Chapter III: Peru (2)

David I. of Scotland, and the round-arched style, ii, 419.
A fosterer of monastic establishments, 421.
Bishopric and building founded by him, 425. 437.

Decorated style, _see_ Edwardian period.

Delft, churches at, ii, 207.

Delhi, i, 494.

Delos, Pelasgic masonry at, i, 245.
Column of temple, 260.

Denderah, i, 127.
Façade and Isis-headed columns of the temple, 142, 143.

S. Denis, abbey of, ii, 122. 154. 237. 266. 338. 371.

Denmark, church architecture in, ii, 318-321.
Round churches, 327-332.

Dêr-el-Bahree, Temple of, i, 131.
Arch at, 216.

Devenish, Ireland, round tower at, ii, 453. 454.

De Vogüé, Comte. _See_ Vogüé.

Diana, temple at Ephesus of, i, 256.
Dimensions, 258.
Remains of, 277.
Plan, arrangements, &c., _ibid._
Temple at Nîmes, 317, 318.

Diarbekr, i, 392.
The great mosque, 392-394.

Dieppe, church of St. Jacques at, ii, 160.

Diest, Belgium, boucherie at, ii, 204.

Dieulafoy (M.), Pasargadæ, i, 196;
Susa, 210-211;
Frieze of Archers, 210.

Dighour, Armenia, Byzantine church at; View, i, 467.
Plan, &c., 468.

Dijon, church of St. Benigne at, ii, 75. 95, 96. 508.
Notre Dame, 147.
Cathedral, 148.

Dinant, Notre Dame de, ii, 194.

Diocletian’s Palace at Spalato: Arcades, i, 314.
Idea suggested by its splendour and magnitude, 376.
Plan and dimensions, 377.
The Golden Gateway, 379.
General arrangement, 378.
Temples in the palace, 322, 323, 360. 378.
His baths at Rome, 344.

Diogenes, Tomb of, at Hass, i, 451.

Djemla, basilican church at, i, 509.

Dochiariu, Catholicon at, i, 459.
Plan, 459.

Dodona, or Dramyssus, theatre at, i, 280.

Doganlu, rock-cut monuments at, i, 232, 233.

Doge’s palace, Venice, ii, 16, 17.

Domes and domical buildings: Pelasgian, i, 244.
The Pantheon, 321.
Minerva Medica, 359-361.
Diagram of pendentives, 434.
Byzantine, 433-447.
Neo-Byzantine, 454-463.
Greek Byzantine, 459.
Mode of lighting domes, 454.
Armenian, 468.
Florence, 618.
Chiaravalle, 621.
Aquitaine, ii, 64-80.
Anjou, 83, 84.
St. Gereon, Cologne, 264.
Only true Gothic dome, 351.
Best modern specimen, 393 _note_.
Batalha, 507.
_See_ Circular churches.

Domestic Architecture; Egypt, i, 136.
Greece, 287.
Roman, 375.
Italian, ii, 10.
France, 182.
Belgium, 205.
Germany, 261. 298, 299.
England, 413.
Ireland, 457.
Turkish, 564.

Domitian, baths of, i, 343.

S. Donato. On the Murano, apse of, i, 571.
Zara, 603.

Donoughmore, Ireland, doorway in tower of, ii, 453.

Doors and doorways; Egyptian, i, 106.
Pelasgic, 245.
Firouzabad, 397.
Moscow, 493.
Naples, 598.
Palermo, ii. 25.
France: Maguelonne, 57.
Beauvais, 143.
Basle, 244.
Chemnitz, 294.
Gothland, 325, 326.
Lichfield, 405.
Rochester, 407.
Elgin, 430.
Linlithgow, 439.
Edinburgh, 440.
Pluscardine, 441.
Kildare, 455.
Early Irish, 458.
Lérida, 473.
Valencia, 501.
_See_ Bronze doors. Gates. Porches.

Dorians, character of the, i, 242.
Their “treasuries,” 243.

Doric temple, earliest known example of, i, 252.
Examples in Greece, _ibid._
In Sicily, 254.
Rationale of the application of the order, 259.
Columns, 260.
Material used, 262.
Sculpture and colours, 263.
Compared with the Ionic order, 264-266.
Roman examples, 308.
Columns of Victory, 353.

Dorpfield (Dr). Plan of Palace of Tiryns, i, 248.
Age of Temple of Theseus, 253.
On hypæthral temples, 272 _note_.
Greek Theatres, 281 _note_.

Dort, church at, ii, 207.

Dosseret (Impost block): Its Byzantine origin, i, 421. 523 _note_.
Examples, 439. 449. 523. 530. 532, 538. 549. 550.

Double churches, ii, 241-243. 256. 328.

Dramyssus, or Dodona, Greek theatre at, i, 280.
Plan, 280.

Drüggelte, circular church at, ii, 251.
Plan and model, 251.

Druidical trilithon, i, 26.

Dublin, English churches in, ii, 443.
Cathedral, 444.

Dugga, near Tunis, ancient tomb at, i, 371.
View, 372.

Dunblane, ii, 438.

Dunfermline, porch at, ii, 437. 439.

Dunkeld, window at, ii, 438.

Durability, i, 18.

Durham Cathedral: Plan, ii, 348.
Vault, 348. 356.
Towers, 385.
Site, 388.
Chapter-house, 390.
_See_ 417. 438.

Dutch architecture, ii, 206-208.

Dyer Abou Taneh, church, i, 510.

Earl’s Barton, Saxon church at, ii, 341.
Window, 342.

Early styles in England, epoch of, ii, 337.

East, advantage to inquirers of the immutability of manners and customs
in the, i, 182.

Echternach, abbey church of, ii, 238.

Edfû, temple at, i, 140.
Its arrangements, dimensions, &c., 140.

Edinburgh, church doorway at, ii, 440.
Aisle in Trinity College church, _ibid._ 442.
Holyrood and the castle, 440.

Edmund, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii, 155.

Edward I., monumental crosses erected by, ii, 412.

Edward II., shrine or tomb of, ii, 410.

Edward III., ii, 122. 128.
His tomb, 408. 409.

Edward the Black Prince, tomb of, ii, 408.

Edwardian period of English architecture, ii, 338.
Combination which led to its perfection, 338.
Desire of the period, 375.
Scottish example, 437.

Eger, double church at, ii, 241 _note_, 242.

Eginwald, Biographer of Charlemagne, ii, 213. 220.

Eglinton tournament, system carried out in the, i, 12.

Egypt, architecture of, i, 22. 29. 35. 62.
Chronology of its dynasties, 90.
Historical facts bearing on the subject, 92, 93.
Paintings and sculpture, 94. 108.
Its architecture our sole source of knowledge of its people, 95.
Their proficiency as mathematicians and builders, 98.
Architecturally historic value of the sculptured lists of kings, 129.
Side of the Nile preferred for sepulture, 136.
Domestic architecture of the great Theban period: existing examples,
136, 137.
Periods of decline and revival of the arts; limited influence thereon
of foreign domination, 139, 140.
Gradual degradation of the people: their essential characteristic,
144.
Alleged parent state, 147.
First users of stone, 194.
Architectural feature neglected by them, 201.
Object of contention with Phrygia, 229.
Principle despised by them, ii, 180.
_See_ Obelisks. Pyramids. Rock-cut temples. Thebes.

Egyptian mosques, _see_ Cairo.

Eitelberger (Prof.) Parenzo, i, 537 _note_.

Eleanor, Queen of Edward I., monumental crosses to, ii, 412.

Elegance and sublimity, distinctive features of, i, 26.

Elephantine, Mammeisi at, i, 132.

Elgin Cathedral, windows of, ii, 419.
Its date, 431.
Views, plan, &c., 429-431.

El-Hakeem, ii, 33.
Sanctuary rebuilt by him, 545.

Elis, temple of Jupiter at, i, 16.

Elizabeth of Germany, residence of, ii, 258.
Church dedicated to her, 267.

Elizabethan period, architecture of the, ii, 339.
State of the country, _ibid._

Elne, Provence, cloisters at, ii, 63.
Capitals, 62.

S. Eloi, church of, at Espalion, ii, 79.

Eltham palace; roof, ii, 415.
Hall, 416.

Ely Cathedral, ii, 349.
Choir and presbytery, 349. 369.
Effect of the new reredos, 349 _note_.
Plan, 351.
Octagon, 352. 382. 387.
East end, 373.
Site, 388.
Lantern, 393.
Chapel, 394. 396.
Tomb of Bishop West, 408.
Bishop Redman’s, 411.
Dimensions, &c., 417.

Emanuel the Fortunate, tomb-house of, ii, 508.
Convent founded by him, 509.

