Chapter VI: The Inquisition and the Index.724 (2)

Graphæus, Cornelius, 230.

Grassis, Matteo, founder of the Capucins, 507 _f._

Graubünden, the (Grisons), 22, 49 _f._

Grebel, Conrad, Humanist and Anabaptist, 436, 446 _f._

Grey, Lady Jane, 371.

Gribaldo, Giovanni Valentino, an Anti-Trinitarian, 426.

Grindal, Edmund, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, 402 _n._, 404.

Groot, Gerard, and the _Brethren of the Common Lot_, 226, 228.

Guest, Edmund, letter to Cecil, 398 and _n._

_Gueux, Les._ See _Beggars_.

Guipuzcoa, the district in which Loyola was born, 525.

Guises, the family of the, 151, 173 and _n._, 180, 209, 283, 295, 297.

Guise, _Francis_, Duke of, 170, 173, 177 _f._, 187, 189, 191 _f._, 296.
_Charles_, brother of Francis, Cardinal of Lorraine, 163, 170, 173,
177, 187, 312, 588.
_Louis_, brother of Francis, Cardinal of Guise, 189, 213.
_Henry_, Duke of, son of Francis, 198 _f._, 208, 212 _f._
_Charles_, Duke of Mayenne, son of Francis, 213 _f._, 218.

Haarlem, Town of, 236 _f._, 261.

Hagenau, _Conference_ at, 124.

Hague, The, 236.

Haller, Berthold, Reformer of Bern, 40 _f._, 64 _n._, 68.

Hamilton, Patrick, 279 _f._

Hanseatic League, 279.

Hapsburg (the place), 21.

Heath, Dr., Archdeacon of Canterbury, 340 _f._

Hegius (Haag) Alexander, 226.

_Heidelberg Catechism_, 3, 4 _n._

Heigerlin, Johann (Faber), 26 and _n._, 30, 34, 512.

_Helvetic Confession, First_, 6 _n._

Henry II. of France, consistently persecutes the Protestants, 151.

Henry III., 204, 214.

Henry IV. See _Bourbon_.

Henry VIII. of England, his policy towards Scotland, 282 _f._;
had defended curialist claims, 321;
real doubts about the validity of his marriage, 322 _f._;
security of the kingdom demanded a male heir, 323;
expected the Pope to declare his marriage invalid, 324;
appeals to the Universities, 326;
_Supreme Head of the Church_, 327;
uses the _annates_ to coerce the Curia, 328;
separates from Rome, 330 _ff._;
and the German Protestants, 340 _ff._, 347;
his theological learning, 347;
his will, 352;
and Zwingli, 10, 315 _f._, 370, 417.

Henry of Condé. See _Bourbon_.

Hesse-Cassel becomes Calvinist, 3.

Hildegard of Bingen, 142 _n._

Hoen, Cornelius van (sacramental controversy), 53.

Hoffman, Melchior, 236 _f._, 438, 442, 444, 458.

_Homilies, The Twelve_ (England), 353.

Hoogstraten, 249.

Hooper, John, Bishop of Gloucester, 318, 353, 359, 364 _f._, 377 _f._

Hôpital, Michel de l', Chancellor of France, 177, 181, 186.

Hopkins, Thomas, metrical version of the Psalms, 355.

Hübmaier, Balthasar, Anabaptist, 434 _ff._, 442.

Hulst, Francis van de, Inquisitor, 230.

Humanism and the Reformed Churches, 9;
and the Italian Reformers, 504, 507.

Humanism, Christian, 319.

Hus, John, 31.

Hussites, 92.

Hut, Hans, Anabaptist, 439.

Hymn-book of the Brethren, 435, 449 _ff._

Iconoclasm in Switzerland, 72, 87;
in France, 145, 183, 191;
in the Netherlands, 253, 267;
in Scotland, 294;
in Münster, 453.

Ignatius Loyola, family and early life, 525;
on his sick-bed, 527;
at Manresa, 527 _ff._;
his visions, 527, 529, 532, 552;
and Luther, 529, 532, 559;
his mysticism, 530;
at school at Barcelona, 532;
imprisoned for heresy, 533;
in Paris, 533 _ff._;
considered doctrines as military commands, 536;
in Italy, 545 _ff._;
his preachers in Italy, 546;
_Society of Jesus_ founded, 548 _f._;
elected _General_, 549 _f._;
seeks to win back Germany, 556 _ff._;
his home mission work, 559;
an educated clergy, 559.

Iles de Saintonge, Church at, 166. See _Saintonge_.

Illiteracy of English clergy, 353 _f._

Images, miraculous, destroyed, 344 and _n._; 352, 409.

_Index of Prohibited Books_, 602 _ff._;
practice of burning books, 602 _f._;
various list of, 603; 231 _f._;
effect on learning, 605.

_Indulgence_, in Geneva, 64;
long objected to in the Netherlands, 228; 16, 28.

_Injunctions_ in England, of 1536 (Henry VIII.), 334, 339;
of 1538 (Henry VIII.), 335, 340;
of 1517 (Edward VI.), 352;
of 1554 (Mary), 374;
of Elizabeth, 407, 410.

_Inner Light, The_, 423 _f._, 456.

_Inquisition_, three types of, 597;
the Spanish, 598;
proposed in France, 163, 169;
in the Netherlands, 229, 256;
in Italy, 470, 600 _ff._; 489, 492, 497, 531.

_Institutio, Christianæ Religionis_, based on the _Apostles' Creed_,
100;
on ecclesiastical government, 129;
what it did for the Reformation, 156 _f._; 99 _ff._, 147, 156,
159, 305, 514.

_Instruction_, Zwingli's, 35.

_Interim, The Augsburg_, 567.

Irish missionaries in Switzerland, 23.

Isabella of Castile and the Spanish Reformation, 490.

Isoudun, 166.

_Italian heretic Friars_, 386 _n._

Italy, religious condition of, 501 _f._;
the peasants, 501;
in the towns, 503.

Ivry, Battle of, 218.

James V. of Scotland, 281.

Jarnac, Battle, 194.

Jay, Claude, Jesuit, 537, 556, 557.

Jeanne d'Albret, daughter of Margaret of Navarre, wife of Antoine de
Bourbon and mother of Henry IV. of France, declares herself a
Protestant, 185;
in La Rochelle, 194;
consents to the marriage of her son with Marguerite de Valois, the
daughter of Catherine de' Medici, 197;
172, 189, 195.

Jeanne de Jussie, chronicler nun of Geneva, 65 _n._; 74 _n._, 79 and
_n._, 83 _n._; 117.

Jesuits. See _Company of Jesus_.

Jesuits in France, 608;
in Germany, 606.

Jewel, John, Bishop of Salisbury, 391, 402 _n._, 404, 407, 413 and _n._

John Casimir in the Netherlands, 266.

John Frederick of Saxony and Henry VIII., 340, 317.

John George of Anhalt, 3.

Joinville, Chateau of, 190;
Treaty of, 207;
Prince of, 213.

Jon, Francis du, 249.

_Joyeuse entrée_ of Brabant, 246.

Jud, Leo, 111.

_Jurisdictionis potestas_, 332.

_Jus episcopale_ of Civil Rulers, 9.

_Justification of the Prince of Orange_, 258.

_Justification, The Doctrine of_, at the Regensburg Conference,
519 _ff._, 577;
at the Council of Trent, 568, 576 _ff._

Kaiser, a Zurich pastor burnt as a heretic in Schwyz, 49.

Kampen, 237.

Kappel, First Peace of, 49;
Second Peace of, 51;
Battle of, 51;
Charter of, 51.

_Kata-Baptists_, 423, 434.

Kessler, Johann, 47.

Kibbenbroick, Gerard, Anabaptist burgomaster of Münster, 460.

_Kinds_, taking the communion in both, a sign of Protestantism, 20,
399, 405 _n._

_King's Book, The_, 10, 337, 349.

Kirkcaldy of Grange, Sir William, 284.

_Kirk-Session_, ecclesiastical court in the Scottish Church, 308.

Klein-Basel, 25.

Knipperdolling, Bernhard, Anabaptist, burgomaster of Münster, 460;
425, 454 and _n._, 468.

Knox, John, early history, 285;
galley-slave in France, 286;
preaches in England, 286, _f._, 360, 362;
in Switzerland and Germany, 287;
marries Marjory Bowes, 288;
in Scotland, 293;
in Edinburgh, 299 _ff._;
rapidity of his work, 308;
and Queen Mary, 309 _ff._;
and the Duke of Somerset, 359.

Kolb, Francis, preaches in Bern, 42.

Krakau (Cracow), a Socinian centre, 472.

Kuiper, Willem de, a disciple of Jan Matthys, 459.

