Chapter X: Part 10

+Alvarez, Francisco+ (Chaplain of Portuguese mission in Abyssinia,
1520-27), 24, 167

+Ambergris+, 135, 213, 219

+Ameixoeira, João de+, 177

+Anafil+ (Arabic _El Nafir_), a sort of trumpet, 22, 42

+Anchovies+, 92

+Andaman+ Islands (12° N., 93° E., Maps I and VI), 220, 214 L.

+Anjediva+ Islands (14° 45´ N., 74° 5´ E., Map IV), 80, 200

+Antonio, Nicoláo+, quoted, xxv

+Arabian Sea+, 46, 87, 123, 130, 135, 198, 200

+Aragão, Texeira de+, quoted, xxi, 91, 94, 95, 111, 112, 147, 148,
173, 175, 176, 178, 225

+Ascension+ Island, or Conçeicão (80° S., 14° 10´ E., Map I), 190, 191

+Ascençao menor+, or Trinidad (20° 20´ S., 29° 20´ W., Map I), 191

+Astrolabes+, 167

+Atambur+, or Betel-nut, 56, 96

+Badger, Rev. G. P.+, quoted, 61, 138

+Bahar+, a weight, at Calcutta equal to 268.16 kilo = 459 pounds.
It was divided into 20 farazolas (farzilas) of 100 fens each, and
roughly accepted as equal to 4 quintals.

+Bahrein+ islands, Persian Gulf (26° N., 50° 30´ E., Map I), 139

+Balandrau+, a coat, 41

+Balasci+ (rubies), 130

+Baldelli Boni+, quoted, 121, 179

+Bale+ (Arabic _Wale_), governor, 51

+Baltasar+, a Moor of Calecut, 181

+Bananas+, 57

+Bandini. A.+, quoted, 120

+Baqua+, stone of (bezoar), 96

+Barbosa, Duarte+, quoted, 32, 98, 99, 100, 103, 130, 139

+Barca+, a term vaguely applied by the author to sailing boats,
where others make use of the more definite terms of “_fusta_”, or
“_zambuk_”.

+Barros, João de+, quoted, xx, 8, 9, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 31, 38,
40, 45, 48, 51, 92, 94, 98, 99, 157, 161, 164, 169, 175, 178, 179,
180

+Bastos, E. Pinto+, 161

+Bastos, José+, xxxvi, 118

+Bees+, 6

+Behaim, Martin+, (b. 1459, d. 1506), 165

+Belnos+, quoted, 54

+Benapa+, Mtapwa (3° 56´ S., 39° 40´ E., Map III), 40

+Bengal+ (24° N., 100° E, Map I), 100, 101, 220

+Bent, Theodore+, quoted, 139

+Benzoin+, 99, 101, 103, 213

+Berchet, Prof. Guglielmo+, xxxvi, 119, 157, 158

+“Berrio”+, enters Rio dos bons Signaes, 19;
at Mombaça, 37;
at Anjediva, 84

+Berrio+, name of a pilot, 158

+Betel-nut+ (atambur), 56, 96

+Bezoar+ (Stone of Baqua), 96

+Biagi, Prof.+, xxxvi, 119

+Birch, Dr. Walter de Gray+, quoted, 145, 146, 149

+Bisarma+, a two-edged battle-axe, 67

+Bittner, Dr. M.+, quoted, 208, 216

+Bombards+, 3, 164

+Boni+, _see_ +Baldelli+.

+Bons signaes, Rio dos+ (18° S., 37° E., Map III), 19, 124, 146,
173, 196

+Braça+, or fathom, as used by seamen, equal to 8 palmas or 5.76 feet

+Braga, Alvaro de+, clerk of the _Berrio_, 67, 176

+Bragança, Duke of+, agrees to sell Vidigueira, 228

+Braz+, _see_ +São Braz+.

+Brazil wood+, 99, 102, 104

+Breech-loaders+, 164

+Bretschneider, E.+, quoted, 132

+Buchanan, Claudius+, quoted, 137

+Bull+ of Alexander VI (1497), 115

+Burton, Sir R.+, quoted, 20, 23, 33, 36, 44, 52, 53, 79

+Cabaya+, a silk robe reaching to the ankles.

+Cabral, Jorge+ (governor of India, 1549-50), 159, 160

+Cabral, Pedro Alvarez+, the navigator, 18, 38, 44, 178, 179, 190,
note 2 (supposed discovery of Tristão da Cunha), 205

+Caçadilho+, Cazadillo, village near Salamanca, Spain. _See_
+Vilhegas+.

+Cael+ (8° 40´ N., 78° 5´ E., Map I), 98

+Cairo+, Egypt, 78, 113

+Caldwell, Rev. Dr.+, quoted, 98

+Calecut+ (11° 15´ N., 75° 45´ E., Map IV);
arrival, 48;
description, 49, 125;
pagodas, 52, 126, 137, 139;
royal palace 55;
the Zamorin or King, 57, 127, 132;
Portuguese sailors visit the city, 69;
a Padrão set up, 74, 75;
commerce, 77, 96, 115, 127, 135, 142;
Sernigi’s account, 125, 142;
legend on Canerio’s map, 213

+Çamatarra+ (Sumatra, 0°, 110° E., Map I); 98, 101, 213, 220

+Cambay+ (22° 20´ N., 72° 35´ E., Map IV), 47, 213 A.

