Chapter X: Part 10

The hero of an Irish legend +A.D.+ 700. He was the son of Owenacht of Aran, but before his birth his father was killed by a band of robbers. When he had grown to manhood he determined to seek out his father’s murderers, and with a crew of some fifty men set out on his voyage. The vessel was blown away from the coast of Ireland, probably amongst the Hebrides, and they visited islands,--described by the poet as the Isle of a Saint, the Bounteous Isle, Isle of Fire, Isle of Flowers, Isle of Fruits, Isle of Shouting, Isle of the Double Towers, the Isle of Witches, and the Silent Isle--which abounded with monstrous animals, fruits, shouting birds, and biting horses of gigantic size, lakes of fire and of witches. Eventually they came to a bare rock upon which was a fortress where lived his father’s murderers, but instead of slaying them, he forgave them in thankfulness to God for having delivered him from so many perils.

_Voyage of Maeldune._

MAGDALEN.

A character in _Queen Mary_.

_Queen Mary._

MAGDALEN (Saint Mary).

_Becket._

MAGEE (Molly).

_See_ =Dan, Danny O’Roon=.

MAGPIE.

A bird of the genus _Pica_, allied to the jay.

_To Rev. F. D. Maurice._

MAHOMET.

till warming with her theme
She fulmined out her scorn of laws Salique
And little-footed China, touch’d on Mahomet
With much contempt, and came to chivalry:

Probably refers to the system of Islam, which permits polygamy, or to the general idea that Mahomet considered that women have no souls.

_The Princess._

MAHOUND.

The corrupt form of the name Mahomet used by old writers.

_Becket_;
_The Foresters_.

MAID MARIAN.

Supposed to have been the daughter of sir Richard Lea, who assumed the name of Maid Marian while Robin Hood remained in a state of outlawry. She is frequently mentioned as the paramour of Robin Hood. She was supposed to have been poisoned at Dunmow Priory by order of king John, because she rejected him.

_Queen Mary_;
_The Foresters_.

MAID OF ASTOLAT.

Elaine the fair, Elaine the loveable,
Elaine, the lily maid of Astolat,
High in her chamber up a tower to the east
Guarded the sacred shield of Lancelot;

_See_ =Elaine=.

_Lancelot and Elaine._

MAIDSTONE.

The county town of Kent, situated on the river Medway.

_Queen Mary._

MAIDSTONE MARKET.

_Queen Mary._

MALET.

William Malet of Graville in Normandy and a companion of the Conqueror. Was sheriff of York till 1068, taken prisoner at the capture of York in 1069, but subsequently released.

_Harold._

MALLEOR.

or him
Of Geoffrey’s book, or him of Malleor’s,

= Sir Thomas Malory, author of _Morte d’Arthur_.

_To the Queen, II._

MALLOW.

A plant which grows on marshy or moist soils.

_The Brook._

MALVOISIE.

= Malmsey, a sweet wine from Crete, Canary Islands, and the Azores.

_The Foresters._

MAMMON.

He believed
This filthy marriage-hindering Mammon made
The harlot of the cities:

Has reference to the Syrian god of wealth, and wishes to convey that persons prevented from marrying on account of material wealth are apt to fall into dissipation.

_Aylmer’s Field._

MAMMONITE MOTHER.

When a Mammonite mother kills her babe for a burial fee,

The mother subscribes to an Insurance Society and then murders her child in order to get its funeral expenses.

_Maud._

MANCHESTER.

Tho’ niggard throats of Manchester may bawl
What England was, shall her true sons forget?

Has reference to the ‘School of Manchester’ who protested against the Crimean war.

_Third of February._

MANSFIELD.

A town in Nottinghamshire.

_The Foresters._

MANTOVANO.

I salute thee, Mantovano, I that loved thee since my day began,
Wielder of the stateliest measure ever moulded by the lips of man.

Has reference to Virgil, the Latin poet, who was born near Mantua.

_To Virgil._

MAP.

_See_ =Walter Map=.

MARAH.

_Becket._ Breaking already from thy noviciate
To plunge into this bitter world again--
These wells of Marah.

_See Exodus xv. 23._

_Becket._

MARGARET.

Represented by the poet as a pale, delicate and pensive girl, and also appears at times to be given to melancholy. He compares her to the calm sea, and also speaks of her as the evening star.

alway
Remaining betwixt dark and bright:

_Margaret._

MARGARET.

Friend of a little girl Alice, who is to be ‘Queen of the May.’

_May Queen._

MARGARET.

The three year old daughter of a city clerk, gently born and bred, who with his wife and child was spending a holiday at the sea-side. The mother rocked Margaret’s cradle, singing her to sleep with the well-known slumber song:

‘What does little birdie say.’

_Sea Dreams._

MARGERY.

Daughter of a poor woman, who received permission from the priest, Father Philip, to send her daughter into the world to earn her own living as a bower-maid. Margery related ‘he asked our mother if I could keep a quiet tongue i’ my head, and not speak till I was spoke to.’ Fulfilling these conditions she was to be advanced into the service of a great lady, namely Rosamund de Clifford, paramour of Henry the Second. It was Margery, however, who first disclosed to Rosamund the secret fact of Henry’s marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine. The news caused great grief to Rosamund. Margery left the bower, singing:

Bee mustn’t buzz,
Whoop--but he knows.

_Becket._

MARIA.

_Pole._ Ave Maria, gratia plena, Benedicta tu in mulieribus.

= Virgin Mary.

_Queen Mary._

MARIAM (ISSA BEN).

_See_ =Issa Ben Mariam=.

MARIAN.

_See_ =Maid Marian=.

MARIAN.

The dead wife of a friend in the poem. He induced him to leave London, and come to spend a few days with him at his country home.

Is memory with your Marian gone to rest,
Dead with the dead?

The writer thought that a change of scenery would be some consolation to him in his grief for his wife Marian.

_To Mary Boyle._

MARIE. MARIE ALEXANDROVNA.

Only daughter of Alexander II, czar of Russia, married to the duke of Edinburgh, second son of the late queen Victoria, at St. Petersburg, January 23, 1874.

