Chapter XII: Part 12

[Greek: Alla tis archaios esti theos Aiguptioisi Heraklees; hos de autoi legousi etea esti eptakischilia kai meria es Amasin basileusanta.] Herod. l. 2. c. 43. [Greek: All' ismen Aiguptious, hoson tina agousin Heraklea, kai Turious, hoti proton sebousi Theon.] Aristid. Orat. v. 1. p. 59. He had at Tyre a Temple, as old as the city. [Greek: Ephasan gar hama Turoi oikizomenei kai to Hieron tou theou hidrunthenai.] Herod. l. 2. c. 44.

[Greek: Esti gar en Turoi Hieron Herakleous palaiotaton, hon mnemei anthropinei diasosetai; ou tou Argeiou Herakleous. k. l.] Arrian. Expedit. Alex. p. 88.

[855] Diodorus Sic. l. 3. p. 195. 196. and p. 200.

[856] [Greek: Dionusou apogonous Oxudrakas.] Strabo. l. 15. p. 1008. The Tyrians laid the same claim to him. [Greek: Ton Dionuson Turioi nomizousin heauton einai.] Achill. Tatius. l. 2. p. 67. So did likewise the Cretans, and the people of Naxos. Some of the Libyans maintained, that he was educated in the grotto of the Nymphs upon the river Triton. Diodor. Sic. l. 3. p. 202. 203. Concerning Dionusus the benefactor, see Arrian. Hist. Ind. p. 321.

Of his coming to India from the west. Philostratus. l. 2. p. 64. [Greek: Epeluton auton Assurion.]

[857] Of his travels, see Strabo. l. 15. p. 1008.

[858] [Greek: Ton d' oun Dionuson, epelthonta meta stratopedou pasan ten oikoumenen, didaxai ten phuteian tou ampelou.] Diodor. Sic. l. 3. p. 197.

[Greek: Kai pro Alexandrou, Dionusou peri pollos logos katechei, hos kai toutou strateusantos es Indous.] Arrian. Hist. Indic. p. 318.

[859] Diodorus. l. 3. p. 204.

[860] [Greek: Indous kai Turrhenous legousin, hos katestrepsato (Dionusos).] Aristid. Orat. in Dionus. p. 54.

[861] Cic. de Nat. Deor. l. 3. c. 23. Of the various places of his birth, see Diodorus Sic. l. 3. p. 200.

[862] Linus, Orpheus, Panopides, Thymaetes, and Dionysius Milesius, Diodorus Sic. l. 3. p. 201.

[863] It was a common subject for Elegy. Plutarch. Isis et Osir.

[Greek: Poiesometha de ten archen apo Dionusou, dio kai palaion einai sphodra touton, kai megistais euergesiais katatetheisthai toi genei ton anthropon.] Diodorus Sicul. l. 4. p. 210.

[Greek: Linon phasi tois Pelasgikois grammasi suntaxamenon tas tou protou Dionusou praxeis.] Diodorus Sic. l. 3. p. 201.

[864] L. 4. p. 210.

[Greek: Ton Osirin Dionuson einai legousin.] Herodot. l. 2. c. 42. c. 145.

[865] The Indians gave the same account of Dionusus, as the Egyptians did of Osiris. [Greek: Polias te oikesai (Dionuson) kai nomous thesthai teisi polesin, oinou te dotera Indois genesthai;--kai speirein didaxai ten gen, didonta auton spermata;--boas te hup' arotroi zeuxai Dionuson proton;--kai theous sebein hoti edidaxe Dionusos--ktl.] Arrian. Hist. Indic. p. 321.

[866] Pausan. l. 3. p. 272. As his rites came originally from Chaldea, and the land of Ur, he is in consequence of it often styled [Greek: Purigenes, amd Purisporos;] Strabo. l. 13. p. 932. [Greek: Elthe, makar Dionuse, PYRISPORE, taurometope.] Orphic. Hymn. 44. v. 1.

[867] There was a cavern, where they supposed him to be buried, at Delphi, [Greek: para chruseoi Apolloni.] Cyril contra Jul. p. 342.

[868] [Greek: Kronos perieon ten oikoumenen.] Sanchoniath. apud Euseb. Praep. Evang. l. 1. c. 10. p. 38.

[869] [Greek: Ton men oun Kronon onta presbutaton basilea genesthai; kai tous kath' heauton anthropous ex agriou diaites eis bion hemeron metastesai, kai dia touto apodoches megales tuchonta pollous epelthein tes oikoumenes topous; eisegesasthai de pasi ten te dikaiosunen kai ten haploteta tes psuches.] Diodorus Sicul. l. 5. p. 334.

[870] [Greek: Ouranon--tous anthropous sporaden oikountas sunagagein eis poleos peribolon, kai tes men anomias kai theriodous biou pausai--kataktesasthai de auton tes oikoumenes ten pleisten.] Ibid. l. 3. p. 1*9.

[871] [Greek: Apollona meta Themidos, ophelesai boulomenon to genos hemon; eita ten opheleian eipon, hoti eis hemeroteta proukaleito.] Strabo. l. 9. p. 646.

[872] [Greek: Kath' hon chronon Apollona ten gen epionta hemeroun tous anthropous apo te ton anemeron karpon kai bion.] Ibid.

[873] Diodorus Sicul. l. 3. p. 195.

The wanderings of Isis and Iona relate to the same history: as do likewise those of Cadmus.

[874] Eusebii Chron. p. 7. l. 37.

[875] [Greek: Thoulis. Houtos ebasileuse pases Aiguptou, kai heos okeanou; kai mian ton en autoi neson ekalesen apo tou idiou onomatos Thoulen.] Suidas.

[876] [Greek: Meta Osirin ebasileusen Oros; kai meta ton Oron ebasileuse Thoulis, hostis parelabe meta dunameos tinos pasan ten gen heos tou okeanou.] Chron. Pasch. p. 46.

He is mentioned by Cedrenus. [Greek: Thoules, hos kai heos tou okeanou pusan ten gen pareilephen.] p. 20.

[877] Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 49.

[878] See Apollon. Argonaut. l. 4. v. 277. and Herodot. l. 2. c. 102.

Syncellus. p. 59, 60

[879] Diodorus Sic. above. He was near losing his whole army.

[880] [Greek: Ten de choran hoplois katestrepsato tois heautou Basileus Basileon, kai Despotes Despoton Sesoosis.] Diodor. Sicul. ibid.

[881] He passed through all Ethiopia to the Cinnamon country. Strabo. l. 17. p. 1138. This must be Indica Ethiopia, and the island Seran-Dive. Hence came Cinnamon: here were [Greek: stelai kai epigraphai.]

Venit ad occasum, mundique extrema Sesostris. Lucan. l. 10. v. 276

[882] [Greek: Sesostris ete me, hos hapasan echeirosato ten Asian en eniautois ennea.] Syncellus. p. 59.

Some make him advance farther, and conquer all Europe: [Greek: homoios hupetaxe kai ten Asian pasan, kai TEN EUROPEN, kai ten Skuthian, kai ten Musian.] Chron. Pasch. p. 47. Herodotus thinks he did not proceed farther than Thrace. l. 2. c. 103.

[883] Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 49.

[884] Of all the great actions of Sesostris, see Marsham. Can. Chron. sec. 14. p. 354.

[885] [Greek: Peri de touton to men alethes ekthesthai met' akribeias ou rhadion.] Diodorus Sicul. L. 1. p. 52.

[886] Sir John Marsham's Can. Chron. sec. 14. p. 354.

Sir Isaac Newton's Chronology, p. 217.