+Camoens+, quoted, 26, 178

+Çamolim+, _see_ +Zamorin+.

+Campo, Antonio de+, in Delagoa Bay, 18

+Cananor+ (11° 50´ N., 75° 20´ E., Map IV), 79, 146, 200

+Canaries+ (29° N., 140° W., Map I) sighted, 2

+Canerio’s Map+, 16, 18, 21, 32, 210, 212

+Canestrini+, quoted, 119

+Cantino, Alberto+, his chart, xix, 208, 212

+Cão’s+ padrão at Cape Cross, 169

+Cape of Good Hope+ (34° 20´ S., 18° 32´ E., Map II) doubled, 8, 92,
192, 215

+Cape Verde+ islands (10° N., 24° W., Map I), 2, 94, 141, 142

+Capua+, or +Capocate+ (11° 20´ N., 75° 44´ E., Map IV), 48, 52

+Caputo, M. C.+, xxxvi, 208

+Caravels+, 157, 158

+Carneiro, Antonio+ (King Manuel’s secretary), 233, 235

+Carvalho e Vasconcellos, Capt. E. J. de+, _see_ +Vasconcellos+.

+Casa da Mina+, the “House”, or office, charged with the affairs of
the “mine” on the Gold Coast.

+Castanheda, Lopez de+, quoted, xx, xxiv, 1, 5, 6, 9, 21, 23, 26, 39,
48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 67, 77, 79, 94, 157, 161, 164, 166, 169, 173,
175, 178, 183; his signature, xxii

+Castro, João de+, (Governor and Viceroy of India, 1545-48), 159, 168

+Catalan Chart+, 211

+Catena a poppa+, 165

+Çatiguam+, Sadigam, or Shadigam (Satgaon on Hugli, 22° 15´ N., 88°
5´ E., Maps I and VIII), 220, 213 D

+Cattle+ among the Hottentots, 11, 12

+Catual+ (Kot-Wal), governor of a fort, 51

+Çeitil+, a small copper coin, worth one-third of a farthing, 7

+Ceylon+, (Çillan, 8° N., 80° E., Map I), 77, 98, 115, 135, 136, 144,
214 K.

+Chãos+, ilhéos; _see_ +Ilhéos+.

+Charton+, quoted, 53; _see_ +F. Denis+.

+Charts+ of Indian pilots, 26

+Chinese+ at Calecut, 131

+Chomandarla+ (Choromandel, on south-east coast of India), 98

+Christians+ at Mombaça, 35, 36, 39;
at Malindi, 40, 44, 45;
in India, 24, 114, 115, 125, 231;
at Calecut, 49, 53, 137

+Cidadym+, of Harar, 78, note 5

++Çillan+, _see_ +Ceylon+.

+Çinguapura+, Singapore (1° 20´ N., 104° E., Maps I and VII), 18, 196

+Cinnamon+, 77, 81, 86, 98, 103, 113, 213, 214;
boughs, 113

+Cipangu+ (Japan), xvii

+Cloves+, 77, 100, 103, 113, 213

+Cobilhões, Pedro de+ (Cobillones), _see_ +Covilhã+.

+Cobre, Rio de+ (24° 50´ S., 34° 25´ E., Map III), 18, 196

+Cochin+ (10° N., 76° 12´ E., Map IV), 146

+Coco-nut+ palm, 27

+Coelho, Nicolau+, captain of the _Berrio_, 175;
at St. Helena Bay, 5;
crossing Kilimani Bar, 196;
lost sight of, 14;
alleged ascent of river in South Africa, 193;
at Moçambique, 22, 27, 29, 197;
at *Malindi, 44;
at Calecut, 51, 66;
at Anjediva, 83, 84;
at Rio Grande, 152;
return to Lisbon, 93, 94, 201

+Çofalla+, _see_ +Sofalla+.

+Coge+ (Arabic, _Khojah_), lord, master

+Coimbra+ (40° 10´ N., 8° 25´ W.), xxii

+Coimbra, João de+, 30, 175

+Coins+ at Calecut, 128

+Coleu+, Coulão, Coulam (9° 10´ N., 76° 30´ E., Map IV), 98

+Columbus, Bartholomeu+, map of world, xix

+Columbus, Christopher+, compared with Gama, xv;
his first voyage, 189;
his latitudes, xviii;
his journal, xix

+Compass+, Mariner’s, 26

+Compass+, equinoctial and variation, 168

+Conimata+, Sumatra? a corrupt spelling of, 101

+Convicts+, _see_ +Degradados+.

+Copper+, 18, 96

+Cordeira, Luciano+, quoted, xxi, 2, 168, 225

+Cormorants+, 6

+Coromandel+ (south-east coast of India), 98

+Corongolor+, Crangalor (10° 10´ N., 76° 10´ E., Map IV), 97

+Correa, Gaspar+, his untrustworthiness, xx, 56, 193, 194;
Herculano’s eulogy, xxxiii;
Vasco’s ships, 164;
his padrões, 169;
his portrait, 150;
number of men, 173;
convicts, 48, 178;
Gaspar da Gama, 179;
Monçaide, 180;
Davane, 21 note 4, 41, 181;
departure from Lisbon, 185;
doubling the Cape, 193;
alleged mutiny, 194;
transactions at Cananor, 79;
concoction of a letter to the Zamorin, 58