Lainez, Diego, Jesuit, 188, 537, 455, 548, 552, 556, 577 _f._, 595.

Lambert, Francis, 64 _n._

Lasco, John à, Polish refugee in England, 358.

Latimer, Hugh, Bishop of Worcester, 371, 378, 382.

Laud, Archbishop, 355.

Lausanne, Bishop of, refuses to come to the Bern _Disputation_, 41, 44.

Lausanne, Bishopric of, 23, 67, 70.

Lausanne, part of the Pays-de-Vaud, 67, 113, 116, 152;
reformation in, 70, 89, 125.

League, The _Perpetual_ (Forest Cantons), 21;
of _Brunnen_, 21;
of the _House of God_ (Rhætia), 22;
_The Grey_ (Grisons), 22;
of the _Ten Jurisdictions_, 22;
_The Three perpetual, of Rhætia_, 22;
_Christian Civic_, 48;
_Borromean_, 60;
_The League_ against the Huguenots, how it arose, 205 _ff._;
becomes disloyal, 207, 209, 212, 608;
_The League of Paris_, 207;
the _Sixteen_, 210.

Leclerc, Jean, French Protestant martyr, 143.

Leclerc, Pierre, Minister at Meaux, 150.

Lecturers, Royal. See _Royal_.

Lefèvre d'Étaples, Jacques (Faber Stapulensis) and Humanism, 11;
and Luther, 15, 74, 97;
wishes to restore the practices of the Church of the first three
centuries, 109;
inspired the "group of Meaux," 141;
anticipated Luther, 141;
translated the Bible into French, 142;
a mystic, 142 _n._

Leib, Kilian, Salzburg chronicler, and the Anabaptists, 448.

Leith, 17, 279.

Lenten Fasting, 31.

Lesley, Norman, 284.

Lethington, William Maitland of. See _Maitland_.

Leyden, Anabaptist attempt on, 239;
siege of, 263;
University of, 264.

Leyden, Jan of. See _Bockelson_.

_Libertines_ in Geneva, 116.

Lindau, 48.

Lindsay, Sir David, Scottish satirist, 278.

Lollards, in England, 316 _f._, 374;
and Anabaptists, 440 _f._

_Lords of the Congregation_ (Scotland), 289, 293, 299, 420.

Loriti, Heinrich of Glarus (Glareanus), Swiss Humanist, 18 _n._,
25 _n._, 29.

Lorraine, The Cardinal of. See _Guise_.

Louis of Condé. See _Bourbon_.

Louis of Nassau. See _Nassau_.

Louise of Savoy, mother of Francis I., 137, 141.

Louvain, University of, and list of Prohibited Books, 603.

Loyola, Ignatius. See _Ignatius_.

Lupulus. See _Wölfflin_.

Luther, on clerical marriage, 37;
influence on the Reformed Churches, 13 _ff._;
anticipations of his teaching, 15, 141;
and Zwingli, 27, 50;
theory of the Eucharist, 56, 412 _f._; 16 _ff._, 24, 53, 124, 141,
148, 154, 341, 354, 405 _n._, 421, 452, 473, 493, 507, 529, 570,
578.

Luther's writings known in France, 142;
in England, 320;
in Geneva, 64 _n._;
in Scotland, 279.

Lutheran theologians invited to France, 146.

_Lutheran_, a name applied to all Protestants, 16 and _n._, 65,
79 _n_., 150, 330, 600.

Lutherans lost part of Germany to the Reformed, 3.

Lutzern, 22, 47 _f._;
Diet at, 32.

Lyons, Church at, 166.

Maçon, Jean le, first Protestant minister in Paris, 166.

Macronius, Martin, 364.

Madruzzo, Bishop of Trent and Cardinal, 567 _ff._, 574, 581.

Madruzzo, Ludovico, Bishop of Trent, 588.

Maier, Johann, of Eck, 26.

Mainz, Archiepiscopal Province of, 23.

Maitland, William, of Lethington, 19, 304, 310, 312.

_Mamelukes_ (in Geneva), 62.

Mangin, Étienne, of Meaux, 150.

Manresa, Dominican Convent at, 527;
Ignatius Loyola at, 528.

Mantes, Assembly of French Protestants at, 221.

Manuel, Nicholas, artist in Bern, 40.

Manz, Felix, Swiss Anabaptist martyr, 446 _f._

Marais-Saint-Germain, Rue de, 174.

Marburg Colloquy, the, 50.

Marcourt, Antoine, author of the _Placards_, 146.

Margaret of Parma, 242, 248, 250, 252, 257.

Marguerite d'Angoulême, sister of Francis I., married the King of
Navarre, education and character, 136 _ff._;
her Christian Platonism, 137;
relations with Briçonnet, 138;
with Luther and Calvin, 138;
the _Heptameron_, 140;
accused of heresy, 145;
11, 74 _n._, 97 _n._, 136 _n._, 143, 505 _f._, 534 _f._

Marguerite de Valois, daughter of Catherine de' Medici, married to
Henry IV., 197.

Marignano, Battle of, 28.

Marnix, John de, 254.

Marot, Clement, his French Psalms in Geneva, 106 _n._, 148;
in Paris, 172; 93, 146.

Marriage, regulations for, in Geneva, 105 _f._;
of the clergy, 355;
"clerical," 36; 33, 42.

Marsiglio Ficino, 137.

Marsiglio of Padua, 434.

_Martha Houses_ (Jesuit), 561.

Martyr Vermigli, Peter, 358.

Martyrs, in England under Queen Mary, 376 _ff._;
in the Netherlands, 224, 230 _f._;
in Scotland, 280 _f._;
in France, 148 _ff._

Mary of Burgundy, daughter of Charles the Bold and grandmother of
Charles V., wife of Maximilian, 225.

Mary of Guise or Lorraine, sister of Francis Duke of Guise, and Queen
of James V. of Scotland, 20, 290, 293 _f._, 386.

Mary of Hungary, Regent of the Netherlands, 233, 240, 518.

Mary, Queen of England, reaction under, 368 _ff._;
marries Philip, prince of Spain;
Papal supremacy restored, 373;
Romanist legislation, 373 _f._;
scruples about possession of ecclesiastical lands, 382;
death, 383 _ff._; 292, 346, 380.

Mary, Queen of Scotland, educated in France, 283;
"the little Queen," 283;
refuses to ratify the acts of the reforming Estates, 309;
in Scotland, 309 _ff._;
her coming dreaded, 309; 281, 292, 310.

Massacres, at Vassy, 190;
at Sens, 190;
at Toulouse, 190;
at Rouen, 190;
at Paris, 190;
of St. Bartholomew, 198 _f._, 261, 608;
at Zutphen, 261;
at Haarlem, 261.

_Matthew, Thomas_, of Matthew's Bible, 339.

Maubert, Place, where the Protestants were burnt, 148.

Mayenne, Duke of. See _Guise_.

_Meaux, The group of_, 11 _f._, 67, 97, 109, 137 _ff._, 145.

_Meaux, the Fourteen of_, 148, 150.

Meaux, Protestant Church in, 165 _f._

Mechlin burnt by the Spaniards, 261.

Medici, Giovanni Giacomo de', a condottiere, 50.

Meersburg, 47.

Melanchthon, 4 _n._, 148, 154, 340, 507, 519 _ff._, 557.

_Melchiorites_, The, 438;
in Münster, 458;
on _separation_, 465.

Mendoza, Pedro, Archbishop of Toledo and Cardinal, 490.

_Merindol, Arrêt de_, 149.

Merlin, Jean Raymond, 184.

Meyer, Sebastian, Reformer of Bern, 40.

Michelet, Jules, on Calvin, 159.

Milhaud, a Huguenot stronghold, 201.

Milton, John, 13.

Ministry in the Reformed Churches, 131.

Mirabel, a Huguenot stronghold, 201.

_Miroir de l'âme pécheresse_, 97 _n._, 98.

Molard, The, in Geneva, 77.

Monasteries, The dissolution of the, 343.

Moncontour, Battle of, 195.

Monnikendam, 237.

Montauban, Huguenot stronghold, 195, 201 _f._, 223.

Monte Cassino, 509.

Monte, Gian Maria Giocchi, Cardinal del, later Pope Julius III.,
566, 581.

Montmor, The family of, with whom Calvin was educated, 92.

Montmorency, The Constable de, 151, 170, 173, 178, 189, 191, 193.

Montpellier, Huguenot stronghold, 223.

Montpensier, Duchess of, a Leaguer, 210, 216.

Montrose, 279.

Morals, municipal legislation concerning, 108, 123 _n._, 129;
standard of, low in Western Switzerland, 113.

Morat, part of the Pays de Vaud, 43, 47.

Moray, James Stewart, Earl of, 291, 310.

More, Sir Thomas, 317, 319, 321, 325, 337 _f._

Morel, minister in Paris, 186.

