Chapter IV: Introduction (2)

=Chimney-sweepers=. _Luzula campestris_, Willd., Field Wood-rush.--N.W.

=Chimp=. (1) _n._ The grown-out shoot of a stored potato (S.); also Chib.--S.W. (2) _v._ To strip off the 'chimps' before planting.--S.W.

=Chink=. _Fringilla coelebs_, the Chaffinch; from its note.--S.W.

=Chinstey=. _n._ The string of a baby's cap.--N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.) A horse's chin-strap.--S.W. Compare:--

'Oh! Mo-ather! Her hath chuck'd me wi' tha chingstey [caught
me by the back-hair and choked me with the cap-string].'--_The
Exmoor Scolding_, p. 17.

=Chip=. The fore-shoot of a plough.--S.W.

=Chipples=. Young onions grown from seed. Cf. ~Gibbles~ and ~Cribbles~.--S.W.

=Chisley=. _adj._ Without coherence, as the yolk of an over-boiled egg, or a very dry cheese. When land gets wet and then dries too fast, it becomes chisley. Compare:--'_Chizzly_, hard, harsh and dry: _East_,' in Hal.--S.W.

=Chism=. To germinate, to bud (A.B.C.). 'The wheat doesn't make much show yet, John.' 'No, zur, but if you looks 'tes aal chisming out ter'ble vast.'--N. & S.W.

=Chit=. (1) _n._ The third swarm of bees from a hive.--N.W. (2) _v._ To bud or spring (A.B.C.). 'The whate be chitting a'ter thease rains.'--N.W.

=Chitchat=. _Pyrus Aucuparia_, Gærtn., Mountain Ash.--S.W.

=Chitterlings=. Pigs' entrails when cleaned and boiled (A.B.); ~Chiddlens~ (H.S.Wr.).--N. & S.W.

=Chivy=. _Fringilla coelebs_, the Chaffinch.--S.W. (Som. bord.).

=Choor=. (1) _v._ To go out as a charwoman (A.); ~Cheure, Chewree-ring~ (H.Wr.); ~Char~ (A.S.). Still in use.--N.W. (2) _n._ A turn, as in phrase 'One good choor deserves another' (A.). Still in use.--N.W.

=Chop=. To exchange (A.B.S.). 'Wool ye chop wi' I, this thing for thuck?' (B.).--N. & S.W.

*=Chore=. A narrow passage between houses (_MS. Lansd._ 1033, f. 2); see N.E.D. (~s.v. Chare~).

=Christian Names=. The manner in which a few of these are pronounced may here be noted:--_Allburt_, Albert; _Allfurd_, Alfred; _Charl_ or _Chas_, Charles; _Etherd_, Edward; _Rich't_ or _Richet_, Richard; _Robbut_, Robert; &c.

=Chuffey=. Chubby. 'What chuffey cheeks he've a got, to be showr!'--S.W.

=Chump=. A block of wood (A.B.); chiefly applied to the short lengths into which crooked branches and logs are sawn for firewood (_Under the Acorns_).--N. & S.W.

=Ciderkin=, ='Kin=. The washings after the best cider is made.--N. & S.W.

=Clacker=. The tongue (S.).--S.W.

=Clackers=. A pair of pattens (S.).--S.W.

=Clangy=, =Clengy=, or =Clungy=. Of bad bread, or heavy ground, clingy, sticky.--N.W.

=Claps=. _n._ and _v._ clasp (A.).--N. & S.W.

=Clat=. See ~Clot~.

=Clattersome=, =Cluttersome=. Of weather, gusty.--S.W. (Hants bord.)

=Claut=. _Caltha palustris_, L., Marsh Marigold (A.H.Wr.).--N.W. (Clyffe Pypard, &c.)

=Clavy=, =Clavy-tack=. A mantelpiece (A.B.C.).--N.W., now almost obsolete. Strictly speaking, _clavy_ is merely the beam which stretches across an old-fashioned fireplace, supporting the wall. Where there is a mantelpiece, or _clavy-tack_, it comes just above the _clavy_.

=Clean=. 'A clean rabbit,' one that has been caught in the nets, and is uninjured by shot or ferret, as opposed to a 'broken,' or damaged one. (_Amateur Poacher_, ch. xi. p. 212).--N. & S.W.

=Cleat=, =Cleet=. (1) The little wedge which secures the head of an axe or hammer.--N.W. *(2) _n._ A patch (A.B.C.).--N.W. *(3) _v._ To mend with a patch (A.B.C.)--N.W. *(4) Occasionally, to strengthen by bracing (C.).--N.W.

=Cleaty=. Sticky, clammy; applied to imperfectly fermented bread, or earth that will not work well in ploughing.--N.W.

=Cleet=. See ~Cleat~.

=Clengy=. See ~Clangy~.

=Clim=. To climb (A.S.). A cat over-fond of investigating the contents of the larder shelves is a 'clim-tack,' or climb-shelf.--N. & S.W.

=Clinches=. The muscles of the leg, just under the knee-joint.--N. & S.W.

=Clinkerbell=. An icicle.--S.W. (Som. bord.) occasionally.

=Clitch=. The groin.--N.W.

=Clite=, =Clit=. (1) _n._ 'All in a clite,' tangled, as a child's hair. A badly groomed horse is said to be 'aal a clit.'--N. & S.W. (2) _v._ To tangle. 'How your hair do get clited!'--N. & S.W.

=Clites=, =Clytes=. _Galium Aparine_, L., Goosegrass (A.). Usually pl., but Jefferies has sing., ~Clite~, in _Wild Life_, ch. ix.--N. & S.W.

=Clitty=. Tangled, matted together.--S.W.

=Clock=. A dandelion seed-head, because children play at telling the time of day by the number of puffs it takes to blow away all its down.--N. & S.W.

=Cloddy=. Thick, plump, stout (H.Wr.).--S.W.

=Clog-weed=. _Heracleum Sphondylium_, L., Cow-parsnip (_Amateur Poacher_, ch. vi).--N.W.

=Clot=. A hard lump of dry cow-dung, left on the surface of a pasture. See ~Cow-clat~.--N.W.

'On pasture farms they beat clots or pick up stones.'--R.
JEFFERIES, Letter to _Times_, Nov. 1872.

'1661. Itm p^d Richard Sheppard & Old Taverner for beating
clatts in Inglands, 00. 04. 08.'--_Records of Chippenham_, p.
226.

*=Clote=. _n._ _Verbascum Thapsus_, L., Great Mullein (_Aubrey's Wilts MS._).--Obsolete.

=Clothes-brush=. _Dipsacus sylvestris_, L., Wild Teasel. Cf. ~Brushes~.--S.W.

=Clottiness=. See ~Cleaty~. Clottishness (_Agric. Survey_).

'The peculiar churlishness (provincially, "clottiness") of a
great part of the lands of this district, arising perhaps from
the cold nature of the sub-soil.'--_Agric. of Wilts_, ch. vii.
p. 51.

=Clout=. (1) _n._ A box on the ear, a blow (A.B.C.S.). See ~Clue~. 'I'll gie thee a clout o' th' yead.'--N. & S.W. (2) _v._ To strike.--N. & S.W.

=Clue=. 'A clue in the head,' a knock on the head (_Village Miners_). A box on the ear. Cf. _clow_, Winchester College. See ~Clout~.--N.W.

=Clum=. To handle clumsily (A.B.), roughly, boisterously, or indecently (C.).--N.W.

=Clumbersome=. Awkward, clumsy.--N.W.

=Clumper=, =Clumber=. A heavy clod of earth.--N.W. (Marlborough.)

=Clums=. _pl._ Hands. 'I'll keep out o' thee clums, I'll warnd I will!'--N.W. ~Clumps~ is used in S. Wilts in a similar way, but generally of the feet (S.), and always implies great awkwardness, as 'What be a treadin' on my gownd vor wi' they girt ugly clumps o' yourn?'

=Clungy=. See ~Clangy~.

*=Cluster-of-five=. The fist. ~Cluster-a-vive~ (S.).--S.W.

=Clutter=. _n._ Disorder, mess, confusion. 'The house be ael in a clutter to-day wi' they childern's lease-carn.'--N. & S.W.

=Cluttered=. (1) 'Caddled,' over-burdened with work and worry.--N. & S.W.

'"_Cluttered up_" means in a litter, surrounded with too many
things to do at once.'--JEFFERIES, _Field and Hedgerow_, p. 189.

*(2) Brow-beaten. Said to have been used at Warminster formerly.

=Cluttersome=. See ~Clattersome~.

=Cluttery=. Showery and gusty.--S.W.

*=Clyders=. _Galium Aparine_, L., Goosegrass.--S.W.

*=Clyten=. *(1) _n._ An unhealthy appearance, particularly in children (A.B.C.).--N.W., obsolete. *(2) _n._ An unhealthy child (C.).--N.W., obsolete.

*=Clytenish=. _adj._ Unhealthy-looking, pale, sickly (A.B.C.H.Wr.).--N.W., obsolete.

=Clytes=. See ~Clites~.

*=Coath=. Sheep-rot (D.S.).--N. & S.W.

=Cobbler's-knock=. 'To do the cobbler's knock,' to slide on one foot, tapping the ice meanwhile with the other.--S.W.

*=Cob-nut=. A game played by children with nuts (A.B.).--S.W.

