Chapter V: ; Cambridge Modern History, Vol. X, 244 et seq.;

Desdevises du Dezert, _L'Espagne de L'Ancien Régime_ (Les
Institutions) 122-163; Solorzano, _Politica Indiana_, Vol. II;
Haebler, _Amerika_ (Helmolt's _Weltgeschichte_, Vol. I) 384,
_et seq._

C. The Church. _Real Patronato._

1. Royal control of the Church in oversea dominions.

a. Bull of Alexander VI, 1493.

b. The bull of Julius II, 1508.

c. The system as perfected.

2. The clergy in the colonies.

3. The priest as a colonizer.

4. Jesuits and other clerical orders.

5. Relations of Church and State.

6. The church and education.

7. The right of sanctuary in the colonies.

8. The mission system; the Church and the Indian.

9. The Inquisition in Spanish America.

10. The Church in Spanish and Portuguese colonies compared.

11. Some notable priests and monks; Las Casas, Zumarraga;
Cardenas, etc.

12. Expulsion of Jesuits, 1767, (Portugal, 1759).

Required Readings: Shepherd, 49-59; Bourne, 302-319; Keller,
283-305; Ayme, _Ancient Temples and Cities of the New World_;
Moses, _Establishment of Spanish Rule_, Chap. IV; ----, _South
America on the Eve of Emancipation_, 119-142; ----, _Spanish
Dependencies in South America_, Vol. I, 338-349; 364-380; Vol.
II, 143-153; 206-232; Smith, 229-248.

Additional Readings: Acosta, _The Natural and Moral History of
the Indies_, Vol. II; Lea, _The Inquisition in the Spanish
Dependencies_; Graham, _A Vanished Arcadia_; Koebel, _In Jesuit
Land_; Escriche, _Diccionario Razonado de Legislacion_; Palma,
_Anales de la inquisicion de Lima_; Lowery, _Spanish
Settlements in the United States_, Vol. I, 339-366; Calle,
_Memorial y Noticias Sacras_; Chapman, _The Founding of Spanish
California_ (cf. Index, "Religious Conquest"); Medina,
_Historia de Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisicion en
Mexico_; _Cambridge Modern History_, Vol. X, 253, _et seq._

D. The Indians and the Labor System.

1. The aborigines: tribes; number.

a. Most important families: Araucanians; Arawak; Aymara;
Aztec; Carib; Charrua; Chibcha; Coconuco; Guarani; Inca;
Maya; Mojos; Puelche; Quechua; Tapuya; Tupi, etc.

2. Indian civilization:

a. The Aztecs of Mexico.

b. The Incas of Peru.

3. Treatment of Indians by the Spanish; comparison of this
treatment with that by other nations.

4. Reputation of Spaniards for cruelty.

5. Laws of Spain relative to Indians:

a. Early regulations; instructions to Columbus; laws of
Burgos, 1512; laws of 1530.

b. The "New Laws," 1542.

c. Labor laws and customs:

1. _Encomienda._

2. _Repartimiento._

3. _Mita._

4. Office of _corregidor_.

d. Indian slavery; service in _obrages_ and _trapiches_;
effect of labor system on Indians.

e. Law and practice.

6. Taxation of Indians.

7. Work of Las Casas, Nobrega, and Anchieta.

8. Indian resistance against Spanish system; Tupac-Amaru, II,
1780-1781.

9. Importation of negro slaves:

a. The Spanish theory.

b. The asiento.

c. Laws governing negro slave labor.

Required Readings: Shepherd, 29-32; Morris, I, 239-241;
245-251; Keller, 257-282; Moses, _South America on the Eve of
Emancipation_, 167-217; ----, _Spanish Dependencies_, Vol. I,
204-229; Barros Arana, _Compendio de historia de America_, part
I; Watson, _Spanish and Portuguese South America_, Vol. I,
65-85; 209-249; Means, _The Rebellion of Tupac-Amaru_ II,
1780-1781, (His. Am. Hist. Rev., 1919); Church, _The Aborigines
of South America_; Hrdlicka, _Early Man in South America_;
Nordenskiold, _Indianerleben_.

Additional Readings: Gage, _New Survey of the West Indies_;
MacNutt, _Bartholomew de las Casas_; Prescott, _Conquest of
Mexico_; ----, _Conquest of Peru_; Robertson, _History of
America_, Book VIII; Helps, _Spanish Conquest in America_;
Saco, _Revista de Cuba_; Markham, _The Incas of Peru_; Spinden,
_Ancient Civilizations of Mexico and Central America_.