Morgarten, the battle of, 21, 26.

Mornay du Plessis, Madame, way she dressed her hair, 168 _n._

Morone, Giovanni de Cardinal, 512, 516, 524, 586, 591, 595.

_Mortal sin_, Jesuits wary of charging their penitents with, 555.

Muète, Guérin, a leading evangelical in Geneva, 76.

Mühlhausen, 43, 60, 122.

Müller, Hans of Medikon, Anabaptist, 441.

Mundt, Dr. Christopher, Cecil's agent in Germany, 296 and _n._

Municipal life in the Netherlands, 225.

Münster, Bishop of, 453, 454.

Münster, city of, enrolled in the Schmalkald League, 455;
besieged during the whole period of Anabaptist rule, 462;
fall of, 468.

_Münster, Kingdom of God in_, 431, 438, 451 _ff._

_Mysticism, Spanish_, 490, 530 _ff._, 547, 571.

Nacchianti, Bishop of Chioggia, on Tradition and Scripture, 574.

Nancy, 207.

Nantes, Edict of, 19, 221 _ff._

_Nassau Confession_, 4 _n._

Nassau, _William_ of, Prince of Orange, at the abdication of Charles
V., 240;
member of the Council of State for the Netherlands, 243;
protests against the treatment of the Netherlands, 247;
not deceived by Philip's duplicity, 253;
his _Justification_, 258;
chosen Stadtholder, 260;
Governor of the Seventeen Provinces, 266;
reward offered for his assassination, 267;
his _Apology_; 267;
assassinated, 268;
how he acquired the Principality of Orange-Chalons, 268 and _n._;
his wives, 269 _n._;
his character, 268 _f._

_Louis_ of, 249, 252, 260, 263.

_Nassouwe, Wilhelmus van_, 261.

National characteristics reappear in the various Reformed Churches, 19.

Nemours, Duchess of, 216.

Nérac, capital of French Navarre, 139, 185.

Neuchâtel, 43, 73, 89, 125, 146.

Neuville, 89.

_New Learning, The_, 26, 137, 141, 359, 492, 515.

Nicene Creed, 130;
at the Council of Trent, 593.

Nimes, 165, 201, 202.

Nisbet, Murdoch, translated the New Testament into Scots, 277 _n._

Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke of, 359.

_Notables, Assembly of_ (France), 177.

_Notables, Assembly of_ (England), 326.

Novara, Battle of, 28.

Noyon, Birthplace of Calvin, 92.

Nuns, in Geneva, 90;
none among the Jesuits, 561.

Ochino, Bernardino, 358.

Oebli, Hans, Landamann of Glarus, 49.

Oecolampadius, Johannes (Heusgen), at Basel, 39;
on excommunication, 112; 149, 320.

Oldenbarneveldt, John of, 269.

Olevianus, Caspar, 4 _n._

Olivétan, Pierre Robert, translator of the Bible into French, 95.

Ollon, part of the Pays de Vaud, 67.

Orange, Prince of. See _Nassau_.

Orange, Principality of Orange-Chalons, 268 _n._

_Oratory, Chambers of_ (Netherlands), 226.

_Oratory of Divine Love, The_, 505, 509 _f._

Orbe, part of the Pays de Vaud, 67.

_Ordinis Potestas_, 332.

_Ordonnances ecclésiastiques de l'Église de Genève_, 107, 128 _f._,
131.

Orleans, Calvin at, 95;
church at, 166; 146, 181.

Ormonts, part of the Pays de Vaud, 67.

Oxford, 17, 276, 320.

_Pacification of Ghent_, 265 _f._, 267.

Palatinate, becomes Calvinist, 3.

Pampeluna, Ignatius Loyola, at the siege of, 526.

Pane, Roletus de, Romanist in Geneva, 88.

Pantheist Mysticism, 422, 424.

Paraphrases, Erasmus', in the Church of England, 353.

Paris, Luther's writings in, 18 and _n._;
affair of the _Placards_, 145;
prisons in, 164;
_League_ of, 207 _ff._

Paris' students songs, 535 _f._

Parker, Dr. Matthew, Archbishop of Canterbury, 404, 409, 417.

Parkhurst, John, Bishop of Norwich, 402 _n._, 416.

_Parlement_, of Paris and the Reformation, 142 _f._, 144, 146, 160,
162 _f._, 169, 170, 171, 174, 185, 213, 220, 535, 556.

_Parlement_, of Aix, 147, 149;
of Bordeaux, 147, 217;
of Dijon, 176;
of Rouen, 147;
of Toulouse, 147, 171.

_Parlements_, French, 163 _n._, 217.

_Parliament for the enormities of the Clergy_, 326, 327.

Parma, Alexander Farnese, Duke of, 218, 220, 249, 266.

Parma, Margaret of. See _Margaret_.

_Patrick's Places_, 280 _n._

_Patrimony of the Kirk_, 306.

Paul IV., Pope, 1 _n._, 163, 169. See _Caraffa_.

Paul, Martin, of the Graubünden, 50.

Payerne, 64, 89.

Pays de Vaud, 66, 84, 89, 103, 109, 116 _f._

_Peace of Monsieur_, 204.

Peasantry, Italian, religious condition, 501;
devotion to Francis of Assisi and his imitators, 502.

_Peasants' War, The_, 54.

_Penance, Doctrine of_, at the Council of Trent, 584.

Penney, 117.

Penz, Jörg, pupil of Albrecht Dürer, Anabaptist, 436.

_Picards_, 11, 92.

Picardy, character of the people, 92.

Pictures in Churches (Zurich), 35, 42.

Philip of Hesse and the Anabaptists, 447, 455, 458; 58.

Philip II. of Spain, compared with Charles V., 240 _f._;
policy of extirpation of Protestants, 241;
minute knowledge of Netherlands' affairs, 243 _n._, 244.

Pius V., 196, 595.

_Placards_ (manifestoes) in Geneva, 64 _f._;
in Paris, about the Mass, 145.

_Placards_ (Government proclamations against the Protestants) in the
Netherlands, 242, 245, 247, 256, 265.

_Platonism, Christian_, 11, 137.

Poissy, _Colloquy_ of, 20, 186 _ff._, 313;
_Conference_ at, 188;
_Edict_ of, 188.

Poitiers, Church at, 166 _f._

Pole, Reginald, Archbishop of Canterbury, Cardinal, member of the
_Oratory of Divine Love_, 505;
Legate at the Council of Trent, 566;
372, 377, 381 f., 510, 524, 587 _n._

_Politiques, Les_, 203.

_Polonorum, Bibliotheca Fratrum_, 472.

_Polygamy_, in Münster, 463 _ff._

_Post tenebras lux_, 89.

Pope, the _Primacy_ of the, 33, 492;
Swiss Bodyguard of the, 23;
power limited by the Peace of Augsburg, 1 and _n._, 405, 414;
and Bishops at the Council of Trent, 592 _f._ See _Curialism_.

Popes mentioned:
Innocent III. (1198-1216), 597.
Julius II. (1503-1521), 322, 371.
Leo X. (1513-1523), 180, 319 _f._
Adrian VI. (1522-1523), 494, 496 _ff._
Clement VII. (1523-1534), 64, 324;
advises Henry VIII. to bigamy, 325, 510.
Paul III. (1534-1549), Reforms under, 510, 512; 345, 357, 470, 500,
510, 548, 550, 581;
and the Council of Trent, 565 and _n._, 581.
Julius III. (1550-1555), Council of Trent under, 565 and _n._, 581.
Marcellus II. (1555), 585.
Paul IV. (1555-1559), Council of Trent under, 565 and _n._, 591, 594;
245.
Pius IV. (1559-1565), his policy of reformation, 595.
Pius V. (1566-1572), 196.
Sixtus V. (1580-1590), 208.

_Præmunire, Statutes of_, 325.

_Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges_, 183.

_Prayer-Book of King Edward VI., The First_, 356 _f._, 361, 403 _n._

_Prayer-Book of King Edward IV., The Second_, 287, 290 and _n._,
361 _f._, 395 _f._, 398, 401, 403 and _n._, 405.

_Prayer-Book of Elizabeth_, 396 _ff._, 401, 404, 419.

_Praying Circles_ or _Readings_ among the _Brethren_, 433.

_Pre-aux-Clercs, The_, Psalm-singing at, 172, 183; 165.

_Presence of the Body of Christ in the Sacrament of the Supper_,
411 _ff._

Privas, a Huguenot stronghold, 201.

Privileges of Nobles in France in the Sixteenth Century, 171.

_Processions expiatory_, in Paris, 146.

_Proclamations about religion_, by Mary, 370;
by Elizabeth, 388.

_Psalms_, Calvin's _Commentary on the_, 97, 101.