England, an architectural difficulty surmounted only in, ii, 68.
Introduction of the Pointed style, 131. 371.
Bold transepts why required, 270.
Abiding love of the people for Gothic art, 335.
Multiplicity of works on the national architecture; space allotted to
it in this work, 336.
Epochs of its history, 337.
Saxon architecture, 341.
Dominating feature in the plans of our cathedrals, 345.
Vaults, 355.
Pier arches, 367.
Window tracery, 371.
External proportions, 379.
Diversity of style, 386.
Situation, 387.
Chapter-houses, 388.
Chapels, 393.
Parish churches, 397.
Details, doorways, &c., 401.
Tombs, 408.
Crosses, 412.
Civil and domestic architecture, 413.
Comparative table of cathedrals, 417.
English influence in Ireland, 443. 458.
_Cathedrals_: _See_ Bristol. Canterbury. Carlisle. Chichester.
Coventry. Durham. Ely. Exeter. Gloucester. Hereford. Lichfield.
Lincoln. Norwich. Oxford. St. Paul’s. Peterborough. Salisbury.
Wells. Westminster. Winchester. York.

Ephesus, i, 229.
Temple, _see_ Diana.

Erechtheium, the, i, 39.
Its perfectness as a sample of Greek art, 255.
Column and cornice, 264.
Caryatides, 268.
Mode of lighting, 276.
Its threefold aspect, 276.
Plan, section, and view, 274-276.

Erfurt Cathedral, and church of St. Severus, ii, 290.
View and peculiar features of the latter, _ibid._

Ermeland, or Eastern Prussia, brick buildings of, ii, 307.

Ermet, the ancient Hermonthis, i, 510.

Erzeroum, Hospital of Oulou Diami at, ii, 570.
Interior, _ibid._

Esarhaddon, palace of, i, 184.

Esslingen, church at, ii, 276.

Estremadura, chapel at Humanejos in, ii, 498.

Etchmiasdin, legendary occasion of the four churches at, i, 472.

Ethiopians, probable parent-stock of the, i, 147.
Most remarkable of their monuments, 148.
Their mode of preserving their dead, 149.
Arches, 217.

Ethnology and Ethnography, as applied to architecture, i, 52.
Importance of Archæology as an adjunct, 53.
Characteristics of various races and ages, 55-83. [_See_ Aryans.
Celtic races. Semitic races. Turanian races.]
Conclusion, 83-85.
Ethnological considerations bearing on the architecture of France,
ii, 39-44.

Eton, ii, 414.

Etruscans, mounds of the, i, 16.
Parallels in Asia Minor, 230.
Certainty of their existence, 289.
Their probable origin; permanence of their influence on Roman art,
290, 291.
Only example of their temples, 292.
Their civil buildings, skill in engineering, &c., 293.
Shapes and classification of their rock-cut tombs, 294, 295.
Numerousness of their tumuli, 296.
Prominent examples, 297, 300.
Tomb of Aruns, 300.
Their use of the arch, 300, 301. 306.

Euphrasius, Bishop, basilica built by, i, 536.

Evreux Cathedral, ii, 149.
Circular window, 166.

Exeter Cathedral: Vault, ii, 358.
Bay, 370.
Choir, 371.
Western entrance, 385.
Bishop Marshall’s tomb, 405.
Dimensions, &c., 417

Eyub, mosque of, ii, 558.

Ezekiel, tomb of, ii, 569.
View, _ibid._

Ezra, in the Hauran, Byzantine church at, i, 438.

Façades: Paris, i, 30.
Denderah, 142.
Jerusalem, 368. 370.
Tourmanin, 427.
Sta. Sophia, 442.
Novara, 563.
Piacenza, 568.
Verona, 571.
Troja, 591.
Siena, 615.
Ferrara, 632.
Venice, ii, 16.
Belem, 510.

Falaise, castle of, ii, 185.

Falkland Castle, ii, 440.

Fanal de Cimetière, and the Irish round tower, ii, 450.

Fano, basilica built by Vitruvius at, i, 334.

Fellows, Sir Charles, his Lycian investigations, i, 233, 237.

Ferdinand and Isabella, sepulchral chapel of, ii, 494.

Ferrara, the Duomo at, i, 632.
Façade, 632.
Palazzo Pubblico, ii, 10.

Fez, towers of, ii, 550.

Fire temples of the Persians, i, 212.

Firouzabad, palace at, i, 397.
Plan, doorway, _ibid._
External walls, 398.
Internal arrangement, _ibid._
Date, 401 _note_.

Flamboyant style, its faults and beauties, ii, 165. 376. 379.
Introduced into Scotland, 419.

Flaminian Way, i, 347.

Flanders, _see_ Belgium.

Flanders, French, ii, 44.

Flavian amphitheatre, Rome, _see_ Colosseum.

Florence, baptistery at, i, 552.
San Miniato, 584-586. 596.
Cathedral (St. Mary, or Sta. Maria dei Fiori), proportion of solids
to area, ii, 179.
Left unfinished, i, 619.
Plan, 617.
Dome and nave, 618.
Flank, 619.
SS. Croce and Maria Novella, 631.
San Michele, 633.
Giotto’s campanile, ii, 7.
Palazzo Vecchio, 10.
_See_ i, 500. 553. 579. 624. 629. 631. ii, 8.

Folö, Gothland, church at, ii, 326.
Interior, 324.

Fontevrault, plan of church at, ii, 84.
Chevet and bay, 84.

Fontifroide, church at, ii, 56.
Section, 56.
Cloisters, 61.
_See_ 91. 435.

Form in Architecture, principles of, i, 25.

Fortified churches in France.
_See_ Maguelonne. Royat.

Fortuna Virilis, temple of, i, 317.

Foscari palace, Venice, ii, 19.

Fougères, town walls of, ii, 186.

Fowler (Charles) on Maulbronn, ii, 236 _note_.

France, Roman arches in, i, 348-350.
Roman column at Cussi, 353.
Diversity and ultimate fusion of races, architectural provinces, &c.,
ii, 39-44.
Architecture of the northern division, 104.
Progress in Central France, 108.
Great architectural epoch of the nation, 120-122.
Gothic cathedrals, 130.
Painted glass; External sculptures, 141-142.
Collegiate churches, 153-159.
Details: Pillars, 161.
Windows, 163.
Circular windows, 165.
Bays, 167.
Vaults, 169.
Buttresses, 171.
Pinnacles, 174.
Spires, 175.
Lanterns, Corbels, &c., 177.
Construction, 179.
Church furniture, 180.
Domestic architecture; town-halls, 182.
Houses, 183.
Castellated buildings, &c., 184.
Fortified town walls, 186.
French forms in English edifices, 353. 371.
Styles of the two countries compared, 355. 367. 379. 386. 401.
French styles in Scotland, 419.
In Spain, 462. 485.
Examples of the styles of the various provinces, _see_ Anjou.
Aquitania. Auvergne. Burgundy. Frankish Province. Normandy.
_Cathedrals_: _See_ Alby. Amiens. Angers. Angoulême. Autun. Auxerre.
Avignon. Bayeux. Bazas. Beauvais. Besançon. Bordeaux. Bourges.
Chartres. Coutances. Dijon. Evreux. Laon. Limoges. Lisieux. Lyons.
Nevers. Notre Dame, Paris. Noyon. Orleans. Poitiers. Rheims.
Rouen. Sens. Soissons. Toul. Toulouse. Tours.
Troyes. Vienne.
_See_ also ii, 264. 266. 377. 386.

Frankish Province, France, birthplace of the true Gothic Pointed style,
ii, 104.
Frankish Architecture, 120.

Franks, Mr., suggestion by, i, 69 _note_.

Frauenburg, brick church at, ii, 307.

Frederick II., castle built by, i, 606.

Freemasonry, its origin, rationale, &c., ii, 125-129.
Its influence on German architecture, 129. 280.

Freiburg in the Breisgau, cathedral of, ii, 138. 195. 273.
View, 274.
Details, 275.

Freiburg on the Unstrutt, double chapel at, ii, 241 _note_, 243.

Freshfield, Dr., triple apses, i, 447 _note_.

Freshford, Kilkenny, doorway at, ii, 448.

Friuli, vaulted chapel at, i, 559.

Fulda, original cathedral of, ii, 220.
Circular church, 251.

Furnes, Belgium, belfry of, ii, 200.

Gaeta, tower at i, 601. 604.

Gaillard, castle of, ii, 185.

Gainsborough Abbey, ii, 374.

Galatina, i, 595.

S. Gall, ancient plan of monastery found at, and details of same, ii,
213-216. 235, 236.

Galla Placidia, alleged sarcophagus of, i, 552 _note_.
Her tomb, its peculiar form, polychromatic decorations, &c., 434.
553.
View of interior, 435.

Gallerus, oratory of, ii, 457.

Galway, ancient house in, ii, 458.

Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, tomb of, ii, 408.

Gates and Gateways: Assyrian, i, 181.
Pelasgic, 245-247.
Arpino, 301.
Ctesiphon, 399.
Jerusalem, 449, 450.
Moscow, 498.
Bristol, ii, _see_ Doors. Golden Gateways.

“Gates” of the Bible, i, 202.

Gates of Justice, i, 350.

Gebweiler, cathedral of, ii, 240.

Geddington, cross at, ii, 412.

Gelathi, Armenia, capital at, i, 477.