E. Social Classes and Colonial Society.

1. Spanish types in the colonies:

Basque; Gallego; Catalan; Andalusian.

2. Classes and race distinctions:

Chapeton (gachupines); Creole; Mestizo; Mulatto; Zambo.

3. Classes and the government; the _divide et impera_ policy.

4. Legacy of class distinction.

5. Spanish recognition of Creoles and natives; numbers
ennobled.

6. Colonial society; diversions; pursuits; occupations.

7. The towns; _pueblos_; the cercados.

Required Readings: Shepherd, 29-38; Morris, 252-254; Garcia
Calderon, _Latin America: Its Rise and Progress_, 44-58;
Bourne, 253-268; Keller, 211-220; Moses, _Establishment of
Spanish Rule_, Chapter II; ----, _South America on the Eve of
Emancipation_, 100-118.

Additional Readings: Humboldt, _Personal Narrative of Travels_;
Reclus, _The Earth and Its Inhabitants--South America_;
Frezier, _Voyage a la Mer de Sud_; Ulloa, _A Voyage to South
America_.

F. Colonial Agriculture, Manufacturing, and Mining.

1. The land system:

a. Primogeniture, entails, and mortmain.

b. Spanish _repartimientos_ and _encomiendas_; Portuguese
_capitanias_ and _prazos_.

2. Methods of acquiring real estate.

3. Attitude of home government toward colonial manufactures.

4. Stock raising; the Mesta; agricultural products introduced
by the Spanish.

5. Mines and mining in South and North America.

Readings: Bourne, 282-301; Payne, _History of America_, Vol. I,
254-362; Shepherd, 38-49; Moses, _South America on the Eve of
Emancipation_, 328-340; Keller, 221-225.

G. Trade System and Means of Transportation.

1. The Spanish trade regulations; mercantilism; the staple
cities.

2. Trade routes; oceanic; inland.

3. Convoys and fleet system; taxes levied; concessions of 1620.

4. Depots and staple cities; fairs.

5. Means of transportation in colonial Spanish America.

6. The _Consulado_; guilds; _cofradias_.

7. Trade companies:

The Guipuzcoa company, 1728-1778.

8. The War of Spanish Succession; Treaty of Utrecht.

9. The Anglo-Spanish relations at Porto Bello.

10. Obstacles to success of system:

a. Smuggling.

b. Buccaneers, pirates, and public enemies.

11. Final changes in system, 1740, 1748, 1765, 1778; work of
Charles III, Aranda, and Galvez.

12. Portuguese trade regulations.

Required Readings: Shepherd, 43-47; Bourne, 282-301; Morris,
260-277; Moses, _Spanish Dependencies_, Vol. II, 244-365;
Cambridge Modern History, Vol. X, 254-257; Keller, 226-241;
244-249; Smith, 248-254; Priestley, _Reforms of Jose de Galvez
in New Spain_ (The Pacific Ocean in History); Mimms, _Colbert's
West India Policy_; Koebel, _British Exploits in South
America_, 47-98; Haring, _The Buccaneers in the West Indies in
the Seventeenth Century_; Colmeiro, II, 401-463; Alberdi,
_Estudios Economicos_, 100-101.

Additional Readings: Blackmar, _Spanish Institutions in the
Southwest_; Stevens, _Spanish Rule of Trade in the West
Indies_; Esquemeling, _History of the Buccaneers_; Rubalcava,
_Tratado Historico Politico y Legal del Commercio_; Walton,
_Spanish Colonies_, Vol. II, 153-181.

H. The Colonial Taxation System.

1. The sources of revenue.

2. Taxes: _Alcabala_; _Armada_ and _armadilla_; _media anata_;
royal ninths; Indian tribute; taxes on: salt; mineral products;
tobacco.

3. Sale of offices.

Readings: Moses, _South America on the Eve of Emancipation_,
328-339.

I. Education and Thought.

1. The universities.

Institutions established at Lima, Mexico City, Bogota,
Cordoba, Cuzco, Caracas, Santiago de Chile, Quito, etc.

2. The clergy and education.

3. Colonial literature:

a. Clerical influences.

b. Early tendencies and schools.

c. Writers: Zumarraga, Las Casas, Ercilla, Balbuena, Juana
Ines de la Cruz, Espejo.

4. The press.

5. Transplantation of European civilization:

Language; customs; education; religion; political theories
and institutions.

6. Cultural influence of colonies upon Spain and Europe.

Required Readings: Shepherd, 59-68; Moses, _South America on
the Eve of Emancipation_, 143-166; Coester, _The Literary
History of Spanish America_, 1-38.