_A Welcome to Her Royal Highness Marie Alexandrovna,
Duchess of Edinburgh._

MARK.

of Tintagel Castle, king of Cornwall. He was a man of vice and treachery, and was hated by all the Knights of the Round Table. He sent an envoy to king Arthur bearing a costly cloth of gold as a gift to the king, with a request that Arthur would knight him, as he had knighted Tristram, but the king rejected with scorn both the gift and the request.

Then came in hall the messenger of Mark,
A name of evil savour in the land,
The Cornish king. In either hand he bore
What dazzled all, and alone far-off as shines
A field of charlock in the sudden sun
Between two showers, a cloth of palest gold,
Which down he laid before the throne, and knelt,
Delivering, that his lord, the vassal king,
Was ev’n upon his way to Camelot;
For having heard that Arthur of his grace
Had made his goodly cousin, Tristram, knight,
And, he himself was of the greater state,
Being a king, he trusted his liege-lord
Would yield him this large honour all the more;
So pray’d him well to accept this cloth of gold,
In token of true heart and feälty.
Then Arthur cried to rend the cloth, to rend
In pieces, and so cast it on the hearth.

Being jealous of the popularity of his brother Boudwin he murdered him. He married Isolt, daughter of king Anguish of Ireland. He plotted against his nephew Tristram (_q.v._), who had married Isolt, daughter of Howell, king of Brittany, and finally slew him whilst dallying with his wife.

He spoke, he turn’d, then, flinging round her neck,
Claspt it, and cried ‘Thine Order, O my Queen!’
But, while he bow’d to kiss the jewell’d throat,
Out of the dark, just as the lips had touch’d,
Behind him rose a shadow and a shriek--
‘Mark’s way,’ said Mark, and clove him thro’ the brain.

_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Balin and Balan_;
_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Last Tournament_.

MARK ANTONY.

Marcus Antonius, son of Marcus Antonius Creticus and Julia, sister of Julius Cæsar. He became consul with Cæsar 44 +B.C.+, whom he accompanied to Gaul. When Cæsar was murdered on the Ides of March he formed a triumvirate and defeated Brutus and Cassius at Philippi. Fell in love with Cleopatra, with whom he lived in luxury in Egypt. Eventually he was deposed by the Triumvirate and war being proclaimed he was defeated in a naval engagement off Actium, by Octavius, +B.C.+ 31. His outburst against Cleopatra after his defeat is depicted in Shakespeare’s _Antony and Cleopatra, Act iv. Scene xii_.

All is lost;
This foul Egyptian hath betrayed me:
My fleet hath yielded to the foe; and yonder
They cast their caps up and carouse together
Like friends long lost. Triple-turn’d whore! ’tis thou
Hast sold me to this novice; and my heart
Makes only war on thee.

and when she has left him, he proceeds:

’Tis well thou’rt gone,
If it be well to live; but better ’twere
Thou fell’st into my fury, for one death
Might have prevented many. Eros, ho!
The shirt of Nessus is upon me:

Twelve months later he committed suicide (83-30 +B.C.+).

_Dream of Fair Women._

MARRIS (Bessy).

_See_ =Bessy Marris=.

MARS.

The Roman god of war. He was regarded as the father of Romulus, the founder of Rome.

_Maud_;
_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After_.

MARSH-DIVER.

_The Princess._

MARSH-MARIGOLD.

A genus of plants of the Ranunculus order, having large yellow flowers, common in marshes.

_Queen Mary._

MARY.

But ‘Ave Mary,’ made she moan,
And ‘Ave Mary,’ night and morn,

= ‘Hail Mary,’ a prayer to the Virgin Mary.

_Mariana in the South_;
_Harold_;
_The Foresters_.

MARY.

One of four girl friends spoken of by Alice, the ‘Queen of the May.’

_May Queen._

MARY.

When Lazarus left his charnel-cave,
And home to Mary’s house return’d,
Was this demanded--if he yearn’d
To hear her weeping by his grave?

Sister of Martha and Lazarus.

_In Memoriam._

MARY.

The silver year should cease to mourn and sigh--
Not long to wait--
So close are we, dear Mary, you and I
To that dim gate.

= Mary Boyle, to whom the _Progress of Spring_ is dedicated.

_To Mary Boyle._

MARY.

Wife of Romney, the great painter, who married when he was only nineteen. Sir Joshua and other artists remarked to him that marriage spoiled an artist, and almost immediately he forsook his wife and young child, and scarcely saw them until the close of his life. When old and weary and desolate he returned to her, who received him kindly and nursed him until he died. Before his death he implored for her forgiveness, and said he

lost
Salvation for a sketch.

_Romney’s Remorse._

MARY.

Queen of England, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. On the death of Edward VI she was proclaimed queen. The duke of Northumberland had however induced Edward VI to set aside Henry’s will in favour of lady Jane Grey, who had married his son, lord Guildford Dudley, but the country favoured Mary and she entered London in triumph on July 10, 1553. Northumberland and others were executed, including lady Jane Grey and her husband, and the Roman Catholic religion was again restored. The unpopularity of the proposal to marry Philip of Spain brought about the rebellion of sir Thomas Wyatt, which was crushed with severity, and the princess Elizabeth being suspected was committed to the Tower, and afterwards removed to Woodstock. In 1555 persecution broke out which gave her the name of ‘Bloody Mary,’ some 300 persons, including Cranmer, Ridley and Latimer being sent to the stake. At the instigation of Philip she declared war with France, with the result that Calais was lost to England. During the last years of her reign she suffered from ill-health, and her unhappy and childless marriage, aggravated by the loss of Calais, produced a fever of which she died on November 17, 1558, and with her ended the domination of the papal power in England.

_Queen Mary._

MARY. MARY MORRISON.

The lover, and eventually the wife of William, son of farmer Allan.

_Dora._

MARY OF ENGLAND.

_See_ =Mary (Queen of England)=.

MARY OF SCOTLAND.

_See_ =Scots (Mary, Queen of)=.

MASTIFF.

A large dog.

_Promise of May._

MATILDA (or Maud).

Daughter of Henry I of England. Married in 1114 to the emperor Henry V, and after his death in 1128 to Geoffrey Plantagenet. On the death of her father, her cousin Stephen (_q.v._) became king, and civil war broke out. In 1139 she arrived in England from Normandy, defeated and took Stephen prisoner at the battle of Lincoln, but being defeated herself she fled to Normandy. In 1153 a peace was concluded by which it was agreed that Matilda’s son Henry should be Stephen’s successor.