Gelnhausen, palace at, ii, 256.
Arcade, 256, 257.
Its chief features, 257.
Particulars and view of the church, 266.

S. Geneviève, Paris, i, 24.

Geology, importance of Palæontology in the study of, i, 53, 54.

S. George, Cologne, ii, 238.

S. George’s Hall, Liverpool, i, 346 _note_.

S. Gereon, Cologne, ii, 264-266;
an English parallel to, 398.
_See_ Cologne.

Gerizim, Mount, Justinian’s Church on, i, 432.

S. Germain des Prés, Paris, in its original state, ii, 121.

Germany, round-arched Gothic style of, i, 23.
Character of its races, ii, 40. 209.
Effect of Freemasonry, 128. 210.
Claim as to the Pointed style, 211.
Leading characteristics of the Round style, 211, 212.
Basilicas, 213-240.
Double churches, 241-243.
Noteworthy peculiarities in German Gothic, 244.
Circular and polygonal churches, 247-254.
Domestic architecture, Romanesque style, 255-263.
Ecclesiastic examples, Pointed style, 264-291.
Foible of German masons, 275.
Circular churches (Pointed style) church furniture, civil
architecture, 292-306.
Races and building materials of Baltic Provinces, 302.
Examples of brick architecture, 302-309.
A trick of its architects, 422.
German artists brought to Moscow, i, 493.
_See_ ii, 357. 380. 413. 461.

Gernrode, basilican church at, ii, 220-222.

Gerona, Spain, vault in the cathedral at, ii, 367.
Plan, 488.
Interior, 489.
Arcade, 503.

Ghazan Khan, mosque founded by, ii, 571, 572.

Ghazni, ii, 454 _note_.

Ghengis Khan, ii, 571.

Ghent, ii, 188.
Church of St Bavon, 198.
Belfry, 200.
Town-hall, 202.
Cloth-hall and boatmen’s lodge, 204.

Ghibellines and Guelfs; influence of their quarrels on Italian
architecture, i, 608.

Gibel Barkal, temples and pyramids at, i, 147-149.

S. Gilles, church of, ii, 52. 58.
Prototype of St Mark’s, Venice, façade, i, 534.

S. Giorgio in Velabro, Roman basilican church, its date, i, 515.

Giotto, campanile designed by, ii, 7.

S. Giovanni a Porta Latina, Roman basilican church, its date, i, 515.

Giralda, Seville, dimensions of the, ii, 550.
View, _ibid._

Gizeh, Pyramids at, _see_ Pyramids.

Gladiatorial exhibitions at Rome, i, 337.

Glasgow Cathedral, ii, 424-428.

Glass, painted, _see_ Painted glass.

Glendalough, seven churches at, ii, 446.
St. Kevin’s Kitchen, 449.
Its date, _ibid._
Window, 455.

Gloucester Cathedral, ii, 355.
Choir, 361, 362.
Cloister, 363.
Nave, 369.
Western entrance, 385.
Anomalies of style, 387.
Site, 388.
Chapter-house, 390.
Tomb of Edward II., 410.

Golden Gateways: Spalato, i, 379.
Jerusalem, 449, 450.

Göllingen, horseshoe-arch, crypt at, ii, 238, 239.

Gonse (M. Louis) on L’art Gothique, ii, 122 _note_.

Gorlitz, Petri Kirche at, ii, 291.

Goslar, Imperial Palace, ii, 256.
Church, 230.
Chapel, 241 _note_.

Gothic architecture; source of its beauty, i, 14.
Massiveness, 17.
French and English peculiarities contrasted, 22, 23.
Proportion: naves, aisles, towers, spires, 29-31.
Carved ornaments, 34, 35.
Painted glass and sculpture, 37.
Symmetry, how far regarded, 39.
Imitation of Nature, 42.
Effect of fifteenth-century enthusiasm, 43.
Conclusion arrived at by the clergy, 47.
Compared with Egyptian architecture, 145.
Element of superiority in Roman roofs, 331.
Roman peculiarities employed and improved upon, _ibid._
Cause of its decadence, 388.
An oasis of Gothic art, 410.
Regions peopled by the Gothic tribes: True application of the term,
412.
Stone vaults and wooden roofs, their accessories and their dangers,
540. 547. ii, 47.
Gothic invasion of Italy, 558.
Lombard and Round-arched style, 558-581.
Pointed Italian, 607-634. ii, 1-22. [_See_ Italy.]
Sicilian Pointed style, 22-31.
The style in Palestine, 32-38.
Inventors of the true pointed style, 104.
Progress under the French kings, 120-122. [_See_ France.]
Introduction of painted glass, 124.
Abiding love for the style in England, 335.
Edwardian period, 338.
Culmination under the Tudors, 339.
English examples, 345-417. [_See_ England.]
Scottish examples, 418-442. [_See_ Scotland.]
Ireland, 443-459.
Period of its prevalence in Spain, 462.
Spanish examples, 464-506. [_See_ Spain.]
Portugal, 507-511.
_See_ i, 501.

Gothem (Gothland) Church, ii, 326.
Interior, 323.

Gothland, interest attaching to the architecture of, ii, 321.
Occasion of the early prosperity of its capital, _ibid._
Its churches; early pointed examples, 322-327.
Round churches, 327-332.

Gouda, painted glass at, ii, 207.

Grado, Duomo at, i, 537.
St. Marie delle Grazie, 537, 538.

Granada, expulsion of the Moors from, ii, 497. 556.
_See_ 547.

Granson, church at, ii, 219.

Great Leighs Church, Essex, spire of, ii, 398.

Greece, Byzantine churches in, i, 459-463.

Greeks, architecture of the, i, 11.
Their non-employment of the arch, 22.
Use of proportion, 29.
Of ornament, 32.
Borrowings from the Assyrians, 33. 35. 154.
Uniformity and symmetry, 39.
Immigration of the Aryans and Pelasgi, 75.
Results of Pelasgic influences, 81 _note_.
Their indebtedness to the Egyptians, 132. 257.
Points in which they surpassed them, 145.
Their theory as to Egyptian civilization, 147.
Essential differences between them and the Romans, 241. 289, 290.
Chronological memoranda, 240.
Sources of their language, arts, religion, &c., 241.
Short period comprehended in their great history, 242.
Dimensions of their temples, 258.
System of proportion employed, 261.
Forms of their temples, i, 269-272.
Suggested mode of lighting them, 272-276.
Their municipal architecture, 279.
Theatres, 280.
Tombs, 281-284.
Domestic architecture, 287.
Period of art development in their nation, 289.
Result of their repulse of their invaders, 290.
Their style of decoration adopted at Pompeii, 382-385.
Work of Greek architects in Russia, i, 481, 488, 491. _See_ Pelasgi.
Greek Orders of Architecture, _see_ Corinthian. Doric. Ionic.

Greensted, Essex, wooden church at, ii, 342.

S. Gregory, legend of the appearance of the Saviour to, i, 472.

Guildhall, London, ii, 413.

Guimaraens, Portugal, ii, 511.

Gutschmid’s Chaldean researches, i, 151.

Hadrian, remains of temple built by, i, 318. 323.
Triumphal arches, 348.
His famous tomb, or ‘Mole,’ 356. 362.
Columns thereof, 320.

Hagby, Sweden, round church at, ii, 331.

Hakeem, Caliph, Sanctuary built by, ii, 545.

Hal, Notre Dame de, ii, 194.

Halberstadt Cathedral, ii, 287.
Liebfrauen Kirche, 236.

Halicarnassus, i, 229.
Mausoleum at, 282-284.

Hall, Sir James, theory of, ii, 294.

Hamburg, ii, 309.

Hameln, church at, ii, 230.

Hammer-beam roofs, ii, 415.

Hampton Court, ii, 416.

Hannington Church, Northamptonshire, ii, 324 _note_.

Hanover, church tower at, ii, 307.

Haroun al-Rashid, absence of proofs of the magnificence of, ii, 567.
Splendour of his court, _ibid._

Hasbeiya, remains at, ii, 525.

Hass, Central Syria, tomb at, i, 451.

Hassan, Sultan, mosque of, ii, 531-533.

Hastings, battle of, its architectural result, ii, 413.

Hatshepsu, obelisks erected by, i, 135.

Hauran, effect of the Mahomedan conquest on the buildings in the, i,
447.

Hawara Pyramid, i, 112.

Hebdomon (Constantinople), palace of, i, 464, 465.
Elevation, 464.

Hebron, mosque at, ii, 37.
Plan, 38.

Hechlingen, church at, ii, 239.

Heckington Church, canopy over sedilia, ii, 406.

Heeren’s notion of the ruins at Wady el-Ooatib, i, 149.

Height, disproportionate, its effect, ii, 59, 60.

Heiligenstadt, Anna chapel at, ii, 292.

Heisterbach, abbey church of, ii, 238.
Cloisters, ii, 261.

Hejira, events of the first century of the, ii, 512.