Additional Readings: Humboldt, _Personal Narrative of Travels_;
Ingenieros, _La Revolucion_, 29-78; Bunge, _Nuestra America_.

J. Political History.

1. Diplomatic relations of Spain and Portugal in 17th and 18th
Centuries.

2. The Viceroyalties:

a. New Spain, 1534.

b. Peru, 1542.

c. New Granada, 1739.

d. La Plata, 1776.

3. Indian Wars and political insurrections.

4. The favored and the neglected colonies.

5. Colonial defence--military and naval.

Readings: Keller, 316-325; Watson, _Spanish and Portuguese
South America_; Moses, _The Spanish Dependencies in South
America_.

=Chapter III. Settlement of Brazil and Portuguese Institutions.=

1. The voyage of Cabral; Portuguese claims; Correia, Coelho, de
Souza.

2. Early settlements; attitude of Portuguese toward Brazil;
founding of cities.

3. Portuguese system of colonization in Brazil.

a. The captaincies.

b. The "desembargo do paco."

c. Theory and practice; frequent changes in the
administrative service.

d. Comparison with Portuguese colonial system in the East
Indies.

e. The church in colonial Brazil; the _aldeias_; work of
Anchieta, Nobrega, Vieyra.

4. Treatment of the natives; intermarriage; regulations as to
labor system.

5. Importation of negro slaves, 1502; slave trade; the
_Companhia do Grao Para_; slave codes.

6. The Portuguese commercial system:

a. The "India House" and the "Guinea House."

b. Mercantilism and monopoly.

c. Participation of the English in the Portuguese trade.

d. Colonial products of Brazil.

7. Beginning of Westward Movement in Brazil.

a. Settlement of Sao Paulo.

b. Government of the frontier; the _Paulistas_;
_Mamelucos_.

c. Discovery of Gold, 1693; diamonds, 1730.

8. Society and thought in Brazil.

9. Conflict with the French and Dutch.

10. Relations of Brazil and Portugal.

Required Readings: Denis, _Brazil_, 27-78; Morris, I, 214-220;
Keller, 131-167; Watson, Vol. II, 1-26; Rio Branco, _Esquisse
de l'Histoire du Brésil_, 105-152.

Additional Readings: De Lannoy and Van der Linden, 11-26;
172-181; 225-238; Merivale, _Lectures_, 47 _et seq._; Pinheiro,
_Historia do Brazil_; Southey, _History of Brazil_; Varnhagen,
_Historia Geral do Brazil_, Vol. I.

=Chapter IV. Geography and Resources of Hispanic America.=

1. Geographic situation of South America.

2. Area of states in comparison with that of the United States
and Europe.

3. Climate.

a. Seasons and temperature.

b. Rainfall.

4. Mountain ranges; rivers; water power.

5. Harbors.

6. Forests; commercial value of forest products.

7. Mineral deposits.

8. Animal life; introduction of animals and plants by Spanish.

9. Drugs and medicines.

10. Agricultural possibilities. Products in general: fruits;
rubber; coffee; cacao; yerba; sugar; grasses; tobacco.

Required Readings: Shepherd, 107-121; _Atlas America Latina_;
Koebel, _The South Americans_, 184-304; Bryce, _South America_,
37-483; books on individual countries listed in Chapter VIII;
Keane, _Stanford's Compendium of Geography and Travel--Central
and South America_; Boero, _Geografia de America_.

Additional Readings: Tschudi, _Travels in Peru_; Whymper,
_Travels amongst the Great Andes of the Equator_; Schanz,
_Quer durch Sud-America_; Darwin, _Journal of
Researches_--(Voyage of the _Beagle_); Zahm's works.

=Chapter V. The Struggle for Independence, 1806-1826.=

1. Sources and elements of discontent in Latin America;
political and economic.

2. Influence of the American War of Independence; new economic
doctrines, French Revolution; English political philosophy.

3. Pre-revolutionary revolts; foreign stimulation.

4. Diffusion of new ideas; decline in effectiveness of the
Spanish policy of exclusion; the expedition of Miranda, 1806;
representative Hispanic-Americans in Europe and United States;
English expeditions against Buenos Aires and Montevideo,
1806-1807.

5. Invasion of Spain by Napoleon; overthrow of the legitimate
government; establishment of the Napoleonic government and of
Spanish _juntas_.