[887] 1 Kings. c. 14. v. 25, 26. _And it came to pass, that in the fifth year of king Rehoboam Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem (because they had transgressed against the Lord); with twelve hundred chariots, and threescore thousand horsemen; and the people were without number, that came with him out of Egypt; the Lubims, the Sukkiims, and the Ethiopians._ 2 Chron. c. 12. v. 2, 3.

[888] [Greek: Paralaboin de Sousakos amacheti ten polin]. Joseph. Antiq. l. 8. c. 10.

[889] Sethosis of Josephus contra Apion. l. 1. p. 447.

[890] Euseb. Chron. p. 7. l. 43. [Greek: Thoules; meta de touton Sesostris.]

[891] [Greek: Sesonchosis, Aiguptou pases basileus meta Oron tes Isidos kai Osiridos paida, ten men Asian hormesas pasan katestrepsato, homoios de ta pleista tes Europes. Theopompos de en tritoi Sesostrin auton kalei.] Schol. in Apollon. Argonaut. l. 4. v. 272.

[892] [Greek: Dikaiarchos en protoi, meta ton Isidos kai Osiridos Oron, basilea gegonenai Sesonchosin legei; hoste genesthai apo tes Sesonchosidos basileias mechri tes Neilou ete dischilia.] Schol. in Apollon. Argonaut. ibid.

[893] Cedrenus. v. 1. p. 20. Osiris, Orus, Thoules, Sesostris.

[894] Succeeded by [Greek: Pharao.] Chron. Pasch. p. 48.

[895] Joannes Antiochenus has borrowed the same history, and calls this king Sostris. [Greek: Ebasileusen Aiguption protos ek tes phules tou Cham Sostris.] p. 23. He adds, that Sostris, or Sesostris, lived in the time of Hermes, [Greek: Hermes ho trismegistos Aiguptios.] He was succeeded by Pharaoh, [Greek: protos], the first of the name. Ibid. Herodotus calls him Pheron, and Pherona. l. 2. c. 111.

[896] [Greek: Polu huperteinei tois chronois ten Mino basileian he Sesostrios.] Politic. l. 7. c. 10.

[897] Apollon. Argonaut. l. 4. v. 272. [Greek: Enthen de tina phasi--Sesonchosis, Aiguptou pases basileus--Theopompos de en tritoi Sesostrin auton kalei.] Schol. ibid.

[Greek: Peri de ton chronon, kath' hous egeneto Sesonchosis, ho men Apollonios touto monon phesi, polus gar aden apenenothen aion.] Schol. ibid.

Lycophron speaks of Apollo [Greek: Zosterios], and a promontory [Greek: Zosterion, en hoi hieron Zosteriou Apollonos.] Schol. ad v. 1278.

[898] Schol. Apollon. l. 4. v. 272. Syncellus joins him with Serapis. p. 91.

[899] Herodotus. l. 2. c. 144.

[Greek: Oupo teirea panta k. t. l.] Apollon. Argonaut. l. 4. v. 261. See the whole, and Schol. ibid.

[900] Canon. Chronic. Sec. 10. p. 238, 239.

[901] Quis igitur Sesonchosis ille, qui, Menen antevertens annis amplius 5000, inter Semideos locum habere videatur? Marsham. Canon Chronic. Sec. 10. p. 238.

Sesostris in XII. Africani Dynastia (quae Eusobiani Canonis epocham antevertit) ex Scaligeri calculis regnavit anno Per. Jul. 1392: quo ratiocinio Sesostris factus est annos 2355 ipso Sesostre senior. Nam ex S. literis (suo loco) apparebit, Sesostrim expeditionem suscepisse in Asiam, et Hierosolyma cepisse Anno Per. Jul. 3747. Ibid. p. 239.

[902] Antiq. l. 8. c. 10. p. 449. and 450.

[903] He came merely as a confederate to Jeroboam, in favour of the kingdom of Israel; and his intention was to ruin Judah: but his cruel purpose was averted by the voluntary submission both of the king and people; and by the treasures they gave up to him, which were the purchase of their security.

[904] Hercules is said to have commanded the armies of Osiris. Diodorus. Sicul. l. 1. p. 15.

[905] L. 2. c. 106. Concerning the interpretation of these emblems, see Joan Pierii Hieroglyph. l. 34. c. 20.

[906] Pausan. l. 1. p. 101. The Statue remains to this day. In like manner it was reported that Dionusus raised Pillars. Strabo. l. 3. p. 260.

[Greek: Entha te kai Stelai Thebaigeneos Dionusou]. Dionys. Perieg. v. 623.

Hercules erected the like. All which was done by people styled Dionysians and Herculeans.

[907] Joshua. c. 12. v. 24. Adonibezek had threescore and ten vassal princes at his feet; if the headman of every village may be so called. Judges. c. 1. v. 7.

[908] Benhadad of Damascus was attended with thirty-two kings, when he invaded Samaria. 1 Kings. c. 20. v. 1.

[909] The people plowed, and sowed, and had fruits, and pastures, within their walls.

[910] 2 Kings. c. 17. v. 6. and c. 18. v. 11. and v. 34. Isaiah. c. 10. v. 9. c. 37. v. 13.

[911] Diodorus Sicul. l. 2. p. 90.

[912] Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 91.

[913] Ibid. p. 92.

[914] [Greek: Haute men apedexato chomata ana to pedion eonta axiotheeta.] Herod. l. 1. c. 184.

Such [Greek: chomata] were raised by the Amonians in all places where they settled, called [Greek: taphoi].

Four such were in Troas. [Greek: Eisi men oun lophoi tettares, Olumpioi kaloumenoi.] Strabo. l. 10. p. 720. There were such also of the Amazons in Mauritania.

[915] She carried back but twenty men, according to Strabo. l. 15. p. 1051.

[916] Chron. Paschale. p. 36. Semiramis was, we find, Rhea: and Rhea was the same as Cybele, the mother of the Gods: [Greek: ten Rhean, Kibelen, kai Kuben, kai Dindumenen.] Strabo. l. 10. p. 721.

[917] Cononis narrationes apud Phot. p. 427.

[918] Herodot. l. 1. c. 184. five ages ([Greek: geneai]) before Nitocris the mother of Labynitus, whom Cyrus conquered.

It may be worth while to observe the different opinions of authors about the time, when Semiramis is supposed to have lived.

Years. According to Syncellus she lived before Christ 2177 Petavius makes the term 2060 Helvicus 2248 Eusebius 1984 Mr. Jackson 1964 Abp. Usher 1215 Philo Biblius from Sanchoniathon (apud Euseb. Praep. Evang. 1200 l. 1. p. 31.) about Herodotus about 713

What credit can be given to the history of a person, the time of whose life cannot be ascertained within 1535 years? for so great is the difference of the extremes in the numbers before given.

See Dionys. Perieg. Schol. in v. 1006.

[919] Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 90.

[920] Herodotus. l. 1. c. 98.

[921] Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 92.

[922] Strabo. l. 15. p. 1007.

[923] Arrian. Hist. Ind. p. 318.

[924] Josephus cont. Ap. l. 1. c. 19. p. 451.

[925] Steph. Byzant. [Greek: Babulon.]

[926] Suidas: [Greek: Semiramis.]

[927] Pliny. l. 7. p. 417.

[928] Semiramis teneros mares castravit omnium prima. Marcellinus. l. 14. c. 6.

[929] [Greek: Semiramis lagnos gune, kai miaiphonos.] Athenag. Legatio. p. 307.

[930] Claudian. in Eutrop. l. 1. v. 339.

[931] This is the reason that we find these kingdoms so often confounded, and the Babylonians continually spoken of as Assyrians, and sometimes as Persians. [Greek: Babulon Persike polis]. Steph. Byz.

[932] Strabo. l. 16. p. 1071.