=Cockagee=, =Cockygee= (_g_ hard). A kind of small hard sour cider apple. Ir. _cac a' gheidh_, goose-dung, from its greenish-yellow colour (see N.E.D., ~s.v. Coccagee~).--S.W. (Deverill, &c.)

=Cocking-fork=. A large hay-fork, used for carrying hay from the cock into the summer-rick.--S.W.

*=Cocking-poles=. Poles used for the same purpose.--N.W.

=Cockles=. Seed-heads of _Arctium Lappa_, L., Burdock.--N.W. (Clyffe Pypard).

=Cock's Egg=. The small eggs sometimes first laid by pullets.--N. & S.W.

=Cock-shot=. A cock-shy: used by boys about Marlborough and elsewhere. 'I say, there's a skug [squirrel]--let's have a cock-shot at him with your squailer.'--N. & S.W.

*=Cock's-neckling=. 'To come down cock's-neckling,' to fall head foremost (H.Wr.).--Obsolete.

=Cock's-nests=. The nests so often built and then deserted by the wren, without any apparent cause.--N.W.

*=Cock-sqwoilin=. Throwing at cocks at Shrovetide (A.Wr.). See ~Squail~.--N.W., obsolete.

'1755. Paid expenses at the Angel at a meeting when the By Law
was made to prevent Throwing at Cocks, 0.10.6.'--Records of
_Chippenham_, p. 244.

=Cocky-warny=. The game of leap-frog.--N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)

*=Cod-apple=. A wild apple (_Wilts Arch. Mag._ xiv. 177).

=Codlins-and-cream=. _Epilobium hirsutum_, L., Great Hairy Willow-herb; from its smell when crushed in the hand. Cf. ~Sugar-Codlins~.--S.W.

*=Coglers=. The hooks, with cogged rack-work for lifting or lowering, by which pots and kettles were formerly hung over open fireplaces. Now superseded by _Hanglers_.--N.W., obsolete.

=Colley=. (1) A collar.--N. & S.W. *(2) Soot or grime from a pot or kettle (A.B.). Compare:--

'Brief as the lightning in the collied night.'--_Midsummer
Night's Dream._

'Thou hast not collied thy face enough.'--JONSON'S ~Poetaster~.

=Colley-maker=. A saddler. See ~Colley~ (1).--N. & S.W.

=Colley-strawker=. A milker or 'cow-stroker.'--N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)

=Colt's-tail=. A kind of cloud said to portend rain.--N.W.

'The colt's tail is a cloud with a bushy appearance like a
ragged fringe, and portends rain.'--_Great Estate_, ch. viii.

*=Comb=, =Coom=. (1) _n._ The lower ledge of a window (Kennett's _Paroch. Antiq._). (2) _n._ Grease from an axle-box, soot, dirt, &c. ~Koomb~ (S.).--S.W.

=Comb-and-Brush=. _Dipsacus sylvestris_, L., Wild Teasel.--S.W.

=Combe=, =Coombe=. (1) The wooded side of a hill (D.); used occasionally in this sense in both Wilts and Dorset.--N. & S.W. (2) A narrow valley or hollow in a hillside. This is the proper meaning.--N. & S.W. Used of a narrow valley in the woodlands in _Gamekeeper at Home_, ch. i.

=Come of=. To get the better of, to grow out of. 'How weak that child is about the knees, Sally!' 'Oh, he'll come o' that all right, Miss, as he do grow bigger.'--N. & S.W.

=Come to land=. Of intermittent springs, to rise to the surface and begin to flow (_Agric. of Wilts_, ch. xii).--S.W.

=Comical=. (1) Queer-tempered. 'Her's a comical 'ooman.'--N. & S.W. (2) Out of health. 'I've bin uncommon comical to-year.'--N. & S.W. (3) Cracky, queer. 'He's sort o' comical in his head, bless 'ee.'--N. & S.W. 'A cow he's a comical thing to feed; bin he don't take care he's very like to choke hisself.'--N.W. (Marlborough.) It should be noted that Marlborough folk are traditionally reputed to call everything _he_ but a bull, and that they always call _she_!

=Coney-burry=. A rabbit's hole.--S.W. (Amesbury.)

=Coniger=, =Conigre=. This old word, originally meaning a rabbit-warren, occurs frequently in Wilts (as at Trowbridge) as the name of a meadow, piece of ground, street, &c. See _Great Estate_, note to ch. ix.

=Conker-berries=. See ~Canker-berries~.

=Conks=, =Conkers= (i.e. _conquerors_). (1) A boy's game, played with horse-chestnuts strung on cord, the players taking it in turn to strike at their opponent's conk, in order to crack and disable it.--N.W. (Marlborough.) (2) Hence, the fruit of _Aesculus Hippocastanum_, L., Horse-chestnut.--N.W.

=Coob=. A hen-coop (H.): invariably so pronounced.--N. & S.W.

=Cooby=. A snug corner. See ~Cubby-hole~.--N. & S.W.

=Coom=. See ~Comb~.

*=Coombe-bottom=. A valley in a hillside (_Great Estate_, ch. iv). See ~Combe~.

=Coom hedder=. (A.S.). See ~Horses~.

=Coop! Coop!= The usual call to cows, &c., to come in.--N. & S.W.

=Coopy-house=. A very small house or cottage (S.). See ~Cubby-hole~.--S.W.

*=Cooted=. Cut slanting, sloped off, as the ends of the upper part of an oblong hay-rick (D.).

'Hayricks are usually made round; sometimes oblong with cooted
ends, not gable ends.'--_Agric. of Wilts._

=Cord=. 'A cord of plocks,' a pile of cleft wood, 8 ft. long and 4 ft. in girth and width (D.).--N.W.

=Corn-baulk=. See ~Baulk~ (1).

=Corndrake=. _Crex pratensis_, the Landrail; almost invariably so called about Warminster and in some parts of N. Wilts.--N. & S.W.

*=Corn-grate=. The Cornbrash formation (_Agric. of Wilts_, p. 164).

*=Corn Grit=. Quarrymen's term for one of the building stone beds of the Portland series (Britton's _Beauties of Wilts_, vol. iii).

*=Corn Pop=. _Silene inflata_, Sm., Bladder Campion.--N.W. (Enford.)

=Corruptions=. Some of these are curious, and perhaps worth recording, as _Rainball_, rainbow (always used at Huish); _Lattiprack_, paralytic; _Nuffin-idols_, Love-in-idleness; _Polly Andrews_, Polyanthus. Also see _Nolens-volens_. Bronchitis is always _Brantitus_, and Jaundice always _The Janders_, plural. Persuade is always _Suade_. The crab-apple is usually _Grab_ in N. Wilts. At Etchilhampton we find _Plump_ for pump, and _Moth_ for moss, while at Huish and elsewhere proud flesh is always _Ploughed flesh_. _Pasmet_, parsnip, and the universal _Turmut_, turnip, may be noted as illustrating a curious letter-change. _Varley-grassey_, gone green, is evidently from verdigris. In _Great Estate_, ch. iv, Jefferies traces _Meejick_ ('a sort of a _Meejick'_=anything very strange or unusual) back to menagerie. Cavalry becomes _Cavaltry_, meaning horsemen, and crockery is usually _Crockerty_. Other more or less common perversions of words are _Patty Carey_, Hepatica; _Chiny Oysters_, China Aster; _Turkemtime_, turpentine; _Absence_, abscess (Cherhill); _Abrupt_, to approve (Huish); _Tiddle_, to tickle; _Cribble_, a cripple; _Strive_ (of a tree), to thrive (Steeple Ashton); _Hurly-gurly_, a hurdy-gurdy (S.W.); _Midger_, to measure; _Cherm_, to churn (_Slow_, S.W.); _Rumsey-voosey_, to rendezvous, as 'He went a rumsy-voosing down the lane to meet his sweetheart'; _Dapcheek_, a dabchick; _Drilly-drally_, to hesitate, to dawdle over anything; _Kiddle_, a kettle.

=Couch=, =Cooch=. Couch-grass in general.--N. & S.W. ~Black Couch~, _Agrostis stolonifera_ (D.); ~White Couch~, _Triticum repens_ (D.); ~Couchy-bent~, _Agrostis stolonifera_ (D.); ~Knot Couch~, _Avena elatior_.

=Couchy-bent=. See ~Couch~.

=Count=. To expect or think. 'I don't count as he'll come.'--N.W.

*=Coventree=. _Viburnum Lantana_, L., Mealy Guelder rose.--S.W., obsolete.

'Coven-tree common about Chalke and Cranbourn Chase; the
carters doe make their whippes of it.'--AUBREY'S _Wilts_, p.
56, Ed. Brit.

*=Coward=. _adj._ Pure: used of unskimmed milk. Cf. 'cowed milk,' Isle of Wight (_Wilts Arch. Mag._ vol. xxii. p. 110).--N.W. (Cherhill.)

*=Cow-baby=. A childish fellow, a simpleton (S.).--S.W.

=Cow-clap=. A form of ~Cow-clat~, q.v.--N.W.

=Cow-clat=, =Cow-clap=. A pat of cow-dung (A.).--N.W.

*=Cow-down=. A cow-common (_Agric. Survey_).--Obsolete.