6. Disturbance in the colonies; attitude of the cities;
Caracas, Buenos Aires, Bogota, Cordoba, Santiago de Chile, etc.

7. The interregnum; development of local _juntas_;
manifestations of loyalty to Spain; theories applied to the
relations with Spain.

8. Gradual growth of desire and formation of plans for
independence; refusal of Spanish terms; character of the
revolutionary movement.

9. The revolution in the North, 1809-1821:

a. Formation of _juntas_; collaboration of Miranda and
Bolivar.

b. General character of the struggle; atrocities and
reprisals; Monteverde, Boves, and Morillo; the fate of
Miranda, the campaigns.

c. The constitution of Angostura.

d. The crossing of the Andes and the battle of Boyaca.

e. Services of Santander, Paez, Sucre, and others.

f. Altered character of the war after the Spanish
revolution of 1820.

g. Battle of Carabobo; the invasion of Ecuador.

h. Bolivar as organizer, military leader, liberator.

10. Attitude of foreign countries; aid of Great Britain:

a. Englishmen and Irish in the war.

b. Citizens of the United States in the northern campaigns.

11. The revolution in the South, 1809-1821:

a. Conditions in Buenos Aires and the South which produced
revolution; political services of Mariano Moreno, Castelli,
Belgrano, Pueyrredon, Rivadavia, Monteagudo, etc.

b. Campaigns: Belgrano at Tucuman; revolutionizing of
Paraguay; Artigas in Uruguay.

c. San Martin as soldier in Argentina and as governor of
Cuyo; preparation for the campaign in Chile; crossing of
the Andes.

d. Liberation of Chile; battles of Chacabuco and Maipu;
work of O'Higgins and Lord Cochrane; foreigners in San
Martin's service.

e. Campaign for Peru--Naval and Military.

12. Relations of Bolivar and San Martin; political theories of
each; the conference at Guayaquil; retirement of San Martin.

13. Final Stages in the war of independence, 1822-1826:

a. Bolivar's invasion of Peru; relations with political
leaders.

b. Battles of Junin and Ayacucho.

c. The campaign in Upper Peru; the Bolivian constitution.

d. Surrender of Callao.

14. The part of the Indians in the wars; the part of the
loyalists, their treatment; emigration of loyalists.

15. Early evidences of national aspiration on the part of
various communities.

16. Prosperity; free trade; interest of England and the United
States.

17. Unity versus sectionalism.

18. The Confederation of New Granada; Bolivar as an executive
and political theorist; revolutionary legislation.

19. Political theories and conflicting ambitions of the
generals; radicalism and conservatism in the revolution.

20. Establishment of states.

21. Revolutionary society in South America.

22. Comparison of the revolutions in South America with that in
the United States.

23. Mexico and Central America:

a. Hidalgo, Morelos, Mina, Guerrero.

b. Iturbide and the Plan of Iguala.

c. Part of the church; the land issue; social questions.

d. Revolutionizing of Central America.

24. Saint Domingue: Toussaint L'Ouverture.

Required Readings: Shepherd, 69-81; Garcia Calderon, 58-86;
Bryce, 423-448; _Cambridge Modern History_, Vol. X, 280-309;
Herrera, _La Revolution Francesa y Sud America_; Robertson,
_Francisco de Miranda and the Revolutionising of
Spanish-America_ (Amer. Hist. Assn. reports, 1907); _Rise of
Spanish-American Republics_; Moses, _Spain's Declining Power in
South America, 1730-1806_.

Additional Readings: Bancroft, _Mexico_; Pilling, _The
Emancipation of South America_; Paxson, _The Independence of
South American Republics_; Moses, _South America on the Eve of
Emancipation_; Filisola, _La Cooperacion de Mexico en la
independencia de Centro America_; Mitre, _The Emancipation of
South America_; Petre, _Bolivar_; Mancini, _Bolivar et
l'emancipation des colonies espagnoles_; Decoudray-Holstein,
_Memoirs of Simon Bolivar_; Rene-Moreno, _Ultimas Dias
Coloniales en el Alto Peru_; Ingenieros, _La Evolucion de las
Ideas Argentinas: La Revolucion_; Calvo, _Annales historiques
de la revolution de l'Amerique latine_; Torrente, _Historia de
la revolucion hispano-Americana_; Chandler, _Inter-American
Acquaintances_; Walton, _Present State of the Spanish
Colonies_.

=Chapter VI. Early Relations of Hispanic America with the United States; the Monroe Doctrine.=

1. Diffusion of revolutionary ideas and political opinions in
South America.

2. Part of Spanish-Americans in the American war of
independence.

3. Part of the United States in the Hispanic-American wars of
independence; diplomatic relations of United States and the _de
facto_ governments and people of Hispanic America.