[933] These mounds were high altars, upon which they sacrificed to the Sun. By Ctesias they are supposed to have been the tombs of her lovers, whom she buried alive. Syncellus. p. 64.

[934] They built Babylon itself; which by Eupolemus was said to have been the work of Belus, and the Giants. Euseb. Praep. l. 9. c. 17. p. 418. Quint. Curt. l. 5. c. 1. Abydenus apud Euseb. Praep. l. 9. c. 15. Syncellus. p. 44.

[935] Clemens Alexand. Strom. l. 1. p. 364.

[936] He ordered it to be inscribed upon his tomb, [Greek: hoti kai Magikon genoito didaskalos]. Porph. de Abstin. l. 4. p. 399.

[937] By Zoroaster was denoted both the Deity, and also his priest. It was a name conferred upon many personages.

[938] Zerdusht, seu, ut semel cum vocali damna scriptum vidi, Zordush't, idem est, qui Graecis sonat [Greek: Zoroastres]. Hyde Relig. Vet. Persar. c. 24. p. 312.

[939] L. 30. c. 1. p. 523.

[940] Arnobius. l. 1. p. 31.

[941] Clemens. l. 1. p. 399.

[942] Ibid. l. 5. p. 711. [Greek: Tade sunegraphen Zoroastres ho Armeniou to genos Pamphulos. kl. En adei genomenos edaen para Theon.]

[943] Clemens. l. 1. p. 357. Apuleius Florid. c. 15. p. 795, mentions a Zoroaster after the reign of Cambyses.

[944] Justin. l. 1. c. 1.

[945] Syncellus. p. 167.

[946] P. 315. It is also taken notice of by Huetius. Sinam recentiores Persae apud Indos degentes faciunt (Zoroastrem). D.E. Prop. 4. p. 89.

[947] Sed haud mirum est, si Europaei hoc modo dissentiant de homine peregrino, cum illius populares orientales etiam de ejus prosapia dubitent. At de ejus tempore concordant omnes, unum tantum constituentes Zoroastrem, eumque in eodem seculo ponentes. p. 315.

[948] Plures autem fuere Zoroastres ut satis constat. Gronovius in Marcellinum. l. 23. p. 288. Arnobius and Clemens mention more than one. Stanley reckons up six. See Chaldaic Philosophy.

[949] P. 312.

[950] Zoroaster may have been called Zerdusht, and Zertoost: but he was not Zerdusht the son of Gustasp, who is supposed to have lived during the Persian Monarchy. Said Ebn. Batrick styles him Zorodasht, but places him in the time of Nahor, the father of Terah, before the days of Abraham. vol. 1. p. 63.

[951] Diogenes Laert. Prooem. p. 3.

[952] [Greek: Pro ton Troikon etesi ph' Zoroastres.]

[953] Laertius Prooem. p. 3.

[954] Pliny. l. 30. c. 1.

[955] [Greek: Zoroastris ho Magos, hon pentakischiliois etesin ton Troikon gegonenai presbuteron historousin.] Isis et Osir. p. 369.

[956] Zoroastrem hunc sex millibus annorum ante Platonis mortem. Pliny. l. 30. c. 1.

[957] P. 16. and p. 47.

[958] Euseb. Chron. p. 32. Syncellus. p. 167.

[959] Pliny. l. 30. c. 1. p. 524.

[960] [Greek: Ouk einai mathein poteron Dareiou pater, eite kai allos k l.] He owns, that he could not find out, when Zoroaster lived. [Greek: Hopenika men (ho Zoroastres) echmase ten archen, kai tous nomous etheto, ouk enesti saphos diagnonai.] l. 2. p. 62.

[961] Pliny. l. 30. c. 1.

[962] Huetii Demons. Evan. Prop. 4. p. 88. 89.

[963] See Huetius ibid.

[964] [Greek: Astronomian protoi Babulonioi epheuron dia Zoroastrou, meth' hon Ostanes;--aph' hon Aiguptioi kai Hellenes edexanto.] Anon. apud Suidam. [Greek: Astron.]

[965] Primus dicitur magicas artes invenisse. Justin. l. 1. c. 1.

[966] Diog. Laertius Prooem. p. 6.

[967] [Greek: Ten Mageian ten Zoroastrou tou Oromazou.] Plato in Alcibiade l. 1. p. 122.

Agathias calls him the son of Oromasdes. l. 2. p. 62.

[968] Pliny. l. 7. c. 16. Risit eodem, quo natus est, die. See Lord's account of the modern Persees in India. c. 3. It is by them said, that he laughed as soon as he came into the world.

[969] Hermippus apud Plinium. l. 30. c. 1.

[970] Dio. Chrysostom. Oratio Borysthenica. 38. Fol. 448. Euseb. Praep. l. 1. p. 42. See also Agathias just mentioned.

[971] [Greek: Thuein euktaia kai charisteria.] Plutarch Is. et Osir. p. 369.

[972] Primus dicitur artes magicas invenisse, et mundi principia, siderumque motus diligentissime spectasse. Justin. l. 1. c. 1.

[973] [Greek: Zarades; ditte gar ep' autoi eponumia.] Agath. l. 2. p. 62.

[974] [Greek: Zaretis, Artemis, Persai.] Hesych.

Zar-Ades signifies the Lord of light: Zar-Atis and Atish, the Lord of fire.

[975] L. 1. c. 5. p. 16. Of the title Zar-Ovanus, I shall treat hereafter.

[976] Plutarch. Is. et Osiris. p. 369.

[977] See Agathias. l. 2. p. 62.

[978] Plutarch says, that Zoroaster lived five thousand years before the Trojan war. Plutarch above.

[979] [Greek: Houtos (ho Theos) estin ho protos, aphthartos, aidios, agennetos, ameres, anomoiotatos, heniochos pantos kalou, adorodoketos, agathon agathotatos, phronimon phronimotatos. Esti de kai pater eunomias, kai dikaiosunes, autodidaktos, phusikos, kai teleios, kai sophos, kai hierou phusikou monos heuretes.] Euseb. P. E. l. 1. p. 42.

[980] Clemens. l. 5. p. 711.

[981] [Greek: En haide genomenos edaen para Theon.] Ibid.

[982] Dion. Chrysostom. Oratio Borysthenica. p. 448.

[983] Hyde. p. 312.

[984] Abulfeda. vol. 3. p. 58. See Hyde. p. 312.

[985] Hesych. [Greek: Magon.]

[986] Suidas. [Greek: Magoi.]

[987] Oratio Borysthen. p. 449.

[Greek: Magoi, hoi peri to theion sophoi.] Porph. de Abst. l. 4. p. 398.

Apuleius styles Magia--Diis immortalibus acceptam, colendi eos ac venerandi pergnaram, piam scilicet et diviniscientem, jam inde a Zoroastre Oromazi, nobili Caelitum antistite. Apol. 1. p. 447. so it should be read. See Apuleii Florida. c. 15. p. 793. l. 3.

[Greek: Tous de Magous peri te therapeias theon diatribein kl.] Cleitarchus apud Laertium. Prooem. p. 5.

[988] Diodorus Sic. l. 2. p. 94.

[989] Marcellinus. l. 23. p. 288.

[990] Ibidem. It should be Regis prudentissimi; for Hystaspes was no king.

[991] Rerum Franc. l. 1. He adds, Ab hoc etiam ignem adorare consueti, ipsum divinitus igne consumptum, ut Deum colunt.

[992] [Greek: Astron zoon]. Clemens Recognit. l. 4. c. 28. p. 546. Greg. Turonensis supra. Some have interpreted the name [Greek: astrothutes.]

[993] [Greek: Prosagoreuousi kai Surion]. Pr. Evan. l. 1. p. 27. Some would change it to [Greek: Seirion]: but they are both of the same purport; and indeed the same term differently expressed. Persae [Greek: Sure] Deum vocant. Lilius Gyrald. Synt. 1. p. 5.