Psalms, Singing of the, in the vernacular, 106 and _n._, 183, 251 _f._;
in the Netherlands, 251;
in England, 355;
Clement Marot's, 172 and _n._, 252.

_Pseaumes_ included religious canticles, 107 _n._

_Purgatory, The Doctrine of_, attacked, 31, 33, 42.

_Puritanism_, the beginnings of, 364.

Puy, Cardinal du, Prefect of the Inquisition, 378.

_Queen, The little_, 282 _f._

Quignon, Cardinal, a liturgist, 357.

Quintin, Dr., speaker for the clergy at the States-General of 1560,
182.

Randolph, Sir Thomas, Elizabeth's Ambassador in Scotland, 303, 311.

Ratisbon. See _Regensburg_.

_Readers_ in the Scottish Church, 305.

_Readings_, 433.

_Rebaptism_, 68 _n._; 424, 447.

Reformation of the Mediæval Church demanded by all, 484.

Reformed Churches, Confraternity among the, 20;
Confessions. See _Confessions_.

Reformers in Italy, 503 _f._

_Regensburg, The Conference at_, 519 _ff._;
was the parting of the ways, 523.

Regents in the Netherlands, _Margaret of Austria_, 225;
_Mary_, widowed Queen of Hungary, 233, 242;
Margaret of Parma, 242, 248, 250, 252, 257;
the Duke of Alva, see _Alva_;
Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, see _Parma_.

_Relics_ destroyed in England, 343, 344 and _n._

_Religion, Those of the_, 160.

_Religion, The alteration of_, 396.

Renaissance, The, 6, 8.

Renan, Ernest, on Calvin, 159.

Renard, Simon, envoy of Charles V. in England, 377.

Renato, Camillo, 426.

Renaudie, Godefroy de Barry, Seigneur de la, 175.

Renée, Duchess of Ferrara. See _Ferrara_.

Requesens-y-Zuniga, Don Louis, 262.

_Request, The_ (Netherlands), 250.

_Reservatio ecclesiastica_, 2.

_Restitution, The_, defends polygamy in Münster, 467.

Rhætia, 22.

Richmond, Henry Fitzroy, Duke of, 323.

Ridley, Nicholas, Bishop of London, 318, 359, 360, 364 _f._, 371, 378,
382.

Riots in Geneva, 81, 87.

Rocco di Musso, on the Lake of Como, 50.

Rocheblond, Sieur de la, founder of the _Paris League_, 207 _f._

Rochelle, La, Huguenot stronghold, 194 _f._, 201, 223.

Rodriguez, Simon, Jesuit, 537, 556.

Rogers, John, 339, 377.

Roll, Heinrich, Anabaptist, 456.

Roman Civil Law and ecclesiastical rule, 8.

Romanist reaction in Europe, 387.

Roser, Isabella, and Ignatius Loyola, 561 and _n._, 562.

Rothmann, Bernhard, Anabaptist leader in Münster, 452 _ff._;
his _Theses_, 454;
doctrine of the Holy Supper, 455 _f._;
accepts polygamy with difficulty, 465 _f._;
death, 468.

Rotterdam, 11.

_Rotuli Scotiæ, The_, 276.

Röubli, William, first Swiss priest to marry, 37.

Rouen, Church at, 166.

Rough, John, Scottish preacher, 285.

Roussel, Gerard, 97, 109.

_Royal Lecturers_ in Paris, 95, 98.

_Rubric, The Black_, on kneeling at the Lord's Supper, 362, 405 _n._

_Rubric, Ornaments_, of 1559, 405 and _n._

_Rule of Faith, Doctrine of the_, at the Council of Trent, 568,
572 _ff._

Ruysbroec, Jan van, the Mystic, 226.

Sacrament of the Holy Supper, ought to be celebrated weekly,
105 and _n._;
both "kinds" partaken, 355, 394;
discussed at the Regensburg Conference, 522 _f._;
Doctrine of, defined at the Council of Trent, 568, 582 _ff._

Sacramental Controversy, Bern _Theses_ and the, 52;
in the Netherlands and the Rhine Provinces, 52;
Carlstadt's views, 53;
Zwingli's views permeate German cities, 53;
controversy complicated by political ideas, 54;
common thoughts about the Sacrament of the Holy Supper, 54;
Eucharist and Mass, 55;
Zwingli's theory, 55;
Luther's theory, 56;
Calvin's theory accepted in Switzerland, 59;
and in part of Germany, 60.

_Sacramentarians_, name given to the followers of Zwingli, 146.

Sadoleto, Giacomo, Cardinal, 507, 510.

Saint-André, Marshal, 184, 190, 192.

Saint Andrews, 285.

Saint Bartholomew, Massacre of, 198;
medal struck in Rome in honour of, 200 and _n._

Saint Denis, Henry IV. received into the Roman Church at, 219;
battle of, 193.

Saint Germains, 185.

Saint Jacques, Rue de, in Paris, 167, 171.

Saint Omer, 254.

Sainte Aldegonde, Philip de Marnix, lord of, 249.

St. Gallen. See _Gallen_.

Salamanca, University of, 491.

Salic Law, in France, 206;
believed to hold in England, 323.

Salmeron, Alonzo, Jesuit, 537, 548, 556, 566, 595.

Salzburg, Anabaptists in, 448; 48.

Sam, Conrad, of Ulm, 53.

Samson or Sanson, Bernhard, a seller of Indulgences, 29.

Sancerre, Huguenot stronghold, 201.

Sandilands, Sir James, 291.

Sandys, Edwin, Archbishop of York. 404.

Saunier, Antoine, Swiss evangelist, 82 _n._

Savoy, 48;
Duke of, 62, 64, 66, 77, 89, 116.

Schaffhausen, Swiss Canton, 22, 46, 43, 48, 60, 122.

_Schifanoya, II._, Venetian agent in England, 392, 399 and _n._

Schmalkald, 340, 347.

_Schmalkald, Defender of the_, 341.

_Schmalkald League, The_, and Münster, 455.

Schröder, Johann, Anabaptist preacher in Münster, 459.

Schwyz, Forest Canton, burnt Pastor Kaiser of Zurich as a heretic, 49;
21 _f._, 48.

Scot, Bishop, 400 _n._

Scotland, and _Heidelberg Catechism_, 4 _n._;
preparation for the Reformation, 275;
influence of old Celtic Church, 275 _f._;
Lollardy in, 276 _f._;
Acts of Parliament to suppress Reformation, 281;
French or English alliance, 281 _ff._, 294;
place in the European situation, 295;
English invasion, 298;
_Confession of Faith, Book of Discipline, Book of Common Order_,
302 _ff._

Scoto-Pelagian Theology, 474, 570.

Scottish Church and Civil supremacy, 8.

_Scottish Liturgy_ and English alliance, 298; 306.

Scripture, Holy. See _Rule of Faith_.

Sea-Beggars, The, capture Brill, 260;
defeat Spanish fleet, 261, 263;
relieve Leyden, 264; 201.

Secular control over ecclesiastical matters, 8, 129;
in Spain, 489.

Sempach, Battle of, 26.

Seneca, _De Clementia_, 12, 96.

Senlis, Battle of, 214.

Sens, The French Council of, 144.

Seripando, Girolamo, General of the Augustinian Eremites, on the
_Doctrine of Justification_, 578.

Servede (Servetus) Miguel de, _monument expiatoire_ to, 130 _f._;
424 and _n._, 471.

Seville, College at, 491.

_Signa exhibitiva_ and _representativa_, 59.

Simon, Preacher at Aigle, 69.

Simonetta, Luigi, Cardinal, duties at Trent, 590.

Simons, Menno, organised Baptist Churches, 422, 469.

_Sin, Doctrine of_, at the Regensburg Conference, 519 _f._;
at the Council of Trent, 575 _f._

Singing, congregational, 105.

Sion, The Bishop of, 68.

_Sixteen, The_, 211, 213, 218.

Sixtus V., Pope, 208 _f._

Socinianism began with a criticism of doctrines, 473;
and Humanism, 474;
and Scotist theology, 474;
its idea of _Faith_, 475;
of _Scripture_, 476;
God is _Dominium Absolutum_, 477 _ff._;
the Atonement superfluous, 478;
doctrine of the _Church_, 480 _ff._

Socimians called the _Polish Brethren_, 473.

Soleure, 73.

Solothurn, Swiss Canton, 22.

Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of, Lord Protector of England, 283,
299, 352, 359.

Sommières, Huguenot stronghold, 201.

Sorbonne, The, the theological faculty in the University of Paris,
drafts a series of articles against Calvin's _Institutio_, 147;
its list of Prohibited Books, 148, 603; 95, 139, 142, 144 _f._, 146.