=Cows-and-Calves=. (1) _Arum maculatum_, L., Cuckoo-pint.--S.W. (2) When a saw has alternately long and short teeth, they are known as _cows_ and _calves_ respectively.--N.W.

=Cowshard=. Cow-clat.--N.W.

*=Cowshorne=. Cow-clats. Obsolete.

'The poore people gather the cowshorne in the
meadows.'--JACKSON'S _Aubrey_, p. 192.

*=Cow-white=. See ~White~.

*=Crab=. To abuse (_Wilts Arch. Mag._ vol. xxii. p. 110). Compare North Eng. _crab_, to provoke, and _crob_, to reproach. Originally a hawking term, hawks being said to _crab_ when they stood too near and fought one with another. See _Folk-Etymology_, p. 81 (Smythe-Palmer).--N.W. (Cherhill.)

*=Crandum=. The throat (S.).--N.W.

'I first heard this word near Hungerford, where some farm hands
were having a spree. There was a six-gallon jar of beer on the
table, which they were continually smacking with their hands,
whilst they sang in chorus:--

"Let it run down yer crandum,
An' jolly will we be," &c.

I have only heard it applied to the human throat, never to that
of an animal.'--_Letter from Mr. Slow._

*=Crap=. Assurance (H.Wr.). There is probably some mistake here.

=Craw=. The crop of a bird; hence, the bosom (A.). 'A spelt th' drenk down 's craw,' he spilt it down his bosom (A.).--N.W.

=Crazy=, =Craisey=, =Craizey=. The Buttercup (A.B.H.Wr.). Buttercups in general, _Ranunculus acris_, _R. bulbosus_, _R. repens_, and often _R. Ficaria_ also, but at Huish never applied to the last-named. In Deverill the term _Craizies_ is restricted to the Marsh Marigold. See N.E.D. (~s.v. Crayse~).--N. & S.W.

=Crazy Bets=. (1) The general name all over Wilts for _Caltha palustris_, L., Marsh Marigold; apparently always pl. in form. ~Crazy Betties~ (_Great Estate_, ch. ii) and ~Crazy Betseys~ are occasionally used, the latter at Little Langford, S.W. Cf. 'Pretty Bets,' Oxf. and Nhamp., for Red Spur Valerian and London Pride, and 'Sweet Betsey,' Kent, for the former. In Glouc. Marsh Marigold is merely a _Crazy_.--N. & S.W. *(2) Mr. Slow says that 'Crazy bets' is applied to the 'buttercup' in South Wilts. *(3) _Chrysanthemum leucanthemum_, L., the Ox-eye Daisy.--S.W. (Hampworth.)

=Crazy-mor=e, =Crazy-mar=, or =Crazy-moir=. (1) _Ranunculus repens_, L., Creeping Buttercup. _More_=root or plant.--N.W. (Devizes; Huish.) (2) At Clyffe Pypard, N.W., and probably elsewhere, ~Crazy-mar~ means a plant of any kind of buttercup.

=Crease=. A ridge-tile.--N.W.

'From the top of Aland's house ... a slate ridge-crest
(or crease, as it is provincially termed) ... was carried
northwards about 40 yards.'--_The Great Wiltshire Storm, Wilts
Arch. Mag._ vol. vi. p. 378.

=Creed=. _Lemna minor_, L., Duckweed (_Great Estate_, ch. ii).--N.W.

*=Creeny=. Small (A.B.H.Wr.).

*=Creeping Jack=. _Sedum_, Stonecrop.--N.W. (Lyneham.)

=Creeping Jenny=. (1) _Linaria Cymbalaria_, Mill., Ivy-leaved Toadflax.--S.W. (Salisbury.) (2) _Lysimachia Nummularia_, L., Moneywort.--N. & S.W.

*=Cresset=, =Cressil=. _Scrophularia aquatica_, L., Water Figwort (_Great Estate_, ch. iv).

=Crew=. The tang of a scythe-blade, fastening into the pole-ring.--N.W.

=Cribble about=. To creep about as old people do.--N. & S.W.

=Cribbles=. Onions grown from bulbs. See ~Gibbles~ and ~Chipples~.--S.W. (Som. bord.)

=Crick crack=. People who try to talk fine language, and cannot, are said to use 'crick crack' words. ~Crick crach~: words not understood (S.).--N. & S.W.

'Crink-crank words are long words--_verba sesquipedalia_--not
properly understood. See _Proceedings of Phil. Soc._ v.
143-8.'--COPE'S _Hants Gloss_.

=Crink=. A crevice or crack.--N.W.

*=Crippender=. Crupper harness.--S.W. (Bratton.)

=Critch=. A deep earthen pan (S.). Also used in Hants. Fr. _cruche_.--S.W.

=Crock=. A pot; especially an earthen one (A.B.S.).--N. & S.W.

=Croud=. See ~Crowdy~.

=Croupy down=. To crouch down (S.) as children do when playing hide-and-seek.--N. & S.W.

=Crow-bells= (pl. used as sing.). _Scilla nutans_, Sm., Wild Hyacinth (H.Wr.).--S.W. This is probably the flower referred to in Aubrey's _Wilts_, Roy. Soc. MS., p. 126 (p. 52, ed. Brit.), under the same name:--

'In a ground of mine called Swices ... growes abundantly a
plant called by the people hereabout crow-bells, which I never
saw any where but there. Mr. Rob. Good, M.A., tells me that
these crow-bells have blue flowers, and are common to many
shady places in this county.'

=Crowdy=. A kind of apple turnover (S.). ~Croud~ (H.Wr.).--N. & S.W.

=Crow-flower=. _Scilla nutans_, Sm., Wild Hyacinth.--S.W. (Hants bord.)

=Crow-hearted=. Young cabbage and broccoli plants that have lost their eye or centre are said to be 'crow-hearted.'--N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)

=Crowpeck=. (1) _Scandix Pecten_, L., Shepherd's-needle (D.).--S.W. (2) _Ranunculus arvensis_, L., Corn Crowfoot.--N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)

*=Crow's-legs=. _Scilla nutans_, Sm., Wild Hyacinth.--N.W.

=Crump=. To crunch or munch.--N.W.

=Crumplings=, =Crumplens=. Small, imperfectly grown apples.--N. & S.W.

=Cubby-hole=. A snug corner, a sheltered place (A.S.). Also ~Cooby~; cf. ~Coopy-house~.--N. & S.W.

=Cuckoo=. About Salisbury _Saxifraga granulata_ is known as ~Dry~ (or ~Dryland~) ~Cuckoo~, and _Cardamine pratensis_ as ~Water Cuckoo~, from their respective habitats. The use of _Cuckoo_ in a plant-name always implies that it flowers in early spring.

=Cuckoo-flower=. (1) _Cardamine pratensis_, L., Lady's Smock.--N. & S.W. (2) _Anemone nemorosa_, L., Wood Anemone.--S.W.

=Cuckoo fool=. _Yunx torquilla_, the Wryneck.--N.W. (Broadtown.)

=Cuckoo-gate=. A swing-gate in a V-shaped enclosure.--N. & S.W.

=Cuckoos=. _Anemone nemorosa_, L., Wood Anemone.--S.W. (Hamptworth.)

*=Cuckoo's bread-and-cheese=. The young shoots of the Hawthorn (_Great Estate_, ch. iii).--N.W.

=Cuddickwaay=! Order to a horse to 'Come this way.'

=Cue= (1), _n._ An ox-shoe (A.). Only used on flinty lands.--N. & S.W. (2) _v._ To shoe an ox.--N. & S.W.

=Cull=, or =Tom Cull=. _Cottus gobio_, the Bullhead (A.B.).

=Culls=. Sheep or lambs picked out of the flock, as inferior in size or in any other way, and sold. Fairs at which they are sold are called '_Cull Fairs_.'--N.W.

=Curdle=. A curl of hair (S.).--N. & S.W.

=Curly-buttons=. Woodlice.--S.W.

=Curly-cob=. The Bullhead, _Cottus gobio_--S.W. (Bishopstone.)

=Curry-pig=. A sucking pig (H.Wr.). Also ~Cure-pig~.

=Cushion-pink=. _Armeria maritima_, Willd., Thrift; the garden variety.--N.W.

*=Cushions=. _Scabiosa arvensis_, L., Field Scabious.--N. & S.W. (Enford, &c.)

*=Cusnation=. An expletive (A.).

'Ha' done, Jonas! Dwon't 'e be a cussnation vool! I'll call
missus!'--_Wilts Tales_, p. 83.

=Cut-finger-leaf=. _Valeriana_, All-heal. The leaves are good for application to sluggish sores, whitlows, &c. Mr. Cunnington quotes it as _V. dioica_.--N.W. (Huish, &c.)

=Cutty=. _Troglodytes vulgaris_, the Wren (S.).--S.W.

=D=. (1) In comparatives, &c., _d_ is frequently added to liquids, as _coolder_, cooler; _thinder_, thinner; feeldins, feelings; and _scholard_, scholar. In _Chronicon Vilodunense_, fifteenth century, we find _jaylarde_, a gaoler. (2) It is also used for _th_, as _draish_, thresh; _droo_, through; _dree_, three. (3) _D_ not sounded after a liquid; examples:--_veel_, field; _vine_, to find; _dreshol_, threshold.

=Daak=. See ~Dawk~.