[994] Joshua. c. 15. v. 58.

[995] 1 Maccab. c. 4. v. 61. called Beth-Zur. 2 Chron. c. 11. v. 7. There was an antient city Sour, in Syria, near Sidon. Judith. c. 2. v. 28. it retains its name at this day.

[996] [Greek: Bethsour]. Antiq. l. 8. c. 10.

The Sun was termed Sehor, by the sons of Ham, rendered Sour, Surius, [Greek: Seirios] by other nations.

[Greek: Seirios, ho Helios]. Hesych. [Greek: Seirios onoma asteros, e ho Helios.] Phavorinus.

[997] [Greek: Bedsour--esti nun kome Bethsoron]. In Onomastico.

[998] Bethsur est hodie Bethsoron. In locis Hebraeis.

[999] Lilius Gyraldus Syntag. 13. p. 402.

[1000] Jovi. O. M. et Deae Suriae: Gruter. p. 5. n. 1.

D. M. SYRIAE sacrum. Patinus. p. 183.

[1001] Apud Brigantas in Northumbria. Camden's Britannia. p. 1071.

[1002] See Radicals. p. 42. of Zon.

[1003] Chron. Paschale. p. 43. Servius upon Virg. AEneid. l. 6. v. 14.

[1004] Lycophron. v. 1301.

[1005] Zor and Taur, among the Amonians, had sometimes the same meaning.

[1006] See the engraving of the Mneuis, called by Herodotus the bull of Mycerinus. Herod. l. 2. c. 130. Editio Wesseling. et Gronov.

[1007] See the Plates annexed, which are copied from Kaempfer's Amoenitates Exoticae. p. 312. Le Bruyn. Plate 158. Hyde. Relig. Vet. Pers. Tab. 6. See also plate 2. and plate 4. 5. vol. 1. of this work. They were all originally taken from the noble ruins at Istachar, and Naki Rustan in Persia.

[1008] Huetii Prop. 4. p. 92.

Lord, in his account of the Persees, says, that Zertoost (so he expresses the name) was conveyed by an Angel, and saw the Deity in a vision, who appeared like a bright light, or flame. Account of the Persees. c. 3.

[1009] See Stanley's Chaldaic Philos. p. 7. and p. 11. They were by Damascius styled [Greek: Zonoi] and [Greek: Azonoi]: both terms of the same purport, though distinguished by persons who did not know their purport.

[1010] See Plates annexed.

[1011] Martianus Capella. l. 1. c. 17. Ex cunctis igitur Coeli regionibus advocatis Diis, caeteri, quos Azonos vocant, ipso commonente Cyllenio, convocantur. Psellus styles them [Greek: Azonoi], and [Greek: Zonaioi]. See Scholia upon the Chaldaic Oracles.

[1012] Arnobius. l. 1. p. 31.

[1013] The Sun was styled both Zon, and Azon; Zan and Azan: so Dercetis was called Atargatis: Neith of Egypt, Aneith. The same was to be observed in places. Zelis was called Azilis: Saba, Azaba: Stura, Astura: Puglia, Apuglia: Busus, Ebusus: Damasec, Adamasec. Azon was therefore the same as Zon; and Azon Nakis may be interpreted Sol Rex, vel Dominus.

[1014] Antholog. l. 3. p. 269.

[1015] See Huetius. Demons. Evang. prop. 4. p. 129.

[1016] In Theolog. Platonis. l. 1. c. 4.

[1017]

[Greek: Oude ti pharmakon]
[Greek: Thressais en sanisi,]
[Greek: Tas Orpheie kategrapse gerus.] Alcestis. v. 968.

[1018] Plato de Repub. l. 2. p. 364.

[1019] Lactant. de F. R. l. 1. p. 105.

[1020] Scholia in Alcestin. v. 968.

Concerning Orpheus, see Diodorus. l. 1. p. 86. Aristoph. Ranae. v. 1064. Euseb. P. E. lib. 10. p. 469.

[1021] L. 22. See Natalis comes. l. 7. p. 401.

[1022] L. 9. p. 768.

[1023] V. 41.

[1024] Ibid. v. 99.

[1025] L. 6. p. 505.

[1026] Apollon. Rhod. l. 1. v. 23.

[1027] Scholia. ibid.

[1028] Natalis Comes. l. 7. p. 400.

[1029] De Repub. l. 2. p. 364. Musaeus is likewise, by the Scholiast upon Aristophanes, styled [Greek: huios Selenes]. Ranae. v. 106. Schol.

[1030] Lucian. Astrologus.

[1031] See Lilius Gyraldus de Poetarum Hist. Dialog. 2. p. 73. [Greek: Orpheus, phormiktas aoidan pater.] Pindar. Pyth. Ode. 4. p. 253.

[1032] Clementis Cohort. p. 12. Diog. Laert. Prooem. p. 3. Herodotus. l. 2. c. 49. Diodorus. l. 1. p. 87. l. 3. p. 300. Apollodorus. l. 1. p. 7.

[1033] Linus was the son of Apollo and Calliope. See Suidas, [Greek: Linos].

[1034] There were, in like manner, different places where he was supposed to have been buried.

[1035] Prooem. p. 5. Antholog. l. 3. p. 270. In like manner Zoroaster was said to have been slain by lightning.

[1036] Suidas, [Greek: Orpheus].

[1037] Tzetzes makes him live one hundred years before the war of Troy. Hist. 399. Chil. 12.

[1038] [Greek: Orpheus.]

[1039] Vossius de Arte Poet. c. 13. p. 78.

[1040] Cicero de Nat. Deor. l. 1. c. 38. See also AElian. Var. Hist. l. 8. c. 6.

[1041] C. 24. p. 84.

[1042] Through the whole of this I am obliged to dissent from a person of great erudition, the late celebrated Professor I. M. Gesner, of Gottingen: to whom, however, I am greatly indebted, and particularly for his curious edition of the Orphic poems, published at Leipsick, 1764.

[1043] All the Orphic rites were confessedly from Egypt. Diodorus above. See Lucian's Astrologus.

[1044] Suidas.

[1045] Maximus Tyrius. c. 37. p. 441.

[1046] Scholia upon the Hecuba of Euripides. v. 1267. See also the Alcestis. v. 968.

[1047] Plato de Repub. l. 10. p. 620.

[1048] Diodorus. l. 4. p. 282. The history of Aristaeus is nearly a parody of the histories of Orpheus and Cadmus.

[1049] Ovid. Metamorph. l. 10. v. 81. The like mentioned of the Cadmians. See AEschylus. [Greek: Hept' epi Thebais.] Prooem. AElian. Var. Hist. l. 13. c. 5.

[1050] Hecataeus apud Steph. Byzant. [Greek: Lemnos.] The first inhabitants are said to have been Thracians, styled [Greek: Sinties kai Sapaioi]; the chief cities Myrina, and Hephaistia.

[1051] Philostrati Heroica. p. 677. [Greek: en koilei te gei chresmodei.]

[1052] Steph Byz. [Greek: Chaldaios.]

[1053] Pocock's Travels. vol. 2. p. 159.

[1054] Pausan. l. 6. p. 505.

[1055] See Huetii Demonst. Evang. pr. 4. p. 129.

[1056]

[Greek: Stiktous d' hemaxanto brachionas, amphi melaine]
[Greek: Deuomenai spodie threikion plokamon.] Antholog. l. 3. p. 270.

[1057] Servius in Virgil. eclog. 8. See Salmasius upon Solinus. p. 425.