4. Early ideas as to American concert.

5. Jefferson and John Adams on South America.

6. Early statements of the Monroe Doctrine.

7. Evolution of Monroe Doctrine during the Revolutionary War;
the part of Hispanic America.

8. Attitude of European States toward Hispanic America after
the Congress of Vienna.

a. Effects of revolutionary wars upon European politics and
diplomacy.

b. The policy of intervention.

c. The Holy Alliance and the Concert of Europe.

d. Applications of policy of intervention.

e. The Congress of Verona.

f. The position of England.

9. Recognition by the United States.

10. The Canning-Rush-Adams correspondence.

11. The Monroe message.

12. Reception of Monroe Doctrine in South America and in
Europe.

13. The Monroe Doctrine, 1823-1828.

14. Recognition by Great Britain, Spain, and other European
states.

Required Readings: Edgington, _History of the Monroe Doctrine_;
Bingham, _The Monroe Doctrine, an Obsolete Shibboleth_; Garcia
Calderon, 58-85; Bryce, 422-451; Koebel, _British Exploits_,
163-254; Shepherd, _Bolivar and the United States_ (Hisp. Am.
Hist. Rev. 1918); Moore, _Digest of International Law_
(Sections on Monroe Doctrine); The New International
Encyclopaedia; _Annals of the American Academy of Political
Science_, July, 1914; Robertson, _Reception of the Monroe
Doctrine_ (Political Science Quarterly, 1915); Manning, _Early
Diplomatic Relations between the United States and Mexico_.

Additional Readings: Gilman, _James Monroe_; Bigelow, _American
Policy_; Coolidge, _United States as a World Power_; Hart, _The
Monroe Doctrine_; Torres, _An Exposition of the Commerce of
South America_; Chadwick, _The Relations of Spain and the
United States_.

=Chapter VII. Political Theories and Early Republican Institutions.=

1. The monarchical idea _versus_ the republican; opinions of
the revolutionary leaders: Bolivar, San Martin, Rivadavia,
Belgrano, etc.

2. Early political parties or groups and their theories:

a. Unitary; federalist; conservative; and radical.

b. Liberal and conservative writers on politics: Lastarria,
Bilbao, Echeverria, Montalvo, Vigil, Sarmiento; Bello,
Alberdi, Herrera, Acosta.

c. Influence of France upon political theorists.

3. Political factions:

Military; clerical; civilian; and lay.

4. Party methods and politics.

5. Ballot and elections; restrictions of the suffrage.

6. Popular apathy in political affairs; personal politics.

7. Character of governments:

Federal and unitary.

8. Early constitutions; separation of powers.

9. The office of executive.

a. Constitutional powers in various countries.

b. Prestige and dignity of office.

c. Early types of executives: tyrants; dictators;
liberators; restorers; caudillos.

10. Character and powers of Congress; congress _versus_
president; experiments with unicameral legislatures.

11. Influence of English and French cabinet systems of
government.

12. The judiciary in Latin America:

a. Constitutional powers and position in administration.

b. Judicial review of legislation.

13. Early conventions and platforms.

14. Municipal government:

a. General characteristics.

b. Police systems.

c. Public service.

d. Prisons.

Readings: Shepherd, 81-96; Garcia Calderon, 100-350;
Crichfield, _American Supremacy_; Alberdi, _Bases ..._; ----,
_Estudios economicos_; ----, _Del Gobierno en Sud America_;
Sarmiento, _El Facundo_; Lastarria, _Lecciones de politica
positiva en la Academia de bellas letras_; Balbin de Unquera,
_Andres Bello, su epoca y sus obras_; books on individual
countries.

=Chapter VIII. Political History, 1826-1920; Political Heritage of Colonial Times.=

1. The three phases:

a. 1826-1850, Age of Dictators.

b. 1850-1876, Struggle for Stability.

c. 1876----, Rise of Great States and Economic Progress.

2. Typical dictators:

a. Garcia Moreno,--Ecuador.

b. Ramon Castilla,--Peru.

c. Rosas,--Argentina.

d. Paez and Guzman Blanco,--Venezuela.

e. Santa Anna and Diaz,--Mexico.