=Dab=. An expert at anything; sometimes used ironically, as 'He's a perfect dab at gardening,' he knows nothing whatever about it.--N. & S.W.

=Dabster=. A proficient (A.). See ~Dapster~.--S.W.

=Dack=. See ~Dawk~.

=Daddick=, =Daddock=. _n._ Rotten wood (A.B.G.).--N.W.

=Daddicky=. _adj._ Of wood, decayed, rotten (A.B.S.). Cf. ~Dicky~.--N. & S.W.

*=Daddy's Whiskers=. _Clematis Vitalba_, L., Traveller's Joy.--S.W. (Farley.)

=Daffy=. The usual name in N.W. for the wild Daffodil.

=Daggled=. See ~Diggled~.

=Daglet=. An icicle (A.H.S.Wr.). See ~Daggled~.--N. & S.W.

'Thatched roofs are always hung with "daglets" in
frost.'--_Village Miners._

=Dain=. Noisome effluvia (A.B.C.H.Wr.). Formerly applied mainly to _infectious_ effluvia, as 'Now dwoan't 'ee gwo too nigh thuck there chap; he've a had the small-pox, and the dain be in his clothes still.' (See _Cunnington MS._). Now used of very bad smells in general.--N.W.

=Dainty=. Evil-smelling. 'That there meat's ter'ble dainty.'--N.W.

=Dall=. An expletive (S.).--N.W.

''Od dal th' vor'n ungrateful varment!'--_Wilts Tales_, p. 50.

=Dandy-goshen=. See ~Dandy-goslings~.

=Dandy-goslings=. (1) _Orchis mascula_, L., Early Purple Orchis. See ~Gandigoslings~, &c.--N.W. (2) _O. Morio_, L., Green-winged Meadow Orchis. ~Dandy-goshen~ at Salisbury (_English Plant Names_), also at Little Langford.--S.W.

*=Dane=, =Daner=. In Kingston Deverill there was an old man who called red-haired men 'Danes,' or 'Daners,' as 'Thee bist a Dane.' This being in the centre of the Alfred district, the term may be a survival. In Somerset red-haired men are often said to be 'a bit touched with the Danes.'

*=Dane's Blood=. _Sambucus Ebulus_, L., Dwarf Elder (Aubrey's _Nat. Hist. Wilts_, p. 50, ed. Brit.). It is popularly believed only to grow on the ancient battle-fields, and to have sprung originally from the blood of the slain Danes.

=Dap=. (1) _v._ To rebound, as a ball.--N. & S.W. (2) _n._ The rebound of a ball.--N. & S.W.

=Dap on=. To pounce down on, to take unawares.--N. & S.W.

=Daps=. (1) 'He's the daps on his feyther,' the very image of him (S.).--S.W. (2) 'He got the daps o' he's feyther,' he has the same tricks as his father.--N.W.

'~Dap~, a hop, a turn. The daps of any one would therefore be
his habits, peculiarities, &c.'--JENNINGS, _Somerset Gloss_.

=Dapster=. *(1) A nimble boy.--S.W. (Deverill). (2) A proficient (S.). See ~Dab~.--S.W.

*=Dar=. _n._ 'To be struck in a dar, to be astonished or confounded.'--_Cunnington MS._ Apparently from O.E. _dare_, to frighten birds.--N.W., obsolete.

'Never hobby so dared a lark.'--BURTON, _Anatomy of Melancholy_.

*=Daver=. To fade, fall down, droop, as flowers or leaves on a hot day.--N.W. (Malmesbury.)

=Dawk=, =Dack=, =Daak=, =Dauk=. To incise with a jerk, or insert a pointed weapon with rapidity (H.Wr.). To stab and tear together as a cat's claw does. To puncture.--N.W.

'Should a savage cat tear out a piece of flesh from the hand,
she is said to "dawk" it out. Dawk expresses a ferocious stab
and tear combined.'--_Village Miners._

Also used of a baker marking loaves:--

'Prick it and dack it and mark it with T,
And put it in the oven for baby and me.'--_Nursery Rhyme._

This seems to be identical with A.S. _dalc_, _dolc_, Dutch and Danish _dolk_, Icel. _dálkr_, Germ. _dolch_, all meaning a sharp piercing instrument, a skewer, a dagger, &c. (Smythe-Palmer).

=Dead hedge=. A wattled fence (_Agric. of Wilts_, ch. x).--N.W.

=Dead pen=. A sheep pen is occasionally so called in S. Wilts.

=Dead-roof=. A skilling roof made of bavins and thatched over.--N.W.

=Dead year=. Often used with possessive pronoun, as 'his dead year,' the year immediately following his death (_Wilts Arch. Mag._ vol. xxii. p. 111). A widow should not marry again 'afore the dead year's up.'--N.W.

=Deaf-nettle=. _Lamium album_, L., the Dead nettle. Cf. ~Dunch-nettle~.--S.W.

=Deaf-nut=. A rotten or empty nut. _Deaf_=useless, inactive.--S.W.

=Deedy=. (1) Industrious, busy, as 'He's a deedy man.'--N.W. (2) Intent, as 'What bist looking so deedy at?'--N.W.

*=Dee-gee=. Mr. William Cunnington writes us as follows:--

'"Twas a Dee-gee" was the name of a kind of dance, which our
old nurse taught us as children, mostly performed by moving
sideways and knocking the feet together.'

This would seem to be a survival of the Elizabethan _heydeguies_. See Spenser, _Shepherd's Calendar_, June.--N.W., obsolete.

*=Densher=. To prepare down-land for cultivation by paring and burning the turf (Aubrey's _Wilts Nat. Hist._, p. 103, ed. Brit.). See ~Bake~ and ~Burn-bake~.

=Desight=, =Dissight=. An unsightly object (H.Wr.).--N.W.

=Devil-daisy=. _Matricaria Parthenium_, L., Common Feverfew, and _Anthemis Cotula_, L., Stinking Camomile, from their daisy-like flowers and unpleasant odour.--S.W.

=Devil-in-a-hedge=. _Nigella damascena_, Love in a mist.--N.W.

=Devil-screecher=. _Cypselus apus_, the Common Swift.--N. & S.W.

=Devil's-ring=. A kind of hairy caterpillar which curls up on being touched (_Wild Life_, ch. xvii).--N.W.

'Devyls-gold-rynge, the colewort worme.'--_Huloet._

'Oak-egger and fox moths, which children call "Devil's Gold
Rings."'--KINGSLEY, _Chalk-stream Studies_.

=Dew-beater=. A man who has large feet, or who turns out his toes, so that he brushes the dew off the grass in walking (A.S.).--N. & S.W. Compare:--

'The dew-beaters [early walkers, pioneers] have trod their way
for those that come after them.'--HACKET'S _Life of Williams_,
i. 57.

=Dew-bi=. A very early breakfast (A.).--N. & S.W.

=Dew-pond=. A pond on the downs, not fed by any spring, but kept up by mist, dew, and rain. Such ponds rarely fail, even in the longest drought. Also ~Mist-pond~.--N.W.

*=Dewsiers=. The valves of a pig's heart (A.B.G.); a corruption of O.F. _jusier_.

=Deyhus=, =Da'us=, =Day'us=. A dairy, a cheese-room (A.B.). From _deye_, a dairymaid; Icel. _deigja_ (Skeat). In this and similar words, as Brewhouse, Woodhouse, &c., _house_ is always pronounced as A.S. _hús_ (Akerman), the _h_, however, not being invariably sounded.--N.W.

=Dibs=. A game played by boys with sheep's dibs or knuckle-bones (S.).--N. & S.W.

*=Dick-and-his-team=. The Great Bear.--N.W. Compare Jack-and-his-team.

'I know the north star; there it is.... And the Great Bear; the
men call it Dick and his Team.'--_Greene Ferne Farm_, ch. vi.

=Dicker=. (1) To bedeck. 'Gels be allus a dickerin' therselves up now-a-days.'--N.W. (Huish.) (2) 'As thick as they can dicker,' very intimate.--S.W. (Amesbury.) 'All in a dicker (or 'digger'),' very close together.--S.W.

=Dicky=. (1) Of vegetables, decayed. (2) Of persons or plants, weakly or in ill-health (_Wilts Arch. Mag._ vol. xxii. p. 110). Cf. ~Daddicky~.--N.W.

=Dicky-birds=. _Fumaria officinalis_, L., Common Fumitory.--S.W.

=Diedapper=. _Podiceps minor_, the Dabchick; _Divedapper_ in Shakespeare. In common use at Salisbury until quite recently. Before the streams running through the city were covered over, it was an every-day occurrence to see a dripping urchin making for home, with an escort of friends at his heels yelling 'Diedapper, Diedapper, Diedapper, die!'--S.W.

*=Diggle=. _v._ To grow thickly together. 'They weeds be a coming up agen as thick as ever they can diggle.' See ~Dicker~.--N.W. (Potterne.).

=Diggled=, =Daggled=. Covered over or hung thickly with anything. Compare ~Daglet~. 'Thick may-bush be aal diggled wi' berries.'--S.W. (Salisbury.)

=Diggles=. _n._ Abundance, plenty (S.). 'Let's go a blackberryin'; there's diggles up Grovely.' See ~Diggle~.--S.W.

=Dill=, =Dill Duck=. A young duck.--N. & S.W.