+Correa, Manuel+, 178

+Correa, Ayres+, 158

+Cosa, Juan de la+, his chart, xix, 205

+Costa, D. Jorge da+, 112

+Costa, P. Antonio Carvalho da+, xiii

+Coulão+ (Coulam, 9° 10´ N., 76° 30´ E., Map IV), 98

+Covilhã, Pedro de+, a priest, 177

+Covilhão, Pero de+, 24, 167

+Crangalor+, Quorongoliz (10° 10´ N., 76° 10´ E., Map IV), 97

+Cross-bows+, 10, 12

+Cross-staff+, 26

+Cruz+, ilha da, Brazil (5° S., 40° W., Map I), 14, 15, 205

+Cruz+, ilhéo da, Algoa Bay (33° 48´ S., 25° 45´ E., Map II), 15, 195

+Cruzado+, a Portuguese gold coin, weighing 71.25 grãos (4,608 grãos
= 1 marc = 229.5 grammes) of fine gold, and consequently worth 9_s._
8_d._ It retained this value up to 1555, when, being coined of gold
having a fineness of 22⅝ carat only, its value was reduced to
9_s._ 2_d._

Up to 1499, 380 réis were accepted as the equivalent of a
cruzado; between 1499 and 1517 the rate of exchange was 390
réis, and after that date 400 réis. This shows that the relative
value of gold to silver was assumed to have been as 1:10 (in
England about the same time the rate of exchange was as 1:11).

The value of 100 réis was consequently 30.5_d._ up to 1499,
29.82_d._ from 1499 to 1517, and 29.08_d._ after 1517 (see
Nunes, _O livro dos Pesos, 1555_, published at Lisbon in 1868;
and M. B. Lopes Fernandes, _Memoria das moedas correntes em
Portugal_, Lisbon, 1856).

+Dalla Vedova, Prof.+, xxxvi, 133

+Dameiroeiro, João+, 177

+Davane+, the Moor, 21, 41, 181

+Declination+ of the sun, 167, 168

+Degradados+ (convicts or banished men), 174

+Delagoa Bay+ (26° S., 34° E.), its discovery, 19, 221

+Dely+, Eli, Mount (12° N., 75° 15´ E., Map IV), 47. 198

+Denis, Ferd.+, quoted, xxxiv, 53, 78

+Dias, Bartholomeu+ sails to Elmina, 2;
his conflict at the bay of S. Braz, 10;
his last padrão, 14, 15, 195;
builds Gama’s ships, 159

+Dias, Diogo+, 176;
factor at Pandarani, 67;
carries a message to the Zamorin, 70;
his imprisonment, 71, 73;
liberated, 74

+Dias, Pedro+, a convict, 178

+Dogs+ of the Hottentots, 6

+Dress+ at Calecut, 133

+Elephants+, how they are captured, 102;
at Mossel Bay, 11;
in India, 98, 99, 100, 133, 140

+Eli+, Dely, mount (12° N., 75° 15´ E., Map IV), 47, 198

+Empoli, Giovanni da+, quoted, 6, 99, 191

+Escolar, Pero+, pilot of the _Berrio_, x, 148, 175; _see_ +Escovar+.

+Escovar, Pero+, was associated with Santarem in the discovery of the
Gold Coast, 1471; another Pero Escovar went as pilot to the Congo,
1490; Barros and Resende call the pilot of the _Berrio_ Esolar and
not Escovar.

+Esphera+ de ouro, a coin, 170

+Esteves, Pero+, a convict, 178

+Evora+ (38° 33´ N., 7° 55´ W.), 235, 236

+Falcão, Luiz de Figueiredo+, 119, 147, 157

+False Bay+, South Africa (34° 15´ S., 18° 30´ E., Map II), 9, 215

+Fanão+, a coin, at Calecut worth 7.45_d._ (_see_ p. 69 _n._).

+Farazola+, Frasila, weight, at Calecut, equal to 10.4 kilos.,
or 22 lbs.

+Faria, Manuel de+, 170

+Faria, Severim de+, quoted, 175

+Faria e Figueiredo, Francisco de+, xxx, 177

+Faria e Figueiredo, Pedro de+, 177

+Faria y Sousa+, quoted, xxi, 46, 157, 173, 175, 177, 178

+Ferdinand, Valentin+, 178

+Fernandez, M. B. Lopez+, 170

+Figueiredo+, _see_ +Faria+ and +Falcão+.

+Figueiro, João+, a priest, xxxi, 177

+Fish+, 133

+Flutes+, 11

+Food+ at Calecut, 132

+Foot, Captn.+, view of Mombasa, 35

+Foster, William+, xxxvi

+Fowls+, 17

+Fracanzio di Montalboddo+, editor of _Paesi novamente retrovati_,
q. v.

+Francisco de S. Maria+, quoted, 177

+Frankincense+, 104, 213

+Fumos+ (25° S., 32° E., Map III), 17, 217

+Fusta+, a galley, 83

+Gabriel+, _see_ São +Gabriel+.

