Chapter XI: Part 11

[319] Tot jugera ventre prementem. Ovid of the Pytho of Parnassus. Met. l. 1. v. 459.

See Pausanias. l. 10. p. 695. He says, the extent related to the place, [Greek: entha ho Tituos etethe].

[320] [Greek: Hos de authis epanekein (ton Kleonta) es ta Gadeira, andra heurein thalassion EKPEPTOKOTA es ten gen; touton plethra men pente malista epechein, keraunothenta de hupo tou theou kaiesthai.] Pausan. l. 10. p. 806.

[321] Diogenes Laertius. Prooem. p. 5.

[322] [Greek: Temenos; hieron chorion aphorismenon Theoi.] Scholia in Homer. Il. l. [Gamma]. v. 696.

[Greek: Kai temenos peripuston Amuklaioio Kanobou]. Dionysius. [Greek: Perieges.] v. 13.

[Greek: Asulon temenos] at Daphne upon the Orontes. See above. p. 428.

[323] Lycophron. v. 6l3.

[324] Ovid. Metamorph. l. 11. v. 56.

[325] Apollonius Rhodius. l. 3. v. 1176.

[326] [Greek: Be d' ep' eran Dias pheugon ophiodea Kupron.] Parthenius, as corrected by Vossius. See Notes to Pompon. Mela. p. 391.

[327] Lycophron. v. 110.

[328] Apollonius Rhodius. l. 2. v. 707.

[329] Hyginus. Fab. 140.

[330] Plutarch de Oraculoram defectu. v. 1. p. 417.

[331] Clemens Alexand. Cohort. p. 29.

[332] Prolegomena to the Pyth. Odes of Pindar.

[333] P. 39.

[334] Silius Ital. l. 3. v. 29.

[335] [Greek: Luchnon asbeston.] Plutarch de Defect. Orac. vol. 1. p. 410.

[336] Porphyr. de Abstinentia. l. 2.

[337] L. 1. p. 63.

[338] [Greek: To de luchnion en Prutaneioi.] Theoc. Idyll. 21. v. 36.

[Greek: Puros te phengos aphthiton keklemenon.] AEsch. [Greek: Choephoroi.] v. 268.

[339] See Hyde Relig. Vet. Persarum: and Stanley upon the Chaldaic religion.

[340] [Greek: Aei de toi aenaon pur.] Callimach. Hymn to Apollo. v. 84.

[341] Vol. 2. p. 84.

[342] Clima. 4. p. 213.

[343] Leviticus. c. 6. v. 13. Hence the [Greek: xulophoria]; a custom, by which the people were obliged to carry wood, to replenish the fire when decaying.

[344] It is said in the Scriptures, that _there were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that_. Genesis. c. 6. v. 4. The word in the original for giants is Nephelim.

[345] C. 2. p. 6.

[346] V. 22.

[347] Orphic. Argonaut. v. 395.

[348] De Venatione. p. 972.

[349] Pyth. Ode 4. p. 244.

[350] Ibid. p. 246.

[351] Justin. Martyr de Monarchia. p. 42.

[352] De Venat. p. 972.

[353] AEsculapius was of Egypt. Cephalus is said to have lived in the time of Cecrops [Greek: autochthon]: or, as some say, in the time of Erectheus; many centuries before Antilochus and Achilles, who were at the siege of Troy.

[354] AEsculapius was the Sun. Euseb. Praep. Evang. l. 3. p. 112.

[355] Oratio in Herculem. vol. 1. p. 64. Oratio in AEsculapium. p. 67.

[356] Homer. Iliad. [Lambda]. v. 831.

[357] Clemens Alexand. Strom. l. 1. p. 361.

[358] [Greek: Monimos de historei, en tei ton thaumasion sunagogei, en Pellei tes Thettalias Achaion anthropon Pelei kai Cheironi katathuesthai.] Clementis Cohort. p. 36.

[359] Pocock's Travels. v. 1. p. 65.

[360] Ibid.

[361] [Greek: Para ten limnen ten kaloumenen Acherousian]. Diodorus Sic. l. 1. p. 86.

[362] In Phrygia--juxta specus est Acherusia, ad manes, ut aiunt, pervius. Mela. l. 1. c. 19. p. 100.

[363] River Acheron, and lake Acherusia in Epirus. Pausan. l. 1. p. 40. Strabo. l. 7. p. 499. Thucydides. l. 1. p. 34.

[364] Near Corinth Acherusia. Pausan. l. 2. p. 196.

In Elis Acheron. Strabo. l. 8. p. 530.

[365] Celsae nidum Acherontiae. Horat. l. 3. Ode. 4. v. 14.

[366] Near Avernus. In like manner there were [Greek: pedia Elusia] in Egypt, Messenia, and in the remoter parts of Iberia. See Plutarch in Sertorio, and Strabo. l. 3. p. 223.

[367] Also Libri Tarquitiani Aruspicum Hetruscorum, so denominated from Tar-Cushan. Marcellinus. l. 25. c. 2. p. 322.

[368] Herodot. Vit. Hom. c. 3.

[369] Hesychius.

[370] L. 1. p. 77.

[371] Fleetwood's Inscript. p. 42.

[372] P. 319. n. 2.

[373] Sat. 14. v. 259.

[374] Pausanias. l. 2. p. l6l, 162.

There was a hill called Anakeion: [Greek: Anakeion; oros, e ton Dioskouron Hieron.] Suidas.

It is said of the celebrated Polygnotus, that he painted [Greek: tas en toi thesauroi kai en toi Anakeioi graphas.] Harpocration. The treasury we may suppose to have been a part of the temple.

[375] Homer. Iliad. [Gamma]. v. 237.

[376] Homer. Odyss. [Mu]. v. 323.

[377] Cicero in Verrem. Orat. 7. sect. ult.

[378] Pausanias. l. 9. p. 741.

[379] Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 154.

[380] Hyginus. fab. 68, and 75.

[381] Antonin. Liberalis Metamorph. c. 22.

[382] Hymn. in Dian. v. 204.

[383] Cicero de Nat. Deorum. l. 3. 23.

She is supposed to be the same as Diana. [Greek: Kalousi de ten Artemin Thrakes Bendeian, Kretes de Diktunan, Lakedaimonioi de Oupin.] Palaephatus. c. 32. p. 78.

[384] Scholia in Callimach. Hymn. in Dianam. v. 204.

[Greek: Opin, kai Hekaergen--ek ton Huperboreon.] Pausan. l. 5. p. 392.

Metuenda feris Hecaerge,
Et Soror, optatum numen venantibus, Opis.
Claudian in Laudes Stilic. l. 3. v. 253.

[385] 2 Kings. c. 23. v. 10. 2 Chron. c. 28. v. 3.

[386] C. 7. v. 31. and c. 19. v. 5. There was a place named Tophel (Toph-El) near Paran upon the Red Sea. Deuteron. c. 1. v. 1.

[387] Zonar. vol. 2. p. 227. [Greek: Touphan kalei ho demodes kai polus anthropos.]

[388] Bedae. Hist. Angliae. l. 2. c. 16.

[389] De legibus specialibus. p. 320.

The Greek term [Greek: tuphos], fumus, vel fastus, will hardly make sense, as introduced here.

[390] Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. v. 1. p. 359.

[391] Virgil. AEn. l. 2. v. 713.

[392] [Greek: Ten taphen (Dionusou) einai phasin en Delphois para ton Chrusoun Apollona.] Cyril. cont. Julian. l. 1. p. 11.

[393] Callimach. Hymn. in Jovem. v. 8.

[Greek: Hode megas keitai Zan, hon Dia kikleskousi.]
Porphyr. Vita Pythagorae. p. 20.

[394] Hence Hercules was styled [Greek: Triesperos]. Lycoph. v. 33.

[Greek: Zeus treis hesperas eis mian metabalon sunekatheude tei Alkmenei.] Schol. ibid.

[395] Abbe Banier. Mythology of the Antients explained. vol. 4. b. 3. c. 6. p. 77, 78. Translation.

[396] Plaut. Amphitryo. Act. 1. s. 3.

[397] Cicero de Nat. Deor. l. 1. c. 42.

[Greek: Alla kai taphon autou (Zenos) deiknuousi]. Lucian. de Sacrificiis. v. 1. p. 355.

[398] Maximus Tyrius. Dissert. 38. p. 85.

[399] Clementis Cohort. p. 40.

[400] Arnobius contra Gentes. l. 4. p. 135. Clem. Alexand. Cohort. p. 24.

[401] Tertullian. Apolog. c. 14.

[Greek: Peusomai de sou kai 'go, o anthrope, posoi Zenes heuriskontai.] Theoph. ad Autolyc. l. 1. p. 344.

[402] Newton's Chronology. p. 151.