S. Helena, Constantine’s mother, tomb of, i, 357. 542. 544.
Sections and elevation, 358.
Church built by her, ii, 222. 267. i, 419.

Heliopolis, beautiful obelisk at, i, 111. 135.

Henry III., choir rebuilt by, ii, 374.

Henry VII.’s chapel, French and German parallels to, ii, 160. 283. 353.
494.
Aisle, 364.

Herculaneum, theatre at, i, 335.

Hereford Cathedral, lancet window in, ii, 372. 374.

Herod’s Temple at Jerusalem, i, 227, 228.
Plan and view restored, 225, 226.
Type of the Expiatory Stele erected by him, i, 239.
His tomb, 368.
_See_ 498.

Herodotus on the tumulus of Alyattes, i, 230.

Hersfeld Church, ii, 230.

Hierapolis, Byzantine churches at, i, 430, 431.

Hildesheim, St. Michael’s church at, plan and interior, ii, 225.
Description, 226.

Hindus, proverbial objection to the arch by the, i, 22. 217.

Hitterdal, Norway, wooden church at; Plan, ii, 332.
View, 333.

Hoäte Church, Gothland, doorway of, ii, 326.

Hogarth’s pictures, i, 4.

Hohenstaufens, architectural period of the, ii, 237.
Remains of their palaces, castles, &c., 256. 413. i, 606.

Holland, race indigenous to, and architecture of, ii, 206-208.

Holyrood Chapel, its date, ii, 437. _See_ 440.

Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem, Church of the, ii, 33-36.

Homer’s architectural descriptions, i, 247.
Religion of his poem, 249.

Honeyman, Mr. John, drawings by, ii, 435 _note_.

Honeysuckle ornament, i, 258. 264.

Hope, Mr. Beresford, point asserted by, ii, 156 _note_.

Horseshoe arches. Takt-i-gero, i, 406.
Dana, 468.
Dighour, 469.
Göllingen, ii, 238.
Kerouan, 540.

Horse tent, Nimroud, i, 190.

Hoskins, Mr., pyramids figured by, i, 148.
His Ethiopian researches, 215.

Huelgas, ii, 498.
Cloister of the, 502.

S. Hugh, of Lincoln, architectural debt due to, ii, 358.

Hugo, Victor, an axiom of, ii, 141.

Humanejos, chapel at, ii, 498.

Husein Shah, Madrissa of, ii, 577, 578.

Huy, Notre Dame de, ii, 194.

Ibn Tooloon, mosque of, ii, 527.
View, 528.
Window, 529.
Minarets, 530.

Ibrim in Nubia, basilican church at, i, 510.

Igel, near Trèves, Roman monument at, i, 362.

Ilescas, tower at, ii, 499.

Ilissus, Ionic temple on the, i, 255. 274.

Illahun Pyramid, i, 113.

Imumzade, palace of, i, 407.

Ingelheim, Charlemagne’s palace at, ii, 256.

Inkerman, cave at, i, 482.

Inner Temple Hall, ii, 415.

Innisfallen, Celtic church or oratory at, ii, 447.
View, _ibid._

Iona, ii, 419. 439.
Window, 441.

Ionian colonies, i, 229.

Ionic order, origin of the, i, 154. 237, 238.
Result of recent discoveries: oldest and finest examples, 255.
Temples of Juno, Diana, Apollo, and at Pergamon, 256, 257.
Compared with the Doric order, 264.
Columns and cornices, 264, 265.
Carving, colour, masonry, &c., 265.
Use of the order by the Romans, 309.

Ipsamboul, rock-cut temple at, i, 130.

Ireland, scroll work at New Grange in, i, 245 _note_.
Character of its early architecture: source of the anti-Saxon
feeling, ii, 443.
Examples of its architecture, 444-459.

Iron as a building material, i, 21.

Irrigation, proficiency of the Turanian races in, i, 63.

St. Isaac’s at St. Petersburg, redeeming feature in the design of, i,
20.

Isis-headed or Typhonian capitals, i, 35, 127. 143.

Ispahan, works of Shah Abbas at, ii, 575.
The Maidan Shah and its accompanying buildings, 575. 577.
Sultan Husein’s Madrissa, 578.
Char Bagh, 579.
View of palace, 580.

Issoire, chevet church at: Plan, ii, 89.
Elevation and section, 90.

Italy, ethnographic history of art in, i, 289.
Adaptation of circular buildings left by the Romans, 543.
Introductory notice; Division and classification of styles, i, 500.
Lombard and round-arched Gothic, 558.
Examples, 559-581.
Byzantine Romanesque and other phases of the Byzantine style,
582-605.
Pointed Gothic: effect of the disputes of factions, 607.
Sources of difference between Italian Gothic and that of other
peoples, 608.
Examples, 610-634.
Circular buildings, ii, 1.
Towers, 2.
Porches, 8.
Civic buildings, 10.
Moulded bricks, 13.
Windows, 14. 19.
Palestine, why treated as (architecturally) a part of Italy, ii, 32.
_See_ Amalfi. Asti. Bari. Bittonto. Bologna. Brindisi. Byzantine.
Ferrara. Florence. Friuli. Lucca. Mantua. Milan. Naples. Novara.
Orvieto. Padua. Palestine. Pavia. Piacenza. Pisa. Prato. Rome.
Sicily. Siena. Toscanella. Venice. Vercelli. Verona. Vicenza.

Ivan III, and Ivan the Terrible, churches built by, i, 492.

Jackson (Mr. T. G.), Dalmatia and Istria, i, 536-538.
Trau, Jak, 590.
Ragusa, ii, 21.

Jaina, i, 371.
Parallel to its style in Ireland, ii, 456.

Jak, Hungary, church at, i, 590.

S. James, sepulchre of, i, 368. 370.

Jedburgh Abbey, mixed style at, ii, 419.
Pier-arch, 421.
Their peculiarity, 422.

Jerpoint Abbey, tower and battlements of, ii, 457.

Jerusalem, chief feature of admiration in the Temple of, i, 19.
Earliest Temple, or Tabernacle, 222, 223.
Solomon’s Temple, 65. 68. 201.
Source of its splendour, 223.
Its dimensions and plan, 222, 223.
Ornaments and accessories of metal, 224.
Subsequent rebuildings: Herod’s Temple, 225.
Author’s drawing of the same, 226.
Its magnitude and magnificence, 227.
Cognate temples, 228.
Constantine’s Basilicas, 420.
The Golden Gateway, 449.
The Gate Huldah, 450.
Bassi-relievi on the Arch of Titus, 348.
Rock-built tombs: Herod’s, Zechariah’s, 368.
Absalom’s, the Judges’, 369.
Result of the Crusades, ii, 32.
Churches of SS. Anne, Marie la Grande, Marie Latine, and the
Madeleine, 36.
Church of the Holy Sepulchre, ii, 33-36.
“Dome of Rock,” or Mosque of Omar, 520-522.
Mosque el-Aksah (Abd el-Melik’s), 517-519.
Fountains, 525.

Jews, period of the Exode of the, i, 93.
_See_ Jerusalem. Semitic races.

John, King of Portugal, church founded by, ii, 507.

S. John Lateran, Roman basilican church built, i, 515.
Present state, 521.
Original founder, _ibid._
Cloister, 599.

S. John, Ravenna, baptistery of, i, 547.
Knights of St. John at Brindisi, 599.

Jones, Owen, reproduction of the Alhambra Court of Lions by, ii, 553
_note_.

Josephus, fragment of Manetho preserved by, i, 92, 93. [_See_ Manetho.]
His idea of Solomon’s palace, 221.

Judah, alleged tombs of the kings of, i, 368 _note_.

Judea, architecture of, _see_ Jerusalem.

Judges, tomb of the, i, 369.
Façade, 370.

Jumièges, Norman church at, ii, 111. 114.

Juno, temple at Samos of, i, 256.
Dimensions, 258.

Jupiter, temples of, at Elis, i, 16.
Olympia, 253.
Agrigentum, 258. 271. 273.

Jupiter Ammon, alleged ruins of a temple of, i, 149.

Jupiter Capitolinus, Etruscan temple to, i, 292. 315.

Jupiter Olympius, Athens, temple of, i, 257.
Dimensions, 257. 323.
School to which it belongs, 267.
Plan and view of its ruins, 324.

Jupiter Stator, temple of, i, 34. 310. 311.
Its form and dimensions, 315, 316.

Jupiter Tonans, temple of, i, 316.

Justinian’s Church at Bethlehem, i, 419.
His boast on the completion of the mosque of Sta. Sophia, 440.
Church in Armenia ascribed to him, 469.

Kaabah at Mecca, i, 65; ii. 514. 516. 536, 537.
Persian Kaabahs, i, 212.

Kahun, Town of, i, 113, 114.
Plan of houses, 113.

Kaitbey, mosque and tomb of, ii, 534.
View, 535.

Kalabscheh, rock-cut temple at, i, 131.
Roman temple: Plan, 143.
Section, 144.

Kalaoon, mosque of, ii, 531.