_Becket._

MAUD.

Daughter of a man who by speculation came into possession of a hall and certain estates. The son of the ruined man thought of leaving the hateful neighbourhood, but as Maud, the playmate of his youth, returned to the hall, he remained. Maud was perfectly beautiful, but her face was expressionless. She grew to love the playmate of her youth, to whom she had been betrothed since birth. Her harsh brother forbade all intercourse, but her lover invited her to meet him in the garden, using the lovely lyric,

‘Come into the garden, Maud.

The trysting-place was however discovered by her brother and a certain young lord. High words ensued, followed by a duel. Maud’s brother was shot dead--and the lover fled to the Breton coast. The news of Maud’s death reached him and he fell into the apathy of despair.

_Maud._

MAURICE (Rev. Frederick Denison).

Theologian and social reformer and friend of the poet. Son of a Unitarian minister, in 1812 went to Trinity College, Cambridge, and founded--in conjunction with Sterling--the Apostles Club; in 1834 proceeded to Oxford and took his degree; appointed chaplain of Guy’s Hospital 1837; and from 1846-53 was Professor of Theology at King’s College, having in the meantime appeared before the principal to answer the charges of heterodoxy brought against him in the _Quarterly Review_.

For, being of that honest few,
Who give the Fiend himself his due,
Should eighty thousand college-councils
Thunder ‘Anathema,’ friend, at you;

Should all our Churchmen foam in spite
At you, so careful of the right,
Yet one lay-hearth would give you welcome
(Take it and come) to the Isle of Wight;

In 1852 he was godfather to Hallam Tennyson.

Come, when no graver cares employ,
Godfather, come and see your boy:
Your presence will be sun in winter,
Making the little one leap for joy.

In the following year upon the publication of his _Theological Essays_ was, by the Council of King’s College, requested to retire. He subsequently accepted the Incumbency of Vere Street Chapel, which he held until appointed Professor of Moral Philosophy at Cambridge. Incumbent of St. Edward’s, Cambridge, 1870-72 and Cambridge preacher at Whitehall 1871. He died in the following year and was buried at Highgate.

_To Rev. F. D. Maurice._

MAURICE. MAURICE BERKELEY.

Sir Maurice Berkeley. Fought on the side of Mary in the Wyatt insurrection, 1554. Wyatt surrendered to him at Temple Bar.

_Queen Mary._

MAVIS.

= The song-thrush.

_Claribel_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_The Foresters_.

MAVORS.

then would I cry to thee
To kiss thy Mavors, roll thy tender arms
Round him,

= Mars.

_Lucretius._

MAYFLY.

A short-lived fly which appears in May.

_Maud._

MAY LILIAN.

_See_ =Lilian=.

MAY-SWEET.

_Lover’s Tale._

MEADOW-CRAKE.

= the corn-crake. It builds its nest in meadow grass.

_The Princess._

MEADOW-SWEET.

A fragrant herbaceous plant with white flowers, called also _queen of the meadow_.

_The Brook_;
_Promise of May_.

MEDITERRANEAN.

An inland sea enclosed east by Asia, south by Africa and north by Europe.

_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham._

MEDWAY.

Ah, gray old castle of Alington, green field
Beside the brimming Medway, it may chance
That I shall never look upon you more.

A river of Kent.

_Queen Mary._

MEG.

began
To troll a careless, careless tavern-catch
Of Moll and Meg, and strange experiences
Unmeet for ladies.

A colloquialism for Margaret.

_The Princess._

MELISSA.

Daughter of lady Blanche and friend of Ida, heroine of _The Princess_, one of the young ladies who accompanied Ida to her house of learning. Melissa is the Greek word for ‘Bee’ or ‘Honey.’ She was supposed to be a maiden of youthful charm and one whose tender conscience and loving manner could not brook the shadow of deceit. At the college she occupied a subordinate position, but her youthful charm and subordinate sphere formed a striking contrast to the princess who was the embodiment of majestic dignity.

_The Princess._

MELPOMENE.

The Muse of Tragedy. Her attribute is a tragic mask, or a sword. The Muses (_q.v._) were nine in number, daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, and were considered as goddesses dwelling in Olympus.

_In Memoriam._

MEMMIAN NAPHTHA-PITS.

or fled
Beyond the Memmian naphtha-pits, disgraced
For ever--

= Mennis, a place in Mesopotamia with Naphtha-pits, identified with the modern Kerkuk, or Kirkook, in Asiatic Turkey, twenty hours’ journey from Arbela.

Alexander quartis castris ad Mennin urbem pervenit. Caverna ibi est,
ex qua fons ingentem vim bituminis effundit, adeo ut satis constet,
Babylonios muros ingentis operis fontis bitumine interlitos esse.

Q. Curtius: _Hist. Alex. Magni v._ i. 16.

_See_ Professor Bensly’s communication to _Notes and Queries, February 14, 1914, p. 137_.

_Alexander._

MEMMIUS.

and meant
Surely to lead my Memmius in a train
Of flowery clauses onward to the proof
That Gods there are, and deathless.

= A Roman citizen. Was tribune, pretor and subsequently governor of Bithynia; banished by Cæsar. Lucretius dedicated his poem to him.

_Lucretius._

MEMNON.

The beautiful son of Tithonus and Eos. He was sent by his father to assist in the Trojan war and slew Antilochus, but was himself killed by Achilles; whereupon his mother besought Jupiter to immortalize his memory. This, however, did not calm her sorrow, for she bears witness to her weeping in the dews of the morning. A colossal statue of king Amenophis built near Thebes, and which was said to emit a musical sound at dawn, was given the name of Memnon.

Thro’ which the lights, rose, amber, emerald, blue,
Flush’d in her temples and her eyes,
And from her lips, as morn from Memnon drew
Rivers of melodies.

_Palace of Art_;
_The Princess_.

MENŒCEUS.

A young Theban, son of Creon. During the siege of Thebes, Tiresias prophesied that victory would ensue on the side of Thebes if the wrath of the god Arês was pacified by a descendant of the warriors that had sprung from the dragon’s teeth sown by Cadmus (_q.v._) at the well of the Dircê being sacrificed. Menœceus, one of the last of the race, slew himself on the wall and his body fell down into the cave which had been the haunt of the dragon.