+Gallois, Prof. L.+, xxxvi, 210

+Galvão, Antonio+, quoted, 173, 198, 206

+Gama, Estevão da+, nephew of Vasco, Voyage to India, 191

+Gama, Gaspar da+, at Anjediva, 84, 152;
tortured, 86;
information on countries to the south, 95, 115, 121;
his history, 179, 180

+Gama, Paulo da+, offered the command of the expedition, xiii;
captain of the _S. Raphael_, 1;
loses the flagship, 2;
rejoins his brother, 3;
at St. Helena Bay, 8;
tends the sick, 21;
at Moçambique, 26, 31;
his ship aground at Malindi, 44;
at Calecut, 51, 65;
at Anjediva, 85;
his ship burnt, 91, 153;
alleged breaking-up of his ship, 146, 147;
his death, 94, 147, 148

+Gama, Vasco da+;
His birth, xiii;
qualification as a navigator, xiv;
compared with Columbus, xv;
his observations for latitude, xviii;
authorities on his first voyage, xix;
his death, xiv

_First Voyage._—The ships, 147, 151, 157-160;
muster-roll, 173;
despatch by King Manuel, 185, 230;
Lisbon, dep., 1, 123, 146, 148, 151, 153, 185;
Cape Verde, 3, 186;
across the Southern Atlantic, xvii, 3, 142, 186;
first landfall, 5, 189;
St. Helena Bay, 5, 192;
doubling the Cape, 8, 192;
S. Braz Bay, 9, 192;
alleged mutiny, 194;
a gale, 14, 194;
ilhéos chãos, 14, 195;
Ilhéos da Cruz, 15, 195;
Dias’ furthest, 15, 195;
the Agulhas current, viii, 15;
Rio do Cobre, 16, 196;
Rio dos bons Signaes, 19, 146;
Mozambique, 22, 146, 151, 197;
false start for the north, 28, 197;
the _S. Raphael_ aground, 33, 197;
Mombasa, 34, 198;
Malindi, 40, 146, 151, 198;
across the Arabian sea, 46, 198;
landfall near Mount Eli, 47, 198;
at Capocate, 48, 199;
royal audiences, 56, 61, 126;
capture of hostages, 72, 115, 180

Departure from Calecut, 76;
supposed visits to Cochin and Cananor, 146, 147, 200;
S. Maria islands and Anjediva, 80, 200;
across the Arabian Sea, 87, 200;
Magadoxo, 88, 200;
Malindi, 89, 200;
the _S. Raphael_ burnt, 91, 201;
Mozambique, 92, 201;
S. Braz Bay, 92, 201;
doubling the Cape, 92, 201;
Rio Grande, 93, 201;
return to Lisbon, 94, 113, 122, 124, 148

Loss of life during the voyage, 124, 141, 231

Second Voyage to India, 1502-3, 191, 233

Honours and rewards bestowed upon Vasco da Gama, 225-232
Instructions to Cabral, 190.

+Garnett, Dr. R.+, 119

+Gazelles+, 6

+Genoese+ needles, 26

+George+, _see_ +São Jorge+.

+Germanus, Henricus Martellus+, his Map, 204

+Ghats+, Western, in India, 199

+Ginger+, 77, 103, 113

+Giovanni da Empoli+, 6, 99, 191

+Goa+ (15° 25´ N., 73° 50´ E., Map IV), 219

+Goes, Damião de+, quoted, xx, 5, 8, 18, 19, 21, 26, 40, 45, 50, 53,
56, 57, 94, 112, 159, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180

+Gold+ of Sofala, 33, 113, 124

+Gonçalves, André+, 176

+Greiff, Dr. G.+, 121

+Guillen, Felipe+, 168

+Gujarat+ (Guzerat, 22° N., 72° E., Map IV), F 45, 63

+Gulf-weed+, 4

+Gulls+, 8

+Guzerate+ (Gujarat, 22° N., 72° E., Map IV), 45, 63

+“Guzerati”+, a merchant of Guzerat, or Gujarat, at Calecut, 63

+Hamy, Dr. E. T.+, quoted, 18, 19, 21, 32, 206

+Harar+, Cidadym of, 78

+Harrisse, Mr.+, 205

+Helena+, _see_ +Santa Helena+.

+Hellmann, G.+, quoted, 169

+Herculano+, quoted, xxiv, xxxiii, 41, 65, 195

+Herons+, 4

+Heyd, W.+, 130

+Hirth, F.+, 132

+Horsburgh, Captain+, 188

+Horses+, 133

+Hostages+ taken at Calecut, 72, 115;
carried to Portugal, 76

+Hottentots+, meeting with, 11-13

+Hour-glasses+, 168

+Hulot, Baron+, xxxvi

+Ilha da Cruz+, _see_ +Cruz+.

+Ilhas primeiras+ (17° S., 39° E., Map III), 21

+Ilhéos chãos+, low islets, Algoa Bay (33° 50´ S., 29° 18´ E., Map
II), 4, 195, 216

+Images+, worshipped by Portuguese and Indians, 24

+Incense+, 104, 213

+Infante, Rio de+ (_i.e._, River of J. Infante), frequently called
Rio _do_ Infante, _i.e._, River of the Infante, Prince Henry (33° 30´
S., 27° 8´ E., Map II), 14, 216

+Ivory+, 18

+Jack-fruit+, 57

+Jaus, Rev. J. J.+, quoted, xxxvi, 52, 54, 97

+Java+, on Canerio’s Map, 211

+Jeronymo de São José+, 177

+Jews+ at Calecut, 137

+Jidda+, Red Sea (21° 30´ N., 39° 10´ E., Map I), 78

+Jordanus, Friar+, quoted, 98

+Jorge+, _see_ +São Jorge+.

_Jornal das Viagens_, 145, 146

+Juromenho, Visconde+, 159

+Justice+, administration of, at Calecut, 135

+Kilwa+, _see_ +Quiloa+.

