Chapter V: Egoism and Altruism in Evolution

Prototypes in other animal species of what we term Egoism and
Altruism in man; care for the young on the part of the
parent-animal; mutual aid between the sexes; animal
societies--Experiments of Lubbock showing the irregularity and
caprice of action altruistic in form, among the ants--Benno
Scheitz on maternal care among lower species--Answers to the
argument of automatism--Dependence of a theory of moral
Evolution on the definition of Egoism and Altruism--The
significance of the terms progressive--The possibility of
differences in the form of the evolution of Altruism, in
different species--The possibility of the combination of
different forms in the evolution of a single species--Discussion
of the question of the first beginning of action prompted by
altruistic motive--The argument of the illogical nature of a
supposed development of Altruism from Egoism--The question as to
whether Health, the Preservation of Species, or Pleasure, is the
actual final end of action--The question of Heredity in relation
to that of the moral evolution--Stephen's views--Arguments from
Ribot, Dugdale's "Jukes," etc. 383-422