Sozzini, Fausto, founder of the Socinian Church, 422, 429, 471;
found that the Polish Unitarians were Anabaptists, 472.

Sozzini, Lelio, 427 and _n._, 470 _f._, 473.

_Space, Presence in_, 57, 59, 412 _f._

Spaniards and Luther, 18, 493 _f._

_Spanish Fury, The_, 265.

Spanish treasure ships seized by Queen Elizabeth, 259.

Spanish troops in the Netherlands, 245, 265.

Spanish idea of a reformation, 488 _ff._

Speyer, 41.

_Spiritual Exercises, The_, 532, 537, 538-545, 548, 555, 561, 585.

_Stäbler or Staffmen, The_, Anabaptists, 441.

Stadt, Karl, on the sacramental controversy, 53.

_Staffort Book, The_, 4 _n._

Staprade, Anabaptist preacher in Münster, 456.

States-General, The, of France, 177, 180 _ff._, 185 _f._, 206, 212;
of the Netherlands, 241, 266.

Stipends of clergy, 69.

Stoicism and the Reformed theology, 13.

Straelen, Anthony van, 255.

Strassburg, 20, 43, 48, 60, 101, 124 _f._, 129, 144, 152, 453.

_Submission of the Clergy_ (England), 327.

_Substance_ and _Presence_, 59, 412 _f._

_Superintendents_ in the Scottish Church, 305, 308.

Supper, Doctrine of the Holy, at the Regensburg Conference, 522 _f._,
at the Council of Trent, 583.

_Supreme Governor of the Church_ (England), 393, 418 _f._

_Supreme Head of the Church_ (England), 327, 331, 393 and _n._

Swiss soldiers, 23 _f._, 32.

Switzerland, political condition, 21 _ff._,
how Christianised, 23;
religious war in, 49.

Synod of the _Brethren_, 435.

Synod of the _Socinians_ at Krakau, 472.

_Synods_ of the Reformed Churches, at _Bern_, 73, 118;
at _Lausanne_, 118;
at _Zurich_, 121;
in the _French Protestant Church_, 167, 168;
at _Mantes_, 221;
in the _Dutch Church_, 271;
difficulties in the way of a _National Dutch Synod_, 272;
in Scotland, 304.

Talavera, Fernando de, Confessor to Isabella of Castile, 490.

Temples (churches), 184.

_Ten Articles, The_, of the English Church, 10, 333 _ff._

Teresa, Saint, 506, 531, 543.

_Testament and Complaynt of the Papyngo_, 278.

Theatre, French, and the Reformation, 151.

_Theses_, Zwingli's _Sixty-seven_, 33.

_Theses of Bern, The Ten_, 42, 45 _f._

_Thèses évangéliques de Genève, The_, 85.

_Thèses, évangéliques of Lausanne_, 103.

_Theses_, Luther's, 17.

_Theses_, Rothmann's, 454.

_Thirty-eight Articles, The_. See _Articles_.

_Thirty-nine Articles_. See _Articles_.

Thirty Years' War, 2.

Thomas Aquinas, St., 78, 82, 491, 575.

Thomas of Canterbury, St., 345.

_Thomism, The New_, arose in Spain, 491 _f._;
at the Council of Trent, 571, 577, 580, 582.

Thorens, Seigneur de, his house used in Geneva by the Evangelicals,
83 _n._

Throckmorton, Sir Nicholas, Elizabeth's Ambassador in Paris, 296 _f._

Thyez, The people of, and secular excommunication, 112 _n._; 117.

_Tiger of France, Epistle sent to the_, 176.

Tithes, attacked, 31, 446.

Toggenburg Valley, 24.

Toledo, College at, 491.

Torquemada, Thomas de, Inquisitor, 598 _f._

_Tournelle, La_, criminal court of the _Parlement_ of Paris, 170.

Tournon, Cardinal de, 149, 187.

Tours, Church at, 166;
Battle at, 214;
Henry IV. at, 214, 216, 220.

_Tradition, Dogmatic_, 423, 573 _f._

_Transubstantiation_, 333, 412.

Trent, City of, 564 _f._

Trent, Council of; _First Meeting_, 564-581;
papal legates at, 565 _f._;
differences among the Romanist powers at, 566 _f._;
debates on procedure, 568 _ff._;
_Second Meeting_, 581-587;
definition of the doctrine of the Sacraments, 582 _ff._;
_Third Meeting_, 587 _ff._;
varying views about the reorganisation of the Church, 588 _ff._;
was to be a continuation of the former Council, 589;
procedure at, 589 _f._;
work of Cardinal Simonetta at, 590;
what the Council did for the Roman Catholic Church, 594;
its list of prohibited books, 604;
211, 247 _f._, 416, 517.

_Triumvirate, The_, Montmorency, St. André and Guise, 184, 190, 193.

Tschudi, Peter, a Humanist, 18 _n._

_Tulchan Bishops_, 360 and _n._

Tunstall, Cuthbert, Bishop of Durham, 371, 373.

_Twelve Articles, The_ (The Apostles' Creed), 518.

_Twenty-one Articles, The_, of the Anabaptists, 459, 465.

Tyndale, William, 279, 317, 319, 337 _ff._, 377.

_Ubiquity, Doctrine of_, 4, 7, 57, 412 _f._

Udall, Nicholas, translated into English the Paraphrases of Erasmus,
353.

Ulm, 53.

_Uniformity_. See _Act of_.

Unterwalden, a Forest Canton, 21 _f._, 47.

Uri, a Forest Canton, 21 _f._, 47.

Ursinus, Zachary, 4 _n._

Utrecht protests against Alva's taxation, 259.

Vadianus. See _Watt_.

Valais, The, 22, 48;
the Bishop of the, 41.

Valladolid, University of, 491.

Val Tellina, The, 50.

Vargas, Juan de, 255.

Vassy, Massacre at, 189 _f._

Vatable, Francis, a royal lecturer in Paris, 96.

Vax, Antonia, attempts to poison Farel and others, 84 and _n._

Vermigli, Peter Martyr, 358.

_Vestments (Ornaments)_, Controversy about, 364, 403, 405 and _n._

_Vicar-General_ (England), 332.

Vidomne of Geneva, 62, 117.

Vienna, University of, 25, 607.

Viret, Pierre, in Geneva, 81 _ff._, 112.

_Visitation_, Spanish Crown had the right of ecclesiastical, 491.

_Visitations_ of the Church in England, 332; 353, 407, 410.

Vlissingen (Flushing), seized by the _Sea-Beggars_, 260.

Voes, Heinrich, martyr in the Netherlands, 224, 230.

Volkertz, Jan, Anabaptist martyr, 236.

_Vulgate, The Latin_, and the Council of Trent, 573 _f._

Wagner, Sebastian, 43 and _n._

Walcheren, Island of, 254, 260.

_Waldenses_, 92, 148.

Waldshut, The _Brethren_ met at, 434.

Wallen, Jan, Anabaptist martyr, 236.

War of Public Weal in France, 19;
Religious wars in France, 191 _ff._;
in Switzerland, 49 _ff._;
of the Moors and Christians in Spain, 488.

Warham, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, 18, 317, 320, 322, 329, 338.

Watt, Joachim de (Vadianus), a Humanist, 25 _n._, 47.

Watteville, M. de, Advoyer of Bern, 44;
Nicholas de, 45 and _n._;
J. J. de, Advoyer of Bern, 45 _n._, 73.

_Weekly Exercise, The_ (Scotland), 308.

_Welches, La Dispute de_, 44.

Werly, Pierre, a turbulent canon of Geneva, 65, 76 and _n._, 77 _n._

Wesen, 25.

Wessel, John of, 15, 226.

Westminster, Conference at, 20, 400 _ff._

Wiclif, 19, 317 _f._;
influence in Scotland, 277.

_Wiclifites_, 92, 317.

Wieck, van der, Lutheran Syndic of Münster, 456 _f._, 460.

Wied, Hermann von, Archbishop of Köln, 3, 558.

_Wild-Beggars, The_, 257.

Wildermuth, a soldier of Bern, 91.

Wildhaus, Zwingli's birthplace, 24.

_Wilhelmus van Nassouwe_, 261.

Willebroek, 255.

William of Orange. See _Nassau_.

Wishart, George, Scottish martyr, 284.

Wittenberg, 6, 11, 453.

_Wittenberg Articles, The_, 341.

_Wittenberg Concord_, 60.

Wölfflin, Heinrich (Lupulus), 25.

Wolmar, Melchior, taught Calvin at Bourges, 95.

Wolsey, Cardinal, 18, 319, 320, 324, 325, 343.

_Works, Merit in_, 33.

Worms, Conference at, 124, 125, 126.

Worms, Diet of, three forces met at, 495.

Würtemburg, 48.

Wyatt, Sir Thomas, 371.