+Kioni+, Quioniete (30° 38´ S., 39° 50´ E., Map III), 40

+Kirk, Sir John+, quoted, xxxvi, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 45, 90

+Kohl, Dr.+, 205

+Kopke, Diogo+, quoted, xxii, xxiv, xxxii, 4, 5, 6, 13, 19, 24, 26,
32, 33, 38, 78, 97, 98, 99, 101, 120, 194

+Krishna+ and +Devaki+, 53

+Lac+, 98, 101, 102, 104, 213

+Laccadivas+ (10° N., 73° E, Map I), 134, 198

+Lambel+, striped cloth, 11

+Lamu+ (2° 15´ S., 40° 20´ E., Map III), 219

+Lançarote+ (29° N., 14° W.); pass to lee of it, 2

+Larks+, 6

+Latitudes+ on early maps, 213;
observed by Colon, xix

_Laurie’s Sailing Directory_, 190

+League.+ The Portuguese (Castilian) legoa of 7,500 varas was equal
to 6,269 meters, or 20,568 feet, and 17.72 of these legoas were
consequently equal to one mean degree of a meridian. The Portuguese
pilots generally assumed 17½ of these legoas to be equal to 1°;
and had they known the real size of the earth the league would have
been 6,350 m., an error of only 1.27 per cent. in the estimate of the
size of the earth as determined by observation for latitude taken at
sea.

There can hardly be a doubt that the Italian mile was the
same as the old Roman mile, and had a length of 1,480 m.
Consequently, 4.236 of these miles were equal to a legoa, and
when Sernigi (see p. 124) reckons 4¼ of these miles to a
legoa he is very near the truth. On the Cantino chart 75 Italian
miles are = 1° = 17.5 Portuguese legoas, and if we accept this
estimate the legoa would be = 4.29 Italian miles. The Portuguese
pilots at the Conference of Badajoz (1525), maintained, however,
that 1 legoa = 4 Italian miles. As to Prof. Wagner’s “Portulano
mile” (_Report of Sixth International Geographical Congress_,
p. 698) of only 1,265 m., its shortness is obviously due to the
very common over-estimate of distances, even when there is no
mileage charge as in the case of London cabmen.

+Leal, J. da Silva Mendes+, quoted, 95

+Leiria+ (39° 42´ N., 8° 50´ W.), 159

+Lelewel, Joachim+, 211

+Leguat, F.+, quoted, 6

+Lemos, Gaspar de+, 205

+Leonardo+ of Camões, 178

+Linen cloth+, 18

+Lindsay, W. S.+, 159, 161

+Lingams+, 83

+Linschoten’s+ _Itinerarium_, 203

+Loadstone+ islands, 129

+Lopes, Thomé+, 191

+Lourenço, Fernão+, 159

+Machado, Barbosa+, xxv

+Machado, João+, a convict, 178

+Mafia+, island (70° 50´ S., 39° 50´ E., Map III), 33

+Magadoxo+ (2° 20´ N., 45° 25´ E.), 88, 200, 219

+Magelhães, Fernão de+, xv

+Magnetic Variation+, 168

+Malabar+, casts, 49

+Malacca+, Malagua (2° 10´ N., 102° 10´ E., Map I), 77, 100, 220, 213
F.

+Malayalam+, vocabulary, 105

+Malema Cana+, or +Canaqua+, pilot, 46, 181

+Malindi+, Melinde (3° 12´ S., 40° 10´ E., Map III), 40, 89, 125, 146

+Malmsey+, wine, 131

+Manicongo+ (Congo), 17

+Manso, Paiva+, quoted, 167

+Manuel, King+, his letters on Vasco da Gama’s first voyage, 111, 230;
quoted, 96, 173, 233;
rewards to Gama, 225

+Maps+, early, 203

+Marcel, Gabriel+, xxxvi

+Marcos, Lucas+, an Abyssinian priest, 24, 167

+Maria+, _see_ +Santa Maria+.

+Mariz+, _Dialogues_, xiv

+Markham, Sir Clements R.+, quoted, xxxvi, 120, 165, 206, 208

+Markham, Admiral Albert H.+, xxxvi

+Marlota+, a Moorish jacket or jerkin, 25

+Matikal+, a gold coin, value at Moçambique about 12_s._; see p. 25

+Martins, Fernão+, at Moçambique, 23;
at Calecut, xxix, 50, 57, 62, 176

+Martinz, Fernão+, Royal Chaplain, xvi

+McCrindle, J. W.+, quoted, 26

+Masser, Leonardi da Chá+, 180, 227, 233

+Mecca+ (21° 20´ N., 45° E., Map I), 47, 87, 113, 125, 130

+Melequa+, _see_ +Malacca+.

+Melinde+, _see_ +Malindi+.

+Melons+, 57

+Mendes, A. Lopes+, quoted, 80

+Mendoso, J. de Escalante de+, quoted, 174

+Mendonça, H. Lopez de+, 158, 161, 162

+Mercy+, river of, is identical with the Rio dos bons signaes, 19,
146, 173

+Mexia, Sancho+, at St. Helena Bay, 6, 177

+Millet+, 17

+Misericordia, Rio da+, is identical with the Rio dos bons signaes,
19, 169, 173

+Mitkal+ (matikal), gold coin, 25

+Moçambique+ (15° S., 40° 45´ E., Map III);
arrival, 22, 146, 151, 197;
trade, 23, 69;
a conflict on return voyage, 92, 201

+Moçambique+ current, 197

+Modobar+, Meduar on Lingga (2° 30´ N., 102° E., Map VII), 213, 220 E.