=Dillcup=. _Ranunculus Ficaria_, L., Lesser Celandine (S.).--S.W.

=Diller=. The shaft-horse (H.Wr.). See ~Thiller~.--N.W.

=Dills=. See ~Thills~.

=Dimmets=. Dusk, twilight.--S.W.

=Ding=. To strike violently (_Dark_, ch. xv).--N.W.

=Dishabille=. A labourer's working clothes. The word is not used in Wilts in its ordinary sense of undress or negligent costume, but a common excuse for not appearing at church is that a man has nothing but his _dishabille_ to wear. Fr. _déshabillé_.--N.W.

=Dishwasher=. (1) _Motacilla flava_, the Yellow Wagtail (A.S.).--N. & S.W. (2) _M. Yarrellii_, the Pied Wagtail (A.S.).--N. & S.W.

=Do=. 'To do for any one,' to manage or keep house for him.--N. & S.W.

*=Dock=. _Malva sylvestris_, L., Common Mallow (A.). Now restricted to _Rumex_.

=Dodder=, =Dudder=, =Duther=, &c. (1) _v._ To bewilder, to deafen with noise (A.B.H.S.Wr.). 'I be vinny doddered, they childern do yop so.'--N. & S.W. (2) _n._ 'All in a dudder,' quite bewildered (H.).--N. & S.W. (3) _v._ To deaden anything, as pain. 'It sort o' dudders the pain.'--N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)

*=Doddle-grass=. _Briza media_, L., Quaking Grass (_English Plant Names_).

=Doddler=. 'A bit of a doddler,' a small boy.--N. & S.W.

=Dog, how beest=? This phrase seems worth noting. At Clyffe Pypard a person complaining of loneliness, or the want of sociability or kindness amongst the neighbours, will say, 'There isn't one as 'll so much as look in and say, "Dog, how beest?"'

=Dog-Cocks=. _Arum maculatum_, L., Cuckoo-pint. Compare _Dogs-dibble_ in N. Devon.--N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)

=Dog-daisy=. Any large daisy-like white flower, such as _Chrysanthemum leucanthemum_, L., Ox-eye Daisy.--N. & S.W.

=Dogged=. (2 syl.) Very, excessively; as _dogged cute_ (A.).--N. & S.W.

'Maester was dogged deep, but I was deeper!'--_Wilts Tales_, p.
110.

*=Dog out=. To drive out anything, as a sheep out of a quagmire, by setting the dog furiously at it (_Great Estate_, ch. viii).

=Dog's-mouth=. _Linaria vulgari_s, Mill., Yellow Toadflax.--N.W.

*=Dom=. A door case (H.Wr.): probably a mistake for _Dorn_ or _Doorn_.

=Domel=. See ~Dumble~.

=Doner=. A man, animal, &c., 'done for' and past hope (S.). 'Thuck old sow be a dunner; her 'll be dead afore night.'--N. & S.W.

*=Donnings=. Clothes (A.B.).

*=Dooke=. (2 syl.) Do ye, will ye. 'Be quiet, dooke' (H.M.Wr.).

'Obsolete, having been superseded by _do 'ee_. It was
pronounced as a dissyllable.'--SKEAT.

=Door-Drapper= (i.e. Dropper or Dripper). The piece of wood fastened to the bottom of cottage doors to shoot the water off the 'Dreshol' (threshold).--N.W.

*=Doorn=. A door frame (H.Wr.). Also ~Durn~ (S.). At Warminster applied only to the sides of a door-frame.--S.W.

=Double=. 'He is a double man,' i.e. bent double with age or infirmity.--S.W.

*=Double-Dumb-Nettle=. _Ballota nigra_, L., Black Horehound.--S.W. (Charlton.)

*=Double-ladies'-fingers-and-thumbs=. _Anthyllis vulneraria_, L., Kidney Vetch.--N.W. (Enford.)

=Double-mound=. A double hedge (_Amateur Poacher_, ch. xi; _Wild Life_, ch. ix. p. 152). See ~Mound~.--N.W.

*=Double Pincushion=. _Anthyllis vulneraria_, L., Kidney Vetch.--S.W. (Barford.)

=Doublets=. Twin lambs (_Annals of Agric._).--N.W.

=Dough-fig=. The same as ~Lem-feg~. A Turkey Fig.--N.W.

=Dout=. To put out, as 'Dout the candle' (A.B.S.): to smother or extinguish fire by beating.--N. & S.W.

'An extinguisher "douts" a candle; the heel of a boot "douts"
a match thrown down. But the exact definition of "dout" is to
smother, or extinguish by beating.'--_Village Miners._

=Dowl=. The fine down of a bird.--N.W.

'Coots and moor-hens must be skinned, they could not be plucked
because of the "dowl." Dowl is the fluff, the tiny featherets
no fingers can remove.'--_Bevis_, ch. vii.

=Down=. To tire out, to exhaust. 'That there 'oss's downed.'--N.W. (Wroughton.)

=Down-along=. 'He lives down-along,' a little way down the street (S.), as opposed to 'up-along.'--S.W.

=Down-arg=. To contradict in an overbearing manner (A.B.S.), to browbeat.--N. & S.W.

=Down-dacious=. Audacious (S.). 'Her's a right downdacious young vaggot, that her is!'--S.W.

*=Down-haggard=. Disconsolate (S.).--S.W.

=Down-hearten=. To feel disheartened. 'A be vurry bad, but I don't down-hearten about un.'--N.W.

=Dowse=. A blow (A.B.C.S.), as 'a dowse in the chops.'--N. & S.W.

=Dowst=. (1) Chaff or cave. ~Dust~ (D.). (2) 'To go to dowst,' go to bed, perhaps from _dowst_ (chaff) being used to fill mattresses. Heard at Huish occasionally, but not traced elsewhere.

=Dowst-coob=. The chaff cupboard in a stable.--N. & S.W.

=Drag=. A harrow (D.).--N. & S.W.

=Drail=. (1) In a plough, the iron bow from which the traces draw, and by which the furrow is set (D.).--N.W. (2) _Crex pratensis_, the Landrail.--N.W.

*=Drainted=. Of dirt, ingrained (H.Wr.).

=Drang=, =Drangway=, =Drung=. (1) A narrow lane. ~Drun~ (H.Wr.).--S.W. (2) A narrow passage between walls or houses. Drun (H.Wr.).--S.W.

=Drangway=. See ~Drang~ (S.).

=Drashel=, =Dreshol=, &c. A flail (D.). The correct term for a flail is a _drashel_, but '_a pair o' drashells_' (or 'dreshols') is more commonly used, as two men generally work together.--N. & S.W.

*=Drattle=. Much talk (S.).--S.W.

=Draught=. A cart-shaft. ~Draats~ (S.).--S.W.

=Draughts=. Hazel-rods selected for hurdle-making (D.). A 'draught' is not a rod, but a bundle of long wood suitable for hurdles or pea-sticks, bound with a single withe.--N.W.

=Drave=. 'I be slaving an' draving (i.e. working myself to death) for he, night and day.'--N. & S.W.

=Draw=. (1) A squirrel's dray or nest.--N.W. (Marlborough.) (2) Rarely applied to a large nest, as a hawk's. Compare:--'_Draw_, to build a nest (_Berners_),' an old hawking term.--N.W. (Marlborough.)

=Drawing=. See ~Drawn~.

=Drawn=. In a water-meadow, the large open main drain which carries the water back to the river, after it has passed through the various carriages and trenches.--S.W. In every-day use about Salisbury, and along the Avon and Wiley from Downton to Codford, but rarely heard elsewhere.

'Many of the meadows on either length [near Salisbury] abound
in ditches and "drawns."'--_Fishing Gazette_, July 18, 1891, p.
40, col. 2.

'I ... descried three birds, standing quite still [at Britford]
by the margin of a flooded "drawing."'--_Wilts Arch. Mag._ xxi.
229.

=Dredge=, =Drodge=. Barley and oats grown together.--S.W.

=Dribs-and-Drabs=. Odds and ends. 'All in dribs and drabs,' all in tatters.--N. & S.W.

=Drieth=. See ~Dryth~.

=Drift=. A row of felled underwood (D.).--N.W.

=Dripple= See ~Waggon~.

=Drive=. Of manure, to stimulate growth. 'Thur, that'll drive th' rhubub, _I_ knaws!'--N. & S.W.

=Drock=. (1) A short drain under a roadway, often made with a hollow tree.--N. & S.W. (2) A broad flat stone laid as a bridge across a ditch (_Amaryllis at the Fair_).--N.W. (Castle Eaton, &c.)

'Drock, a water-way, or sometimes the stone slab over a narrow
ditch.'--_Leisure Hour_, Aug. 1893.

'1674. Item Paid Richard Serrell for a Stone to make a
Drocke.--_Records of Chippenham_, p. 230.

*(3) A water-course (H.Wr.). A water-way (_Leisure Hour_, Aug. 1893).--N.W. (Castle Eaton, &c.)

'Where meaning a water way, it is usually spoken of as
a Drockway, "drock" alone being the passage over the
ditch.'--MISS E. BOYER-BROWN.

*(4) Used in compounds such as ~Well-drock~, windlass.

=Drockway=. See ~Drock~ (3).

=Drodge=. See ~Dredge~ .