Wyttenbach, Thomas, 10, 27, 38, 46.

Xavier, Francis, 537, 556, 559.

Ximenes de Cisneros, Francesco, Cardinal, 490 _ff._, 493, 497, 530.

Yaxley, Francis, agent of Mary of Scotland, 420 _n._

Ypres, 254.

Zug, Swiss Canton, 22, 47.

Zurich, Great Council in, 29, 33 _ff._;
_Public Disputations_ in, 34 _f._;
at war with the Forest Cantons, 49;
_Consensus of_, 60;
synod at, 122;
ecclesiastical discipline in, 129;
Anabaptists in, 441.

Zutphen burnt by the Spaniards, 261.

Zutphen, Hendrik of, 228, 230.

_Zwickau Prophets_, 431.

Zwingli, Bartholomew, Dean of Wesen, 25 _f._

Zwingli, Huldreich, the Elder, 25.

Zwingli, Huldreich, youth and education, 24;
moral character, 37;
Humanism and, 10, 37;
and Luther, 27, 55 _f._;
comes to Zurich, 28 _ff._;
his _Sixty-seven Theses_, 6 _n._, 33;
and Anna Reinhard, 36;
theory of civil control over the Church, 8, 111, 112, 129;
on Indulgences, 16;
views on the Sacrament of the Holy Supper, 55;
on ecclesiastical excommunication, 111 _f._, 129;
and the Anabaptists, 445.

Zwinglianism, 411.

Zwolle, full of Anabaptists, 237.

_Printed by_
MORRISON & GIBB LIMITED
_Edinburgh_

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 1: The fierce old Pontiff, Paul IV., declared in a Bull (Feb. 15, 1559) that the mere fact of heresy in princes deprived them of all lawful power; but he named no one. When his successor proposed, in 1563, to excommunicate Elizabeth of England by name simply as a Protestant, he was taken to task sharply by the Emperor Ferdinand; and the Queen was finally excommunicated in 1570 as a partaker "in the atrocious mysteries of Calvinism," and as such outside the Peace of Augsburg.]

[Footnote 2: In the _Atlas zur Kirchengeschichte_ by Heussi and Mulert (Tübingen, 1905), there is an attempt to represent to the eye the presence of German Protestants outside the territories of the Lutheran princes; Map x. _Zur Geschichte der deutschen Reformation und Gegenreformation_.]

[Footnote 3: The fullest account of these German Reformed confessions is to be found in Müller's _Die Bekenntnisschriften der reformirten Kirche_--the _Emden Catechism_ (1554), pp. 1 and 666; the _Heidelberg Catechism_ (1563), pp. 1, 682; the _Nassau Confession_ of the Dillenburg Synod (1578), liii, 720; the _Bremen Consensus_ (1595), liv, 739; the _Staffort Book_ (1559) for Baden, liv, 797; the _Confession of the General Synod of Cassel_, lv and 817, and the _Hessian Catechism_ (1607), 822; and the _Bentheim Confession_ (1613), 833. All these German Reformed confessions followed Melanchthon in his endeavours to unite the Calvinist and the Lutheran doctrinal positions.

By far the most celebrated, and the only one which maintains its place as a doctrinal symbol down to the present day, is the _Heidelberg Catechism_. It was drafted at the suggestion of the Elector Frederick the Pious by two theologians, Caspar Olevianus and Zacharias Ursinus, who were able to express in a really remarkable degree the thoughts of German Protestants who could not accept the hard and fast Lutheranism of the opponents of Melanchthon. It speedily found favour in many parts of Germany, although its strongest supporters belonged to the Rhine provinces. It was in use both as a means of instruction and as a doctrinal symbol in most of the German Reformed Churches along with their own symbolical books. Its use spread to Holland and beyond it. Two separate translations appeared in Scotland. The earlier is contained in (Dunlop's) _Collection of Confessions of Faith.... of public authority in the Church of Scotland_, under the title, _A Catechism of the Christian Religion, composed by Zachary Ursinus, approved by Frederick III. Elector Palatine, the Reformed Church in the Palatinate, and by other Reformed Churches in Germany; and taught in their schools and churches: examined and approved, without any alteration, by the Synod of Dort, and appointed to be taught in the reformed churches and schools in the Netherlands: translated and printed Anno 1591 by public authority for the use of Scotland, with the arguments and use of the several doctrines therein contained, by Jeremias Bastingius; sometimes printed with the Book of Common Order and Psalm Book._]

[Footnote 4: Compare vol. i. pt. i. 42 _ff._]

[Footnote 5: The most complete collection of those Reformed creeds is given in Müller, _Die Bekenntnisschriften der reformirten Kirche_ (Leipzig, 1903). The most important are the following (the figures within brackets give the pages in Müller):--

SWITZERLAND.--Zwingli's _Theses_ of 1523 (xvi, 1); _First Helvetic Confession_ of 1536 (xxvi, 101); _Geneva Confession_ of 1536 (xxvi, 111); _Geneva Catechism_ of 1545 [(xxviii, 117) translated in (Dunlop's) _Confessions_, etc., ii, 139].

ENGLAND.--Edwardine _Forty-two Articles_ of 1553, _Thirty-eight Articles_ of 1563, _Thirty-nine Articles_ of 1571 (xlii, 505); _Lambeth Articles_ of 1595 (xliv, 525); _Irish Articles_ of 1615 (xliv, 526).

SCOTLAND.--_Scottish Confession_ of 1560, _National Covenant_ of 1581 [(xxxv, 249), (Dunlop's) _Confessions_, etc., ii. pp. 21 and 103].

FRANCE.--_Confessio Gallicana_ of 1559 (xxxii, 221).

NETHERLANDS.--_Confessio Belgica_ of 1561 (xxxiv, 233); _Netherlands Confession_ of 1566 (xxxv, 935); _Frisian Confession_ of 1528 (xxi, 930).

HUNGARY.--_Hungarian Confession_ of 1562 (xxviii, 376).

BOHEMIA.--_Bohemian Confession_ of 1609 (xxxix, 453).]

[Footnote 6: It has been suggested that the ecclesiastical jurisdiction which grew out of the Elizabethan settlement of religion in England borrowed not a few characteristics from the Lutheran consistorial courts.]

[Footnote 7: William Farel, a devoted Zwinglian, was called a "Lutheran preacher" by the authorities of Freiburg (Herminjard, _Correspondance_, ii. 205_n._), and the teaching of himself and his colleagues was denounced as the "Lutheran heresy." This was the _popular_ view. Educated and reforming Frenchmen like Lefèvre discriminated: they had no great liking for Luther, and admired Zwingli (_ibid._ i. 209_n._).]

[Footnote 8: Peter Tschudi, writing to Beatus Rhenanus from Paris (May 17th, 1519) says: "Reliqui, quod equidem literis dignum censeam, nil superest, quam M. Lutheri opera ab universa eruditorum cohorte obviis ulnis excipi, etiam iis qui minimum sapiunt plausibilia" (Herminjard, _Correspondance des Réformateurs dans les pays de langue française_, 2nd ed. i. 46). In Nov. 1520, Glareanus wrote to Zwingli that Paris was excited over the Leipzig Disputation; and Bulæus shows that twenty copies of a pamphlet, entitled _Disputatio inter egregios viros et doctores Joa. Eckium et M. Lutherum_, arrived in Paris on Jan. 20th, 1520 (_ibid._ 62, 63_n._).]

[Footnote 9: A. Rilliet, _Les Origines de la Confédération Suisse: Histoire et Légende_ (Geneva, 1869); J. Dierauer, _Geschichte der schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft_ (Gotha, 1890).]

[Footnote 10: SOURCES: O. Myconius, "Vita Huldrici Zwinglii" (in Neander's _Vitæ Quatuor Reformatorum_, Berlin, 1841); H. Bullinger, _Reformationsgeschichte_ (Frauenfeld, 1838-40); Johann Salat, _Chronik der schweizerischen Reformation von deren Anfüngen bis 1534_ (vol. i. _of Archiv für schweizerische Reformationsgeschichte_, Solothurn, 1868); Kessler, _Sabbata_ (ed. by Egli, St. Gall, 1902); Strickler, _Actensammlung zur schweizerischen Reformationsgeschichte in den Jahren 1521-32_ (Zurich, 1877-84); Egli, _Actensammlung zur Geschichte der Züricher Reformation, 1519-33_ (Zurich, 1879); W. Gisi, _Actenstücke zur Schweizergeschichte der Jahre 1521-22_ (vol. xv. of _Archiv für die schweizer. Geschichte_), pp. 285-318; Herminjard, _Correspondance des Réformateurs dans les pays de langue française_ (Geneva, 166-93); Stähelin _Briefe aus der Reformationszeit_ (Basel, 1887).