+“Mohit”+, quoted, 26, 208

+Moll, A.+, map of Africa, 190

+Moluccas+, 77

+Mombaça+ (4° 5´ S., 39° 40´ E., Map III); arrival, 34;
return, 91

+Monçaide+, a Moor, 48, 50, 72, 75, 79, 112, 115, 180

+Monte formosa+, Cotta Point (11° 30´ N., 75° 40´ E., Map IV), 199

+Money+, _see_ +Cruzado+, Real, Reis, matikals, fanão, xerafin

+Monsoons+, 136, 198, 200

+Montemór o novo+ (38° 40´ N., 8° 15´ W.), 185

+Moor, E.+, quoted, 53

+Moorish+ merchants at Calecut, 61, 62, 68, 127, 152

+Moplah+, 49

+Morelet, Arthur+, xxxiv

+Moreri+, xxv

+Mori, A.+, 205

+Mourá+, quoted, 25

+Mtwapa+, _see_ +Benapa+.

+Musk+, 100, 104

+Nairs+, at Calecut, 49

+Natal+, its discovery, 16

+Native+ navigation, 134, 139

+Navarrete, D. Martin Fernandez de+, xvii, note 2

+Nicobar Islands+ (7° N., 94° E., Map VII), 214 M., 220

+Nile+, river, 78

+Niza+ (39° 32´ N., 7° 40´ W.), 100 miles N.E. of Lisbon, 235

+Nova, João da+, 178, 190, 206, 210

+Nuguoquioniete+, _see_ +Takaungu+ and +Quioni+.

+Nunes, Antonio+, quoted, 25

+Nunes, Gonçalo+, 175

+Nunes, João+, 48

+Nunez, João+, a convict, 179

+Nunes, Pedro+, 168

+Nutmeg+, 100, 104, 113

+Oliveira, Fernando+, quoted, 162

+Oliveira, João Braz d’+, 162

+Olivença+, Spain (38° 40´ N., 7° 5´ E.), xiii

+Oporto+, in Portugal, xxiii

+Ortelius+, 115, 125

+Ortiz de Vilhegas+, _see_ +Vilhegas+.

+Osorio, D. Jeronymo+, quoted, 6, 26, 194

+Ouro, Rio do+ (west coast of Africa, 23° 50´ N., 16° E., Map I), 2

+Ouro, Rio do+, or Limpopo (25° 20´ S., 33° 30´ E., Map III), 19

+Pacheco Pereira, Duarte+, quoted, 161, 192

+Padrões+, 169;
at S. Bráz, 15;
of S. Raphael, 21;
at Calecut, 74, 75;
of S. Maria, 80;
S. Jorge, 92

+Padua+, baixos de, (13° N., 72° 20´ E., Map IV), 198

+Paesi novamente retrovati+, 120, 123, 124, 128, 137, 141

+Pagodas+, at Calecut, 53

+Paiva, Afonso de+, 167

+Paiva, Antonio da Costa+, editor of the _Roteiro_, xxii, xxxii

+Paiva, Baron Castello de+, editor of the _Roteiro_, xxxiii

+Palha, João+, 177

+Panane+ (10° 50´ N., 75° 55´ E., Map IV), 50

+“Pandarani”+ (11° 28´ N., 75° 40´ E., Map IV), 48;
at anchor there, 50;
detention, 63

+Parrots+, 100

+Pate+, town (2° 10´ S., 41° 2´ E.), 88

+Pater, Pedir+ (5° N., 96° 30´ E., Map I), 102

+Pearls+, 23, 138, 213, 214

+Pegu+ (17° 20´ N., 96° 30´ E. Map I), 100

+Pelele+, lip-disk, 20

+Pelican+, a device of King João II, 100

+Pemba+ Island (5° S., 39° 4´ E., Map III), 34

+Penguins+, 92

+Pepper+, 77, 103, 113, 213

+Peragallo+, quoted, 227

+Pereira, Duarte Pacheco+, _see_ +Pacheco+.

+Perestrello, M. de Mesquito+, quoted, 14, 15, 19

+Periplus+ of the Erythrean, 26

+Peurbach, G.+ (born 1423, died 1461), 68

+Peutinger, Conrad+, abstract of Sernigi’s letter, 121, 122, 141

+Pilots+, at Moçambique, 25; Mombaça, 37; Malindi, 45

+Pimentel’s+ _Roteiro_, quoted, 14

+Pinzon, Vicento Yanez+, 205, 206

+Pinto, Mendes+, quoted, 99

+Pirez, Gonçalo+, 177

+Pliny+, quoted, 140

+Polo, Marco+, quoted, xvii, 98, 211

+Porcelain+, 200, 213

+Precious stones+, 130, 140, 213, 214

+Prester John+, 24, 134

+Ptolemaic traditions+, 206, 207, 211, 167

+Ptolemy’s+ Taprobana, 209

+Quafees+, priests, 54

+Quicksilver+, 97

+Qualicut+, _see_ +Calecut+.