*=Dromedary=. (1) _Centaurea nigra_, L., Black Knapweed.--S.W. (Barford St. Martin.) (2) _Centaurea Scabiosa_, L., Hardheads.--S.W. (Barford St. Martin.)

=Dropping=. 'A dropping summer,' one when there is a shower every two or three days (_Wild Life_, ch. ii).--N.W.

=Drove=. A green roadway on a farm.--N. & S.W.

=Drown=. To turn the water over the meadows.--S.W.

=Drowner=. The man who attends to the hatches, managing the supply of water, and turning it on and off the meadows at the proper times.--S.W.

*=Drowning-bridge=. A water-meadow sluice-gate (A.B.G.H. Wr.).

=Drowning-carriage=. A large water-course for drowning a meadow. See ~Carriage~.--S.W.

*=Droy=. A thunderbolt (Aubrey's _Wilts MS._, H.Wr.).--Obsolete.

*=Drucked=. Filled to overflowing (S.).--S.W.

=Drug=. (1) 'To drug timber,' to draw it out of the woods under a pair of wheels (D.).--N.W. (2) 'To drug a wheel,' to put on some kind of drag or chain.--N.W.

*=Druid's-hair=. Long moss (H.Wr.).

=Drun=. See ~Drang~ (H.Wr.).

=Drunge=. (1) _n._ A crowd or crush of people (H.Wr.)--N.W. (2) _v._ To squeeze (S.).--S.W.

=Drunkards=. Flowers of _Caltha palustris_, L., Marsh Marigold; probably from the way in which they suck up water when placed in a vase. The reason assigned by children for the name is that if you look long at them you will be sure to take to drink.--S.W. (Som. bord.)

=Dry Cuckoo=, or =Dryland Cuckoo=. _Saxifraga granulata_, L., White Meadow Saxifrage. See ~Cuckoo~.--S.W.

=Dryth=, or =Drieth=. Dryness, drought.--N.W.

'1633. The cryer ... to give warninge to the inhabitants to
sett payles of water at their doores in the late tyme of drieth
and heate.'--_Records of Chippenham_, p. 206.

=Dub=. To pelt with stones. 'Just dub that apple down out of the tree, will 'ee?' See ~Frog-dubbing~.--S.W.

=Dubbed=. Blunt, pointless (A.B.).

*=Dubbing=. 'A dubbin' o' drenk,' a pint or mug of beer (A.B.H.Wr.).

=Dubby=. Oily.--N.W.

=Duck's-frost=. A very slight white frost.--N.W.

'That kind of frost which comes on in the early morning, and is
accompanied with some rime on the grass--a duck's frost, just
sufficient to check fox-hunting.'--_Gamekeeper at Home_, ch.
vii.

=Duckstone=. A game played by boys with stones (S.).--S.W.

=Dudder=. See ~Dodder~.

=Dudge=. (1) A bundle of anything used to stop a hole.--N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.) *(2) 'Peg the dudge,' tap the barrel (A.B.G.H.Wr.).

=Dudman=. A scarecrow.--N.W. (Malmesbury.)

=Dumb-Ague=. A kind of ague which is not accompanied by the usual shaking fits. ''Tis what 'ee do caal the dumb-agey.'--N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)

=Dumble=. Stupid, dull (A.B.H.Wr.); also ~Domel, Dummel, &c.~--N.W.

'Severe weather ... makes all wild animals "dummel" in
provincial phrase,--i.e. stupid, slow to move.'--_Gamekeeper at
Home_, ch. vii.

=Dumbledore=, or =Dumble=. The Humble-bee (A.B.S.).--N. & S.W.

'Th' mak'st a noise like a dumbledore in a pitcher.'--_Wilts
Tales_, p. 68.

=Dumb Nettle=. _Lamium album_, L., White Dead-nettle.--S.W. (Charlton.)

=Dump=. (1) _n._ 'A treacle dump,' a kind of coarse sweetmeat.--S.W. (2) _v._ To blunt, as 'I've dumped my scythe against a stone.'--N.W. (3) A pollard tree, as 'Ash-dump,' or 'Willow-dump.'--N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)

=Dum-put=. See ~Dung-pot~.

=Dunch=. (1) Deaf (A.B.C.); now rarely so used. In _Cunnington MS._ said to be at that time the usual N. Wilts term for _deaf_.--N & S.W.

'Ah! Molly, ye purtends to be as dunch as a bittle, but I
kneows 'e hears ev'ry word I zays.'--_Wilts Tales_, p. 81.

(2) Stupid, heavy; now the common use. 'The wapses gets dunch' in late autumn. A labourer who can't be made to understand orders is 'dunch.'--N. & S.W. (3) Of bread, heavy (_Wild Life_, ch. vii). Cf. ~Dunch-dumpling.~--N. & S.W. ~Dunchy~ is frequently used in S. Wilts instead of ~Dunch~, but usually means deaf.

=Dunch-dumpling=. A hard-boiled flour-and-water dumpling (A.B.C.) See ~Dunch~ (3).--N.W.

=Dunch-nettle=, =Dunse-nettle=. (1) _Lamium purpureum_, L., Red Dead-nettle. ~Dunch~=stupid, inactive. Cf. ~Deaf-nettle~.--S.W. (2) _Lamium album_, L., White Dead-nettle.--S.W. (Barford.)

=Dung-pot=. A dung-cart (D.); rarely ~Dum-put~. See ~Pot~.--N. & S.W.

*=Dup=. 'To dup the door,' to open or unfasten it (_Lansd. MS._ 1033).--Obsolete. Cf. :--

'Then up he rose, and donn'd his clothes,
And dupp'd the chamber-door.'--_Hamlet_, iv. 5.

The word now means the very reverse.

=Dutch Elder=. _Aegopodium Podagraria_, L., Goutweed.--S.W. (Farley, &c.)

=Duther=, =Dutter=. See ~Dodder~.

=Ea-grass=. After-grass (D.); Lammas grass as well as aftermath.--S.W.

=Eass= (sometimes =Yees=). An earthworm.--S.W.

*=Edge-growed=. Of barley, both growing and ripening irregularly; the result of a want of rain after it is first sown (D.).

=Eel-scrade=. A kind of eel-trap.--S.W.

'A trap used to catch eels, placed near a weir. The water is
turned into the scrade when high, and the fish washed up to
a stage through which the water finds an outlet, the fish,
however, being retained on the platform by a piece of sloping
iron.'--F. M. WILLIS.

=Eel-sticher=. An eel-spear.--S.W.

'Wishing to secure [a Little Grebe] in summer plumage, I asked
the old "drowner" in our meadows to look out for one for
me--and this he very soon did, fishing one out from under the
water between the spikes of his eel-sticher, as it was diving
under the water.'--_Wilts Arch. Mag._ xxii. 193.

=Effet=, =Evet=. _Lissotriton punctatus_, the Newt (A.S.)--N. & S.W.

'She ... sometimes peered under the sage-bush to look at the
"effets" that hid there.'--_Great Estate_, ii.

=Eggs-and-Bacon=. _Linaria vulgaris_, Mill., Yellow Toadflax. Cf. ~Bacon-and-Eggs~.--N. & S.W.

*=Eggs-eggs=. Fruit of the hawthorn.--S.W. (Farley.)

*=Elet=. Fuel (H.Wr.). *~Ollit~ (Aubrey's _Wilts MS._).--N.W., obsolete.

=Elm=, =Helm=, or =Yelm=. (1) _v._ To make up 'elms.'--N. & S.W.

'Two or three women are busy "yelming," i.e. separating the
straw, selecting the longest and laying it level and parallel,
damping it with water, and preparing it for the yokes.'--_Wild
Life_, ch. vi.

(2) _n._ (Almost invariably pl.,'elms' being the usual form). Small bundles or handfuls of fresh straw, damped and laid out straight for the thatcher's use (_Wild Life_, ch. vi). See _Wilts Arch. Mag._ vol. xxii. p. 111. According to Prof. Skeat _yelm_, seldom now used in Wilts, is the correct form, from A.S. _gilm_, a handful. About Marlborough it is usually pronounced as _Yelms_, but at Clyffe Pypard there is not the slightest sound of _y_ in it. Elsewhere it is frequently pronounced as _Ellums_.--N. & S.W.

=Eltrot=. _Heracleum Sphondylium_, L., Cow-parsnip (S.). *~Altrot~ at Zeals.--S.W.

=Emmet=. The Ant (S.). 'Ant' is never used in Wilts.--N. & S.W.

=Emmet-heap=. An anthill.--N. & S.W.

=En=. (1) _pl. termination_, as ~Housen~, houses; ~Hipsen~, rose-berries; ~Keyn~, keys; ~Facen~, faces; ~Wenchen~, girls; ~Bluen~, blossoms; ~Naas'n~, nests (rarely heard, _Nestises_ being the usual form); ~Pigs'-sousen~, pigs'-ears.--N. & S.W.

'In North Wilts ... the formation of the Plural by affixing
_en_ to the Noun is almost universal, as house housen,
&c.'--_Cunnington MS._

(2) _adj. term._, as ~Harnen~, made of horn; ~Stwonen~, of stone; ~Elmin~, of elm wood, &c. '~Boughten~ bread,' baker's bread, as opposed to home-made. 'A ~dirten~ floor,' a floor made of earth, beaten hard. 'A ~tinnin~ pot.' 'A ~glassen~ cup.' ~Boarden~, made of boards; ~Treen-dishes~, wooden platters, &c. 'There's some volk as thinks to go droo life in glassen slippers.'--N. & S.W.