_Tiresias._

MEN-TOMMIES.

= Sweet-hearts.

_Spinster’s Sweet-Arts._

MERCURY.

The Italian god of commerce.

_Lucretius_;
_Lover’s Tale_.

MERIDES.

The personification of the noonday sun. The name of a knight--one of four brothers--who kept the passages of Castle Perilous, where the lady Lyonors was held captive, and who was overthrown by sir Gareth.

_Gareth and Lynette._

MERLE.

= The blackbird.

_Gareth and Lynette_;
_The Foresters_.

MERLIN.

The magician of Arthur’s court. He is supposed to have been a bard, born about the year 470 +A.D.+, and adopted the name of Ambrose. He first served the British chief Ambrosius Aurelianus, and afterwards king Arthur.

and one
Is Merlin, the wise man that ever served
King Uther thro’ his magic art;

In 457 +A.D.+, after the defeat of the Saxons under Hengist, Merlin conveyed great stones from Ireland to England, and set them up at Stonehenge as a monument to the British chiefs who had been slain by Hengist, where they still remain.

How _Merlin_ by his skill, and Magiques wondrous might,
From _Ireland_ hither brought the _Stonehenge_ in a night:

Drayton: _Polyolbion, Fourth Song._

He received king Arthur after his birth and handed him to sir Anton to bring him up.

Wherefore Merlin took the child
And gave him to Sir Anton, an old knight,
And ancient friend of Uther; and his wife
Nursed the young prince, and rear’d him with her own;
And no man knew.

He afterwards made the Round Table at Camelot to seat 150 knights and built a castle to accommodate the magic table.

‘O brother, had you known our mighty hall,
Which Merlin built for Arthur long ago!
For all the sacred mount of Camelot,
And all the dim rich city, roof by roof,
Tower after tower, spire beyond spire,

Various accounts are given as to the manner of his death, but Tennyson says that his fair mistress Vivien (_q.v._), who never left his side, followed him to the wild woods of Broceliande where she induced him by craft to reveal to her the secret of his magic strength. Having learnt this, Vivien confined him in a hollow tower from which there was no escape.

And then she follow’d Merlin all the way,
Ev’n to the wild woods of Broceliande.
For Merlin once had told her of a charm,
The which if any wrought on any one
With woven paces and with waving arms,
The man so wrought on ever seem’d to lie
Closed in the four walls of a hollow tower,
From which was no escape for evermore.

_Morte d’Arthur_;
_Coming of Arthur_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Holy Grail_;
_Pelleas and Ettarre_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Passing of Arthur_;
_Merlin and the Gleam_.

MERSEY.

And here, new-comers in an ancient hold,
New-comers from the Mersey, millionaires,
Here lived the Hills.

= The river Mersey.

_Edwin Morris._

METHUSALEH.

Eh! if I could ha’ gone on wi’ the plowin’ nobbut the smell o’ the
mou’d ’ud ha’ maäde ma live as long as Jerusalem.

_Eva._ Methusaleh, father.

_Promise of May._

MEW.

= A sea-gull.

_Sea Fairies_;
_The Princess_.

MEXICO.

A republic of North America.

_Mine be the strength_;
_Queen Mary_.

MICHAËL.

An archangel, and leader of the heavenly host, who drove the rebel angels out of heaven.

_Last Tournament._

MICHAEL ANGELO.

A famous Italian sculptor, painter and poet.

_In Memoriam._

MILAN.

A city of northern Italy, and capital of the province of Milan.

_The Daisy_;
_Queen Mary_.

MILLY.

Servant to farmer Dobson.

_Promise of May._

MILTON.

Poet (1608-1674).

_Palace of Art_;
_Milton_;
_Romney’s Remorse_.

MINNETH.

The chief city of the Ammonites.

And he smote them from Aroer, even till thou come to Minnith. _Judges
xi. 33._

_Dream of Fair Women._

MINNIE.

Minnie and Winnie
Slept in a shell.
Sleep, little ladies!
And they slept well.

_Minnie and Winnie._

MINNOW.

A small fresh-water fish.

_Miller’s Daughter._

MIRIAM.

And highest, among the statues, statue-like ween a cymbal’d Miriam
and a Jael,

Sister of Moses and Aaron, and a prophetess. After the passage of the Red Sea she took a cymbal in her hand, and followed by the whole female population of Israel sang a song of thanksgiving to God for having delivered Israel from the Egyptians. _Exodus xv. 20-21._

_The Princess._

MIRIAM. MIRIAM ERNE.

Cousin of Muriel Erne, in whose company she was often to be found, Muriel fishing and Miriam sketching by a certain brook. Miriam married, but died during the first year of her married life, leaving a little daughter also called Miriam.

_The Ring._

MIRIAM. MIRIAM LANE.

The landlady of the village tavern in _Enoch Arden_.

_Enoch Arden._

MISERERE MEI.

Then knelt and said the Miserere Mei--
But all in English, mark you; rose again,

The Fifty-first psalm.

_Queen Mary._

MISTLETOE.

A parasite plant or shrub, which grows on different trees. When found upon the oak it was regarded by the Druids as an object of superstition.

_Day-Dream._

MIZPEH.

The daughter of the warrior Gileadite,
A maiden pure; as when she went along
From Mizpeh’s tower’d gate with welcome light,
With timbrel and with song.

_See Judges xi. 34-36._

_Dream of Fair Women._

MNEMOSYNÊ.

In Greek Mythology, the goddess of memory and mother of the muses.

_The Princess._

MOAB.

and a hundred meres
About it, as the water Moab saw
Come round by the East,

_See 2 Kings iii. 22._

_Last Tournament._

MOCK-HYMEN.

_See_ =Hymen=.

MODRED.

Son of Lot, king of Orkney, and Bellicent, daughter of Gorloïs and Ygerne, and brother of sir Gawain and sir Gareth. His name signifies ‘Biter,’ which represents the serpent of which king Arthur was by Merlin warned to beware. When king Arthur (_q.v._) was absent on a campaign abroad he left Modred regent; but he usurped the kingdom and tried to wed Guinevere the queen. Upon Arthur learning the news he returned and in the ‘last weird battle in the west’ Modred was slain and Arthur also received his death-wound.

_Coming of Arthur_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Pelleas and Ettarre_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Guinevere_;
_Passing of Arthur_.