[1058] [Greek: Peri ten pentekosten Olumpiada.] Tatianus. Assyr. p. 275. These were the Orphic hymns, which were sung by the Lycomedae at Athens.

[1059] Diodorus Sic. l. 5. p. 322.

[1060]

[Greek: Aiguptiou Dionusou]
[Greek: Mustidos ennuchias teletas edidaxeto technes.] Nonnus. Dionus. l.
4. p. 128.

There will be found in some circumstances a great resemblance between Cadmus and Orpheus.

[1061] [Greek: Hoi de Phoinikes houtoi hoi sun Kadmoi apikomenoi--eisegagon didaskalia es tous Hellenas, kai de kai grammata, ouk eonta prin Hellesin.] Herod. l. 5. c. 58.

Literas--in Greciam intulisse e Phoenice Cadmum, sedecim numero. Pliny. l. 7. c. 56.

[1062] Plutarch. De genio Socratis. vol. 1. p. 578.

[1063] Plutarch. above.

[1064]

[Greek: Ho men de heis ton tripodon epigramma echei,]
[Greek: Amphitruon m' anetheken eon apo Teleboaon.]
[Greek: Tauta helikien an eie kata Laion ton Labdakou.] Herod. l. 5. c.
59.

[1065] Pausanias. l. 8. p. 628.

[1066] He is said to have introduced [Greek: Dionusiaken, teletourgian, phallephorian]

[1067] Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 20.

[1068] Cadmum Pherecydes. l. iv. Historiarum ex Agenore et Argiope, Nili fluvii filia natum esse tradidit. Natalis Comes. l. 8. c. 23. p. 481. There are various genealogies of this personage. [Greek: Libues tes Epaphou kai Poseidonos, Agenor kai Belos. Agenoros kai Antiopes tes Belou Kadmos.] Scholia Euripid. Phoeniss. v. 5.

[Greek: Pherekudes de en d houto phesin. Agenor de ho Poseidonos gamei Damno ten Belou; ton de ginontai Phoinix kai Isaia, hen ischei Aiguptos, kai Melia, hen ischei Danaos. epeita enischei Agenor Argiopen ten Neilou tou potamou; tou de ginetai Kadmos.] Apollon. Scholia. l. 3. v. 1185.

[1069] Dionusiac. l. 4. p. 126.

[1070] V. 1206. The Poet calls the Thebans of Boeotia, [Greek: Ogugou spartos leos.]

[1071] Nonnus, l. 4. p. 126.

[1072] Euseb. Chron. p. 27. and Syncellus. p. 152.

[1073] See Pausan. l. 9. p. 734.

[1074] [Greek: Phoinix kai Kadmos, apo Thebon ton Aiguption exelthontes eis ten Surian ktl.] Euseb. Chron. p. 27.

[1075] Diodorus Sic. l. 5. p. 329.

[1076] [Greek: Kadmos--prosesche ten Theran.] Herod. l. 4. c. 147.

[1077] Conon apud Photium. p. 443. and Scholia Dionysii. v. 517. [Greek: Eiche de hieron Herakleous he Thasos, hupo ton auton Phoinikon hidruthen, hoi pleusantes kata zetesin tes Europes ten Thason ektisan.]

[1078] Diodorus Sic. l. 5. p. 323.

[1079] Nonnus. l. 3. p. 86. Priene in Ionia called Cadmia. Strabo. l. 14. p. 943.

[1080] Lycophron. v. 219.

[1081] Steph. Byzant.

[1082] Nonnus. p. 86.

[1083] Auri metalla et conflaturam Cadmus Phoenix (invenit) ad Pangaeum montem. Plin. l. 7. c. 56. [Greek: Kadmos, kai Telephassa en Thrakei katokesan.] Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 130.

[1084] Plin. l. 34. c. 10. Hygin. f. 274.

[1085] Strabo. l. 14. p. 998.

[1086] Ibid. l. 10. p. 685.

[1087] Pausanias. l. 3. p. 245.

[1088] Herodotus. l. 5. c. 61.

[1089] Cedrenus. p. 23.

[1090] Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 143. Pausan. l. 9. p. 719.

[1091] Stephanus Byzantin.

[1092] Thucydid. l. 1. c. 5, 6.

[1093]

[Greek: Para Tritonidi limnei]
[Greek: Harmonie parelekto rhodopidi Kadmos aletes.] Nonnus. l. 13. p.
372.

Diodorus says that he married her in Samothracia. l. 5. p. 323.

[1094] Nonnus. l. 13. p. 372.

[1095] Nonnus. l. 13. p. 370.

[1096] Stephanus Byzant. The Carthaginians are by Silius Italicus styled Cadmeans.

Sacri cum perfida pacti
Gens Cadmea super regno certamina movit. l. 1. v. 5.

[1097] L. 1. c. 9, 10. p. 26. l. 2. c. 4. p. 87.

[1098] Moses Choren. l. 1. c. 9. p. 26. There was a city Cadmea in Cilicia. [Greek: Kadmeia ektisthe kai Side en Kilikia.] Eusebii Chron. p. 30. l. 23.

[1099] Stephanus Byzant. Some think that this is a mistake for [Greek: Kalchedon], Chalcedon. But Chalcedon was not in Armenia, nor in its vicinity.

[1100] Cadmus was coeval with Dardanus. He was in Samothrace before the foundation of Troy. Diodorus Sicul. l. 5. p. 323. Yet he is said to be contemporary with the Argonauts: Clemens Alexandrinus Strom. l. 1. p. 382. and posterior to Tiresias, who was in the time of Epigonoi. Yet Tiresias is said to have prophesied of Cadmus, and his offspring.

[Greek: polla de Kadmoi]
[Greek: Chresei, kai megalois hustera Labdakidais]
Callimachi Lavacra Palladis. v. 125.

The son of Cadmus is supposed to have lived at the time of the Trojan war: Lycophron. v. 217. and Scholia. His daughter Semele is said to have been sixteen hundred years before Herodotus, by that writer's own account. l. 2 c. 145. She was at this rate prior to the foundation of Argos; and many centuries before her father; near a thousand years before her brother.

[1101] See Excerpta ex Diodori. l. xl. apud Photium. p. 1152. concerning the different nations in Egypt, and of their migrations from that country.

[1102] Diana says to her father Jupiter,

[Greek: Dos moi parthenien aionion, Appa, phulaxai,]
[Greek: Kai poluonumien]. Callim. H. in Dianam. v. 6.

[Greek: Pantas ep' anthropous epeie poluonumos estin]. Homer. [Eta]. in
Apoll. v. 82.

[Greek: Polle men anthropoisi k' ouk anonumos]
[Greek: Thea keklemai Kupris]. Eurip. Hippolytus. v. 1.

The Egyptian Deities had many titles.

ISIDI. MYRIONYMAE. Gruter. lxxxiii. n. 11.

[1103] Lycophron. v. 219.

[1104] Scholia. ibid.

[1105] Lycophron. Schol. v. 162.

[1106] Vetus Auctor apud Phavorinum.

[1107] Nonnus. l. 41. p. 1070. Harmonia, by the Scholiast upon Apollonius, is styled [Greek: Numphe Nais] l. 2. v. 992. The marriage of Cadmus and Harmonia is said to be only a parody of the marriage of Peleus and Thetis. Diodorus. l. 5. p. 323.

[1108] Nonnus. l. 41. p. 1068.

[1109] Oraculum Apollinis Sminthei apud Lactantium, D. I. l. 1. c. 8. p. 32. She is styled the mother of the Amazons. Steph. Byzant. [Greek: Akmonia.]

[1110] Nonnus. l. 12. p. 328.

[1111] Ibid.

[1112] Nonnus. l. 12. p. 328.

[1113] Plutarch. Sympos. l. 9. quaest. 13. p. 738.