Kalat Sema’n, Syria, church and monastery at, i, 422, 423.
Double church, section and plan, 433.

Kallundborg, Denmark, peculiarly formed church at, ii, 321.
View, 320.

Kampen, church at, ii, 207.

Kangovar, temple at, i, 228. 324.

Karlsburg Cathedral, ii, 210.

Karnac, chief feature of the Hypostyle Hall at, i, 17.
Its dimensions, 24. 122.
Original founder of the Temple, 111.
Its successive accretions, great magnitude, &c., 122-124.
The South Temple, 127.
Parallel to the Hypostyle Hall, 123. _See_ ii, 553.

Kells, Ireland, ii, 449.
Ancient Cross, 459.

Kelso Abbey Church, ii, 422.
Norman arches, 422.

Kenilworth Hall, ii, 416.

Kerouan, Great mosque of, ii, 538-540.
Plan, 538.
Entrance, 539.

Kertch, tumuli near, i, 481.

Khafra, Pyramid of, i, 97-99.
Temple of, 107, 108.

Khasné, or treasury of Pharaoh: View i, 364.
Section and description, 365.

Khiva, ii, 581.
View of palace, 581.

Khorsabad, explorations at, i, 154.
Temple exhumed by M. Place, 161.
Elevation of Observatory, 162.
Plan of, _ibid_.
Situation of the city, 172.
Plans of the Palace, 171. 176.
Restorations by the Author, 176. 178.
Peculiar ornamentation, 180.
Discovery of the city gates, 181.
Plan of gateway, 180.
Elevation of, 181.
Remains of propylæa, 173.
Sculptured view of a pavilion, 187.
Example of the arch, 215.

Khosru (Nushirven), daring building feat of, i, 398.

Khufu (or Cheops), the proved founder of the Great Pyramid, i, 102.
Alleged repairer of the Sphinx, 108 _note_.

Kief, architects of churches at, i, 484.
Churches: Dessiatinnaya, and SS. Basil and Irene, 486.
Cathedral (Sta. Sophia), 486, 487. 493.
Other churches, 488.
Immense number thereof, 489.

Kieghart, Armenia, rock-cut church at, i, 483.

Kilconnel, Monastery, ii, 444.
View of cloister, 445.

Kilcullen, early doorway at, ii, 455.

Kildare Cathedral, ii. 444.
Doorway in tower, 452.

Killaloe, section of chapel at, ii, 448.

Kilree, Kilkenny, round tower at, ii, 453, 454.

King’s College Chapel, Cambridge. _See_ Cambridge.

Kinneh, County Cork, round tower at, ii, 454, 455.

Kirk, proper application of the term, i, 543.
Whence derived, _ibid. note_.

Kirkwall Cathedral, ii, 423.
Bays, 423.
View, 424.

Kloster Neuberg, “Todtenleuchter” at, ii, 297.

Königsberg, ii, 309.

Kootub Mosque and Minar, ii, 551.

Kostroma, Eastern Russia, churches in, i, 490.
Views of interiors, 491, 492.

Kour, rock excavations on the banks of the, i, 483.

Kouthais, Armenia, peculiarities of church at, i, 472, 473.

Koyunjik, palace of Sennacherib at, 183.
Palace of Esarhaddon, or South-west palace, 184.
Central palace; its plan, 185.
Its sculptures and pavement, 186.
Palace of Tiglath Pileser, 185.
Original magnificence of these groups of palaces, 186.
Cause of the preservation of their ruins, 187.
Illustrative bas-reliefs from palace walls, 187-190.

Kremlin, the. _See_ Moscow.

Kubr Roumeïa, i, 372.
Plan, 373.

Kurtea el Argyisch, i, 479.
View of, 495.
Its plan, _ibid._
Date, 496.

Kuttenberg, church of St. Barbara at, its peculiar features, ii, 284.
Section, 285.

Laach, abbey church at, ii, 235.
Plan and view, 236.

Labyrinth of Lampares, i, 111.
Its probable dimensions and arrangements, 112.

Läderbro, Gothland, church and wapenhus at, ii, 331. 398.

Lambeth Palace, ii, 416.

Landsberg, double chapel at, plan and section, ii, 243.

Landshut, St. Martin’s church at, ii, 286.

Langres, double-arched Roman gate at, i, 349. ii, 100.

Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii, 155.

Langue d’Oc and Langue d’Œil, ii, 42.

Lantern pillars of Germany and France, ii, 297.

Lanterns: St. Ouen, Rouen, ii, 177.
Salamanca, 475.

Laon Cathedral, its spires and towers, ii, 145.

Lapo, Arnolpho da, church remodelled by, i, 616.

Lateran church, Rome. _See_ St. John Lateran.

Latin style, French example of the, ii, 105.

Layard, Sir Henry Austen, his Assyrian explorations, i, 163. 169, 170
_note_, 215. 297.

Le Duc, Viollet, his Dictionnaire d’Architecture, ii, 179 _note_.
On the donjon at Coucy, 185 _note_.
Restoration of Autun Gateway, i, 349 _note_.

Leighs. _See_ Great Leighs.

Leo the Isaurian, church built by, i, 453.

Leon, Spain, ii, 467.
Panteon of San Isidoro, _ibid_.
Interior, 470.
Cathedral: Plan, 483.
Bay of choir, 484.

Lérida. Door of porch, ii, 473.

Léry, Norman Church at, ii. 111.

Lethaby (W. R.): Restoration of Mujelibé, i, 163 _note_.

Leuchars, Norman window at, ii, 420.

Lewis (Prof. T. H.), ii, 518, 519. 521.

Lichfield Cathedral: Spires, ii, 196.
Nave, 360. 369. 404.
Clerestory windows, 358.
Views, 382.
West doorway, 404, 405.
Dimensions, proportions, &c., 417.

Liège Cathedral, its date, &c., ii, 194.
Churches: St. Bartholomew, 192.
St. Jacques, _ibid_.
Its plan, flamboyant porch, polychromatic decorations, 197.
St. Martin, 198.
Bishop’s palace, 205.
_See_ 492.

Lierre, church of St. Gommaire at, ii, 197.
Belfry, 200.

Lighting of temples, i, 124. 272.
Of domes, 454.

Limburg, near Dürkheim, church at, ii, 226. 229.

Limburg on the Lahn, cathedral of, ii, 288.

Lincoln Cathedral, ii, 348, 349 _note_.
Nave, 358.
Roof-vaulting, 359.
East end, 375.
Transept-windows, 376. 378.
General view, 383.
Angel choir, 387. 402.
Situation, 388.
Chapter-house, 391.
Choir-aisles doorway, 404.
Dimensions, proportions, &c., 417.

Linköping, Sweden, church at, ii, 314.

Linlithgow, doorway at, ii, 439.
Palace, 440.

Lino, Spain, churches of SS.
Miguel and Cristina at, ii, 464.
Unique in form, 465.

Lion tomb at Cnidus, i, 284.

Lisieux Cathedral, ii, 149.

Lismore Cathedral ii, 444.

Little Maplestead, Essex, round church at, ii, 35. 398.

Little Saxham, Sussex, round-towered church at, ii, 398.

Liverpool, St. George’s Hall at, i, 346 _note_.

Livia, house of, i, 375.

Lloyd, Mr. Watkiss, subject of a paper by, i, 262 _note_.

Loches, round arches upon pointed ones at, ii, 83.
Castle, 88. 185.
_See_ i, 600.

Loftus, Mr., explorations of. Susa, i, 209.
Wurka, 392.

Lohra, chapel at, ii, 241 _note_. 243.

Lombardy, ii, 3, 4 _note_; i, 558.
Disappearance of original Lombard buildings, 560.
Examples of Lombard and round-arched Gothic, 559-581.
_See_ Italy.

London Bridge, i, 48.

St. Lorenzo, Milan, _see_ Milan.

Lorenzo, basilican church, Rome, dates of, i, 515.
Aisles, _ibid._
Gallery, 523.
Interior view, 524.

Lorraine, architectural affinities of, ii, 44.

Lorsch, porch of convent at, elevation of, ii, 255.

Louis le Gros, Louis le Jeune, Saint Louis, and the architecture of
France, ii, 121, 122.

Louis the Pious, i, 566.

Loupiac, façade of church at, ii, 78.

Louvain, town-hall at, i, 14.
Its date and character, ii, 202.
Church of St. Pierre, intended design, &c., 196. 290 _note_.
Cloth-hall, 204.

Lubeck, brick-built Cathedral and churches of SS. Mary and Catherine
at. Plans, view, &c., ii, 303-305.
Town-hall, 311.

Lucca, i, 558. 580. 607.
Bays of San Martino, 613.
San Michele, 588. ii, 6.
Lund, Sweden, cathedral at, ii, 315.

Lüneburg, brick architecture of, ii, 311.

Luther’s shelter, ii, 258.

Luxeuil, ii, 95.

Luxor, temple of, i, 125.
Obelisk, 135.

Lycia and its tombs, i, 234. 237.
_See_ i, 430.

Lycurgus, i, 242.
Effect of his laws, 251.