MOLE.

A small animal which burrows in the ground and casts up little heaps of mould.

_My life is full_;
_Aylmer’s Field_;
_Defence of Lucknow_.

MOLL.

began
To troll a careless, careless tavern-catch
Of Moll and Meg, and strange experiences
Unmeet for ladies.

A colloquialism for Mary.

_The Princess._

MOLLY.

Servant girl to an old spinster who had named all her cats after her former sweethearts. She seemed to induce Molly to believe her ideas.

That a man be a durty thing an’ a trouble an’ plague wi’ indoor.

_Spinster’s Sweet-Arts._

MOLLY.

One of the daughters of the new village squire, and described by the village wife.

For Molly the long un she walkt away wi’ a hofficer lad,
An’ nawbody ’eärd on ’er sin, sa o’ coorse she be gone to the bad!

_Village Wife._

MOLLY. MOLLY MAGEE.

_See_ =Dan, Danny O’Roon=.

MOLOCH.

Screams of a babe in the red-hot palms of Moloch of Tyre,

Refers to the fire god of the Ammonites, which was worshipped in Rabba, and to whom human sacrifices were offered.

First, _Moloch_, horrid king, besmeared with blood
Of human sacrifice, and parents’ tears;
Though, for the noise of drums and timbrels loud,
Their children’s cries unheard that passed through fire
To his grim idol. Him the Ammonite
Worshipped in Rabba and her watery plain,
In Argob and in Basan, to the stream
Of utmost Arnon.

Milton: _Paradise Lost, Book I, 392-399._

_The Dawn._

MOLOWNY.

A priest.

_Tomorrow._

MOLY.

A fabulous herb of magic power, said by Homer to have been given by Hermes to Odysseus to counteract the spells of Circe.

And yet more med’cinal is it than that Moly
That Hermes once to wise Ulysses gave.

Milton: _Comus, 636-637._

_Lotos-Eaters._

MONA.

While about the shore of Mona those Neronian legionaries
Burnt and broke the grove and altar of the Druid and Druidess,

The Roman name of the isle of Anglesey. Upon the occasion of the second Roman invasion of Britain, it was the only place where Druidism existed, which was finally destroyed by the Roman General Suetonius Paulinus in +A.D.+ 61.

_Boädicea._

MONACO.

How like a gem, beneath the city
Of little Monaco, basking, glow’d.

A small principality on the shores of the Mediterranean sea.

_The Daisy._

MONMOUTH (Harry of).

_See_ =Harry of Monmouth=.

MONNA GIOVANNA.

_See_ =Federigo degli Alberighi=.

MONTE ROSA.

How faintly-flush’d, how phantom-fair,
Was Monte Rosa, hanging there
A thousand shadowy-pencill’d valleys
And snowy dells in a golden air.

A glacier mass between Switzerland and Italy.

_The Daisy._

MONTFORT (Edith).

_See_ =Edith, Edith Montfort=.

MORCAR.

Earl of Northumbria and son of Alfgar of Mercia; joined his brother Edwin, earl of Mercia in his revolt against Tostig: and was defeated by the Norsemen under Hardrada at Fulford Bridge, near York, September 20, 1066. After the battle of Senlac he made submission to the Conqueror and was pardoned. In 1071 he joined the insurgents in the Isle of Ely under Hereward the Wake and on surrendering was committed to the custody of Roger de Beaumont; in 1087 he was imprisoned at Winchester.

_Harold._

MORE (Sir Thomas).

Son of sir John More and the author of _Utopia_. Succeeded Wolsey as Lord Chancellor 1529, but resigned the office (1532) because he could not support Henry VIII’s action in the matter of his divorce; with John Fisher, bishop of Rochester, was committed to the Tower for refusing to take the oath of supremacy; found guilty and was beheaded July 6, 1535; his body was buried in the Tower and his head exhibited on London Bridge (1478-1535).

_Queen Mary._

MORELAND (Emma).

_See_ =Emma Moreland=.

MORGANORE.

One of the petty kings overcome by king Arthur fighting on behalf of Leodogran, king of Cameliard.

_Coming of Arthur._

MORIAH.

After the day of darkness, when the dead
Went wandering o’er Moriah--

A mountain near Jerusalem where king Solomon built the temple. _2 Chronicles, chap. iii._

The wandering of the dead after the crucifixion is referred to in _St. Matthew xxvii. 50-53_.

_Holy Grail_;
_Columbus_.

MORRIS (Edwin).

_See_ =Edwin, Edwin Morris=.

MORRISON (Mary).

_See_ =Mary, Mary Morrison=.

MORS.

An infernal deity, the offspring of Night.

_Gareth and Lynette._

MORVILLE.

_See_ =De Morville=.

MOSES.

_Tomorrow._

MOTH.

A family of nocturnal insects.

_The Princess_;
_In Memoriam_;
_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham_;
_Becket_;
_Promise of May_.

MOUNT OF BLESSING. MOUNT OF VISION.

And climb the Mount of Blessing, whence if thou
Look higher, then--perchance--thou mayest--beyond
A hundred ever-rising mountain lines,
And past the range of Night and Shadow--see
The high-heaven dawn of more than mortal day
Strike on the Mount of Vision!

_Ancient Sage._

MOUSE.

A small rodent quadruped, of the genus _Mus_.

_Mariana_;
_Aylmer’s Field_;
_Northern Farmer, New Style_;
_Maud_;
_Village Wife_;
_Spinster’s Sweet-Arts_;
_Owd Roä_;
_Queen Mary_;
_The Falcon_.

MOUNTAINS OF THE WORLD.

And came upon the Mountains of the World
And saw the rivers roll from Paradise

The description given by Columbus to the beautiful and fertile shore of Paria, South America, which he considered to have been the abode of Adam and Eve. He presumed that the stream of fresh water which filled the Paria, and sweetened the salt ocean in its vicinity being supplied by the fountain mentioned in Genesis, as springing from the tree of life in the Garden of Eden.

_Columbus._

MUCH.

The ‘miller’s son,’ one of Robin Hood’s band of outlaws.

_The Foresters._

MUGGINS.

A methodist preacher supposed to have preached a sermon on ‘Hell-fire an’ the loov o’ God fur men,’ when Sally and her lover the northern cobbler, first went to the meeting together. He was supposed to have had some influence over the cobbler in getting him to give up his habit of drunkenness.