[1114] Philo apud Euseb. P. E. l. 1. p. 31.

[1115] Judges. c. 3 v. 3. Hermon was particularly worshipped about Libanus, and Antilibanus, where was the country of the Cadmonites, and Syrian Hivites.

[1116] Lucian de Syria Dea. p. 6.

[1117] Apud Proclum in Timaeum. p. 121. See Orpheus. Fragm. p. 403.

[1118] Pyth. Ode 4. p. 237.

[1119] Herodotus. l. 1. c. 173.

[1120] Og, Ogus, Ogenus, Ogugus, [Greek: Oguges, Ogenidai], all relate to the ocean.

[1121] [Greek: Anotero de tou Ismeniou ten krenen idois an, hentina Areos phasin hieran einai, kai drakonta hupo tou Areos epitetachthai phulaka tei pegei; pros taute tei krenei taphos esti Kaanthou; Melias de adelphon, kai Okeanou paida einai Kaanthon legousin stalenai de hupo tou patros zetesanta herpasmenen ten adelphen ktl]. Pausan. l. 9. p. 730.

[1122] Dicitur Europa fuisse Agenoris Phoenicum Regis, et Meliae Nymphae, filia. Natalis Comes. l. 8. p. 481.

[1123] So Phlegyas was said to have fired the temple of Apollo at Delphi. Euseb. Chron. p. 27. Apud Delphos templum Apollinis incendit Phlegyas. Lutatius Placidus upon Statius. Thebaid. l. 1. v. 703. But Phlegyas was the Deity of fire, prior to Apollo and his temple. Apollo is said to have married Coronis the daughter of Phlegyas. Hyginus. f. 161. and by her he had a son Delphus, from whom Delphi had its name. ibid. See Pausan. l. 10. p. 811. The mythologists have made Apollo slay Caanthus: but Caanthus, Cunthus, Cunaethus, were all titles of the same Deity called Chan-Thoth in Egypt.

[1124] Diodorus Siculus. l. 5. p. 331.

[1125] Solinus. l. 17.

[1126] Pausanias. l. 3. p. 245.

[1127] Palaephatus. p. 22.

[1128] Dionysiaca. l. 1. p. 42. l. 1. p. 38.

[1129] Strabo. l. 12. p. 867.

[1130] See Radicals. p. 95.

[1131] Places sacred to the Sun had the name of Achad, and Achor. Nisibis was so called. _In Achor, quae est Nisibis_. Ephraimus Syrus. _Et in Achad, quae nunc dicitur Nisibis_. Hieron. See Geograph. Hebraeor. Extera. p. 227. of the learned Michaelis.

The Deity, called Achor, and Achad, seems to be alluded to by Isaiah. c. 65. v. 10. and c. 66. v. 17. Achad well known in Syria: Selden de Diis Syris. c. 6. p. 105.

[1132] Hoffman--Academia. Hornius. Hist. Philos. l. 7.

[1133] [Greek: Kai sphi Hira esti en Atheneisi hidrumena, ton ouden meta toisi loipoisi Athenaioisi, alla te kechorismena ton allon Hiron; kai de kai Achaiies Demetros Hiron te kai orgia]. Herod. l. 5. c. 61.

[1134] Pausanias. l. 1. p. 71.

[1135] Diog. Laertius. l. 3. Sec. 6. Hornius says, Academia a Cadmo nomen accepit, non ab Ecademo. l. 7. c. 3. but Ecademus, and Cadmus, were undoubtedly the same person. Harpocration thinks that it took its name from the person, who first consecrated it. [Greek: Apo tou Kathierosantos Akademou.]

[Greek: He men Akademia apo Heroos tinos Akademou ktisantos ton topon.] Ulpian upon Demosthen. contra Timocratem.

[1136] Eupolis Comicus: [Greek: en Astroteutois] apud Laertium in Vita Platonis. l. 3. Sec.. 7.

[1137] [Greek: En gar gumnasion apo Akademou--peri auton de esan hai ontos hierai Elaiai tes Theou, hai kalountai Moriai.] Schol. upon Aristoph. [Greek: Nephelai]. v. 1001.

[1138] AElian. Var. Hist. l. 3. c. 35.

[1139] [Greek: To de chorion ho Keramikos to men onoma echei apo Heroos Keramou; Dionusou te einai kai Ariadnes.] Pausan. l. 1. p. 8.

[1140] Gruter. Inscrip. p. 57. n. 13.

[1141] Pausan. l. 9. p. 779.

[1142] Athenaeus. l. 11. p. 480.

[1143] Pliny. l. 5. c. 29.

[1144] Plutarch. Sympos. l. ix. c. 3. p. 738. Alpha likewise signified a leader: but I imagine, that this was a secondary sense of the word. As Alpha was a leading letter in the alphabet, it was conferred as a title upon any person who took the lead, and stood foremost upon any emergency.

[1145] Pausan. l. 9. p. 733.

[1146] Scholia in Aristoph. [Greek: Batrach.] v. 1256.

[1147] Herodot. l. 3. c. 28.

[1148]

[Greek: Aiguptiou Dionusou]
[Greek: Euia phoiteteros Osiridos Orgia phainon.] l. 4. p. 126.

[1149]

[Greek: Patridos astu polisson *** ]
[Greek: ** barugounon heon pod* **.] Nonnus l. 4. p. 130*.

[1150] L. 4. p. 128.

[1151] Vossius de Idol. vol.3. Comment. in Rabbi M. Maimonidem de Sacrificiis. p. 76.

[1152] Justin Martyr. 1. Apolog. p. 60.

See Radicals. p. 59.

[1153] Europa was the same as Rhea, and Astarte. Lucian. Dea Syria.

[1154] Hence Nonnus alluding to the Tauric oracle, which Cadmus followed, calls it Assyrian: by this is meant Babylonian; for Babylonia was in aftertimes esteemed a portion of Assyria.

[Greek: Assurien d' apoeipe tees hegetora pompes.] l. 4. p. 128.

[1155] Eusebius. P. E. l. 1. c. 10. p. 40.

[1156] Appian de Bello Syriac. p. 125.

Stephanus. Oropus.

[1157] Pliny. l. 5. c. 25.

[1158] Isidorus Characenus, apud Georgr. Vet. v. 2.

[1159] Clemens Alexand. l. 5. p. 680.

[1160] See D'Anville's Map of Syria.

[1161] Bochart Geog. Sacra. l. 4. p. 305.

[1162] Judges. c. 3. v. 1, 3.

[1163] Genesis. c. 10. v. 17.

[1164] Joshua. c.9. v. 3. and 7.

[1165] Joshua. c. 15. v. 9. and c. 18. v. 25, 26.

[1166] Eusebii. Chron. p. 27.

[1167] Cadmus is called [Greek: Kadmon]. Steph. Byzant. [Greek: Illuria]. Berkelius has altered it to [Greek: Kadmos], though he confesses, that it is contrary to the evidence of every Edition and MSS.

[1168] Concerning Hivite Colonies, see backward. vol. 2. p. 207.

[1169] Diodorus Sic. l. 5. p. 327. 329.

[1170] Ibid.

[1171] Pausanias. l. 1. p. 83.

There was Oropia as well as Elopia in Euboea. Steph. Byzant. Oropus in Macedonia. Ibid. Also in Syria: Orobii Transpadani. Europus near Mount Haemus. Ptolemy. Europa in Epirus. Ibid.

[1172] Strabo. l. 9. p. 619.

[1173] Suidas. Epaminondas.

[1174] Pausanias. l. 10. p. 863.

[1175] Both Menelaus and Agamemnon were antient titles of the chief Deity. The latter is supposed to have been the same as Zeus, AEther, and Coelus. He seems to have been worshipped under the symbol of a serpent with three heads. Hence Homer has given to his hero of this name a serpent for a device, both upon his breastplate, and upon his baldrick.