Lydda, Gothic church at, ii, 37.

Lydia, i, 229.

Lyons, church of St. Martin d’Ainay at, ii, 95.
Style of the cathedral, 149, 150.

Lysicrates, choragic monument of, its character as a work of art, i,
26. 257. 266.
Dimensions and elevation, 279.

Mabillon, plan found and published by, ii, 213.

MacGibbon (David): Architecture of Provence, ii, 55 _note_.

Machpelah, cave of, i, 294. 363.

Madeleine, Paris, i, 20.
Madeleine, Jerusalem, ii, 36.

Madracen, tomb, view of, i, 373.

Madrissa, the, _see_ Ispahan.

Maestricht: St. Servin’s, ii, 192.
Notre Dame, 192.

Magdeburg, model of church built by Otho the Great at, ii, 250.
Form and arrangements of the cathedral, 265.
Nave and side-aisles, 287.

Maguelonne, fortified church at, ii, 57. 93.

Mahomed Khodabendah, city founded by, ii, 573.
Splendid tomb erected by him, 574.

Mahomet, first mosque of, ii, 514. 516.
His intention relative to the temple of Jerusalem, 518.

Mahomet II, number and splendour of the mosques of, ii, 557.

Mahomedanism, result of the outburst and cause of the success of, ii,
512-515.
Expulsion of its followers from Spain, 556.
Their habit regarding the architecture of conquered peoples, 557.

Maison Carrée, Nîmes, i, 311.
Description, plan, &c., 317. 509.

Malines, church of St. Rombaut at, ii, 194.
Chief points of interest, 196.

Mallay, M., on the churches in Puy de Dome, ii, 89. 92.

Mammeisi, purpose of Egyptian temples so called, i, 132.

Manco Capac’s house, Cuzco, ii, 604.

Manetho, dynastic chronology of Egypt, by, i, 90.
Fragment preserved by Josephus, 93.
On the Labyrinth, 111.
On the Shepherd kings, 116.
Confirmation of his list of kings, 129.

Manresa, collegiate church at, ii, 486.
Interior view, 487.

Mantua, i, 293.
Campanile of S. Andrea, ii, 6, 7.

Maplestead, Essex, Round church at, ii, 35. 398.

Marburg, church of S. Elizabeth at; Plan, section, &c., ii, 267.
West front, 268.
Apse, 280.

Marcus Aurelius, Column of Victory of, i, 353.

Margaret of Austria, sepulchral church erected by, ii, 159.

S. Maria degli Angeli, Rome, i, 344.

S. Maria di Ara Cœli, basilican church, date of, i, 515.

S. Maria in Capitolio, triapsal church, Cologne, ii, 232.

S. Maria in Cosmedin, basilican church, Rome, i, 515.
Tower: Dimensions, 578.
Elevation, _ibid._

S. Maria in Domenica, basilican church, Rome, date of, i, 515.

S. Maria, Florence, dimensions of, i, 24.
_See_ Florence.

S. Maria Maggiore, basilican church, Rome, date of, i, 515.
Plan, 521.
Interior view, proportions, &c., 522.
Modern alterations, 521.

S. Maria sopra Minerva, basilican church, Rome, date of, i, 515.
Its style, 517.

S. Maria in Trastevere, basilican church, date of, i, 515.

S. Maria Rotunda, _see_ Theodoric.

S. Marie de l’Épine, west front of, ii, 156.
Its English prototype, _ibid_.
Spire, 157.

Marienburg, brick Castle at, ii, 310.

Mariette, M., Egyptian Explorations of, i, 105. 116 _note_.

Markham, Mr., on Peruvian architecture, ii, 603.

S. Mark’s, Venice. _See_ Venice.

Marmoutier, church of, ii, 240.

Marryat’s Works on Sweden, Jutland, &c., Illustrations from, ii, 316
_et seq._

Mars Ultor, temple of, i, 316. 509.

Marseilles, early colonists of, i, 363; ii, 30.

Marshall, Bishop, tomb of, at Exeter, ii, 405. 407.

S. Martin, triapsal church, Cologne, ii, 232-234.

S. Martino in Cielo d’Oro, Ravenna, i, 528 _note_.

S. Martino di Monti, basilican church, Rome, date of, i, 515.

S. Mary Redcliffe, a French prototype of, ii, 156.

Mashita, palace at, plan, i, 400.
Triapsal hall, 402.
Western octagon tower, 403.
Façade, 404.
Elevation restored by the author, 405.

Maspero, (M.), Egypt, domestic and military architecture, i, 136, 137.

Mass, as an element in Architecture, i, 16.

Mastaba, its meaning, i, 102.
Examples, 102. 105, 106.

Matera, cathedral at, i, 597.
Window, 597.

Materials in architecture: Stone and brick, i, 19, 20.
Plaster, wood, cast iron, 21.

S. Mathias, near Trèves, ii, 238.

Maulbronn, Wurtemburg, Abbey of, ii, 236 and _note_.

Mausolus, tomb of, at Halicarnassus, i, 282.
View and plan as restored by the Author, 282, 283.
Dimensions and description, 283, 284.

Maxentius, basilica of, or Temple of Peace, its dimensions, i, 24.
Considered as an example of Roman art, 306.
Description, plan, sections, &c., 329-331.
Its stucco ornaments, 345.
Proportion of solids to area, 24; ii, 179.

Mayence Cathedral, ii, 226.
Its chief features, _ibid._
Its western apse, 230.
The Kauf Haus, 295.

Mecca, the Kaabah at, i, 65. 212; ii, 514. 516.
Arrangements, details, &c., of it, and of the Great Mosque, 536, 537.

Mechlin, ii, 188.
Intended Town-hall, 204.

Medina, Mahomet’s Mosque at, ii, 514. 516.

Medeenet Habû, temple of i, 125.
Pavilion of Rameses, 137.

Medum, Pyramid of, i. 102. 104.

Megalithic period in England, ii, 337.

Meillan, château of, ii, 184.

Meissen Cathedral, ii, 276.
Nave, 289.
Baptistery, 292.

Melrose Abbey, ii, 420. 431.
Aisle, 432.
East window, 433.

Memnonium, the, i, 126.

Memphis, i, 91.
Mariette’s explorations, 92.
Dynasties of Pyramid-building Kings, _ibid._
Magnificence of the city, destruction of its monuments, &c., 118,
119.

S. Menoux, church at; exterior, ii, 102.
Chevet and narthex, 103.

Meroë, the alleged parent state of Egypt, i, 147.
Remains of Ethiopian temples and pyramids, 148.
Arches, 217.

Merovingian Kings, no architectural remains of the, ii, 120.

Merzig, Church of, ii, 238.

Messina, architecture of, ii, 24. 29.
The Nunziatella, 24.
Cathedral, 29.

Metal used in Roman architecture, i, 346 _note_, 384.

Mettlach, Octagonal Church, ii, 249.
Capital, 250.

Metz Cathedral, pleasing features of, ii, 287.

Mexico, primitive perfection of the arts in, i, 62.
Early inhabitants, ii, 583.
Recent artistic explorers, 584.
Toltecs and Aztecs; result of the Spanish conquest, 584-586.
Alleged Buddhist Sculptures: Eastern prototypes of Mexican forms,
587, 588. 591.
Teocallis or pyramid-temples, 589, 590.
Temple or palace at Mitla, 591, 592.
Buildings of Yucatan, 593-595.
Principles of construction, 597. 599.

Michel Angelo, ii, 566.

Michel, Mont St., medieval features, retained at, ii, 186.

Middleton (Prof.): Pantheon, i, 321 _note_.
Trajan’s Basilica, 329 _note_.
Roman Theatres, 335 _note_.
Sutrium, 337 _note_.
Velaria, 340 _note_.
Frigidarium, Caracalla’s Baths, 346 _note_.
Age of Temple of Minerva Medica, 359 _note_.
Earthen pots in Roman Vaults, 549 _note_.
House of Vestal Virgins, i, 375 _note_.

Milan Cathedral, i, 24. Its architecture, 608. 610. 625.
Plan, section, interior, original model, &c., 625-629.
Church of San Lorenzo: Plan, its mutilations, &c., i, 550, 551.
Church of San Ambrogio, its atrium, silver altar, bronze doors, &c.,
i, 565-567.
Its additional tower, 580.
Tower of St. Satiro, 578 _note_.

Milan city, half German, i, 500. 558.
The Great Hospital, ii, 13.

Miletus, Ionic temple at, i, 256.

Minars and Minarets, their beauty, ii, 534.
Examples: Hassan, 532, 533.
Kaitbey, 535.
Tunis, 540.
Suleiman, 561.
Sta. Sophia, 563.
Erzeroum, 570.

Minden, Church at, ii, 231.

Minerva, temple of, at Sunium, i, 254.

Minerva Medica, temple or tomb of, i, 359.
Peculiar features of its construction, 359-361. 434.
Its real destination, 359 _note_.