LATER BOOKS: Stähelin, _Huldreich Zwingli: sein Leben und Wirken nach den Quellen dargestellt_, 2 vols. (Basel, 1895-97); Mörikofer, _Ulrich Zwingli nach den urkundlichen Quellen_, 2 vols. (Leipzig, 1867-69); S. M. Jackson, _Huldreich Zwingli, 1484-1531_ (New York, 1901); _Cambridge Modern History_, II. x. (Cambridge, 1903); Ruchat, _Histoire de la Réformation de la Suisse_, ed. by Vulliemin, 7 vols. (Paris, 1835-38).]

[Footnote 11: Joachim de Watt, a native of St. Gallen (b. 1484, December 30) was a distinguished scholar. He became successively physician, member of council, and burgomaster in his native town, and did much to establish the Reformation; he was a well-known author, and wrote several theological works.]

[Footnote 12: Heinrich Loriti was the most distinguished of all the Swiss Humanists. He studied successively at Bern, Vienna, and Köln, and attained the barren honour of being made Court-poet to the Emperor Maximilian. At Basel, where he first settled, he kept a boarding school for boys who wished to study the classics, and in 1517 he transferred himself and about twenty young Switzers, his pupils, to Paris. He modelled his school, he was pleased to think, on the lines of the Roman Republic, was Consul himself, had a Senate, a prætor, and meetings of Comitia. He remained a fast friend of Zwingli.]

[Footnote 13: Johann Heigerlin (Faber) remained a steadfast Romanist. He became vicar-general to the Bishop of Constance, and as such was an antagonist of Zwingli. He ended his days as Bishop of Vienna. He wrote much against Luther, and was known as the "hammer of the Lutherans." Along with Eck and Cochlæus, he was the distinguished champion of the Romanist cause in Germany.]

[Footnote 14: For details about Zwingli's papal pension, cf. S. M. Jackson, _Huldreich Zwingli_, p. 114.]

[Footnote 15: Cf. Schaff, _Creeds of the Evangelical Protestant Churches_ (London, 1877), p. 197; Niemeyer, _Collectio Confessionum in ecclesiis reformalis, publicatarum_ (Leipzig, 1840), p. 3; Müller, _Die Bekenntnisschriften der reformierten Kirche: Zwinglis Theses von 1523_, Art. 49, p. 5.]

[Footnote 16: Müller, _Die Bekenntnisschriften der reformierten Kirche_ (Leipzig, 1903), pp. xviii and 7. The _Instruction_ is a lengthy document.]

[Footnote 17: Literal translations of these hymns are given in Professor Macauley Jackson's _Huldreich Zwingli, the Reformer of German Switzerland_ (New York and London, 1903), pp. 133, 134.]

[Footnote 18: Stähelin, _Briefe aus der Reformationszeit_, pp. 15-19.]

[Footnote 19: William Farel was born in 1489 at a village near Gap in the mountainous south-east corner of Dauphiné, on the border of Provence. He belonged to a noble family, and was devout from his earliest years. He describes a pilgrimage which he made as a child in his book _Du vray usage de la croix de Jésus-Christ_ (pp. 223 _f._). All through his adventurous life he preserved his rare uprightness of character, his fervent devotion, and his indignation at wrong-doing of all kinds. He persuaded his parents to allow him to go to Paris for education, and reached the capital about 1509. He probably spent twelve years there, partly as student and partly as professor in the college Le Moine. There he became the friend and devoted disciple of Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples, and this friendship carried him safely through several religious crises in his life. He followed Lefèvre to Meaux, and was one of the celebrated "group" there. When persecution and the timidity or scruples of the bishop caused the dispersion of these preachers, Farel went back to Dauphiné and attempted to preach the Gospel in Gap. He was not allowed _parce qu'il n'estoit ne moine ne prestre_, and was banished from the district by bishop and people. He next tried to preach in Guyenne, where he was equally unsuccessful. Thinking that there was no place in France open to him, he took himself to Basel. There he asked the University to allow him to hold a public disputation on certain articles which he sent to them. The authorities refused. He then addressed himself to the Council of the city, who permitted the discussion. The thirteen articles or _Theses_ defended by Farel are given in Herminjard, _Correspondance des Réformateurs dans les pays de langue française_ (i. 194, 195). He gathered a little church of French refugees at Basel (the _ecclesiola_ of his correspondence), but was too much the ardent and impetuous pioneer to remain quietly among them. By the end of July 1524 he was preaching at Montbèliard, some miles to the south of Belfort, and the riots which ensued caused Oecolampadius to beseech him to temper his courage with discretion (Herminjard, _Correspondance_, etc., i. 255). He went thence to Strassburg (April 1525), to Bern, attempted to preach in Neuchâtel, and finally (middle of November 1526) opened a school at Aigle, an outlying dependency of Bern, hoping to get opportunity to carry on his evangelistic work. He was soon discovered, and attempts were made to prevent his preaching; but the authorities of Bern insisted that he should be unmolested. In the beginning of 1527 he was actively engaged at the great Disputation in Bern. That same year he was made pastor of Aigle and put in possession of the parsonage and the stipend; but such work was too tame for him. He made long preaching tours; we find him at Lausanne, Morat, Orbe, and other places, always protected by the authorities of Bern. He began his work in Geneva in 1532.]

[Footnote 20: Berthold Haller was born at Aldingen (1492); studied at Rothweil and Pforzheim, where he made the acquaintance of Melanchthon. He became a Bachelor of Theology of the University of Köln; taught for some time at Rothweil, and then at Bern (1513-1518). He was elected people's priest in the great church there in 1521. His sympathetic character and his great eloquence made him a power in the city; but his discouragements were so many and so great that he was often on the point of leaving. Zwingli encouraged him to remain and persevere.]

[Footnote 21: Sebastian Meyer was a priest from Elsass who had been preaching in Bern since 1518 against the abuses of the Roman Church. The notorious conduct of the Dominicans in Bern (1507-9), and the action of Samson, the Indulgence-seller, in 1518, had made the Bernese ready to listen to attacks against Rome.]

[Footnote 22: Herminjard, _Correspondance des Réformateurs dans les pays de langue française_ (2nd ed.), ii. 55.]

[Footnote 23: _Ibid._ ii. 94, 95.]

[Footnote 24: _Ibid._ ii. 61, 74, 89, 94, 96.]

[Footnote 25: Ruchat, _Histoire de la Réformation de la Suisse_, i. 368.]

[Footnote 26: The invitation began: "Nous l'Advoyer, le petit et le grand Conseil de la cité de Berne, à tous et à chascun, spirituelz et séculiers, prélatz, abbés, prévostz, doyens, chanoynes, curés, sacrestains, vicaires prescheurs de la Parolle de Dieu, et à tous prebstres, séculiers ou réguliers, et à tous Noz advoyers, chastellains, prévostz, lieutenans, et tous autres officiers et à tous Noz chers, féaulx et aymés subjectz, et à tous manans et habitans de Nostre domaine et ségnorie aux quelz les presentes lètres viendront,--Salut, grâce et bénivolance!

"Sçavoir faisons, combien que Nous ayons fait beaucoup d'ordonnance et mandemens publiques, pour la dissension de nostre commune foy Chrestienne, à ce meuz et espoirans, que cela profiteroit à la paix et concorde Chrestienne, comme chose très utile," etc.; Herminjard, ii. 54.]

[Footnote 27: Cf. _Scots Confession_ of 1560, Art. xix.: "The trew Kirk quhilk alwaies heares and obeyis the voice of her awin Spouse and Pastor."]

[Footnote 28: The _Theses_, in the original German, are printed by Müller, _Bekenntnisschriften der reformierten Kirche_ (Leipzig, 1903), pp. xviii, 30; and in French by Herminjard in _Correspondance des Réformateurs dans les pays de langue française_ (2nd ed.), ii. 59, 60.]

[Footnote 29: Sebastian Wagner was born at Schaffhausen in 1476. He studied at Paris under Lascaris, taught theology in the Franciscan monastery at Zurich, then at Constance. He adopted the Reformation, and, returning to his native town, became its reformer.]

[Footnote 30: Herminjard, _Correspondance des Réformateurs_, etc. ii. 95 _n._]

[Footnote 31: Herminjard, _Correspondance des Réformateurs_, etc. ii. 55.]

[Footnote 32: _Ibid._ ii. 99 _n._]

[Footnote 33: _Ibid._ ii. 98 _n._]

[Footnote 34: Nicholas de Watteville, born in 1492, was canon of St. Vincent in Bern, protonotary apostolic, prior of Montpreveyres, and provost of Lausanne. He visited Rome in 1517, and there received the Abbey of Montheron; and the year following he was made a papal chamberlain to Pope Leo x. He gave up all his benefices on December 1st, and soon afterwards married Clara May, a nun who had left the convent of Königsfeld. He was always a great admirer of William Farel, and often interfered to protect the impetuous Reformer from the consequences of his own rashness. His younger brother, J. J. de Watteville, became Advoyer or President of Bern, and was a notable figure in the history of the Reformation in Switzerland. The family of de Watteville is still represented among the citizens of Bern.]