3. Progressive States of South America:

A. Argentina:

1. The presidency of Rivadavia; War with Brazil;
conflict between Buenos Aires and provinces.

2. Rosas and Urquiza.

3. Mitre and Sarmiento.

4. Political program and stability; President Roca.

5. Economic development and growth of population.

6. The southward movement in Argentina.

7. Contemporary government and politics.

Suggested Readings: Koebel, _Argentina, Past and Present_;
----, _The South Americans_; Hirst, _Argentina_; Hammerton,
_The Real Argentine_; Chandler, _The Argentine Southward
Movement_, (Bulletin Pan. Am. Un., 1914).

Additional Readings: Martinez and Lewandowski, _Argentina in
the Twentieth Century_; Merou, _Historia de la Republica
Argentina_; V. F. Lopez, _Historia de la Republica Argentina_
(Vols IX and X).

B. Brazil.

1. Brazil and Portugal, 1807-1822.

2. The empire: Pedro I and Pedro II.

3. Economic development; international relations.

4. Emancipation of slaves.

5. The Republic: early disorders; progress toward
stability.

6. The westward movement in Brazil.

7. Colonization experiments--State and National.

8. Contemporary government and politics.

Readings: Denis, _Brasil_; Watson, Vol. II, 256-270; _Cambridge
Modern History_, Vol. X, 310-339; Vol. XII, 674-676; Varnhagen,
Vol. II; Pinheiro, _Historia do Brasil_; Bennett, _Forty Years
in Brazil_; Buley, _North Brazil_; ----, _South Brasil_;
Winter, _Brazil and her people of today_; Domville-Fife, _The
United States of Brasil_; Grossi, _Storia della Colonizazione
Europea al Brasile_.

C. Chile:

1. Dictatorship of O'Higgins.

2. Work of Portales and the _pelucones_.

3. The conservative regime; ten year presidents.

4. War with Spain.

5. The problem of the Araucanians.

6. War with Peru and Bolivia.

7. Balmaceda and the congress.

8. Relations with the United States; with Argentina;
the "Christ of the Andes."

9. Contemporary government and politics.

a. Operation of the cabinet system in Chile.

b. Contemporary political parties.

c. Local government.

Readings: Elliot, _Chile_; Garcia Calderon, 164-179; Hancock,
_A History of Chile_; Amunategui and Vicuña MacKenna, _La
dictadura de O'Higgins_; Bulnes, _Las Causas de la Guerra entre
Chile y Peru_; Markham, _The War between Peru and Chile_;
Olivares, _Historia de Chile_; Guiterez, _La Guerra de 1879_;
Barros Arana, _La Guerre du Pacifique_; ----, _Historia
general de Chile_; Egaña, _The Tacna and Arica Question_; Macy
and Gannaway, _Comparative Free Government_, 663-672; Reinsch,
_Parliamentary Government in Chile_ (Am. Pol. Science Rev.,
III, 507, _et seq._)

D. Uruguay.

1. Relations with Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.

2. Political organization and progress.

3. Economic, educational, and religious developments.

4. Contemporary government and politics.

Readings: Koebel, _Uruguay_; Roxlo, _Uruguay en 1904_; Acevedo,
_Historia de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay_; Zorilla de San
Martin, _La Epopeya de Artigas_.

4. Less Progressive and Backward States of South America.

A. Venezuela:

1. Revolutions and tyrants: Guzman Blanco; Castro.

2. Foreign relations.

3. Contemporary government and politics.

Readings: Dalton, _Venezuela_; Scruggs, _The Colombian and
Venezuelan Republics_.

B. Colombia:

1. Political record.

2. Foreign relations.

Readings: Scruggs, _The Colombian and Venezuelan Republics_;
Levine, _Colombia_; Eder, _Columbia_; Arboleda, _Historia
contemporanea de Colombia_.

C. Ecuador.

Readings: Enock, _Ecuador_; Mejia, _Ecuador_; Cevalles,
_Compendio de la historia del Ecuador_.

D. Peru.

1. Political record.

2. Foreign relations.

3. Contemporary government and politics.

Readings: Enock, _Peru_; Wright, _Peru_; Markham, _A History of
Peru_; Llorente, _Historia de Peru_.

E. Bolivia.

1. Presidency of Sucre and dictatorship of Santa Cruz.

2. Political disorder.

3. Foreign relations; part of Bolivia in war, 1879-83.

4. Constitution of 1880.

Readings: Wright, _Bolivia_; Walle, _Bolivia_; Valdes, _Estudio
historico de Bolivia_.

F. Paraguay.

1. Period of Francia.

2. The Lopez group.

3. War with Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay.

4. Contemporary government and politics.

Readings: Washburn, _History of Paraguay_; Hardy, _Paraguay_;
Decoud, _Paraguay_; Funes, _Historia civil del Paraguay_;
Mitre, _Guerra del Paraguay_; Yubero, _El Paraguay moderno_.