[403] Pezron. Antiquities of nations. c. 10, 11, 12.

[404] Virgil. AEn. l. 7. v. 48.

[405] Sir Isaac Newton supposes Jupiter to have lived after the division of the kingdoms in Israel; Pezron makes him antecedent to the birth of Abraham, and even before the Assyrian monarchy.

[406] Arnobius has a very just observation to this purpose. Omnes Dii non sunt: quoniam plures sub eodem nomine, quemadmodum accepimus, esse non possunt, &c. l. 4. p. 136.

[407] Antiquus Auctor Euhemerus, qui fuit ex civitate Messene, res gestas Jovis, et caeterorum, qui Dii putantur, collegit; historiamque contexuit ex titulis, et inscriptionibus sacris, quae in antiquissimis templis habebantur; maximeque in fano Jovis Triphylii, ubi auream columnam positam esse ab ipso Jove titulus indicabat. In qua columna gesta sua perscripsit, ut monumentum esset posteris rerum suarum. Lactant. de Falsa Relig. l. 1. c. 11. p. 50.

(Euhemerus), quem noster et interpretatus, et secutus est praeter caeteros, Ennius. Cicero de Nat. Deor. l. 1. c. 42.

[408] Lactantius de Falsa Relig. l. 1. c. 11. p. 52.

[409] Varro apud Solinum. c. 16.

[410] Epiphanius in Ancorato. p. 108.

Cyril. contra Julianum. l. 10. p. 342. See Scholia upon Lycophron. v. 1194.

[411] Callimach. Hymn. in Jovem. v. 6.

[412] [Greek: Taphon theas axion]. Pausan. l. 2. p. 161.

[413] Diodor. Sicul. l. 1. p. 23. [Greek: Taphenai legousi ten Isin en Memphei.]

Osiris buried at Memphis, and at Nusa. Diodorus above. Also at Byblus in Phenicia.

[Greek: Eisi de enioi Bublion, hoi legousi para sphisi tethaphthai ton Osirin ton Aiguption.] Lucian. de Syria Dea. v. 2. p. 879.

[Greek: Ta men oun peri tes taphes ton Theon touton diaphoneitai para tois pleistois.] Diodor. l. 1. p. 24.

[414] Procopius [Greek: peri ktismaton]. l. 6. c. 1. p. 109.

[Greek: Aiguptioi te gar Osiridos pollachou thekas, hosper eiretai, deiknuousi.] Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 358. He mentions [Greek: pollous Osiridos taphous en Aiguptoi.] Ibid. p. 359.

[415] L. 1. p. 79. [Greek: Peri tes Bousiridos xenoktonias para tois Hellesin enischusai ton muthon; ou tou Basileos onomazomenou Bousiridos, alla tou Osiridos taphou tauten echontos ten prosegorian kata ten ton enchorion dialekton.] Strabo likewise says, that there was no such king as Busiris. l. 17. p. 1154.

[416] Bou-Sehor and Uch-Sehor are precisely of the same purport, and signify the great Lord of day.

[417] Pausanias. l. 2. p. 144.

[418] Altis, Baaltis, Orontis, Opheltis, are all places compounded with some title, or titles, of the Deity.

[419] 2 Chron. c. 33. v. 14.

[420] 2 Chron. c. 27. v. 3. _On the wall_ ([Hebrew: CHWMT]) _of Ophel he built much:_ or rather on the Comah, or sacred hill of the Sun, called Oph-El, he built much.

[421] Apollon. Rhodii Argonaut. l. 2. v. 709. Apollo is said to have killed Tityus, [Greek: Boupais eon]. Apollon. l. 1. v. 760.

[422] [Greek: Ton de tou Aiputou taphon spoudei malista etheasamen--esti men oun ges choma ou mega, lithou krepidi en kukloi periechomenon.] Pausan. l. 8. p. 632.

[Greek: Aipution tumbon], celebrated by Homer. Iliad. [beta]. v. 605.

[Greek: Aiputos], supposed to be the same as Hermes. [Greek: Naos Hermou Aiputou] near Tegea in Arcadia. Pausan. l. 8. p. 696. Part of Arcadia was called [Greek: Aiputis].

[423] Clemens Alexand. Cohort. p. 11. [Greek: Anestemmenoi tois ophesin epololuzontes Euan, Euan ktl.]

[424] Porphyrii Vita Pythagorae.

[425] Clement. Alexand. Cohort. p. 29.

[426] The Scholiast upon Pindar seems to attribute the whole to Dionusus, who first gave out oracles at this place, and appointed the seventh day a festival. [Greek: En hoi protos Dionusos ethemisteuse, kai apokteinas ton Ophin ton Puthona, agonizetai ton Puthikon agona kata Hebdomen hemeran.] Prolegomena in Pind. Pyth. p. 185.

[427] Pausanias. l. 9. p. 749.

[428] Ibid. l. 2. p. 155.

[429] Strabo. l. 9. p. 651.

[430] Ibid.

[431] Pausanias. l. 5. p. 376.

[432] Ibid. l. 10. p. 806.

[433] Ibid. l. 1. p. 87.

[434] At Patrae, [Greek: mnema Aiguptiou tou Belou.] Pausan. l. 7. p. 578.

[435] Pausanias. l. 2. p. 179.

[436] Herodotus. l. 7. c. 150. and l. 6. c. 54.

Plato in Alcibiad. 1^{mo}. vol. 2. p. 120.

Upon Mount Maenalus was said to have been the tomb of Arcas, who was the father of the Arcadians.

[Greek: Esti de Mainalie duscheimeros, entha te keitai]
[Greek: Archas, aph' hou de pantes epiklesin kaleontai.]
Oraculum apud Pausan. l. 8. p. 616.

But what this supposed tomb really was, may be known from the same author: [Greek: To de chorion touto, entha ho taphos esti tou Arkados, kalousin Heliou Bomous.] Ibid.

[Greek: Taphos, e tumbos, e semeion.]. Hesych.

[437] Strabo. l. 11. p. 779. [Greek: En de toi pedioi PETRAN TINA proschomati sumplerosantes eis bounoeides schema ktl.]

[438] Typhon was originally called [Greek: Gegenes], and by Hyginus Terrae Filius. Fab. 152. p. 263. Diodorus. l. 1. p. 79. he is styled [Greek: Ges huios exaisios.] Antoninus Liberal. c. 25.

[439] Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 380.

[440] Josephus contra Apion. l. 1. p. 460.

[441] Porphyry de Abstinen. l. 2. p. 223.

There was [Greek: Petra Tuphaonia] in Caucasus. Etymolog. Magnum. [Greek: Tiphos; Tuphaonia Petra estin hupsele en Kaukasoi.]

[Greek: Kaukasou en knemoisi, Tuphaonie hoti Petre.] Apollon. l. 2. v. 1214.

[442] Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 79.

[443] [Greek: Paregorousi thusiais kai prauenousi (ton Tuphona)], Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 362.

[444] Diodorus Sicul. l. 5. p. 338.

[445] Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 362. [Greek: Isaiakou tou Herakleous ho Tuphon].

[446] Ovid. Metamorph. l. 11. v. 762.

[447] [Greek: Enioi de hupo tou Tuphonos, hupo de Atlantos Xenagoras eireken.] Schol. Apollon. l. 4. v. 264.

[448] Hesiod. Theogon. v. 824.

[449] Ibid. v. 826. Typhis, Typhon, Typhaon, Typhoeus, are all of the same purport.

[450] Nonni Dionys. l. 1. p. 24.

[451] [Greek: Opheis--timaisthai ischuros]. Philarchus apud AElian: de Animal. l. 17. c. 5.

[452] See Justin Martyr above.

[Greek: Semeion Orgion Bakchikon Ophis esti tetelesmenos.] Clemens Alexand. Cohort. p. 11. See Augustinus de Civitate Dei. l. 3. c. 12. and l. 18. c. 15.

[453] [Greek: Anestemmenoi tois ophesin.] Clemens above.

[454] In mysteriis, quibus Sabadiis nomen est, aureus coluber in sinum dimittitur consecratis, et eximitur rursus ab inferioribus partibus. Arnobius. l. 5. p. 171. See also Clemens, Cohort. p. 14. [Greek: Drakon dielkomenos tou kolpou. k. l.]

Sebazium colentes Jovem anguem, cum initiantur, per sinum ducunt. Julius Firmicus. p. 23. [Greek: Sabazios, eponumon Dionusou.] Hesych.

[455] [Greek: Tous Opheis anestemmenoi, euazontes to Oua, Oua, ekeinen ten Euan eti, ten dia tou Opheos apatetheisan, epikaloumenoi.] Epiphanius. tom. 2. l. 3. p. 1092.

[456] Cohortatio. p. 11.