[Footnote 35: As early as June 15th, 1523, the Council of Bern had issued an ordinance for the preachers throughout their territories, which enjoined them to preach publicly and without dissimulation the Holy Gospel and the doctrine of God, and to say nothing which they could not establish by true and Holy Scripture; to leave entirely alone all other doctrines and discussions contrary to the Gospel, and in particular the distinctive doctrines of Luther. Later (May 21st, 1526), at a conference held between members of the Council of Bern, deputies from the Bernese communes, and delegates from the seven Roman Catholic cantons, it was agreed to permit no innovation in matters of religion. This agreement was not maintained long; and the Bernese went back to their ordinance of June 1523. It seems to have been practically interpreted to mean that preachers might attack the power of the Pope, and the doctrines of Purgatory and the Invocation of Saints, but that they were not to say anything against the current doctrine of the sacraments. Cf. Decrees of the Council of Bern, quoted in Herminjard, _Correspondance des Réformateurs dans les pays de langue française_, (Geneva, 1878), i. 434 _n._, ii. 23 _n._, also 20.]

[Footnote 36: Herminjard, _Correspondance_, etc., ii. 123, 138, 199, 225, etc. In Sept. 1530, Bern wrote to the Bishop of Basel, who had imprisoned Henri Pourcellet, one of Farel's preachers: "Nous ne pouvons d'ailleurs pas tolérer que ceux qui partagent notre foi chrétienne soient traités d'une telle manière," p. 277.]

[Footnote 37: SOURCES: E. F. K. Müller, _Die Bekenntnisschriften der reformierten Kirche_ (Leipzig, 1903), pp. 1-100; Hospinian, _Historia Sacramentaria_, 2 vols. (Geneva, 1681).

LATER BOOKS: Ebrard, _Das Dogma vom heiligen Abendmahl und seine Geschichte_ (Frankfurt a M. 1845-46), vol. ii.; Schweizer, _Die protestantischen Centraldogmen in ihrer Entwickelung innerhalb der reformierten Kirche_ (Zurich, 1854-56); Hundeshagen, _Die Konflikte des Zwinglianismus, Lutherthums, und Calvinismus in den Bernischen Landkirchen 1522-1558, nach meist ungedruckten Quellen dargestelt_ (Bern, 1842); compare also vol. i. 352 ff.]

[Footnote 38: Müller, _Die Bekenntnisschriften des reformierten Kirche_, p. 30.]

[Footnote 39: Cf. vol. i. 352 ff.]

[Footnote 40: Leibnitz, _Pensées de Leibnitz_, 2nd ed. (Paris, 1803) p. 106.]

[Footnote 41: Müller, _Die Bekenntnisschriften der reformierten Kirche_, p. 159.]

[Footnote 42: SOURCES: _Mémoires et documents publiés par la Société d'histoire et d'archæologie de Genève_ (especially vols. ii. v. ix. xv. xx.); Froment, _Les Actes et gestes marveilleux de la cité de Genève_ (ed. of 1854 by G. Revillod); La Soeur Jeanne de Jussie, _Le Levain du Calvinisme_ (ed. of 1865); G. Farel, _Lettres certaines d'aucuns grandz troubles et tumultes advenuz à Genève, avec la disputation faicte l'an 1534_ (Basel, 1588); _Registres du Conseil de Genève_ (known to me only through the extracts given by Herminjard, Doumergue, and others); Herminjard, _Correspondance des Réformateurs dans les pays de langue française_, 9 vols. (Geneva, etc., vols. i. ii. in a 2nd edition, 1878, vols. iii.-ix. 1870-97); Calvin, _Opera omnia_, vols. xxix.-lxxxvii. of the _Corpus Reformatorum_ (Brunswick and Berlin, 1869-97); Bonnet, _Lettres françaises de Jean Calvin_ (Paris, 1854); Beza, _Vita Calvini_ (vol. xlix. of the _Corpus Reformatorum_); Rilliet, _Le premier catéchisme de Calvin_ (Paris, 1878).

LATER WORKS: Doumergue, _Jean Calvin, les hommes et les choses de son temps_ (only three vols. published, Lausanne, 1899, 1902, 1905); Bungener, _Jean Calvin, sa vie, son oeuvre et ses écrits_ (Paris, 1862-63); Kampschulte, _Johann Calvin, seine Kirche und seine Stadt in Genf_ (Leipzig, 1869-99); A. Roget, _Histoire du peuple de Genève depuis la Reforme jusqu' à l'escalade_ (Geneva, 1870-83); Dunant, _Les relations politiques de Genève avec Berne et les Suisses de 1536-64_ (Geneva, 1894); Ruchat, _Histoire de la Réformation de la Suisse_, ed. by Vulliemin (Paris and Lausanne, 1835-38).]

[Footnote 43: Ruchat, _Histoire de la Réformation de la Suisse_ (Paris, 1835-38), iii. 138.]

[Footnote 44: We read of Luther's books being read in Geneva as early as May 1521, and that their effect was to give several of the people heart to care little for the threats of the Pope; in 1522, Cornelius Agrippa, writing to Capito (June 17th), and Haller, writing to Zwingli (July 8th), speak of Francis Lambert (_vir probus et diligens minister Verbi Dei_), who had preached in Geneva, Lausanne, Freiburg, and Bern; and in 1527, Hofen, secretary to the Council of Bern, writing to Zwingli (Jan. 15th), thinks that Geneva could be won for the Reformation,--he had noticed that the people no longer cared much for Indulgences or for the Mass (Herminjard, _Correspondance_, etc. i. 101-3, 318 _n._, ii. 9 f., 10 _n._; cf. 6).]

[Footnote 45: J. A. Gautier, _Histoire de Genève_ (Geneva, 1896), ii. 349. The nun, Soeur Jeanne de Jussie, in her _Levain du Calvinisme_ (p. 46), says "Au mois de Juin, dimanche matin, le 9, certain nombre de mauvais garçons plantèrent grands placards en impression par toutes les portes des églises de Genève, esquels estoient contenus les principaux poincts de la secte perverse luthérienne"; and another contemporary chronicler says that the placards promised a "grand pardon général de Jesus Christ" (Herminjard, _Correspondance_, etc. ii. 422 _n._).]

[Footnote 46: Their letter said that it was reported that "nonnullos ex Gebennensibus apposuisse certas cedulas inductorias ad novam legem, contra auctoritatem episcopalem, et quod habent libros et promulgant; quod est contra voluntatem D. Friburgensium" (_Ibid._ ii. 421 _n._).]

[Footnote 47: _Ibid._ ii. 424.]

[Footnote 48: Herminjard, _Correspondance_, ii. 425 _n._]

[Footnote 49: Cf. p. 39, _n._]

[Footnote 50: Herminjard, _Correspondance_, etc. ii. 22 _f._ Farel preached his first sermon at Aigle on Friday, Nov. 30th, 1526.]

[Footnote 51: _Ibid._ ii. 14, 15.]

[Footnote 52: _Ibid._ ii. 15 _n._]

[Footnote 53: _Ibid._ ii. 31 _n._]

[Footnote 54: Farel seems to have asked his converts to submit to baptism; they were baptized in the presence of the congregation on making a solemn and public profession of their faith.--_Ibid._ 48 _n._]

[Footnote 55: Herminjard, _Correspondance_, etc. ii. 105 _n._]

[Footnote 56: _Ibid._ ii. 130, 131.]

[Footnote 57: Herminjard, _Correspondance_, etc. ii. 131 _n._]

[Footnote 58: _Ibid._ ii. 137.]

[Footnote 59: M. Herminjard gives a list of their names--Claud de Glantinis, Alexandre le Bel, Thomas ----, Henri Pourcellet, Jean Bosset, Antoine Froment, Antoine Marcourt, Eymer Beynon, Pierre Marmoud, Hugues Turtaz, and perhaps Jean Holard, Pierre Simonin or Symonier, Claude Bigothier, Jean de Bély, Jean Fathon.]

[Footnote 60: Cf. letter of Farel to Fortunat Andronicus, in Herminjard, _Correspondance_, etc. ii. 307.]

[Footnote 61: Herminjard, _Correspondance_, etc. ii. 270 _n._]

[Footnote 62: Herminjard, _Correspondance_, etc. ii. 365 _n._, 390.]

[Footnote 63: _Ibid._ ii. 347, 372.]

[Footnote 64: _Ibid._ ii. 362 _n._]