[Greek: Tes d' ex argureos telamon en, autar ep' autoi]
[Greek: Kuaneos elelikto drakon; kephalai de hoi esan]
[Greek: Treis amphistephees, henos auchenos ekpephuuiai.] Iliad.
[Lambda]. v. 38.

[1176] Pausanias. l. 1. p. 40. Strabo. l. 7. p. 499.

Aornon, and an oracular temple in Thesprotia. Pausanias. l. 9. p. 768.

[1177] [Greek: Kai en Aiguptoi Akanthos, Memphidos apechousa stadious triakosious eikosi;--esti de he Athamanias.] Steph. Byzant.

[1178] [Greek: Eita meta touton eisin OREITAI legomenoi.] Dicaearchus. Geog. Vet. vol. 2. p. 3. v. 45.

[1179] L. 2. c. 57, 58.

[1180] [Greek: Kata Bouthroton Phoinike.] Strabo. l. 7. p. 499. It was a place of great note. Polybius. l. 1. p. 94, 95.

[1181] Caesar de Bello Civili. l. 3. c. 6.

[1182] Lucan. l. 5. v. 458.

[1183] [Greek: Komaras.] Strabo. l. 7. p. 500. The same observable in India-Petra Aornon near Comar. Arrian. Exped. p. 191. and Indic. p. 319.

[1184] Steph. Byzant.

[1185] [Greek: Tekmon polis Thesproton.] Steph. Byzant. See T. Livius. l. 45. c. 26.

[1186] 2 Samuel. c. 23. v. 8. In our version rendered the Tachmonite, chief among the captains.

[1187] Victoria ad Comum parta. T. Livius. l. 33. c. 36.

[1188] Gurtler. l. 2. p. 597.

[1189] Also a city Conope, by Stephanus placed in Acarnania.

[1190] Antoninus Liberalis. c. 12. p. 70. A city Conopium was also to be found upon the Palus Maeotis. Steph. Byzant.

[1191] Plin. l. 3. c. 16. The Cadmians of Liguria came last from Attica and Boeotia: hence we find a river Eridanus in these parts, as well as in the former country. [Greek: Potamoi de Athenaiois rheousin Heilissos te, kai Eridanoi toi Keltikoi kata auta onoma echon. k. l.] Pausan. l. 1. p. 45.

[1192] Vol. 1. p. 376.

[1193] Lucan. l. 3. v. 187. The same is mentioned by the poet Dionysius.

[Greek: Keinon d au peri kolpon idois perikudea tumbon,]
[Greek: Tumbon, hon Harmonies, Kadmoio te phemis enispei,]
[Greek: Keithe gar eis Ophion skolion genos ellaxanto.] v. 390.

[1194] Geog. Vet. vol. 1. p. 9. Here were [Greek: Petrai Plagtai].

[1195] Nonni Dionys. l. 44. p. 1144.

[1196] Nonnus. l. 25. p. 646.

[1197] [Greek: Laineen poiese korussomenen Ariadnen.] Nonnus. l. 44. p. 1242.

[1198] Pausan. l. 9. p. 743.

[1199] See Goltius, Vaillant, and Suidas, [Greek: Herakles].

[1200] [Greek: ---- lithois chorion periechomenon logasin Opheos kalousin hoi Thebaioi kephalen.] Pausan. l. 9. p. 747.

[1201] Pausan. l. 7. p. 579.

[1202] [Greek: Timas theon anti agalmaton eichon argoi lithoi.] Ibid.

[1203] [Greek: Kadmos Phoinix lithotomian exeure, kai metalla chrusou ta peri to Pankaion epenoesen oros.] Clemens. Strom. l. 1. p. 363. See Natalis Comes of Cadmus.

[1204] Nonnus. Dionys. l. 4. p. 128.

[1205] Clemens. Alex. l. 6. p. 753.

[1206] Styled [Greek: paides Heliou] by Diodorus. l. 5. p. 327.

[1207] Diodorus. l. 5. p. 328.

[1208] Herodotus. l. 2. c. 109.

[1209] [Greek: E ton Thoraion, Ptoon, Oriten, theon.] Lycophron. v. 352.

[1210] Scholiast. Ibid.

[1211] Strabo. l. 10. p. 683.

[1212] Quaestiones Graecae. p. 296.

[1213] Strabo. l. 10. p. 685.

[1214] Harpocration.

[1215] Strabo. l. 10. p. 683. Polybius. l. 11. p. 627.

[1216] [Greek: En tei Oriai kaloumenei tes Histiaiotidos.] Strabo. l. 10. p. 683.

Oria is literally the land of Ur.

[1217] Strabo. l. 10. p. 683. He mentions a domestic quarrel among some of this family, and adds, [Greek: tous Oritas--polemoumenous hupo ton Ellopieon], _that the Oritae were attacked by the Ellopians_.

[1218] Antoninus Liberalis. c. 25. p. 130.

[1219] [Greek: He Huria de tes Tanagrikes nun esti, proteron de tes Thebaidos, hopou ho Hurios memutheutai, kai he tou Orionos genesis.] Strabo. l. 9. p. 620. He is called [Greek: Hurieus] by Euphorion. See Homer. [Sigma]. Scholia. v. 486.

[1220] [Greek: Esti kai Orionos mnema en Tanagra.] Pausan. l. 9. p. 749.

[1221] [Greek: Esti d' he men Huria pros ton Euripon.] Steph. Byzant.

[1222] Pausanias. l. 2. p. 181.

[1223] Europus is the same as Oropus, and signifies Orus Pytho. Ops, Opis, Opus, Opas, all signify a serpent. Zeus was the same as Orus and Osiris; hence styled Europus, and Europas; which Homer has converted to [Greek: Euruopas], and accordingly styles Jupiter [Greek: Euruopa Zeus.]

[1224] Pausanias. l. 3. p. 245. [Greek: einai de autous Huraiou paidas.]

[1225] L. 2. c. 4. p. 87.

[1226] Nonnus. l. 4. p. 136.

[1227] [Greek: O gar de chronos ekeinos enenken anthropous cheiron men ergois, kai podo tachesi, kai somaton rhomais, hos eoiken, huperphuous, kai akamatous.] Plutarch. in Theseo. p. 3.

[1228] [Greek: Esti de kai phulon ti ton Chaldaion, kai chora tes Babulonias hup' ekeinon oikoumene, plesiazousa kai tois Arapsi, kai te kata Persas legomene thalattei. Esti de kai ton Chaldaion ton Astronomikon gene pleio; kai gar Orchenoi tines prosagoreuontai.] Strabo. l. 16. p. 1074.

[1229] Lucian de Astrolog. p. 987.

[1230] [Greek: Chous, ex hou Aithiopes.] Euseb. Chron. p. 11.

[1231] [Greek: Polon men gar, kai gnomona, kai ta duodeka merea tes hemeres para Babulonion emathon Hellenes.] l. 2. c. 109.

[1232] L. 1. p. 32.

[1233] Nonnus. l. 1. p. 38.

[1234] Romae Inscriptio Vetus.

[Greek: TOIS NOMIOIS THEOIS.] Gruter. xcii. n. 4.

[1235]

Omne benignum
Virus odoriferis Arabum quod doctus in arvis
Aut Amphrysiaco Pastor de gramine carpsi.
Statii Sylv. l. 1. Soteria. v. 104.

[1236] [Greek: Rea, henika Poseidona eteke, ton men es poimnen katathesthai, diaiten entautha hexonta meta ton arnon.] Pausan. l. 8. p. 6l3.

[1237] Scholia in Lycophron. v. 879.