[457] Ibid.

[458] Plutarch. Alexander. p. 665.

[459] [Greek: Opheis megalous cheiroetheis epheilketo tois thiasois (he Olumpias), hoi pollakis ek tou kittou kai ton mustikon liknon paranaduomenoi, kai perielittomenoi thursois ton gunaikon, kai tois stephanois, exepletton tous andras.] Plutarch. ibid.

[460] [Greek: Tous opheis tous Pareias thlibon, kai huper tes kephales aioron, kai boon, Euoi, Saboi, kai eporchoumenos Yes Attes, Attes Yes.] Demosth. [Greek: Peri stephanou.] p. 516.

[461] Hesych.

[462] [Greek: Tes Isidos agalmata anedousi tautei, hos tini diademati basileioi.] AElian. Hist. Animal. l. 10. c. 31.

[463] [Greek: Tous Basileis--chresthai pilois makrois epi tou peratos omphalon echousi, kai periespeiramenois ophesi, hous kalousin aspidas.] l. 3. p. 145.

[464] Priscian. l. 5. and l. 6.

[465] Pausan. l. 10. p. 859.

[466] Bochart supposes this term to signify a father, and the purport of the name to be Pater magnificus. He has afterwards a secondary derivation. Sed fallor, aut Abdir, vel Abadir, cum pro lapide sumitur, corruptum ex Phoenicio Eben-Dir, lapis sphaericus. Geog. Sac. l. 2. c. 2. p. 708.

[467] See Radicals. p. 59. and Deuteronomy. c. 18. v. 11.

[468] [Greek: Echousai basilea eph' hanton ton Angelon tes Abussou; onoma autoi Hebraisti Abaddon, en de te Hellenikei onoma echei Apolluon.] Revelations. c. 20. v. 11.

[469] Revelations. c. 20. v. 2. Abadon signifies serpens Dominus, vel Serpens Dominus Sol.

[470] Daniel Heinsius. Aristarchus. p. 11.

[471] Euseb. P. E. l. 1. p. 41, 42.

[472] Euseb. ibidem. [Greek: Tade auta kai Ostanes ktl.]

[473] Herod. l. 2. c. 189. also Ptolemy.

[474] M. Maimonides in more Nevochim. See Selden de Diis Syris. Synt. 1. c. 3. p. 49.

[475] [Greek: Oubaion, ho estin Hellenisti Basiliskon; honper chrusoun poiountes Theois perititheasin.] Horapollo. l. 1. p. 2.

[Greek: Oubaion] is so corrected for [Greek: Ouraion], from MSS. by J. Corn. De Pauw.

[476] Cicero de Nat. Deor. l. 3.

[477] Praep. Evan. l. 1. p. 41.

[478] Euseb. supra.

[479] L. 6. p. 345.

[480] Strabo. l. 10. p. 683. It was supposed to have had its name from Ellops, the Son of Ion, who was the brother of Cothus.

[481] Callimachus. H. in Delon. v. 292. [Greek: Euaion], Eva-On, Serpens Sol.

[482] Athenagoras. Legatio. p. 294. [Greek: Erakles Chronos.]

[483] Athenag. p. 295. [Greek: Herakles Theos--drakon heliktos.]

[484] It is said to have been named Rhodus from Rhod, a Syriac for a serpent. Bochart. G. S. p. 369.

[485] [Greek: Entautha muthuousi tous Ophiogeneis sungeneian tina echein pros tous opheis]. Strabo. l. 13. p. 850. Ophiogenae in Hellesponto circa Parium. Pliny. l. 7. p. 371.

[486] Pausan. l. 8. p. 614.

[487] Aristoph. Plutus. Schol. v. 718.

[488] L. 3. c. 96. Strabo. l. 10. p. 692.

[489] Steph. Byzant. [Greek: Patara.]

[490] [Greek: Be d' ep' eran Dias pheugon ophiodea Kupron.] Parthenius. See Vossius upon Pomp. Mela. l. 1. c. 6. p. 391.

Ovid Metamorph. l. 10. v. 229. Cypri arva Ophiusia.

[491] They were particularly to be found at Paphos. Apollon. Discolus. Mirabil. c. 39. [Greek: Ophis podas echon duo.]

[492] Herodotus. l. 7. c. 90. [Greek: Hoi de apo Aithiopies, hos autoi Kuprioi legousi.]

[493] [Greek: Ho gar Minos opheis, kai skorpious, kai skolopendras ouresken kl.] Antonin. Liberalis. c. 41. p. 202. See notes, p. 276.

[494] Tacitus. Annal. l. 4. c. 21.

[495] In Ceiri.

[496] Strabo. l. 10. p. 746.

[497] What the Greeks rendered [Greek: Seriphos] was properly Sar-Iph; and Sar-Iphis, the same as Ophis: which signified Petra Serpentis, sive Pythonis.

[498] Herodotus. l. 8. c. 41.

[499] Strabo. l. 9. p. 603.

[500] Lycophron Scholia. v. 496. [Greek: apo ton odonton tou drakontos.]

[501] Meursius de reg. Athen. l. 1. c. 6.

[502] Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 191.

[503] Diodorus. l. I. p. 25. Cecrops is not by name mentioned in this passage according to the present copies: yet what is said, certainly relates to him, as appears by the context, and it is so understood by the learned Marsham. See Chron. Canon. p. 108.

[504] Eustat. on Dionys. p. 56. Edit. Steph.

[505] [Greek: Ton barbaron Aiguptiasmon apheis. ktl.] ibid.

See also Tzetzes upon Lycophron. v. 111.

[506] Chron. Canon, p. 109.

[507] It may not perhaps be easy to decypher the name of Cecrops: but thus much is apparent, that it is compounded of Ops, and Opis, and related to his symbolical character.

[508] [Greek: Drakontas duo peri ton Erikthonion.] Antigonus Carystius. c. 12.

[509] Aristot. de Mirabilibus. vol. 2. p. 717.

[510] Pliny. l. 3. p. 153. l. 8. p. 455.

[511] AEschyli Supplices. p. 516.

[512] L. 3. p. 184.

[513] Apollonius Discolus. c. 12. and Aristot. de Mirabilibus, vol. 2. p. 737.

[514] Aves Diomedis--judicant inter suos et advenas, &c. Isidorus Orig. l. 12. c. 7. Pliny. l. 10. c. 44.

[515] Apollodorus. l. 1. p. 37.

[516] Stephanas Byzant. [Greek: Opikoi.]

[517] The same is said by Epiphanius. [Greek: Heuia ton ophin paides Hebraion onomazousi.] Epiphanius advers. Haeres. l. 3. tom. 2. p. 1092.

[518] Steph. Byzant.

[519] Ptolemy. p. 93. [Greek: Euia.]

[520] Pausanias. l. 4. p. 356.

[521] L. 2. p. 202.

[522] Pausan. l. 3. p. 249.

[523] There was a city of this name in Macedonia, and in Troas. Also a river.

[524] Ovid Metamorph. l. 7. v. 357.

[525] Strabo. l. 13. p. 913. It is compounded of Eva-Ain, the fountain, or river of Eva, the serpent.

[526] Strabo. l. 5. p. 383.

[527] [Greek: Menelaon, hos en Pitanates.] Hesych.

[Greek: Drakon epi tei aspidi (Menelaou) estin eirgasmenos.] Pausan. l. 10. p. 863.

[528] [Greek: Pitanates, lochos]. Hesych.

[529] It was the insigne of many countries. Textilis _Anguis_

Discurrit per utramque aciem. Sidon. Apollinaris. Carm. 5. v. 409.

[530]

Stent bellatrices Aquilae, saevique _Dracones_.
Claudian de Nuptiis Honor. et Mariae. v. 193.

Ut primum vestras Aquilas Provincia vidit,
Desiit hostiles confestim horrere _Dracones_.
Sidon. Apollinaris. Carm. 2. v. 235.

[531] Epiphanius Haeres. 37. p. 267.

[532] Clemens. l. 7. p. 900.

[533] Tertullian de Praescript. Haeret. c. 47. p. 221.

[534] Vossius, Selden, and many learned men have touched upon this subject. There is a treatise of Philip Olearius de Ophiolatria. Also Dissertatio Theologico-Historico, &c. &c. de cultu serpentum. Auctore M. Johan. Christian. Kock. Lipsiae. 1717.

[535] Homer. Odyss. l. 10. v. 106.

[536] Haec a principio patria Cyclopum fuit. Justin. of the island Sicily. l. 4. c. 2.

[537]

[Greek: Os opsetai men tou monoglenou stegas]
[Greek: Charonos.] Lycophron. v. 659.

Charon was not a person, but Char-On, the temple of the Sun.