_Northern Cobbler._

MULE.

A hybrid animal, generated between an ass and a mare.

_Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere._

MURIEL ERNE.

Muriel and Miriam Erne were cousins. The latter died leaving a little girl who was also named Miriam Erne. Muriel, out of pity for the lonely child, took her and nursed her, and in later years became the child’s stepmother.

_The Ring._

MUSCOVITE.

How long this icy-hearted Muscovite
Oppress the region?’

= a native of Moscow, or of Russia.

_Poland._

MUSES, THE.

Goddesses who presided over poetry, music, dancing, and the liberal arts. They were the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosynê, and were nine in number:--

Calliope: the Muse of eloquence and epic poetry. Her symbols are a tablet and stylus; sometimes a scroll.

Clio: the Muse of history. Her symbol is a scroll.

Erato: the Muse of erotic poetry and elegy. Her symbol is a lyre.

Euterpe: the Muse of music. Her symbol is a flute.

Melpomene: the Muse of tragedy. Her symbol is a tragic mask, or a sword.

Polyhymnia: the Muse of sacred poetry. She has no attribute.

Terpsichore: the Muse of choral song and dance. Her symbols are a lyre and the plectrum.

Thalia: the Muse of comedy. Her symbol is a shepherd’s staff, or a wreath of ivy.

Urania: the Muse of astronomy. Represented as holding a staff with which she points to a globe.

_The Princess_;
_In Memoriam_;
_To Virgil_;
_Dead Prophet_;
_Parnassus_.

MUSSULMAN.

= The Persian form of Moslem.

_Recollections of the Arabian Nights_;
_Romney’s Remorse_;
_Akbar’s Dream_;
_Becket_.

MYRTLE.

An evergreen shrub of the genus _Myrtus_. The ancients considered it sacred to Venus, the goddess of Love.

_The Islet_;
_The Cup_.

NADIR.

May this hard earth cleave to the Nadir hell
Down, down, and close again, and nip me flat,
If I be such a traitress.

Represents the lowest point.

_Merlin and Vivien._

NAÏAD.

In Greek mythology the Naïads were female nymphs, represented as presiding over fresh-water fountains and streams, and endowed with prophetic power.

_Leonine Elegiacs_;
_Adeline_;
_To E. L._

NAPLES.

A city of Italy and capital of the province of Naples.

_The Brook_;
_The Ring_;
_Queen Mary_.

NEILGHERRY.

yet the brook he loved,
For which, in branding summers of Bengal,
Or ev’n the sweet half-English Neilgherry air
I panted,

A mountain district in south India. It is a bracing district and much frequented by Europeans as a health resort. In some respects it resembles the climate of England, hence ‘half-English.’

_The Brook._

NELL. NELLY.

_See_ =Ellen=.

NELLY.

Daughter of the village squire.

An’ Nelly wur up fro’ the craädle as big i’ the mouth as a cow,

On account of this the village wife recommended that she must emigrate.

An’ saw she mun hammergrate, lass, or she weänt git a maäte onyhow!

_Village Wife._

NELSON.

Horatio, Lord Nelson.

_The Fleet._

NEMESIS.

and some great Nemesis
Break from a darken’d future, crown’d with fire,

In Greek mythology the goddess of moral justice and the personification of Divine retribution. According to Hesiod she is the daughter of Night, and with Aidos, the divinity of modesty, left the earth on the advent of the iron age. Her statue at Athens is said to have been executed by Phidias, the greatest sculptor the world has ever seen, out of a block of Parian marble which Darius brought from Persia, and which he had intended to set up in Athens as a monument of his victory over the Greeks at Marathon. It was used instead to record his defeat.

_The Princess._

NENE.

_Becket._ Where is the King?

_Roger of York._ Gone hawking on the Nene

A river which has its source in Northamptonshire, and enters the North Sea by the Wash.

_Becket._

NERONIAN.

While about the shore of Mona those Neronian legionaries
Burnt and broke the grove and altar of the Druid and Druidess,

Refers to the Roman army under Suetonius Paulinus who destroyed the Druidical power in the Isle of Mona (Anglesey) +A.D.+ 61.

_Boädicea._

NETHERLANDS.

= The low countries.

_Queen Mary._

NEW ENGLAND.

A name applied to the former British possession in North America, and now comprising the States of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. The inhabitants are descendants of English Puritans. Captain John Smith made an extensive exploration of the region in 1614, and suggested that it should be called ‘New England.’

_Hands All Round._

NEW FOREST.

A royal forest of England, enclosed by William the Conqueror, and situated in the south-western portion of Hampshire. Contains the Rufus stone marking the traditional site of the death of William II.

_Sisters (Evelyn and Edith)._

NEWFOUNDLAND (dog).

_Aylmer’s Field._

NICHOLAS (Saint).

Patron saint of Russia; was bishop of Myra in Lycia, and suffered persecution under Diocletian. Children, especially schoolboys, are regarded as being under his guardianship, and he still survives in the Santa Claus of Christmas rejoicings.

_The Foresters._

NICHOLAS. NICHOLAS HEATH.

Archbishop of York and Lord Chancellor; fellow of Christ’s College, Cambridge, 1521, and of Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1524, vicar of Hever 1531-32, and in 1534 appointed archdeacon of Stafford. Created bishop of Rochester, 1539; and in 1542 succeeded Latimer in the see of Worcester, but was deprived in 1551. On the accession of Mary was restored to Worcester, and subsequently elected archbishop of York, vacant by the deprivation of archbishop Holgate. In 1556 he was appointed Lord Chancellor. On the death of Mary he proclaimed Elizabeth in the House of Lords, and for a short time continued to hold the office of Chancellorship. Was deprived of his archbishoprick for refusing to take the oath of supremacy and committed to the Tower, but was subsequently set at liberty on giving an undertaking not to interfere in Church and State matters. He died in 1579, and was buried in the chancel of Cobham Church.

_Queen Mary._

NIGHTINGALE.

A small bird of the Passerine family. It sings at night and is celebrated for the sweetness of its song.