+Quiloa, Kilwa+ (9° S., 39° 30´ E., Map III), 32, 46, 233

+Quilon, Coulão+, (8° 52´ N., 76° 30´ E., Map IV), 98

+Quintal+, a weight, equal to 110 Portuguese pounds of 16 oz. each, 103

+Quintella, Admiral Ignacio da Costa+, 208

+Quioni, Kioni+ (3° 38´ S., 39° 50´ E., Map III), 40

+Quorongoliz, Corongolos+ (10° 10´ N., 76° 10´ E., Map IV), 97

+Rae, G. Milne+, quoted, 138

+Ramusio+, quoted, 120, 124, 126, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135,
136, 137, 138, 139, 141

+“Raphael”+, _see_ +“São Raphael”+.

+Real+ (plur. _réis_), a Portuguese silver coin. The Cologne marc
(229.5 grammes) of a fineness of 11/12ths, was coined into 2,280 réis
in 1485, into 2,340 in 1499, 2,500 in 1517, and 2,600 in 1555. _See_
+Cruzado+.

+Red Sea+, 47, 125, 130

+Regiomontanus+ (astronomer, born 1436, died 1575), 168

+Réis+, _see_ +Real+ and +Cruzado+.

+Reis, Rio dos+, Delagoa Bay (26° S., 33° E., Map III), 18, 217

+Resende, Garcia de+, xiv

+Restello+, suburb of Lisbon, 1

+Rezende, Pero Barretto de+, quoted, 94, 143, 149, 150, 157, 161

+Rhubarb+, 102, 104, 213

+Ribeiro’s+ map, 18

+Ribeyro, Leonardo+, 178

+Richthofen, Prof. F. von+ (geographer, born 1833), 132

+Rio de Infante+, _see_ +Infante+.

+Rio dos Bons Signaes+, _see_ +Bons Signaes+.

+Rio do Cobre+, _see_ +Cobre+.

+Rio Grande+, Guinea (11° 20´ N., 15° 30´ W., Map I), 93

+Rivara, Cunha+, quoted, 148, 175

+Rodriguez+ (or Rodrigo), the physician, 167

+Rodriguez, Damião+, 179

+Romish images+, 45, 53, 54

+Rosetta+, Egypt, 7, 8

+Rossamalha+, 144

+Roteiro+, the MS., xxii;
the author, xxv;
his style, xxviii;
Portuguese editions, xxxii;
French translations, xxxiv;
English translation, xxxv

+Rubies+, 98, 102, 113

+Sá, João de+, xxx, xxxi; 51, 54, 90, 94, 122, 176

+Sal, Ilha do+, Cape Verde (16° 40´ N., 23° W., Map I), 2

+Samori+ or +Samurin+, _see_ +Zamorin+.

+Sandalwood+, 213

+San Roman+, quoted, 173

+Santa Cruz, terra de+, or +Ilha de Cruz+, Brazil, 14, 15, 205

+Santa Helena+, Bay of, 5, 192; (32° 40´ S., 18° E., Map II), 5, 192

+Santa Maria+, Bay of, São Thiago, 3

+Santa Maria+, Ilhas de, India (13° 20´ N., 75° 20´ E., Map IV), 80,
200

+Santarem, Vizconde de+, quoted, 145, 146

+Santiago+, _see_ +São Thiago+.

+Santos, Antonio Ribeiro dos+, quoted, 168

+Santos, João dos+, quoted, 19

+São Braz+, bay, Mossel Bay (34° 10´ S., 22° 10´ E., Map II), 9, 92,
192

+“São Gabriel,”+ flagship, 1, 94, 112, 155, 163;
burnt, 146;
picture of, 155;
description of, 159

+São Jorge+, island (15° 2´ S., 40° 45´ E., Map III), 25, 28, 31, 92,
197

+“São Raphael,”+ Paulo da Gama’s ship, springs a mast, 16;
repaired, 20;
aground, 33;
at Anjediva, 88;
injured, 88;
burnt, 91

+São Raphael+, shoals (5° 20´ S., 39° 8´ E., Map III) and mountains of,
33, 91, 97, 201;
padrão of, 196

+São Thiago de Cacem+ (38° N., 8° 40´ W.), headquarters of the Order
of S. Thiago, 10 miles N. E. of Sines, 232, 234

+São Thiago+ (Samtiago), Cape Verde isles (15° N., 23° 30´ E., Map
I), 3

+São Thiago+, river of, St. Helena Bay (33° 45´ S., 18° 10´ E., Map
III), 5

+Sapphires+, 98, 102

+Schott, Dr. G.+, 187

+Schück, Capt. A.+, 187

+Scientific+ outfit of Vasco da Gama, 166

+Scurvy+, 20, 187, 200

+Seals+, 4, 6, 8, 13, 92

+Seal Island+ (Mossel Bay), 13

+Seed-pearls+, 23, 213

+Sernigi, Girolamo+, his letters, 119-142;
quoted, 158, 160, 173

+Setubal, João+, 178

+Sewn boats+, 26

+Sharifs+, 29

+Sheath+, over virile member, 6

+Siam+ (15° N., 110° E., Map I), 99

+Sickness+ at Mombaça, 35 (_see_ +Scurvy+).

+Silk+, 98, 99, 100, 213, 214

+Silva, A. A. Baldaque da+, quoted, xxxvi, 162

+Sinai+, mount, 78, 130

+Sines+ (37° 57´ N., 8° 50´ W.), xiii, 225, 227, 228, 233

+Singapore+, _see_ +Çinguapara+.