[538] [Greek: Ton peri ten Aitnen kai Leontinen Kuklopas (dunasteusai)]. Strabo. l. 1. p. 38.

[539] The province of Leontina called Xuthia. Diodorus. l. 5. p. 291.

[540] Cyclops. v. 297.

[541] Lycophron. v. 659.

[542]

[Greek: Glukutata phasi ta krea tous xenous pherein.]
[Greek: Oudeis molon deur', hostis ou katesphage.] Euripid. Cyclops. v.
126.

[543] The river Nilus was called Triton, and afterwards Nilus. [Greek: Metonomasthei de apo Neilou tou Kuklopos.] Scholia in Apollon. l. 4. v. 268.

Nilus Deorum maximus. Huetii Demons. Evang. Prop. 4. p. 111.

[544] [Greek: Aiguptie Zeu, Neile]. Athenaeus. l. 5. p. 203.

Vulcanus--Nilo natus, Opas, ut AEgyptii appellant. Cicero de Natura Deor. l. 3. c. 22. Hence [Greek: Neilos Kuklops] must have been the chief Deity; and the Cyclopians his votaries and priests.

[Greek: Neiloio temenos Kronida]. Pindar. Pyth. Ode 4. p. 239. He was no other than Ouranus, and Coelus.

[545] [Greek: Asterion, huios Anaktos], who was buried in the island Lade, near Miletus, is mentioned as a gigantic personage by Pausanias. l. 1. p. 87. Large bones have been found in Sicily; which were probably the bones of elephants, but have been esteemed the bones of the Cyclopians by Kircher and Fazellus. Fazellus. Dec. 1. l. 1. c. 6.

[546] Herodotus. l. 5. c. 61. He alludes to them under the name of Cadmians.

[547] Odyss. 10. v. 190.

[548] AEneid. l. 3. v. 619.

[549] Hymn in Dian. v. 51.

[Greek: Mounos d' ophthalmos messoi epekeito metopoi.] Hesiod. Theogon. v. 143.

Clemens Alexandrinus tells us, that Homer's account of Polyphemus is borrowed from the character of Saturnus in the Orphic poetry. Strom. l. 6. p. 751.

[550] Scholia in AEschyl. Prometh. p. 56.

[551] [Greek: Paides Ouranou, kai Ges.]

[552] [Greek: Ex hes autoi (Ouranoi) treis paidas ginoskousin hekatontacheiras, kai treis heterous apotiktousi Kuklopas.] Proclus in Photio. c. ccxxxix. p. 982.

Euripides makes them the sons of Oceanus.

[Greek: Hin' hoi monopes pontiou paides Theou]
[Greek: Kuklopes oikous' antr' erem' androktonoi.] Cyclops. v. 21.

[553] [Greek: Kai de Hieron estin archaion, Kuklopon kaloumenos bomos, kai thuousin ep' autai Kuklopsi.] Pausanias. l. 2. p. 114.

[554] Odyss. [Zeta]. v. 5. [Greek: Hupereian, hoi men ten en Sikelia Kamarinen.] Schol. ibid.

[555] [Greek: En polei tes Babulonias Kamarinei, hen tinas legein polin Ourian.] Alexand. Polyhist. apud Euseb. Praep. Evan. l. 9. p. 418.

[556] Natalis Comes. l. 9. p. 510. By the Celtae are meant those of Iberia: [Greek: opsigonoi Titenes] of Callimachus.

[557] Lycoph. v. 659. Appian mentions a nation of Cyclopians in Illyria, who were near the Pheacians.

[558] The liba made in such temples were from it named Charisia. [Greek: Charision, eidos plakounton.] Hesych.

[559] In Parthia, [Greek: Kalliope, Charis]. Appian. Syriac. p. 125.

[Greek: Phrugias polis Karis]. Steph. Byzant.

Charisiae in Arcadia. Ibid. The island Cos, called of old Caris. Ibid.

[560] Herodotus. l. 4. c. 13. [Greek: Arimaspous andras mounophthalmous.]

Strabo. l. 1. p. 40. [Greek: Tacha de kai tous monommatous Kuklopas ek tes Skuthikes historias metenenochen (Homeros.)]

[561] [Greek: Oupis te, Loxo te, kai euaion Hekaerge.] Callimach. H. in Delon. v. 292.

[562] Casaubon. not. in Strabon. l. 1. p. 40.

[Greek: Mounopa straton Arimaspon.] AEschyl. Prineth. p. 49.

[563] [Greek: Ton gar basilea kai kurion Osirin ophthalmoi kai skeptroi graphousin.] Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 354.

[564] Lycophron. v. 328. See Suidas.

[Greek: Philochoros Tritopatoras panton gegonenai protous.] Etymolog. Mag. See Meursii not. in Lycophron. v. 328. [Greek: Rhaisei tripatrou phasganoi Kandaonos.]

[565] Iliad. [Sigma]. v. 382. and [Xi]. v. 275. See Pausan. l. 9. p. 781.

[566] Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 29. p. 760.

The Graces and the Furies (Charites et Furiae) were equally denominated from the Sun, and fire; and in consequence of it had joint worship in Arcadia. Pausan. l. 8. p. 669. Charis, [Greek: Charis], of the Greeks, was the same personage as Ceres of the Romans. She was also called Damater, and esteemed one of the Furies. Pausan. l. 8. p. 649.

[567] Pausanias. l. 9. p. 781. So Coronis is said to have been the daughter of Phlegyas. Pausan. l. 2. p. 170: and Cronus the son of Apollo. l. 2. p. 123. Chiron the son of Saturn; Charon the son of Erebus and night. The hero Charisius, the son of Lycaon, which Lycaon was no other than Apollo, the God of light. These were all places, but described as personages; and made the children of the Deity, to whom they were sacred.

[568] [Greek: Deinous Theois te hiera kataskeuasasthai, kai basileia anthropois; kai gar toi Apolloni ton Naon oikodomesanto ton en Delphois, kai Huriei ton Thesauron.] Pausan. l. 9. p. 785.

Turres, ut Aristoteles, Cyclopes (invenerunt). Pliny. l. 7. c. 56.

[569] Virgil. AEn. l. 6. v. 630.

[570] Lutatius Placidus in Statii Thebaid. l. 1. p. 26.

[571] [Greek: Tas Huakinthou koras--epi ton Geraistou tou Kuklopos taphon katesphaxan.] Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 205.

[572] Hercules furens. Act. 4. v. 996.

[573] Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 41. p. 1068.

Euripides styles the walls of Argos [Greek: Ourania]:

[Greek: 'Ina teichea laina, Kuklopei', ourania nemontai.] Troades. v. 1087.

[574] Pausanias. l. 2. p. 146.

[575] Seneca Thyestes. Act. 2. v. 406.

[576] [Greek: Entos de tou Isthmou tes Troizenos homoros estin Hermione; Oikisten de tes archaias poleos Hermioneis genesthai phasin Hermiona Europos.] Pausanias. l. 2. p. 191.

[577] Strabo. l. 8. p. 573. It was inhabited by people particularly styled [Greek: Halieis], or men of the sea; who were brought thither by Druops Arcas.

[578] Pausan. l. 2. p. 147. [Greek: Kuklopon men estin ergon.] p. 169.

See Strabo. l. 8. p. 572. [Greek: Teichisai dia Kuklopon.]

[579] [Greek: Ta teiche ta en Tirunthi--oude onta elattonos thaumatos (ton Puramidon).] Pausanias. l. 9. p. 783.

[580] [Greek: Ephexes de tei Naupliai, ta spelaia, kai hoi en autois oikodometoi laburinthoi. Kuklopeia d' onomazousin.] Strabo. l. 8. p. 567.

[581] Pausanias. l. 4. p. 367.

[582] [Greek: Emoi men oun Aiguption phainetai, kai oudamos Hellenikon onoma Oros einai. ktl.] Pausan. l. 2. p. 181.

[583]

[Greek: Kuklopon bathra]
[Greek: Phoiniki kanoni kai tukois hermosmena.]
Eurip. Herc. Furens. v. 944.

[584] Strabo. l. 8. p. 572.

[585] Many places were denominated from Aster; such as Asteria, Asterion, Asteris, Astraea, Astarte. See Steph. Byzantinus. [Greek: Asterion, polis Thettalias--he nun Piresia.] Idem. [Greek: Asterie, he Delos, kai he Krete, ekaleito.] Hesychius. [Greek: Delos Asterie]. Callimach. H. in Delon. v. 37. and 40. Asteria signifies the island of Aster.

[586] L. 8. p. 572.

[587] Pausanias mentions the apartments of the daughters of Proetus. l. 2. p. 169. But the daughters of Proetus were property the virgins who officiated at the Purait, the young priestesses ot the Deity.