_Palace of Art_;
_Gardener’s Daughter_;
_Vision of Sin_;
_Poet’s Song_;
_Aylmer’s Field_;
_The Princess_;
_Grandmother_;
_In the Garden at Swainston_;
_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Balin and Balan_;
_First Quarrel_;
_Ancient Sage_;
_Demeter and Persephone_.

NILE.

O saviour of the silver-coasted isle,
O shaker of the Baltic and the Nile,

Has reference to lord Nelson’s victory at the battle of the Nile, August 1, 1798.

_Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington._

NILUS.

The Nilus would have risen before his time
And flooded at our nod.

Has reference to the annual overflow (July to October) of the river Nile.

_Dream of Fair Women._

NIOBE.

In Greek mythology the daughter of Tantalus, and wife of Amphion, king of Thebes. She had twelve children, six sons and six daughters, and she scorned the goddess Leto who had only two children, Apollo and Diana. These two children being indignant at the insult to their mother slew with their arrows all Niobe’s children. For nine days they lay in their blood, and on the tenth day the gods buried them. Niobe fled to mount Sipylos, in Asia Minor, where she was turned into a stone.

_Walking to the Mail_;
_Promise of May_.

NIOBËAN.

Has reference to Niobe (_q.v._) queen of Thebes.

_The Princess._

NOAILLES.

Antoine de Noailles (1504-1562), soldier and diplomatist.

_Queen Mary._

NOÄKS.

A notorious character, a poacher, who was supposed to have shot a keeper and according to the story told by an old farmer, was condemned and hanged.

Noäks or Thimbleby--toäner ’ed shot ’um as deäd as a naäil.
Noäks wur ’ang’d for it oop at ’soize--

_Northern Farmer, Old Style._

NOKES.

A character in _Queen Mary_.

_Queen Mary._

NOKES.

A farm hand.

_Promise of May._

NORFOLK (Duke of).

Thomas Howard, third duke of Norfolk (1473-1554), tried to suppress the Wyatt rebellion, but was unsuccessful.

_Queen Mary._

NORMANDY.

An old province of France of which Rouen was the Capital.

_Harold_;
_Becket_.

NORMANLAND.

= Normandy.

_Harold._

NORSELAND.

= Scandinavia, but more particularly Norway.

_Harold._

NORTHAMPTON.

_Becket._ On a Tuesday was I born, and on a Tuesday
Baptized; and on a Tuesday did I fly
Forth from Northampton; on a Tuesday pass’d
From England into bitter banishment;

In 1164 Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, was summoned by Henry II to a Council at Northampton to give an account of the various sums of monies received by him during the time he held the office of Lord Chancellor. Judgment being given against him, Becket left the palace, and stealing away by night, reached Sandwich, and thence by boat to Flanders.

_Becket._

NORTH-SEA.

_Lancelot and Elaine._

NORTHUMBERLAND.

_See_ =Northumbria=.

_Coming of Arthur_;
_Harold_.

NORTHUMBERLAND (Earl of).

John Dudley, first duke of Northumberland; executed (1553) for resisting the accession of Mary to the throne. His son lord Guildford Dudley was married to lady Jane Grey.

_Queen Mary._

NORTHUMBRIA.

An ancient British kingdom reaching from the Humber to the Firth of Forth and from the North Sea westward to the Celtic Strathclyde. It was founded by Ida in 547.

_Harold._

NORWAY.

but came
As night to him that sitting on a hill
Sees the midsummer, midnight, Norway sun
Set into sunrise; then we moved away.

Has reference to the Aurora Borealis, or Northern Lights.

_The Princess._

NORWAY (King of).

_See_ =Hardrada=.

NORWAY.

The northernmost country of Europe.

_Harold._

NOTTINGHAM.

_The Foresters._

NOX.

In Greek mythology the goddess of night.

_Gareth and Lynette._

NUDD.

Father of Edyrn (_q.v._).

_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Geraint and Enid_.

OAF.

A changeling left by the fairies.

_The Foresters._

OAK. OAK-TREE.

A tree of about 300 species.

_Buonaparte_;
_Talking Oak_;
_Amphion_;
_Lord of Burleigh_;
_Aylmer’s Field_;
_The Princess_;
_Boädicea_;
_In Memoriam_;
_Geraint and Enid_;
_Balin and Balan_;
_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Hands all Round_;
_To Mary Boyle_;
_The Oak_;
_The Tourney_;
_Claribel_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_The Cup_;
_The Foresters_.

OBALISQUE.

A name given to a female slave in the Turkish harem.

_The Princess._

OBERON.

King of the Fairies. He is one of the characters in Shakespeare’s _Midsummer-Night’s Dream_.

_The Foresters._

ODIN.

or Wodin, the chief god of the Teutonic tribes. His seat was Hlidskialf in Asgard and he held his court in Walhalla (_q.v._), where the warriors slain in battle spent their future existence. He was attended by two black ravens, Hugun and Munin, representing Thought and Memory respectively.

_The Victim._

ODO.

Half-brother of William the Conqueror, who created him bishop of Bayeux in 1049. Accompanied the Conqueror to England and fought at the battle of Senlac, for which service he was created earl of Kent and rewarded with Dover Castle. During William’s absence from England was viceroy; built himself a palace at Rome, and even aspired to the popedom; arrested and imprisoned at Rouen. During the reign of William II he became the centre of conspiracy and was compelled to flee to Normandy. In 1085 was present at the proclamation of the first Crusade and in the following year accompanied duke Robert of Normandy as a crusader. He died at Palermo in 1097.

_Harold._

ŒNONE.

A nymph of Mount Ida, daughter of Kebren, the river-god, and the wife of Paris (_q.v._) the shepherd-prince of Troy. She was endowed with the gift of prophecy and told her husband that his journey to Greece would be his ruin. During the siege of Troy he was wounded by an arrow, and sent for Œnone, but on her arrival she found him dead and stabbed herself over the body.

And muffling up her comely head, and crying
‘Husband’ she leapt upon the funeral pile,
And mixt herself with _him_ and past in fire.

_Œnone_;
_Death of Œnone_.

OLAF.

St. Olaf, not while I am by! Come, come,
Join hands, let brethren dwell in unity;

Olaf II, king of Norway; wrested the throne of Norway from Eric and Jarl; endeavoured to exterminate paganism by fire and sword; excited disaffection among his subjects, who rebelled, and with the assistance of Canute overpowered him. Fled to the court of his brother-in-law, Jaroslav of Russia; by his help he tried to recover his throne, but was defeated and slain by Canute at Stiklestad. Was canonized in 1164 and is the patron saint of Norway (995-1030).