S. Miniato, Florence, i, 525.
Dimensions, 584. Plan, _ibid_.
Elevation, 585.
Sections, 584. 586.

Missionary zeal of the Buddhists, ii, 586.

Missolonghi, doorway at, i, 246, 247.

Mistra, Sparta, church of the Virgin at, i, 462. 471.
Apse, 463.

Mitla, Mexico, temple at, ii, 591.
Palace, 592.

Modena, cathedral at, i, 570.
Octagon, 580.
Ghirlandina tower, ii, 5.

Mohammed, _see_ Mahomet.

Mohammed ben Alhamar, founder of the Alhambra, ii, 551.

Moissac, church at, ii, 69.
Plan, 69.

Mokwi, Armenia, Byzantine church at, i, 471.

Molfetta, Apulia, church at, i, 582.
Plan and section: its domes, 600.

Monasterboice, Ireland, early doorway at, ii, 455.

Monasteries: Kalat Sema’n, i, 422, 423.
Troitzka, Moscow, 491.
St. Gall, ii, 213-216.
Ireland, 444.
Spain, 502.

Monkwearmouth, ii, 343.
Saxon doorway, 343.

Monreale: Plan of church at, ii, 26.
Nave, 27.
Its mosaic decorations, 26, 27.
Cloisters, 29. Fountain, 30.
Mosaic pictures or stained glass? 31.

Mons, Belgium, ii, 188.
Church of St. Waudru, 197.
Polychromatic effects, 197.
Town-hall, 204.

Mont Majour, triapsal church at, ii, 59.

Mont St. Angelo, baptistery of, i, 601.

Mont St. Michel, Normandy, mediæval features preserved in, ii, 186.

Montier-en-Der, part Romanesque, part Gothic church at, ii, 107.
Its perfectness as an example of a new style, 108.
_See_ 217. 344.

Montierneuf, church of, ii, 86.

Monza, example of brick architecture from, ii, 14.

Moors, the, in Spain, ii, 461, 462. 468. 472. 495.
Characteristics of the Moresco style: region in which it
predominated, 497.
Examples, 497-501.
Their first important building, 543-545.
Extent and nature of their remains in Spain; their probable origin,
555.
Period of their expulsion, 556.
_See_ Alhambra. Saracenic.

Moravia, ii, 210.

Moresco Style, _see_ Moors.

Morienval, church of, ii, 122 _note_.

Mosaic pavements in Roman basilicas, i, 526.

Mosaic pictures at Monreale, ii, 26, 31.

Moscow, architects of the churches in, i, 485, 486.
When made the capital of Russia, 489.
Numerousness of its churches, 489-492.
The Annunciation and St. Michael’s churches, 492.
The Assumption, _ibid_.
Plan, 493.
St. Basil (Vassili Blanskenoy), _ibid._
Plan, _ibid_.
View, 494.
Tower of Ivan Veliki, 496.
_The Kremlin_. Towers on its walls, 497.
Sacred Gate, 498.

Moses, the brazen serpent of, i, 567.

Mosques: Diarbekr, i, 392-394.
Hebron, ii, 37, 38.
Mecca, 536.
Kerouan, 538.
Cordoba, 543.
Tabreez, 571.
Ispahan, 576.
_See_ Cairo. Constantinople. Damascus. Jerusalem. Mecca.

Moudjeleia, Syria, plan of house, i, 448.

Muayyad, El, mosque of, ii, 534.

Muckross, Ireland, monastery cloister at, ii, 444.

Münzenberg, castle of, ii, 259.
Picturesque features, _ibid._

Mugheyr, details and diagrams of temple at, i, 158, 159.

Mühlhausen, Maria Kirche at, plan, ii, 289.
Arrangement, view, &c., _ibid._

Mujelibé, probable origin of the, i, 163.

Munich Cathedral, ii, 286.
Brick churches, 287.

Municipal, _see_ Civic.

Münster Cathedral, ii, 230.
Lamberti Kirche at, 439 _note_.

Murano, arches in apse of, i, 406.

Murcia, chapel at, ii, 508.

Murphy, Mr., illustrator of the Alhambra, ii, 507 _note_. 543.

Music among the ancient races, i, 68, 82.

Mycenæ, tombs of the kings at, i, 243.
Gate of the Lions, 247.

Mylassa, Column of Victory at, i, 353.
Tomb, 371.
View of same, _ibid._

Myra, church of St. Nicholas at, i, 455.

Myron’s treasury, and materials of its decorations, i, 250.

Naksh-i-Rustam, tomb of Darius at, i, 204.

Nancy, Ducal palace at, ii, 183, 184.
Portal, &c., 185.

Naples, paucity of examples in, i, 583.
Cathedral, 584.

Napoleon I., façade completed by, i, 629.

Naranco, church of Sta. Maria, &c., its character and ornamentation,
ii, 464.
View, chief point of interest, 465.

Narthex, the, in basilican churches, i, 514. 530.
In St. Mark’s, Venice, 532.
Cluny, ii, 99.
Vezelay, 101.
St. Menoux, 102.
Spires, 229.

Nature, imitation of, i, 41.

Naumburg, church of, ii, 286.
Choir-screens, 293.

Naval architecture, continuous advance of, i, 45; ii, 128.

Naval triumphal columns in Rome, i, 352.

SS. Nazario and Celso, church of, its original appellation,
peculiarities of construction, &c., i, 554.

SS. Nereo ed Achilleo, basilican church, Rome, its date, i, 515.
System of which it affords an example, 526.

Nero, baths of, i, 343.

Neufchatel, Notre Dame de, ii, 219.

Neuss, church of St. Quirinus in, ii, 238. 262.

Nevers Cathedral, ii, 149.

New style, possibility of a, i, 44, 45.

Newton, Sir Charles, explorations of, i, 282.
Mausoleum, Halicarnassus, _ibid. note_.

New Walsingham church, roof of aisle, ii, 400.

Nicholai Kirche, Zerbst, ii, 291.

S. Nicolo in Carcere, basilican church, Rome, its date, i, 515.

Nieuport, Belgium, belfry of, ii, 200.

Niké Apteros, or Wingless Victory, temple of, i, 255.
Its frieze, 264.

Nile, Egyptian rule with regard to erections on the two sides of, i,
110. 135.
Course of civilization, up stream or down stream? 147.

Nîmes, Maison Carrée or Temple of Diana at, i, 311. 317. 509; ii, 49.
Amphitheatre, i. 340.
The Tour Magne, 362. 555.
The Pont du Gard, 385. _See_ 428.

Nimroud, North-west Palace at, i, 170.
Plan, _ibid_.
Result of exploration of the pyramid, 191.
Vaulted drain, 215.

Nineveh, i, 153. 169.
Explorations, 169.
Parts of Ninevite structures remaining, 198.
Stairs, 201.

Nisibin, triple church at, i, 428. 466.

Nismes, _see_ Nîmes.

Nivelles, church of St. Gertrude at, ii, 189.
Its circular tower, &c., 190.

Nocera dei Pagani, baptistery of, i, 546, 547. 435.

Nomenclature in Christian architecture, remarks on, i, 411.

Norman architecture, chief feature of, i, 17.
Architectural province of Normandy, ii, 41.
Inconsistency characteristic of the race, 105.
Culminating epoch of the style, 105.
Destroyers and rebuilders, 107.
Examples of the style: towers and vaulting, 110-119.
Pillars, 161.
Result of the Norman conquest of England, 337.
Effect of the wars of the Roses, 339.
Norman chapels, 389.
Norman gateway, 403.

Normans and Norman buildings in Sicily, ii, 22, 23.

Northampton, round church at, ii, 398.
Eleanor cross in the county, 412.

Norway, church architecture of, ii, 316.
Wooden churches, 332-334.

Norwich Castle, ii, 413.

Norwich Cathedral: Plan, ii, 346.
Tabular items, 417.
_See_ 348. 358. 386. 389. 471.

Notre Dame, Paris. _See_ Paris.

Notre Dame de Dijon, ii, 147.

Nourri, pyramids at, i, 148.

Novara Cathedral: Atrium, plan, i, 562.
Elevation and Section, 563.
Baptistery, 552.

Novogorod, Sta. Sophia, i, 471. 486. 488.
East end, 487, 488.
Interior, bronze doors, &c., 488.
Convents, _ibid._
Village church, 489.

Noyon Cathedral, ii, 145. 168 _note_.

Nubia, rock-cut Egyptian temples in, i, 130.
Church at Ibrim, 510.
_See_ Rock-cut temples.

Nunziatella, Messina, ii, 24.

Nuremberg, double chapel at, ii, 242.
Churches, St. Laurence and St. Sebald, 283, 284.
Peculiarity of the Frauen Kirche, 290.
“Sacraments Häuschen” at St. Laurence’s, 293.
Schöne Brunnen, 296.
Bay window, St. Sebald, 298.

Nylarska, Bornholm, round church, ii, 327.

Nymwegen, circular church at, ii, 249, 250.

Nyska, Bornholm, round church, ii, 327.

Oajaca, Tehuantepec, pyramid of, ii, 590.