The Sicilian Cyclopes were three, because there were three towers only, erected upon the islands called Cyclopum Scopuli; and that they were lighthouses is apparent from the name which still remains: for they are at this day styled Faraglioni, according to Fazellus. The Cyclopes of Tiryns were seven, as we learn from Strabo; because the towers probably were in number so many. From this circumstance we may presume, that the ideas of the antients concerning the Cyclopians, were taken from the buildings which they erected.

[588] The Cyclopian buildings were also called Ouranian. [Greek: Kuklopeia t' ourania teichea.] Euripid. Electra. v. 1158.

[589] Both Cuclops, and Cuclopes, was the name of a place. We may, therefore, I think, be pretty well assured, that the Cyclopians were from hence denominated. And as sacred places had their names from the Deity, to whom they were dedicated, it is very probable, that the Cuclopian towers were named from Coelus Ops, the Deity there worshipped: for I have shewn, that this people were the reputed children of Ouranus and Coelus.

[590] Aristoteles de mirabil. auscult. p. 732.

[591] In excerptis apud Sononem. See not. Meursii in Antigonum Carystium. p. 183.

[592] Of the Cyclopians of Thrace see Scholia in Euripid. Orest. v. 966. [Greek: Kuklopes, Thrakikon ethnos]. Also Scholia in Statii Theb. l. 2. p. 104.

[593] [Greek: para de to hieron tou Kephissou Medouses lithou pepoiemene kephale. Kuklopon phasin einai kai touto ergon.] Pausan. l. 2. p. 156. [Greek: Kephissos], Dorice [Greek: Kaphissos], vel [Greek: Kaphisos]: from Caph-Isis, Petra Deae Isidis.

[594] [Greek: Eeliou, hos pant' ephorai kai pant' hupakouei.] Homer. Odyss. l. [Lambda]. v. 108.

[595] Orphic Fragment. 6. v. 19. the same as Phanes, and Dionusus. Frag. 8. v. 2. Schol. ibid.

[596] Hence the stream and lake of Cephisus in Boeotia were styled [Greek: hudata kai limne Kephissidos]: by the antient Dorians expressed [Greek: Kaphisidos], from [Greek: Kaph-Isis].

[597] Orphic Hymn. 31. v. 10.

[598] Hymn. 10. v. 10. Metis was the same as Pan.

Meed-Ous whence came [Greek: Medousa], is exactly analogous to Cotinousa, Aithousa, Alphiousa, Ampelousa, Pithecousa, Scotousa, Arginousa, Lampadousa, Amathousa, Ophiousa, Asterousa; and signifies the temple of Metis, or divine wisdom. Aster-Ous was a temple on Mount Caucasus: Amath-Ous, the same in Cyprus: Ampel-Ous, a temple in Mauritania: Alphi-Ous, in Elis: Achor-Ous, in Egypt: all dedicated to the Deity, under different titles.

[599] [Greek: Chasmasi leonteiois ta ton hieron thuromata kosmousin (hoi Aiguptioi).] Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 366.

[600] Odyss. [Lambda]. v. 610. It is a term which seems to have puzzled the commentators. [Greek: Charopoi, epiplektikoi, phoberoi]. Scholiast. Ibid. It was certainly an Amonian term: and the Poet alluded to a Charopian temple.

[Greek: Tes d' en Treis kephalai, mia men charopoio leontos]. Hesiod. Theogon. v. 321. Homer in another place mentions,

[Greek: Lukon klangen, charopon te Leonton.] Hymn. [Greek: eis Metera
theon]. v. 4.

As a lion was from hence styled Charops, so from another temple it was named Charon. [Greek: Charon ho leon]. Hesych. Achilles is styled [Greek: Aichmetes Charon], Lycoph. v. 260. a martial Charonian Lion.

[601] Pausan. l. 8. p. 696.

[602] Pausan. l. 1. p. 49.

[603] Hesiod. Theogon. v. 141. Scholia Apollon. l. 1. v. 730.

[Greek: Kuklopes tote Dii men didoasi bronten, kai astrapen, kai keraunon.] Apollodorus. l. 1. p. 4.

[604] See Stephanus. [Greek: Akmonia polis Phrugias ktl.] He styles Acmon [Greek: Akmona ton Maneos.] Manes was the chief Deity of Lydia, Lycia, and Persis; and the same as Menes of Egypt.

There was a city Acmonia in Thrace. Ptol. l. 5. p. 138.

[605] [Greek: Esti kai allo Akmonion alsos peri Thermadonta.] Steph. Byzant. Apollonius takes notice of [Greek: Alseos Akmonioio.] l. 2. v. 994. Here Mars was supposed to have married Harmonia, the mother of the Amazonians.

[606] Acmonides is represented as a patronymic; but there is reason to think that it is an Amonian compound, Acmon-Ades, Acmon the God of light, the same as Coelus, Cronus, and Osiris. Acmon and Acmonides were certainly the same person: [Greek: Akmon; Kronus, Ouranos.] Hesych. [Greek: Akmonides, ho Charon, kai ho Ouranos]. ibid. He was the Cyclopian God, to whom different departments were given by the mythologists. Charon Cyclops is mentioned by Lycophron. v. 659. above quoted.

[607] Simmiae Rhodii [Greek: Pterugia]. Theocritus. Heinsii. p. 214.

[608] Callimachi Hymn. in Dianam. v. 146.

[609] [Greek: Daktuloi Idaioi Kretaees]. Apollonius Rhod. l. 1. v. 1129.

The Scholiast upon this Poet takes notice of only three; of which one was Acmon:

[Greek: Kelmis, Damnameneus te megas, kai huperbios Akmon,]
[Greek: Hoi protoi technen polumetios Hephaistoio]
[Greek: Heuron en oureieisi napais ioenta sideron,]
[Greek: Es pur t' enenkan, kai ariprepes ergon edeixan.]

These verses are quoted from the antient author, [Greek: ho ten phoronida suntheis.]

Diodorus Siculus, l. 1. p. 333. says, that some made the Idaei Dactyli ten in number; others an hundred.

[610] Clemens Alexand. Strom. l. 1. p. 401. Strabo. l. 10. p. 725.

[611] Strabo. l. 10. p. 715. They are by Tatianus Assyrius spoken of as the Cyclopes, and the same invention attributed to them. [Greek: Chalkeuein Kuklopes (edidaxan).] p. 243.

Fabricam ferrariam primi excogitarunt Cyclopes, See Hoffman. Ferrum.

[612] [Greek: Kuklopes, Thrakikon ethnos, apo Kuklopos basileos houtos onomazomenoi.--pleiones de auton en tei Kouretidi; esan de ARISTOI TECHNITAI.] Schol. in Euripid. Orest. v. 966.

Mention is afterwards made [Greek: ton ek tes Kouretidos Kuklopon]. The Curetes worshipped Cronus: so that Cronus and Cuclops were the same. See Porphyry de Abstin. l. 2. p. 225.

[613] They are said to have made the altar upon which the Gods were sworn, when the Titans rebelled against Jupiter. Scholiast upon Aratus. p. 52. In memorial of this altar an Asterism was formed in the Sphere, denominated [Greek: bomos], ara.

[614] Virgil AEn. l. 8. v. 424.

[615] Proetides implerunt falsis mugitibus auras. Virgil. Eclog. 6. v. 48.

[616] Herod. l. 7. c. 123.

[Greek: He Pallene Cherronesos, he en toi Isthmoi keitai. he prin men Potidaia, nun de Kassandreia, Phlegraia de prin ekaleito; okoun d' auten hoi muthuomenoi Gigantes, ethnos asebes, kai anomon.] Strabo. Epitome. l. 7. p. 510.

[617] Lycophron. v. 115.

[618] Stephanus places Torone in Thrace, and supposes it to have been named from Torone, who was not the wife, but daughter of Proteus. [Greek: Apo Torones tes Proteos.] Some made her the daughter of Poseidon and Phoenice. See Steph. [Greek: Phlegraia]. There were more towers than one of this name.

[619] [Greek: Pallenian epelthe Gegenon trophon], Lycoph. v. 127.

[620] Lycophron. v. 124.

[621] Eustath. on Dionysius. v. 259.

[622] Herodot. l. 2. c. 112.

[623] [Greek: Protea kiklesko, pontou kleidas echonta.] Orphic Hymn. 24.

[624] Aristides. Oratio AEgyptiaca. v. 3. p. 608.

[625] Stephanus Byzant. [Greek: Pharos.]

[626] Chilias. 2. Hist. 44. p. 31. [Greek: Proteus phoinikes phinikos pais--peri ten pharon katoikon.]

[627] Orphic Hymn to Proteus. 24.

[628] Eustath. in Dionys. v. 14.

[Greek: Phrontin Onetoriden]. Homer. Odyss. [Gamma]. v. 282. See also Hesych.

