[82] This strange expression is quite inexplicable, and must have been
misunderstood by Hakluyt.--E.

[83] Probably Morty, of our present maps.--E.

[84] Chron. del Peru, c. ix, xx.

[85] Ramus. III. 356.

[86] This obviously refers to an inaccurate description of the Babyroussa.
--E.

[87] Gomar. H. G. II. lxiv. Ramus. III. 329.

[88] Gomar. H. G. VI. xvii.

[89] In this paragraph we have very vague indications of humming birds,
rattlesnakes, and of the animal now called Pecari.--E.

[90] Gomar. H. G. V. xxxv. and Chron. del Peru, c. 103.

[91] The word Brazil in the text obviously includes the whole flat country
to the east of the Andes, Guiana, Brazil, Paraguay, Buenos Ayres, and
Patagonia.--E.

[92] This idea, ever since the time of Lord Monboddo, has been renewed,
and occupies the attention of the explorers of Africa; links may exist,
in creation, with which we are yet unacquainted.--Clarke.

The fancy of tailed men has probably arisen from inattentive observers,
seeing people clothed in the skins of beasts, with the tails hanging
down. The natives of New South Wales wear tails in imitation of the
Kangaroo: Yet, having been closely observed, are not described as
tailed men--E.

[93] This word ought to have been _Pacos_. Of these animals, with the
Llamas and Vicugnas, different species of the camel genus, a more
extended account will occur, when we come to the particular travels in
Peru.--E.

[94] It will be seen afterwards, in the account of the West India Islands,
and the Continent of Guiana, that there are many warlike tribes of
Caribs, or Caraibs, constantly engaged in predatory warfare; whose
women, when their husbands are absent in search of prisoners for
_food_, take arms for the protection of themselves and children;
whence they have been reported as nations of female warriors, or
Amazons.--E.

[95] Gomar. H.G.V. xxxvi.

[96] The true latitudes of the places mentioned in the text are, Suakim,
19º 30', Massoua, 15º 20', Cossier, 26° 16', Judda, 21º 20', Suez, 30°.
--E.

[97] The latitude of 30° N. would lead to the idea of Sonora being the
district, or province, indicated in the text by Sibola; Cinaloa is
only in 26° N. yet, from the context, appears to be the country
intended by Galvano--E.

[98] The idea that a dog, even able to bear a load of fifty pounds, should
carry a woman, is truly absurd. If there be any truth in the story,
the dogs must have performed the services in the text by drawing
sledges; yet nothing of the kind has hitherto been found in North
America, though common in North-east Asia.--E.

[99] Gomar. H.G. VI. xviii. and xix.

[100] In other writers Liampa and Siampa, or Tsiompa, are synonimous; but
that place is in lat. 12° N. The latitude of the text would lead us to
the eastern coast of China, between Ningpo and Nankin.--E.

[101] Gomez, H. G. VI. xviii. This story, which Galvano has reported from
Genoa, seems altogether unworthy of credit.--E.

[102] The Matelots are laid down in our modern maps, in lat. 9° N. Long
137° E. not far E.N.E. of the Pelew, or Pillelew islands.--E.

[103] This great inland of Mindanao, to the south of the Philippines,
reaches from 9° 30' N. to 5° 30', and from long. 122° to 126° 20' E.
being about 300 miles long, by 270 miles broad.--E.

[104] The Philippines, exclusive of Mindanao and Palawa, extend from Lat.
9° to 18º 40' both N. and are in E. long. 122º but their present
geographical names, Luzon, Samar, Leyte, Zebu, Negros, Pany, Mindora,
and several other smaller isles, have no resemblance whatever with
those of the text.--E.

[105] Gomar. H.G. IV. xiv.

[106] Probably Morty, the most north-easterly of the Moluccas.--E.