Obelisks of Egypt, side of the Nile always chosen for the, i, 111.
Earliest and finest examples, 111. 135.
Their purpose, &c., 135.
Assyrian obelisk at Divanubara, 192.

Octagon: Ely Cathedral, ii. 352.
Of Parliament Houses, 392.

Odo, Archbishop, cathedral erected by, ii, 344.

Oester Larsker, Denmark, round church at, ii, 327.
View, 329.

Ogival, French use of the term, ii, 169 _note_.

S. Olaf, churches built by, and in memory of, ii, 316.

Olite, Spain, castle of, ii, 506.

Olska, Bornholm, round church, ii, 327.

Omar, incentive to the building of a mosque by, ii, 516.
His mosque, 517.

Omm-es-Zeitoun, Syria, Kalybe at, plan and view, i, 437.

Oppenheim, objectionable features in the church at, ii, 288.

Orange, Roman theatre at: Description, i, 335.
Plan and view, 335, 336.
Triumphal arch, 348.
Church ii, 53.

Oratories: Normandy, ii, 110.
Irish, ii, 450-452.
Of Gallerus, 457.

Orchomenos, tomb (or treasury) at, i, 244.

Orkneys, architectural elements traceable in the, ii, 423.

Orleans Cathedral, its merits, date, &c., ii, 152.

Orleansville, double-apsed basilica at, i, 510.

Ornament, carved, principle, object, and application of, i, 31-35.

Osirtasen II., pyramid of, i, 113.

Orvieto, i, 558. 614. 617. 619.

Osman III., mosque of, ii, 564.

Osnabrück, church at, ii, 230.

Othos, German architecture under the, ii, 211.
Minster ascribed to Otho III., 248.
Tomb, 248.

Otranto Cathedral, i, 596. Crypt, _ibid._

Otricoli, basilica at, i, 334.
Amphitheatre, 342.

Ottmarsheim, Alsace, circular church at, ii, 250.

Oudenarde, masonic trick in the town-hall of, ii, 204.

S. Ouen, Rouen. _See_ Rouen.

Oviedo, ii, 464, 509.

Oxford Cathedral, Wolsey’s roof at, ii, 366.
Choir arches, 366.

Oxford Martyrs’ Memorial, ii, 413 _note_.

Oxford University: Merton College chapel, ii, 375. 393.
Exeter College chapel, 393 _note_.
Colleges generally, 414.

Paderborn Cathedral, transitional feature shown in, ii, 231. 307.

Padua, civic hall at, ii, 10.
Its dimensions, arcades, &c., _ibid._
Church of San Antonio, i, 535. 536.

Pæstum, Doric temple at, i, 255.
Peculiarities of the double Temple, 271. 273.

Painted glass, circumstances attending the introduction of, ii, 57. 70.
92.
Its influence as a formative principle in Gothic Architecture, 124.
Results of its omission in modern windows, 125.
Extravagances of the German artists, ii, 294.
Introduction into and mania for its display in England, 338. 358.
373, 374.
Contrasted with polychromatic decoration, 31.

Painting and Sculpture, their province as distinguished from
architecture, i, 4, 5.
Pre-Raphaelitism, 12.
Egyptian examples, 94. 109.
Ptolemaic period, 143.
Painting and Sculpture in Assyrian buildings, 188-190.
How used in the palaces of Persepolis and Susa, 208. 210-211.
Sculpture and colours in the Grecian orders, 263. 266.
External sculpture of the French cathedrals, ii, 141.
English cathedrals, 338.
Mural Painting in Saxon edifices, 344.
Polychromy in Sicily, 26, 27.

Palaces: Egyptian, i, 122. 125.
Assyrian, 168-190.
Ancient Persian, 201-211.
Roman, 314. 375-380.
Parthian, 390-395.
Sassanian, 395.
Romanesque, 556.
German, ii, 256.
Saracenic (Alcazar and Alhambra), 551-555.
Persian-Saracenic, 578.
Mexican, 592. 596.

Palæontology, its importance to the Geologist, i, 53, 54.

Palenque, probable Christian bas-relief at, ii, 593 _note_.
Pyramid-temple, or Teocalli, 594. 599.

Palermo, church of San Giovanni in, ii, 24, 25.
Its mosque-like form, 24.
Churches in mixed styles, 25.
Cathedral: lateral entrance, 28.
East end, 29.
Use of the pointed arch, 30.

Palestine, Italian Gothic, how introduced into, ii, 32.
Examples, 33-38.

Palmyra, Temple of the Sun at, i, 228. 324.
_See_ ii, 523.

Pansa’s House, Pompeii, i, 381.
_See_ Pompeii.

S. Pantaleone, Cologne, ii, 260.

Pantheon, Paris, proportion of solids to area in the, ii, 179.

Pantheon, Rome, compared with the Parthenon, i, 17.
Its rotunda, 319.
Portico, 320. 544.
Description, Plan, Elevation, Section, &c., 320-322.
Discoveries by Mr. Chedanne in 1892, 320 _note_.
Repetitions of its form in miniature, 357. 543.
Period of its erection, 320 and _note_. 321.
Plan of lighting in, 322.

Pantokrator Church, Constantinople, i, 457.

Pappacoda, Naples, church at, i, 598.
Its doorway, 598.

Parenzo, Basilica at, i, 536.
Plan 537.

Paris: influence of the materials of its construction on the effect
produced by the Madeleine, i, 20.
Notre Dame: proportion of solids to area, 24. ii, 179.
Compared with the Arc de l’Etoile, i, 30.
Date of erection; plan, ii, 132.
Area, original and altered elevation, &c., 133.
Constructive defects, _ibid._
Façade, 136.
Its character as a whole, 137.
Windows, 163.
St. Germain des Prés, and St. Geneviève, 121.
St. Martin, 163.
Pantheon, 179.
Hôtel de Cluny, 184.
Sainte Chapelle, ii. 122. 131. 155. 338. 374. 393 and _note_. 31.
St. Eustache, 492 _note_.

Parish churches, England, examples of, ii, 397-401.

Parliament Houses, London, central octagon, ii, 393 _note_.

Parma Cathedral, i, 570.
Principles of design illustrated by the Baptistery, ii, 1.

Paros, island of, apses of churches in, i, 539 _note_.

Parthenon, principle illustrated by the, i, 14.
Compared with other edifices, 17.
Dimensions, 24. 258.
Its fitness for ornamental adjuncts, 38.
Its character as a work of art, 253.
Elevation of a column, 260.
The façade, 262.
Plan, 270.
Form, _ibid._
Section, 273.

Parthians, i, 389-392.
Palace of Al Hadhr.
Plan, 390.
Elevation, 391.
Mosque of Diarbekr, 392-394.

Pasargadæ, tomb of Cyrus at, i, 164. 196-198.
State of remains there, 198.
Fire temple or tomb, 212.

S. Paul’s Cathedral, London, i, 24. 446. ii, 179.

S. Paul’s basilican church, Rome, its date, i, 515.
Aisles, _ibid._
Plan, description, interior view, &c., 516-519.

S. Paul Trois-Chateaux, Provence, ii, 55. 255.

Paulinzelle, ruined abbey of, ii, 238.

Pavia, church of St. Michele at, i, 563. ii, 219. 244.
Considered as an example of its style, i, 563.
Section, 564.
Apse, 565.
S. Pietro and S. Teodoro, _ibid._

Paxton, Sir Joseph, i, 48.

Payerne, basilican church at, ii, 219.

Peace, temple of, at Rome. _See_ Maxentius.

Peacock, Dr., Dean of Ely, memorial to, ii, 382 _note_.

Pelasgi, parent race of the, i, 75. 241.
Most remarkable of their remains, 243.
Domes, _ibid._
Doorways, arches, wall masonry, &c., 245-247.
Culminating period of their civilization, 251.
_See_ i, 81 _note_.

Pellegrini’s designs for Milan Cathedral, i, 629.

S. Pellino, apse of, i, 593.
Elevation, 592.

Pendentives, diagrams of, i, 434. 532.
At Salamanca, 476.
At Tarragona, 477.

Penrose, Mr., work on Athenian architecture by, i, 261 _note_.
Discoveries in 1884 in Temple of Jupiter Olympius, Athens, 323 and
_note_.
Drawing by him, ii, 152.

Pepin, union of French dominions under, ii, 120.

Pergamon, German Exploration at, i, 256.

Pergamus, wooden roofed basilica at, i, 427, 428.

Périgueux, church of St. Front at, ii, 64, 65.
Class of which it is the only specimen, 67.
Its ante-church, 107.
_See_ i, 535. 582.

Peristyle in Greek temples, object of the, i, 271, 272.

Perpendicular, late pointed, or Lancastrian style, epoch of the, ii,
339.
Motto of the period, _ibid._
_See_ 376.

Persepolis, i, 153.
Author’s work on the subject, 168 _note_.
Parts of buildings still preserved, 198.
Prominence of staircases, 200.
Palaces of Xerxes and Darius, 201-209.
_See_ 390. 397.