[629] AEneid. l. 6. v. 556.

[630] Virg. AEneid. l. 6. v. 618.

[631] Stephanus. [Greek: Aithiopia.]

[632] The hieroglyphic was a man with the head of a bull; which had the same reference, as the Apis, and Mneuis of Egypt.

[633] Diodorus Sic. l. 20. p. 756.

[634] Homer. Odyss. [Mu]. v. 222.

[635] Epist. 79.

[636] [Greek: Akousilaos Phorkunos kai Hekates ten Skullan legei. Stesikoros de, en tei Skullei, Lamias ten Skullan phesi thugatera einai.] Apollonius. Schol. l. 4. v. 828.

[637] Euripides. Cyclops. v. 126.

[638] Odyss. l. [Iota]. v. 389.

[639] Imitated by Mr. Pope.

[640] Ennius translated into Latin the history of Euhemerus, who seems to have been a sensible man, and saw into the base theology of his country. He likewise wrote against it, and from hence made himself many enemies. Strabo treats him as a man devoted to fiction. l. 2. p. 160.

[641] Ex Ennii Historia sacra, quoted by Lactantius. Divin. Institut. vol. 1. c. 13. p. 59.

[642] [Greek: Messenion Euemeron]. Strabo. l. 1. p. 81.

[643] Clemens. Cohort. p. 11. Arnobius. l. 5.

[644] [Greek: Dionuson Mainolon orgiasousi Bakchoi, omophagiai ten hieromanian agontes, kai teliskousi tas kreonomias ton phonon anestemmenoi tois ophesin.] Clemens Cohort. p. 11.

[645] Julius Firmicus. p. 14.

[646] Apollon. Rhod. l. 1. v. 636.

[647] Scholia Apollon. l. 1. v. 635.

[648] Porphyry [Greek: peri apoches]. l. 2. p. 224.

[649] Turricolas Lamias, Fauni quas Pompiliique

Instituere Numae. Lactant. de falsa Relig. l. 1. c. 22. p. 105.

[650] Homer Odyss. [Kappa]. v. 81.

[651] Ibid. [Kappa]. v. 120.

[652] [Greek: En merei tini tes choras (tes Sikelias) Kuklopes, kai Laistrugones, oikesai.] Thucyd. l. 6. p. 378.

[653] Scholia. v. 956. Leon in Leontium is a translation of Lais ([Hebrew: LWSH]) Leo: Bochart.

[654] Lycoph. above.

[655] Plutarch de Defect. Orac. vol. 1. p. 398.

[Greek: Heteroi de phaisin ek Maliaion aphikesthai Lamias thugatera Sibullan.] Clem. Alex. Strom. l. 1. p. 358. Pausanias makes her the daughter of Jupiter and Lamia. l. 10. p. 825.

[656] Clemens Alex. l. 1. p. 358.

[657] See Diodorus. l. 20. p. 778. of the Lamia in Libya, and of her cavern.

[658] Euripides quoted ibid.

[659] Philostratus. Vita Apollon. l. 4. p. 183.

[660] Aristot. Ethic. l. 7. c. 6. p. 118. See Plutarch [Greek: peri polupragmosunes], And Aristoph. Vespae. Schol. v. 1030.

[661] Horace, l. 3. ode 17.

[662] Virgil AEn. l. 7. v. 1. See Servius.

[663] Strabo. l. 5. p. 357. [Greek: Kolpon Kaiattan. kl.]

[664] Ibid. p. 356.

[665] Silius. l. 8.

[666] De Virgiliana continentia. p. 762. Caiat signified a kind of whip, or thong, probably such was used at Caiate.

[667] Virgil. AEneid. l. 5. v. 873.

[668] See Nonnus. l. 19. p. 320.

[669] V. 653. See Natalis Comes.

[670] L. 4. v. 892.

[671] V. 1269.

[672] Odyss. l. [Mu]. v. 39.

[673] From Mr. Pope's translation.

[674] Callimachi Frag. 184. p. 510.

[675] Apollon. l. 4. v. 828. Scholia. She is said also to have been the daughter of Hecate and Phorcun. Ibid. The daughter of a Deity means the priestess. Phor-Cun signifies Ignis Dominus, the same as Hephastus.

[676] Herodotus. l. 7. c. 90.

[677] [Greek: Kuros ho helios.] See Radicals. p. 48.

[678] Strabo. l. 14. p. 1002. the promontory was called Curias [Greek: Kurias akra; eita polis Kourion.]

[679] L. 4. c. 103.

[680] Virgil. AEneid. l. 8. v. 190.

[681] Livy. l. 1. c. 7.

[682] Plutarch. in Amatorio. vol. 2. p. 762.

[683] Lactantius de F. R. l. 1. c. 20. p. 90.

[684] Milton. l. 2. v. 579.

[685] Theoc. Idyl. 17. v. 47.

[686] Aristoph. [Greek: Batrach.] v. 474. So Cocytus is by Claudian described as the river of tears.

---- presso lacrymarum fonte resedit
Cocytos. De Rapt. Proserp. l. 1. v. 87.

[687] He makes Metis the same as Athena. H. 31. l. 10.

In another place Metis is styled [Greek: protos genetor]. Frag. 6. v. 19. p. 366.

[688] Ibid. Fragm. 8. p. 373.

[689] Eusebii. Chron. Log. p. 4. l. 42.

[690] [Greek: Hippan kiklesko Bakchou trophon.] Hymn. 48.

[691] Hymn. 47. v. 4.

[692] Orphic Frag. 43. [Greek: He men gar Hippa tou pantos ousa psuche ktl.] Proclus. ibid. p. 401.

[693] Among the Egyptians, the emblems of which they made use were arbitrary, and very different from the things to which they referred. An eagle, an ox, and a horse, were all used as symbols, but had no real connexion with the things alluded to, nor any the least likeness. The Grecians not considering this were always misled by the type; and never regarded the true history, which was veiled under it.

[694] [Greek: Hippeis.] v. 548.

[695] Pausan. l. 5. p. 414.

[696] Ibid. l. 5. p. 416.

[697] Hesych. [Greek: Hippia.]

[698] Pausan. l. 8. p. 649.

[699] Metam. l. 6. v. 117.

[700] Ibid. l. 2. v. 668.

[701] Virg. Georg. l. 3. v. 92.

[702] Iliad. [Beta]. v. 766. He also mentions the mares of Eresicthon, with which Boreas was supposed to have been enamoured.

[Greek: Taon kai Borees erasseto boskomenaon,]
[Greek: Hippoi d' eisamenos parelexato kuanochaitei.]
[Greek: Hai d' hupokussamenai etekon duokaideka polous.] Odyss.
[Upsilon]. v. 224.

[703] H. to Apollo. v. 47.

[704] Strabo. l. 17. p. 1188.

[705] Hesych. [Greek: Hippeion].

[706] [Greek: Proiousi de Hippou kaloumenon mnema estin.--Kiones de hepta, hoi tou mnematos toutou diechousin ou polu, kata tropon oimai ton archaion, hous asteron ton Planeton phasin agalmata.] Pausan. l. 3. p. 262.

[707] They included the moon among the primary planets; not being acquainted with any secondary.

[708] See Steph. Byzant. and Cellarius.

[709] Ovid. Deianira ad Hero. Epist.

[710] Geog. Vet. vol. 2. v. 665. See also Diodorus. l. 4. p. 223. also Strabo Epitome. l. 7. p. 511.

[711] See Radicals. p. 119.

[712] The birds at the lake Stymphalus are described as feeding upon human flesh. [Greek: Logos Ornithas pote androphagous ep' autoi traphenai.] Pausan. l. 8. p. 610. The real history of the place was, that the birds called Stymphalides were a set of Canibal priests.

[713] Glaucus, the son of Sisiphus is said to have been eaten by horses. Palaephatus. p. 58.

[714] P. 54.

[715] Metamorph. l. 8. v. 873.

[716] Josephus calls Egypt Mestra. Antiq. l. 1. c. 6. Sec.. 2. See Radicals, p. 8. Notes.

[717] [Greek: Ho protos oikesas ten Mestraian choran, etoi Aigupton, Mestraim.] Euseb. Chron. p. 17.

[718] Herodotus. l. 2 c. 55.

[719] Ovid Metam. l. 5. v. 341. Most temples of old were courts of justice; and the priests were the judges, who there presided.

AElian. V. H. l. 14. c. 34. [Greek: Dikastai to archaion par' Aiguptiois hoi hiereis esan.]

[720] Oratio in Verrem. 5. Sect. ultima. vol. 3. p. 291.

[721] Ceres is mentioned by Varro quasi Geres. l. 4. p. 18.

[722] Hesychius. [Greek: Acheiro.]