'Almost as universal too is the transformation of the
Substantive into an adjective by the same termination as ... a
Leatheren Shoe, an elmen Board, &c.'--_Cunnington MS._

(3) See ~Pronouns~.

'The pronoun Possessive too is formed in the same way, as hisn
hern Ourn theirn.'--_Cunnington MS._

=English Parrot=. _Picus viridis_, the Green Woodpecker (_Birds of Wilts_, p. 251).--S.W. (Salisbury.)

=Ether=, =Edder=. The top-band of a fence, the wands of hazel, &c., woven in along the top of a 'dead hedge,' or wattled fence, to keep it compact (A.B.). A 'stake and ether' fence. A.S. _edor_.--N.W.

'Mughall [Midghall] had nothing to doe withought [without]
the Eyther [hedge] between Bradene Lane and Shropshire
Marsh.'--1602, MS., _Perambulation of the Great Park of
Fasterne, N.W._, in Devizes Museum.

'An eldern stake and blackthorn ether
Will make a hedge to last for ever.'--_Wilts Saying_ (A.).

=Eve=. See ~Heave~.

=Even-ash=. Ash-leaves with an equal number of leaflets, carried by children in the afternoon of the 29th May (_Wild Life_, ch. v). See ~Shitsac~.--N.W.

=Evet=. See ~Effet~.

=Ex=, pl. =Exes=. An axle (S.).--N. & S.W.

=Eyles=. See ~Ailes~.

=F=. (1) _F_ for _th_. Examples :.--_Fust_, thirst; _afust_, athirst. An old characteristic of the Western and South-Western groups of dialect. (2) F, at the beginning of a word, is frequently sounded as _v_, as fall, _vall_; flick, _vlick_; font, _vant_.

=Fadge=. See ~Fodge~.

=Fag=. See ~Vag~.

=Faggot=, =Fakket=. (1) A woman of bad character is 'a nasty stinking faggot (or vaggot).' Often used in a milder sense, as 'You young vaggot! [you bad girl] what be slapping the baby vor?'--N. & S.W.

'Damn you vor a gay wench, vor that's what you be, an' no
mistake about it; a vaggot as I wun't hae in _my_ house no
longer.'--_Dark_, ch. xii.

(2) A rissole of chopped pig's-liver and seasoning, covered with 'flare': also known as ~Bake-faggot~.--N. & S.W.

'Tripe an mince meat,
Vaggots an pigs veet,
An blackpuddins stale, on which to regale.'--SLOW'S _Poems_, p. 26.

=Falarie=. Disturbance, excitement, commotion.--N. & S.W.

'"Look'ee here, there 've bin a fine falarie about you, Zur."
He meant that there had been much excitement when it was
found that Bevis was not in the garden, and was nowhere to be
found.'--_Wood Magic_, ch. ii.

'Used about Wilton, but not so extensively as its synonym
_rumpus_.'--_Letter from Mr. Slow._

=Fall about=. _v._ Of a woman: to be confined. 'His wife bin an' fell about laas' night.'--N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)

=Fall down=. Of arable land: to be allowed to relapse of itself into poor rough pasture.--N.W.

'Some of the land is getting "turnip-sick," the roots come
stringy and small and useless, so that many let it "vall
down."'--_Great Estate_, ch. i. p. 6.

=Falling=. _n._ A downfall of snow. 'I thenks we shall have some vallen soon.' Only used of snow.--N. & S.W.

=Falling-post=. The front upright timber of a gate. Occasionally heard at Huish; ~Head~, however, being the more usual term there.--N.W.

=Falsify=. Of seeds, young trees, &c.: to fail, to come to nought.--N.W.

=Fancy man=. A married woman's lover. 'He be Bill's wife's fancy man, that's what _he_ do be.'--N.W.

*=Fang=. To strangle; to bind a wounded limb so tightly as to stop the flow of blood (A.B.H.Wr.).

=Fantag=, =Fanteague=, &c. (1) _n._ Fluster, fuss. ~Fantaig~ (S.).--N. & S.W. (2) Vagaries or larks, as 'Now, none o' your fantaigs here!' At Clyffe Pypard, N.W., 'a regular fantaig' would be a flighty flirting lad or girl, a 'wondermenting or gammotty sort of a chap.'--N. & S.W.

*=Fardingale=. A quarter of an acre (H.Wr. _Lansd. MS._). The old form is _Farding-deal_ (Wr.). Compare _Thurindale_, &c.--Obsolete.

'1620. Itm, to the same Thomas & Nicholas Lea for theire helpe
to laye the Acres into ffarendells.'--_Records of Chippenham_,
p. 202.

'1649. Twoe ffarthendels of grasse.'--_Ibid._ p. 217.

=Farewell Summer=. The Michaelmas Daisy.--N. & S.W.

=Fashion=. The farcey, a disease in horses (A.H.Wr.). Fr. _farcin_.--N.W.

'An old Wiltshire farmer, when his grand-daughters appeared
before him with any new piece of finery, would ask what it all
meant. The girls would reply, "_fashion_, gran'váther!" when
the old man would rejoin, "Ha! many a good horse has died o'
th' fashion!"'--_Akerman._

=Favour=. To resemble in features, &c. 'He doesn't favour you, Sir.... He is his mother's own boy.'--N. & S.W.

=Featish=. Fair, tolerable (A.B.). Used of health, crops, &c. 'How be 'e ?' 'Featish, thank 'e.'--'There's a featish crop o' grass yander!' (A.). M.E. _fetis_ (in Chaucer), O.F. fetis, _faitis_.--N.W.

'The worthy farmer proceeded to ask how the children got on
at the Sunday-school. "Oh, featish, zur ... Sally, yander ...
her's gettin' on oonderful."'--_Wilts Tales_, pp. 139-140.

'"How's your voice?" "Aw, featish [fairish]. I zucked a
thrush's egg to clear un."'--_Greene Ferns Farm_, ch. i.

'"Ees, this be featish tackle," meaning the liquor was
good.'--_Ibid._ ch. vii.

'A' be a featish-looking girl, you.'--_Ibid._ ch. i.

*=Fern Buttercup=. _Potentilla Anserina_, L., Silverweed.--S.W. (Zeals.)

=Fess=. (1) Of animals: bad-tempered, fierce. A cat with its back up looks 'ter'ble fess.'--N. & S.W. (2) Cocky, impudent, confident. Also used in Hants.--S.W., occasionally. (3) Proud, stuck-up (S.).--S.W.

=Fet=. See ~Preterites~.

=Fevertory=. _Fumaria_, Fumitory, from which a cosmetic for removing freckles used to be distilled.--S.W.

'If you wish to be pure and holy,
Wash your face with fevertory.'--_Local Rhyme._

=Few=. 'A goodish few,' or 'a main few,' a considerable quantity or number.--N. & S.W.

'I ferrets a goodish few rabbits on bright nights in
winter.'--_Amateur Poacher_, ch. vii.

=Fiddle-strings=. The ribs of the Plantain leaf, when pulled out. See ~Cat-gut~.--N.W.

*=Field=. The space, or bay, between beam and beam in a barn, as 'a barn of four fields.' (D.).

=Figged= (_two syll._), =Figgedy=, =Figgetty=, =Figgy=. (1) Made with a few 'figs,' or raisins, as 'viggy pudden.' Figged Pudding, Plum pudding (_Monthly Mag._, 1814). Figgetty Pooden (S.).--N. & S.W. (2) ~Figged.~ Spotted all over, as a pudding is with plums.--S.W. A true-born Moon-raker, describing his first night in 'Lunnon,' where he made the acquaintance of numerous members of the 'Norfolk-Howard' family (_Cimex lectularius_), spoke of his face as being 'vigged aal auver wi' spots an' bumps afore marning.'

=Fighting-cocks=. _Plantago media_, L., and other Plantains. Children 'fight' them, head against head.--N.W.

=Filtry=. Rubbish. 'Ther's a lot o' filtry about this house.'--N.W.

=Fine=. Of potatoes, very small.--N.W.

=Fingers-and-Thumbs=. Blossoms of _Ulex Europaeus_, L., Common Furze (S.).--S.W.

*=Fire-deal=. A good deal (H.Wr.).

=Fire-new=, =Vire-new=. Quite new (A.)--N.W.

=Firk=. (1) To worry mentally, to be anxious; as 'Don't firk so,' or 'Don't firk yourself.' A cat does not _firk_ a mouse when 'playing' with it, but the mouse _firks_ grievously.--N.W. (Marlborough). (2) To be officiously busy or inquisitive, as 'I can't abear that there chap a-comin' firkin' about here.' A policeman getting up a case _firks about_ the place, ferreting out all the evidence he can.--N.W.

*=Fitten=. A pretence (A.B.).--Obsolete. Compare:

'He doth feed you with fittons, figments, and
leasings.'--_Cynthia's Revels._

=Fitty=. In good health. 'How be 'ee?' 'Ter'ble fitty.'--N.W.

*=Flabber-gaster=. _n._ Idle talk (S.).--S.W.

=Flag=. The blade of wheat.--N.W.

'The wheat was then showing a beautiful flag.... The flag is
the long narrow green leaf of the wheat.'--_Great Estate_, ch.
i. p. 8.