+Síwa-blower+, 43

+Sneyd, Mr. Ralph+, 119

+Sofala+, Çoffala, gold mines (20° S., 34° 30´ E., Map III), 212, 233
A.

+Sotilicayos+ (Cape Penguins), 13

+Sousa, João de+, quoted, 44, 79

+Sousa, Francisco de+, 177

+Speechley, Bishop J. W.+, xxxvi, 97, 105

+Spice Islands+, 135

+Spice trade+, 113, 127, 137, 214

+Spruner’s+ _Historical Atlas_, 190

+Stanley of Alderley, Lord+, quoted, xiv, xxxiv, 3, 8, 9, 19, 21, 40,
44, 48, 56, 58, 104, 173, 177, 178, 179, 194

+Storax+, 213

+Strassburg+, Ptolemy, maps of, 211

+Sumatra+ (Çamatarra, 0°, 110° E., Map I), 98, 101, 213, 220

+Takaunga+, Tocanuguo, Toça (3° 40´ S., 39° 50´ E., Map III), 40

+Tamugata+, Tangata, Mtangata (5° 15´ S., 39° 5´ E., Map III), 33, 93

+Taprobana+ (Ceylon), 115;
(identified with Ceylon), 139, 213

+Tausens+, imaginary islands, 205

+Tavira+ (37° 8´ N., 7° 40´ W.), a town in Algarve, 234

+Tebas+ or +Thebas+, imaginary islands, 205, 210

+Tenacar+, Tenasserim (12° 10´ N., 92° E., Map I), 99

+Terceira+, Azores (38° 40´ N., 27° W., Map I), 94

+Terra+, _see_ +Fumos+.

+Terra alta+, Sahara (24° 30´ N., 15° 30´ E., Map I), 2

+Terra da boa gente+ (24° 50´ S., 34° 25´ E., Map III), 17, 196

+Thebas+, imaginary islands, 205, 210

+Thiago+, _see_ +São Thiago+.

+Thomar+ (32° 38´ N., 8° 23´ W.), since 1356 principal seat of the
Order of Christ, 233

+Timoja+, the “pirate”, 82

+Tîmor+ (10° S., 125° E.), 101

+Tin+, 18, 100, 213

+Toar, Sancho de+, discovers Delagoa Bay, 18;
shipwrecked at Mombaça, 38

+Toleta de Martoloia+, 168

+Tomaschek, Dr.+, quoted, 26, 208

+Tonnage+ of vessels, 161

+Toscanelli’s+ letter, xvi

+Touca+, a cap, 20, 23

+Trinidad+ Island (20° 20´ S., 29° 20´ E., Map I), 187, 190, 191 (its
discovery)

+Trinity+, Order of, 177

+Tristão da Cunha+, Islands (37° 24´ S., 12° 20´ W., Map I), 189,
190, note 2

+Turtle Doves+, 6

+Tuuz+, Tor (28° 15´ N., 23° 30´ E., Map I), 78

+Valle, Pietro della+, quoted, 55

+Vallego, A. Cánovas+, 206

+Variation+ of the compass, 168

+Varthema+, quoted, 99, 102, 139

+Varnhagen+, 158

+Vasconcellos, E. J. Carvalho e+, xxxvi

+Velho, Alvaro+, xxx, xxxi, 178

+Veloso, Fernão+, at St. Helena Bay, 7;
muster-roll, 178

+Venice+, 78

+Vespucci, Amerigo+, 120, 179, 206, 211

+Vilhegas, Diogo Ortiz de+, 166, 167

+Vidigueira+ (38° 12´ N., 7° 48´ W.), 236, 237

+Villa de Frades+, village, one mile from Vidigueira, 235, 236

+Villafranca de Xira+, town on the Tejo, twenty miles above Lisbon
(38° 58´ N., 9° W.), 227, 234

+Villanova de Milfontes+, coast town, fifteen miles south of Sines
(37° 43´ N., 8° 45´ W.), 231, 234

+Villa Viçosa+ (38° 47´ N., 70° 24´ W.), 236

+Vizinho, José+, 167

+Vocabulary+ of Malayalam, 105

+Whales+, 4, 6

+Wieser, F. R. von+, xix

+Wine+ at Calecut, 131, 135

+Wolf, Rudolf+, quoted, 168

+Xarnauz+, Sornau, Siam, 99

+Xerafin+, a coin at Calecut, equal to 12 fanãos in gold, or 7_s._
5_d._

+Yule, Colonel+, quoted, 47, 98, 99, 130, 131

+Zacut+, the astronomer, 167, 168

+Zambuk+, _see_ +Barca+.

+Zamorin+, title of ruler of Calecut, 61;
his letter to Vasco da Gama, 75 (_see_ also +Gama+ and +Dias+).

+Zanzibar+, (6° 10´ S., 30° 10´ E., Map III), 92, 207, 218

+Zavra+, a dhau, 34

THE CAPE
TO
NATAL

_E. G. R._

_George Philip & Son_]

NATAL TO MAGADOXO

_E. G. R._

_Geo. Philip & Son_]

WEST COAST OF I N D I A

_E. G. R._

_Geo. Philip & Son_]

ANONYMOUS [1502] Published by Dr. E. T. Hamy

HAKLUYT, S, I, v. XCIX]

CANTINO’S CHART. 1502

HAKLUYT, S, I, v. XCIX]

NICOLAS DE CANERIO 1502.

SOUTH AFRICA

HAKLUYT, S, I, v. XCIX]