[723] Repentur in poematiis antiquis, a Pithaeo editis, carmen in laudem Solis; quod eum esse Liberum, et Cererem, et Jovem statuit. Huetius. Demonst. Evang. Prop. 4. p. 142.

[724] Coelius. Rhodog. l. 17. c. 27.

[725] Varro speaks of Ceres, as if her name was originally Geres. l. 4. p. 18.

[726] There was a place called Charisia in Arcadia. Pausan. l. 8. p. 603. Charesus, and Charesene, in Phrygia. Charis in Persis, and Parthia. See Treatise upon the Cyclopes.

[727] Pausan. l. 9. p. 781. Nonnus. l. 29. p. 760.

[728] Etymolog. Mag. and Suidas.

[729] [Greek: Chresmologoi meteichon tes en toi Prutaneioi siteseos.]. Aristoph. [Greek: Eirene]. Scholia, v. 1084.

[730] L. 8. p. 6l6.

[731] L. 5. p. 415.

[732] [Greek: Prutaneia te echousa kai Archontas.] Thucyd. l. 2. p. 107.

[733] [Greek: To de luchnion en Prutaneioi.] Theocrit. Idyl. 21.

[734] Suidas.

[735] L. 2. p. 107. Others gave another reason. [Greek: Prutaneion ekaleito, epeide ekei ekathento hoi Prutaneis, hoi ton holon pragmaton dioiketai.] Ibid.

[736] Julius Pollux. l. 1. c. 1. p. 7.

[737] [Greek: Prutaneion estin, en hoi nomoi tou Solonos eisi gegrammenoi.] Pausan. l. 1. p. 41.

[738] Plutarch in Solone. p. 92.

[739] L. 41. p. 1152.

[740] L. 8. p. 649. Mount Caucasus was denominated, as is supposed, from a shepherd Caucasus. The women, who officiated in the temple, were styled the daughters of Caucasus, and represented as Furies: by which was meant priestesses of fire.

Caucasi filiae Furiae. See Epiphanius Anchorat. p. 90.

[741] Lycophron. Scholia. v. 1225. [Greek: Kai Kallimachos Erinnun kalei Demetra.] Ibid.

Neptune is said to have lain with Ceres, when in the form of a Fury. Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 157. She is said from thence to have conceived the horse Areion.

Lycophron alludes to her cruel rites, when he is speaking of Tantalus, and Pelops.

[Greek: Hou pappon en gamphaisin Hennaia pote]
[Greek: Erkun' Erinnus, thouria, xiphephoros,]
[Greek: Asarka mistullous' etumbeusen taphoi.] v. 152.]

[742] Herodotus. l. 7. c. 197.

[743] L. 2 v. 288.

[744] The Sirens and Harpies were persons of the same vocation, and of this the Scholiast upon Lycophron seems to have been apprised. See v. 653.

[745] Harpya, [Greek: Harpuia], was certainly of old a name of a place. The town so called is mentioned to have been near Encheliae in Illyria. Here was an Amonian Petra of Cadmus, and Harmonia.

[746] [Greek: Tituoi enalinkios aner.] Theocrit. Idyl. 22. v. 94.

[747] Pausan. l. 1. p. 94.

[748] [Greek: Kerkuon] is compounded of Ker-Cuon, and signifies the temple of the Deity.

[749] L. 1. p. 94.

[750] Ovid. Ibis. v. 411.

[751] Anacharsis. vol. 2. p. 388. [Greek: Gumnasion huph' hemon onomazetai, kai estin hieron Apollonos Lukiou.]

[752] [Greek: Kai ho topos houtos palaistra kai es eme ekaleito oligon pou taphou tes Alopes apechon.] Pausan. l. 1. p. 94.

That very antient temple of Pan on Mount Lycaeum in Arcadia had a Gymnasium in a grove. [Greek: Esti en toi Lukaioi Panos te Hieron, kai peri auto alsos dendron, kai Hippodromos te, kai pro autou stadion.] Pausan. l. 8. p. 678.

[753] I have mentioned, that Torone was a temple of the Sun, and also [Greek: phlegraia], by which was meant a place of fire, and a light-house. This is not merely theory: for the very tower may be seen upon coins, where it is represented as a Pharos with a blaze of fire at the top. See vol. 2. page 118.

[754] Plutarch. Theseus, p. 6.

[755] Chron. Logos. p. 31. He was also named Asterus, Asterion, and Asterius. Lycoph. v. 1299. Schol. and Etymolog. Mag. Minois. Asterius was represented as the son of Anac. [Greek: Asteriou tou Anaktos]. Pausan. l. 7. p. 524. [Greek: Andreiai tous apothanontas hupo Theseos huperebalen ho Asterion (ho Mino)] Pausan. l. 2. p. 183.

[756] Pausan. l. 1. p. 94.

[757] Diodorus explains farther the character of this personage, [Greek: ton palaionta tois pariousi, kai ton hettethenta diaphtheironta]. l. 4 p. 226.

[758] Diodorus Sic. l. 4. p. 225, and 233.

[759] [Greek: Ideos ton Antaion phesi ton XENON ton hettemenon TOIS KRANIOIS erephein ton tou Poseidonos naon.] Pindar. Isth. Ode 4. Scholia. p. 458. See Diodorus concerning Antaeus [Greek: sunanankazonta tous xenous diapalaiein.] l. 4. p. 233.

[760] V. 866, and Scholia.

[761] Diodorus Sic. l. 4. p. 263.

[762] Hercules Furens. v. 391.

[763] Pindar. Olymp. Ode 10. p. 97. Scholia. from the Cygnus of Stesichorus.

[764] Euripides. Orestes. v. 1648. Schol. Lycaon was a Deity, and his priests were styled Lycaonidae. He was the same as Jupiter Lycaeus, and Lucetius: the same also as Apollo.

[765] Pausan. l. 8. p. 600.

[766] Odyss. l. [Phi]. v. 307.

[767] [Greek: Mnesomai, oude lathoimi Apollonos Ekatoio]. Homer. [Eta]. to Apollo. v. 1.

[Greek: Eu eidos agoreue theopropias Hekatoio.] Iliad. [Alpha]. v. 385.

[Greek: Artemis iocheaira, kasignete Hekatoio.] Iliad. [Upsilon]. v. 71.

[768] Odyss. [Sigma]. v. 83.

[769] Purchas. Pilg. vol. 5. p. 872. and Garcilasso della Vega. Rycaut. p. 403.

[770] See Plutarch's life of Theseus. p. 3, 4. vol. 1.

[771] V. 146.

[772] Campio, Gladiator. Isidorus.

[773] Vegetius. l. 2. c. 7.

[774] Nonnus. l. 18. p. 500.

[775] Eustathius on Dionysius. v. 357.

[776] Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 13, 14.

[777] [Greek: Homoios de tous Indous ton theon touton par' heautois apophanesthai gegonenai.] Diod. Sic. l. 4. p. 210.

[778] Diodorus. l. 1. p. 14.

[779] Diodorus. l. 1. p. 17.

[780] Ibid. p. 14. This city is also said to have been built by Hercules. Diodorus. l. 4. p. 225.

[781]

Primus aratra manu sollerti fecit Osiris,
Et teneram ferro sollicitavit humum. Tibull. l. 1. El. 8. v. 29.

[782] [Greek: Zuthos, ek ton krithon poma.] Diodorus. l. 1. p. 37.

[783] [Greek: Basileuonta de Osirin Aiguptious euthus aporou biou kai theriodous apallaxai, karpous te deixanta, kai nomous themenon autois.] Plut. Is. et Osir. p. 356.

[784] Eusebius. Pr. Ev. l. 1. p. 44, 45.

[785] Diodorus Sic. l. 1. p. 24.

[786] Both the Patriarch, and his son Ham, had the name of Cronus, as may be learned from Sanchoniathon. [Greek: Egennethesan de kai en Paraiai Kronoi treis paides, Kronos homonumos toi patri, ktl.] Euseb. Praep. l. 1. c. 10. p. 37.

Paraia is the same as Pur-aia, the land of Ur; from whence the Gentile writers deduce all their mythology.

[787] See Radicals. p. 42.

[788] [Greek: Rhagdaion de genomenon ombron kai pneumaton,--dendrou labomenon ton Ousoon, kai apokladeusanta, proton tolmesai eis thalassan embenai.] Euseb. Pr. Ev. l. 1. c. 10. p. 35.

[789] Euseb. Chron. p. 7. l. 43.

[790] Strabo. l. 17. p. 1168.

[791] [Greek: Tas Gorgonas ep' okeanon ousas ton peri polin Iberias ten Tartesson.] Schol. in Lycophr. ad v. 838.

[792] [Atlas] Apex Perseo et Herculi pervius. Solin. c. 24.