5. Mexico.

a. Empire and early republic: Iturbide and Santa Anna.

b. Relations with Texas.

c. The war with the United States.

d. Struggle with the church: Juarez.

e. Maximilian.

f. The Diaz regime; economic development.

g. Contemporary period: the revolution.

Madero; Huerta; Carranza; Villa; Obregon.

h. Relations with the United States; with Japan; with Germany.

i. Constitution and politics.

Suggested Readings: Enock, _Mexico_; Noll, _From Empire to
Republic_; ----, _History of Mexico_; Fortier and Ficklen,
_Central America and Mexico_; Bancroft, _History of Mexico_;
Rives, _Relations of Mexico and the United States_; Bancroft,
_Porfirio Diaz_; Pinchon and de Lara, _Mexico_; Stevenson,
_Maximilian in Mexico_; Martin, _Maximilian_; ----, _Mexico
of the XXth Century_; Prida, _From Despotism to Anarchy_;
Fornaro, _Carranza and Mexico_; Trowbridge, _Mexico Today and
Tomorrow_.

Additional Readings: Alaman, _Historia de Mexico_; Esquivel,
_Democracia y personalismo_; Estrada, _La Revolution y
Francisco I. Madero_; Gonzalez, _La Revolucion y sus heroes_;
Zamacois, _Historia de Mexico_; Planchet, _La Cuestion
religiosa en Mexico_.

6. The Central American States:

First Class: Costa Rica and Guatemala.

Second Class: Honduras, Salvador, and Nicaragua.

1. Race distribution.

2. Projects of union: 1824-1838; 1842; 1848; 1852; 1862;
1872; 1876; 1887; 1889; 1895; 1897.

3. The peace conference of 1907; the court.

4. Political and economic conditions.

5. Foreign relations.

Readings: Villafranca, _Costa Rica_; Winter, _Guatemala_;
Guardia, _Costa Rica_; Squier, _States of Central America_;
Palmer, _Central America_; Fortier and Ficklen, _Central
America and Mexico_; Martin, _Salvador_; Koebel, _Central
America_; Munro, _The Five Central American Republics_;
Shepherd, _Central and South America_.

7. The Insular Republics.

A. Cuba.

1. Cuba in the early part of the 19th century.

2. Plans made in South America for the revolutionizing of
Cuba.

3. Cuba in diplomacy; attitude of the United States and
Europe.

4. Slavery in Cuba.

5. Filibusters.

6. The ten year war; the problem of reform.

7. The Spanish-American War; status of Cuba after the
peace.

8. American occupation; the Platt Amendment.

9. Republican government in Cuba; interventions by the
United States; diplomatic and economic relations with the
United States.

Readings: Callahan, _Cuba and International Relations_;
Leroy-Beaulieu, 251-268; Cabrera, _Cuba and the Cubans_;
Porter, _Industrial Cuba_; Lindsay, _Cuba and her People of
Today_; Quesada, _The War in Cuba_; Guiteras, _Historia de la
Isla de Cuba_; Ramon de la Sagra, _Historia de la Isla de Cuba_
(13t); Canini, _Four Centuries of Spanish Rule in Cuba_;
Johnson, _The History of Cuba_ (5v); Hill, _Cuba and Porto
Rico_.

B. Haiti and Santo Domingo:

1. Monarchy and republicanism in Haiti and Santo Domingo.

2. Social and racial problems.

3. Political disorders.

4. International relations:

a. Financial conditions; foreign claims.

b. Interventions.

c. Relations of Santo Domingo and the United States.

d. Haiti and the United States.

5. Attitude toward the United States.

6. Contemporary government and politics.

Readings: Fiske, _West Indies_; Eves, _West Indies_; St. John,
_Haiti, the Black Republic_; Schoenrich, _Santo Domingo_;
Hazard, _Santo Domingo, Past and Present_; Hollander, _Report
on the Debt of Santo Domingo_ (Sen. Ex. Document, 59th Cong.);
Garcia, _Compendio de la Historia de Santo Domingo_.

8. Panama:

a. Secessionist tendencies in Panama.

b. The revolution.

c. The republic.

d. Relations with Colombia and the United States.

Required Readings: Bishop, _Panama, Past and Present_; Gause
and Carr, _The Story of Panama_; Bunau-Varilla, _Panama; the
Creation, Destruction and Resurrection_; Villegas, _The
Republic of Panama_.