=Flake=. _n._ (1) A frame, barred with ash or willow spars, somewhat resembling a light gate, used as a hurdle where extra strength is needed (_Bevis_, ch. xii; _Wild Life_, ch. iv). 'Flake' hurdles are used to divide a field, or for cattle, the ordinary sheep hurdles being too weak for the purpose.--N.W. (2) _v._ To make 'flakes.'--N.W.

=Flamtag=. A slatternly woman.--N.W. (Huish, &c.)

=Flare=. (1) The flick, or internal fat of a pig, before it is melted down to make lard.--N. & S.W. (2) The caul, or thin skin of the intestines of animals, used for covering 'bake-faggots,' &c.--N. & S.W.

=Fleck=. See ~Flick~.

=Flews=. A sluice is occasionally so called. See ~Flowse~.--S.W.

=Flewy=. Of a horse, troubled with looseness. 'He's what we calls a flewy 'oss, can't kip nothing in 'im.' Cf. North of Eng. _Flewish_, morally or physically weak. In Hants a horse of weakly constitution is said to be _flue_ or _fluey_ (Cope).--N.W.

=Flick=, =Fleck=. (1) _n._ The internal fat of a pig (A.B.C.S.).--N. & S.W. *(2) _v._ To flare (S.).--S.W.

=Flig-me-jig=. A girl of doubtful character. 'Her's a reg'lar flig-me-jig.'--N.W.

=Flirk=. To flip anything about (H.Wr.), as a duster in flicking a speck of dust off a table (_Village Miners_). Flirt is the S. Wilts form of the word.--N.W.

*=Flitch=. (1) Pert, lively, officious (A.B.H.Wr.).

'Right flygge and mery.' _Paston Letters_, iv. 412.

*(2) To be _flick_ or _flitch_ with any one, to be familiar or intimate (C.).--N.W., obsolete.

=Flitmouse=. The bat. A shortened form of _Flittermouse_.--N.W. (Marlborough.)

=Flitters=. Pieces. A cup falls, and is broken 'aal to vlitters.'--N.W.

*=Floating= or =Flowing meadow=. A meadow laid up in ridges with water-carriages on each ridge and drains between (D.). A lowland meadow watered from a river, as opposed to Catch-meadow (_Annals of Agric._). ~Floted meadowes~ (Aubrey's _Nat. Hist. Wilts_, p. 51, ed. Brit.).

=Flod=. See ~Preterites~.

=Flop-a-dock=. _Digitalis purpurea_, L., Foxglove.--S.W. (Hants bord.)

=Floppetty=. _adj._ Of a woman, untidy, slatternly in dress or person. ~Flopperty~ (S.).--S.W.

=Flowing Meadows=. See ~Floating Meadows~.

=Flowse=. (1) _v. act._ You 'flowse,' or splash, the water over you in a bath.--N. & S.W. (2) _v. neut._ Water is said to be 'flowsing down' when rushing very strongly through a mill hatch. A horse likes to 'flowse about' in a pond.--S.W. (3) _n._ The rush of water through a hatch.--S.W. (4) _n._ Occasionally also applied to the narrow walled channel between the hatch gate and the pool below.--S.W.

=Flucksey=. _adj._ 'A flucksey old hen,' i.e. a hen who makes a great fuss over her chickens.--S.W. (Bishopstrow, &c.) Cope's _Hants Glossary_ has:--'_Flucks_, to peck in anger like a hen.'

=Flump=. 'To come down flump, like a twoad from roost,' to fall heavily (A.B.S.); also used alone as a verb, as 'Her vlumped down in thic chair.'--N. & S.W.

=Flunk=. A spark of fire; probably a form of ~Blink~, q.v. ~Vlonker~ (S.).--S.W.

=Flush=. *(1) _n._ Of grass, a strong and abundant growth (_Agric. of Wilts_, ch. xii). (2) _adj._ Of grass, &c., luxuriant.--N.W. (3) _adj._ Of young birds, fledged (A.B.).--N. & S.W.

=Flustrated=. (1) Taken aback, flustered.--N.W.

'A didn't zay anything ... but a looked a leetle flustrated
like.'--_Wilts Tales_, p. 119.

(2) Tipsy.--N.W.

=Fluttery=. Of weather, catchy, uncertain, showery. ''T ull be a main fluttery hay-making to-year, I warnd.'--N.W. (Huish.)

*=Fodder=. A labourer 'fodders' his boots--stuffs soft hay into them to fill up, when they are too large for him (_Village Miners_).

*=Fodge= (rarely =Fadge=). In packing fleeces of wool, when the quantity is too small to make up a full 'bag' of 240 lbs., the ends of the bag are gathered together as required, and the sides skewered over them, thus forming the small package known as a 'fodge.'--N.W.

=Fog=. _v._ To give fodder to cattle. Cf. Welsh _ffwg_, dry grass.--N. & S.W.

'_Fogging_, the giving of fodder ... from a Middle English root
... is common in Mid-Wilts.'--_Leisure Hour_, Aug. 1893.

=Fog off=. To damp off, as cuttings often do in a greenhouse.--N.W. (Marlborough.)

=Fogger=. A man who attends to the cows and takes them their fodder morning and evening (_My Old Village_, &c.). A groom or man-servant (H.Wr.), the duties of groom and fogger being usually discharged by the same man on farms about Marlborough.--N. & S.W.

*=Foldsail=, =Fossel=. A fold-shore (D.). See ~Sails~.--N.W.

'A fold stake, locally called a "fossle."'--_Wilts Arch. Mag._
xxi. 132.

'The "fossels" means the _fold-shores_, or the _stakes_ to
which the hurdles are shored up, and fastened with a loose twig
wreath at the top.'--_Ibid._ xvii. 304.

=Fold-shore=. A stake pitched to support a hurdle (D.H.).--S.W.

=Follow or Follow on=. To continue.--N.W.

'If you do want a good crop, you must _follow on_ a hoeing
o' the ground; but you can't do no hoeing so long as it do
_follow_ raining.'--_Wilts Arch. Mag._ vol. xxii. p. 111.

=Folly=. A circular plantation of trees on a hill, as 'Harnham Folly,' or 'The Long Folly' on Compton Down. This seems quite distinct from its more general use as applied to a tower or other building which is too pretentious or costly for its builder's position and means.--N. & S.W.

'"Every hill seems to have a Folly," she said, looking round.
"I mean a clump of trees on the top."'--_Greene Ferne Farm_,
ch. vi.

*=Foot-cock=. The small cock into which hay is first put (D.).

=Footy=. Paltry (A.B.), as a present not so large as was expected (_Village Miners_).--N.W.

=For=. Often affixed to the verbs _say_ and _think_. ''Tean't the same as you said for'; 'I bean't as old as you thinks for.'--N.W.

=Fore-eyed=. Fore-seeing, apt to look far ahead (S.).--S.W.

=Fore-spur=. A fore-leg of pork (S.).--S.W.

=Forefeed=, =Vorfeed=. To turn cattle out in spring into a pasture which is afterwards to be laid up for hay.--N.W.

=Foreright=, =Vorright=. (1) _adj._ Headstrong, self-willed. 'He's that vorright there's no telling he anything.'--N. & S.W. (2) _adj._ Blunt, rude, candid.--N.W. (Malmesbury.) (3) Just opposite. 'The geat's vorright thuck shard.'--N.W.

*=Forel=. The actual cover of a book, not the material in which it is bound. This is the usual term in Som. Old Fr. _fourrel_, a sheath, case.--N.W. (Malmesbury.)

=Fork=. The apparatus used by thatchers for carrying the elms up to the roof.--N.W.

=Forester=. (1) A New Forest horse-fly.--S.W. (2) Any very tall thistle growing among underwood.--N.W. (Marlborough.)

*=Fossel=. See ~Foldsail~.

=Fot=. See ~Preterites~.

=Frame= A skeleton. 'Her's nothing in the world but a frame.'--N.W.

*=Frea=, =Fry=. To make a brushwood drain (D.).

=Freglam=. Odds and ends of cold vegetables, fried up with a little bacon to give a relish. Compare Lanc. _Braughwham_, cheese, eggs, clap-bread, and butter, all boiled together.--N.W., obsolete.

*=French Grass=. _Onobrychis sativa_, L., Sainfoin.--N.W. (Enford.)

=Fresh liquor=. Unsalted hog's-fat (A).--N.W.

=Frickle=, =Friggle=. (1) To potter about at little jobs, such as an old man can do. 'I bain't up to a day's work now; I can't do nothing but frickle about in my garne.'--N. & S.W. (2) To fidget, to worry about a thing.--N.W.

'He freggled [fidgetted] hisself auver thuck paason as come a
bit ago.'--_Greene Ferne Farm_, ch. vii.

=Frickling=, =Friggling=. _adj._ Tiresome, involving much minute attention or labour. Used of fiddling little jobs.--N.W.

=Friggle=. _n._ A worrying little piece of work. 'I be so caddled wi' aal these yer friggles, I caan't hardly vind time vor a bit o' vittles.' See ~Frickle~.--N.W. (Huish.)

=Frith=. (1) _n._ 'Quick,' or young whitethorn for planting hedges.--N.W. *(2) _n._ Thorns or brush underwood (D).--N.W.