[793] Andromedam Perseus nigris portarit ab Indis. Ovid. Art. Amand. l. 1. v. 53.

[794] Pausan. l. 4. p. 370.

[795] Pliny mentions these bones being brought from Joppa to Rome in the aedileship of M. Scaurus; longitudine pedum 40, altitudine costarum Indicos elephantos excedente, spinae crassitudine sesquipedali. l. 9. c. 5.

[796] Deseritur Taurique jugum, Perseaque Tarsus. Lucan. l. 3. v. 225. See Solin. c. 38.

[797] Perseam quoque plantam ---- a Perseo Memphi satam. Plin. l. 15. c. 13.

Of Perseus in Cilicia, see Chron. Pasch. p. 39.

[798] Pindar. Pyth. Od. 10. v. 49 and 70. [Greek: Eis to ton Makaron andron ethnos.] Schol. in v. 70.

[799] Virgil. AEn. l. 7. v. 409.

Ardea a Danae Persei matre condita. Plin. Hist. Nat l. 3. p. 152.

[800] Servius in Virgil. AEn. l. 8.

[801] Diodorus Sic. l. 1. p. 21.

[802] Ibidem.

[803] Herodotus. l. 6. c. 54. See Chron. Paschale. p. 38.

Some make him a Colchian. [Greek: Helioi gar phesin huious genesthai duo en tois topois ekeinois, hois onomata en Perseus kai Aietes; toutous de kataschesin ten choran; kai Aieten men Kolchous kai Maiotas, Persea de Taurikes Basileusai.] Schol. in Apollon. Argonautic. l. 3. v. 199.

[804] [Greek: He de Persou gune Asteria pais en Koiou kai Phoibes; hoi Koios de kai Phoibe OURANOU paides.] Schol. in Lycophron. v. 1175.

[805] Natalis Comes. l. 7. c. 18.

[806] Schol. in Lycophr. v 18.

Lycophr. v. 17.

[Greek: Ton chrusopatron morphnon--ton Persea.] Schol. in Lycophr. v. 838.

[807] [Greek: Engus tes Nees polios]. He is said to have introduced here Gymnic exercises. Herodot. l. 2. c. 91. And to have often appeared personally to the priests. Herodot. ibid.

Herodotus of the Dorians. l. 6. c. 54.

[808] [Greek: En larnaki xulinoi]. Schol. in Lycophr. v. 838.

[Greek: En kibotoi tini]. Chron. Pasch. p. 38. from Euripides.

The father of Danae [Greek: eneirxas auten eis ten Kiboton meta tou PAIDOS katheken eis to pelagos.] Schol. in Pind. Pyth. Od. 10. v. 72.

[809] All salutary streams were consecrated to the Sun. There were some waters of this nature near Carthage, which were named Aquae Persianae. See Apuleii Florida. c. 16. p. 795, and p. 801. They were so named from Perez, the Sun, to whom they were sacred.

[810] Ovid. Trist. l. 1. eleg. 3. v. 48. See Natalis Comes. l. 7. c. 18.

[811] Polyb. l. 5. p. 389.

[812] Plin. Hist. Nat. l. 6. c. 16. See Q. Curtius, and Strabo.

[813] Parrhasii in Hyrcania. Strabo. l. 11. p. 775.

[814] Plin. Hist. Nat. l. 2. c. 98.

[815] Of Parrhasians in Arcadia. Strabo. l. 8. p. 595. See Plin. Hist. Nat. l. 4. c. 6.

[Greek: Huios Dinutta Damarchos ten d' anetheken]
[Greek: Eikon', ap' Arkadias Parrhasios genean.]
Pausan. l. 6. p. 471. See also l. 8. p. 654.

[816] Plato in Alcibiad. vol. 2. p. 120.

[817] Herodot. l. 7. c. 150.

[818] Statii Theb. l. 1. v. 717.

[819] Diodorus Sicul. l. 3. p. 185.

[820] [Greek: Pollais geneais proteron ton Troikon.] Ibid.

[821] [Greek: Tes Libues en tois pros hesperan meresin epi tou peratos tes oikoumenes.] Diodorus Sic. l. 3. p. 186.

She likewise was in possession of the [Greek: nesoi eudaimones], or Islands of the blessed, which lay opposite to her dominions in Africa.

[822] Writers mention that she raised over the slain three large mounds of earth, which were called [Greek: taphoi Amazonon], the tombs of the Amazons. This shews that the Gorgons and Amazons were the same people, however separated, and represented in a state of warfare.

[823] Iliad [Beta]. v. 811. [Greek: Murina; onoma kurion Amazonos.] Scholia ibid.

[824] Diodorus Sicul. l. 4. p. 216, 217, 225, 227, &c. See also Justin. l. 44. c. 4. and Apollodorus. l. 2. p. 100.

Hercules of Tyre was said to have been the Son of Athamas, the same as Palaemon.

[825] Ludovicus Nonnius in Hispania. p. 196, 170.

[826] Diodorus Sicul. l. 4. p. 227.

Corunna the same as Kir-Ona.

Many Amonian cities of similar analogy to Alesia.

[827] Diodorus, above.

[828] [Greek: Chrusa mela--probata.] Schol. in Apollon. Argonaut. l. 4. v. 1396. [Greek: ex Agroitou en g' Libukon.]

[829] [Greek: Ton Heraklea, summachounton autoi ton theon, kratesai tei machei, kai tous pleistous anelonta ten choran exemerosai.] Diodorus Sicul. l. 4. p. 229. Strabo. l. 5. p. 376. and l. 6. p. 430.

[830] Strabo. l. 15. p. 1007. and l. 11. p. 771. Diodorus Sic. l. 2. p. 124.

[831] Arrian. Hist. Indica. p. 321.

[832] Herod. l. 4. c. 9. Aristid. Orat. v. 1. p. 85.

[833] Ovid. Metam. l. 11. v. 218.

[834] Poculo Herculem vectum ad Erytheiam. Macrob. Sat. l. 5. c. 21. Apollodorus. l. 2. p. 100. Schol. Apollon. Argonaut. l. 4. v. 1396. from Pherecydes Syrus; and from the Libyca of Agroitas. [Greek: Labon chrusoun depas par' Heliou--dia tou okeanou plein.]

[835] Strabo. l. 3. p. 237. He was supposed to have been the founder of Tartossus, where he was worshipped under the name of Archaleus. Etymolog. Mag. [Greek: Gadara.]

[836] Syncellus. p. 171.

[837] Pomponius Mela. l. 3. c. 6.

[838] Athenaeus. l. 12. c. 512.

[839] Strabo. l. 15. p. 1009. [Greek: Plasma ton Herakleian poiounton.]

[840] Nat. Deorum. l. 3. c. 16.

[841] Arrian speaks of this Indian Hercules, together with the others mentioned by Cicero. [Greek: Ei de toi pista tauta, allos an outos Heraklees eie, ouch ho Thebaios, e ho Turios houtos, e ho Aiguptios, e tis kai kata ano choren ou porrho tes Indon ges oikismenen megas basileus.] Hist. Ind. p. 319. Varro mentions forty of this name, who were all reputed Deities.

[842] See Ludovicus Nonnius, in Hispan. p. 196, 170.

[843] See Audigier Origines des Francois. part. 1. p. 225, 230.

[844] Mela. l. 2. c. 5. l. 30.

[845] Petronius. p. 179. Est locus Herculeis aris sacer.

[846] He was worshipped by the Suraceni, a particular Indian nation, who styled him [Greek: Gegenes], or the Man of the Earth. Arrian. Hist. Indic. p. 321.

[847] Hercules apud Celtas. See Voss. de Idolat. l. 1. c. 35. l. 2. c. 15.

[848] Eumenius in Orat. pro Scholis instaurandis. See Lilius Gyraldus, Synt. 10. p. 330.

[849] Suetonius in Augusto. c. 29. Livy. l. 40. c. 51.

[850] Johan. Sambuci Emblemata.

[851] He was the same as Osiris, the Sun. [Greek: Ton en pasi kai dia panton Helion.] Macrob. Saturn. l. 1. c. 20. p. 207. See Porphyry apud Euseb. Praep. Evang. l. 3. p. 112.

[852] See Lilius Gyraldus Syntag. 10. p. 592. Pausanias expresses the name [Greek: Aichmagoras]. l. 8. p. 624.

[853] Lilius Gyrald p. 595.

[854] In the following extracts we may see the character of this Deity among different nations. [Greek: Heraklea de hontina es Indous aphikesthai logos katechei par' autoisin Indoisin Gegenea legesthai; touton toi Heraklea malista pros Surasenon gerairesthai, Indikou ethnous.] Arrian. Hist. Ind. p. 321.