[1238] Pausanias. l. 4. p. 337. So also says Eustathius. [Greek: Hoi de phasi ton ekei Dia Ammona klethenai apo tinos homonumou Poimenos, prokatarxantos tes tou Hierou hidruseos.] Schol. in Dionys. v. 211.

[1239] Apollonius Rhodius. l. 2. v. 515.

The same Poet of the nymph Cyrene.

[Greek: Entha d' Aristaion Phoiboi teken, hon kaleousin]
[Greek: Agrea, kai Nomion poluleioi Haimonieeis] l. 2. v. 568.

[1240] Syncellus. p. 156.

[1241] Homer. Odyss. l. 1. Pastor Polyphemus of Virgil.

[1242] Macrobii Saturn. l. 1. c. 21. p. 210.

[1243] Hyginus. Fab. 68. Euri, and Eueris Filius. He is by Theocritus styled [Greek: Mantis Euereides.] Idyl. 24. v. 70.

[1244] Nonni Dionys. l. 40. p. 1038.

[1245] Herodotus. l. 2. c. 128.

[1246] Cleanthes [Greek: peri Thromachias], quoted by Plutarch de Flum. [Greek: Phasis.]

[1247] Plutarch de Flum. [Greek: Ismenos.]

[1248] Herodotus. l. 5. c. 61.

[1249] Plut. de Fluv. Inachus.

[1250] Virgil. AEneid. l. 7. v. 678.

[1251] T. Livius. l. 1. c. 7.

[1252] Virgil. l. 8. v. 198.

[1253] [Greek: He Poimandris estin he aute tei Tanagrikei.] Strabo. l. 9. p. 619.

[1254] [Greek: Poimandria polis Boiotias, he kai Tanagra kaloumene.] Schol. Lycoph. v. 326. [Greek: Poimandria] is by some interpreted mulctrale: but that was not the original purport of the word.

[1255] Hermes Trismegistus, sive [Greek: Poimandres].

[1256] Syncellus. p. 126. Eusebius. Chron. p. 24.

[1257] By which are meant the Syrians, Arabians, and Armenians. [Greek: To men gar ton Armenion ethnos, kai to ton Suron, kai ton Arabon pollen homophulian emphainei kata te ten dialekton, kai tous bious, kai tous ton somaton charakteras ktl.--eikazein de dei kai tas ton ethnon touton katonomasias emphereis allelais einai.] Strabo. l. 1. p. 70.

[1258] Zonaras. l. 1. p. 21.

[1259] Tacitus. Hist. l. 5. c. 2.

[1260] It should perhaps be proximas urbes. The same history is alluded to by Eusebius. [Greek: Epi Apidos tou Phoroneos moira tou Aiguption stratou exepesen Aiguptou, hoi en Palaistine kaloumene Suriai ou porrho Arabias okesai.] Euseb. Chron. p. 26.

[1261] Lucian de Dea Syria.

[1262] They were in each country styled the mourning for Thamas, and Thamuz.

[1263] [Greek: Echousi de kai allo Phoinikes Hiron, ouk Assurion, alla Aiguption, to ex Helioupolios es ten Phoiniken apiketo. kl.] Lucian de Dea Syria.

[1264] In Boetica they were called Oritani. Strabo. l. 8. p. 204.

There were Oritae in Epirus. Dicaearchus status Graeciae. [Greek: Meta touton eisin Oreitai.] p. 4. v. 45.

Oritae in Persis. Arrian. l. 4. c. 26. also in Gedrosia. See Auctor Peripli Maris Erythraei.

[Greek: Pros ton dusin tou Indou potamou Oritai.] Schol. Dionys. v. 1095. [Greek: Oritai ethnos Indikon.] Steph. Byzant. There were Oritae in Persis, hard by the Cutha of Josephus. Ant. l. 9. c. 4. and c. 15.

[1265] Clemens. Alexand. Strom. l. 1. p. 382.

[1266] Diodorus Siculus. l. 1. p. 24.

[1267] Ex Diodori. l. xl. apud Photium. p. 1152.

[1268] A similar account is given by the same author. l. 1. p. 24.

[1269] Zonaras. v. 1. p. 22. Also Syncellus. p. 102.

[1270] He is very full upon this head. Contra Apion. l. 1. p. 443. and 444.

[1271] Plato. Critias. vol. 3. p. 110.

[1272] Legatio. p. 279.

[1273] [Greek: Kai apo ton onomaton de enion to barbaron emphainetai. Kekrops, kai Kodros, kai Aiklos] (read [Greek: Arklos]) [Greek: kai Kothos. k. l.] l. 7. p. 495.

* * * * *

Corrections made to printed original.

(Cahen, near ref. 93) [Greek: anthereones]: '[Greek: antheriones]' in original

(ibid., near ref. 99) instances: 'intances' in original

(Chus, near ref. 110) [Greek: poluchrusos]: '[Greek: polochrusos]' in original

(ibid., near ref. 145) represented: 'respresented' in original

(Canaan, near ref. 193) Aristotle: 'Asistotle' in original

(Temple Science, near ref. 210) [Greek: geographikon]: '[Greek: geographikon]' in original

(ibid., near ref. 228) [Greek: periaugous]: '[Greek: eriaugous]' in original

(Tar, near ref. 226) [Greek: toi ge]: no space in original

(Tit, near ref. 316) worshipped a serpent: 'woshipped a sepent' in original

(Cuclopes, near ref. 607) [Greek: Akmonidan]: '[Greek: Lkmonidan]' in original

(Temple Rites, near ref. 647) [Greek: kataschisthenta]: '[Greek: kataschithenta]' in original

(ibid., near ref. 660) [Greek: ten (anthropon)]: '[Greek: tee]' in original

(Hippa, near ref. 694) [Greek: chremetismos]: '[Greek: chrematismos]' in original

(Damater, near ref. 763) [Greek: epekertomei]: '[Greek: epekeratomei]' in original

(Campe, near ref. 773) taken: duplicated over page end in original

(Myrina, near ref. 823) [Greek: aipeia]: '[Greek: aipuia]' in original

(Ninus, near ref. 912) period (after 'all to be crucified'): comma in original

(ibid., near ref. 916) title: 'titled' in original

(Zoroaster, near ref. 1005) analogous: 'analagous' in original

(Cadmus, near ref. 1142) country: 'county' in original

(ibid., near ref. 1237) [Greek: mathematikos]: '[Greek: mathematekos]' in original

(ibid., near ref. 1264) Phenicia,: repeated word (on 2 lines) in original

(Note 1.) soliti suos: 'solitei sos' in original

(Note 50.) [Greek: thaptesthai]: '[Greek: thappesthai]' in original

(Note 226.) corde: 'codre' in original

(Note 229.) [Greek: eueklostoio]: dialytika on [Greek: e] in original

(Note 401.) [Greek: kai 'go]: no space in original

(Note 534.) Theologico: 'Tehologico' in original

(Note 538.) [Greek: dunasteusai]: '[Greek: dunastusai]' in original

(Note 552.) [Greek: erem']: apostrophe printed as comma in original

(Note 752.) [Greek: tes (Alopes)]: '[Greek: tks]' in original

(Note 781.) sollerti: 'solerti' in original

(Note 803.) [Greek: kataschesin]: '[Greek: kataschsein]' in original

(Note 854.) [Greek: (Argeiou) Herakleous]: '[Greek: Heerakleous]' in original

(Note 1136.) l. 3. Sec.. 7.: 'l. Sec.. c. 7.' in original, cf. previous note

(Note 1175.) [Greek: kephalai]: '[Greek: kephelai]' in original

(Note 1177.) [Greek: eikosi]: only '[Greek: ikosi]' legible in scan (at start of line)