Readings in general for political history: Dawson, _The South
American Republics_; Akers, _History of South America_; Dodd,
_Modern Constitutions_; Rodriguez, _American Constitutions_;
Sweet, _History of Latin America_; Koebel, _South America_;
Garcia Calderon, _Latin-America_, 86-231; _Cambridge Modern
History_, XII, 672-689; Domville-Fife, _Great States of South
America_; Enock, _The Republics of Central and South America_;
Porter, _The Ten Republics_; Colmo, _Los paises de la America
latina_; Amunategui, _Ensayos biographicos_ (4v); Shepherd,
_Hispanic Nations of the New World_.

=Chapter IX. Relations with One Another and with Europe.=

1. Boundary disputes and commissions; the principle of _uti
possedetis_.

2. Filibustering expeditions and reprisals.

3. The status of Uruguay.

4. The war against Paraguay.

5. The Chile-Peru-Bolivia war; the Tacna-Arica question.

6. International standing of Latin America.

7. The problem of unity:

a. Proposals for a league of states of Spanish origin.

b. Proposals for inclusion of Brazil in this league.

c. Congresses of Hispanic-American countries: Panama
(1826), Lima (1848, 1864, 1897), Santiago de Chile (1856).

d. Programmes of arbitration; proposals for codification of
international law for the Americas.

e. Congresses for health and sanitations conventions: Rio
de Janiero (1887, 1906), Lima (1888), Washington (1902,
1905), Mexico City (1907), San Jose de Costa Rica (1909).

f. Scientific congresses: Buenos Aires (1898), Montevideo,
(1901), Rio de Janiero (1905), Santiago de Chile, (1908),
Washington, (1916).

g. Control of river commerce; the international rivers.

8. Central American affairs; arbitration agreement.

9. The so-called A. B. C. Alliance.

10. Relations with Europe:

Diplomatic; economic; cultural.

11. European interventions in Latin American affairs:

Examples of European intervention: France and Great Britain
at Buenos Aires and Montevideo; Spain and France in Mexico;
France, Great Britain and Spain in Mexico; Spain in Santo
Domingo and Peru; Great Britain at Corinto; Germany, Great
Britain and Italy in Venezuela.

Readings: Shepherd, 96-106; Koebel, _The South Americans_,
41-63; Garcia Calderon, 335-350; _Cambridge Modern History_,
Vol. XII, 689-702; Moore, _Brazil and Peru Boundary Question_;
Posada, _En America una compaña_; Helio Lobo, _O Tribunal
Arbitral Brasiliero-Boliviano_; Alvarez, _Le Droit
international Americain_; Quesada, _La Evolution del
Panamericanismo_.

=Chapter X. Later Diplomatic and Political Relations with the United States.=

1. Development and extension of the Monroe Doctrine:

a. The Jackson-Van Buren attitude.

b. Polk's revival, interpretation, and restriction.

c. Monroe Doctrine in the fifties:

1. Connection with slavery issue.

2. Paraguay, 1857-59.

d. The Maximilian episode.

e. The United States and the Chilean war with Spain.

f. Grant and the nationalization of the doctrine.

g. The Santos claim in Ecuador; Alsop claim in Chile.

h. Cleveland-Olney extension.

i. Monroe Doctrine and imperialism.

j. Roosevelt-Taft period.

k. Wilson Doctrine.

l. Monroe Doctrine and claims against Hispanic-American
countries:

1. Contractual,--Alsop, Cerutti, Landreau.

2. Tortuous,--Case of Moreno; Benton Case; Renton Case.

m. The Monroe Doctrine and the World War.

Readings: Appropriate sections of Edgington, Bingham, Hart,
Bigelow; Reddaway, _Monroe Doctrine_; American State Papers;
Moore, _A Digest of International Law_, Vol. VI, 368-604;
714-715; ----, _Principles of American Diplomacy_, 246-269;
Minister Dudley's report, U. S. For. Rel., 1899; Vicuña
Mackenna, _Historia de la Administracion Montt_; ----,
_Historia de Chile_; New International Encyclopedia; Bonilla,
_Wilson Doctrine_; Barrett, _Latin-America of Today and its
Relation to the United States_; Helio Lobo, _De Monroe a
Rio-Branco_; Saenz Peña, _Derecho publico Americano_.

2. Hispanic-American attitude toward the United States.

a. In politics and diplomacy.

b. In commerce.

Readings: Ugarte, _El porvenir de la America latina_;
Sotolongo, _El Imperialismo Norte Americano_; Merlos, _America
latina ante el peligro_; Weyl, _American World Policies_,