_Harold._

OLDCASTLE (Sir John).

_See_ =Cobham=.

OLDHAM.

A farm labourer.

_Promise of May._

OLEANDER.

An evergreen shrub having clusters of beautiful red or white flowers.

_The Daisy._

OLIVE.

A tree cultivated in the East for its oily fruit. Its branches are the emblems of peace.

_The Princess_;
_The Daisy_;
_Maud_;
_Frater Ave Atque Vale_.

OLIVE.

And hear me swear a solemn oath,
That only by thy side
Will I to Olive plight my troth
And gain her for my bride.

= A girl’s name.

_Talking Oak._

OLIVET.

Mount of Olivet or Olives, also called Mount of Corruption. A rising ground to the east of Jerusalem over against the Temple hill, and separated from it by the Kidron valley. At its summit is the church of the Ascension, and on its west slope Gethsemane.

_In Memoriam._

OLIVIA.

Betrothed to a young Englishman named Walter. During his absence she spent much of her time beneath the boughs of an old oak-tree. When Walter returned, the oak-tree--supposed to be gifted with speech--gave him an account of her doings during his absence. In return for the information he vowed to make for his bride a bridal wreath of alternate leaf and acorn ball.

_Talking Oak._

OLYMPIAN.

From out the Ghost of Pindar in you
Roll’d an Olympian;

Has reference to an Olympian Ode, written by Pindar in honour of the victors at the Olympian games.

_To Professor Jebb._

OMAR.

that large infidel
Your Omar; and your Omar drew
Full-handed plaudits from our best
In modern letters,

Fitzgerald’s translation of _Omar Khayyám_, the astronomer poet of Persia.

_To E. Fitzgerald._

OPHIR.

but _had_ I brought
From Solomon’s now-recover’d Ophir all
The gold that Solomon’s navies carried home,

In his fourth voyage Columbus arrived at Veragua, and the amount of gold obtained from the mines of that district led him to believe that he had discovered the place from which Solomon obtained his supplies of gold. _See_ 1 Kings ix. 28.

_Columbus._

OPPIAN LAW.

for on one side arose
The women up in wild revolt, and storm’d
At the Oppian law.

_See_ =Cato=.

_The Princess._

ORAN.

A port in Algeria.

_Ballad of Oriana._

ORANGE.

A tree of the genus _Citrus_.

_Queen Mary_;
_Promise of May_.

ORANGE.

Was the capital of the small principality of Orange in France. Passed by marriage into the hands of the house of Nassau in 1531, and the first Nassau prince of Orange was the father of William the Silent. The principality was annexed by France in 1713.

_Queen Mary._

ORCHIS.

A genus containing ten of the British species of orchids.

_In Memoriam._

OREAD.

A mountain-nymph.

_Œnone_;
_Lucretius_;
_Maud_.

ORIANA.

Heroine of the _Ballad of Oriana_. As she stood on the castle wall, watching her lover go forth to battle, she was pierced through the heart by an arrow.

_Ballad of Oriana._

ORIEL.

She took her throne:
She sat betwixt the shining Oriels,
To sing her songs alone.

A recess in a room with a bay-window.

_Palace of Art_;
_Day-Dream_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Holy Grail_.

ORION.

In Greek mythology a giant and hunter, son of Hyrieus. He fell in love with Merope, daughter of Œnopion, but was struck blind by Œnopion because of his treatment of her, but recovered his sight by exposing his eyeballs to the rays of the rising sun. At his death he was placed in the heavens as a constellation.

Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades,
Or loose the bands of Orion?

_Job xxxviii. 31._

_Locksley Hall_;
_Maud_.

ORKNEY.

A group of islands north of Scotland.

_Coming of Arthur_;
_Harold_.

ORM.

Father of Gamel.

_Harold._

O’ROON (Danny).

_See_ =Dan, Danny O’Roon=.

O’SHEA (Shamus).

_See_ =Shamus, Shamus O’Shea=.

OSIER.

A water-willow, from withes of which baskets are made.

_Enoch Arden._

OUTRAM (Sir James).

Son of Benjamin Outram of Butterley Hall, Derbyshire. Appointed in 1840 a British Political Agent in Sind, and distinguished himself by his heroic defence of the British Residency at Hyderabad. Appointed Chief Commissioner of Oudh in 1843, and in 1857 joined the Persian expedition. During his absence the Mutiny broke out, and on his return was offered the commandership of the Lucknow Relief Force, but waived his military rank and acted as a volunteer under Havelock (_q.v._), who had already fought eight victorious battles with the rebels. After Lucknow was relieved he assumed the command, only to be in turn himself besieged, and relieved by sir Colin Campbell. Was rewarded with a baronetcy, a pension of £1,000 and the Freedom of London. He died at Paris in 1863, and was buried in Westminster Abbey where the slab on his grave bears the epitaph: _The Bayard of India_. Statues have been erected to his memory in London and Calcutta.

_Defence of Lucknow._

OUZEL.

One of the several species of thrushes, especially the blackbird.

_Gardener’s Daughter._

OWL.

A bird that seeks its food by night, noted for its howling or hooting noise.

_The Owl_;
_St. Simeon Stylites_;
_The Princess_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Balin and Balan_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Holy Grail_;
_Despair_;
_Forlorn_.

OWLBY.

He’ll niver swap Owlby an’ Scratby fur owt but the Kingdom o’
Heaven;

_Church-warden and the Curate._

OWLET.

A young owl.

_Leonine Elegiacs._

OXFORD.

A city and capital of Oxfordshire. It is the seat of one of the English Universities.

_Queen Mary_;
_Becket_;
_The Foresters_.

OXLIP.

A species of primrose.

_Talking Oak._

PADRE (Goan).

_See_ =Goan Padre=.

PADUA.

A city of Venetia.

_Queen Mary._

PÆAN.

An ancient Greek hymn, sung in honour of Apollo.

_Two Voices._

PAGET (Lord).

William Paget, first baron; played a prominent part in the plot to set aside the will of Henry VIII; joined queen Jane’s council on the death of Edward VI, but sanctioned the proclamation of Mary. Made Lord Privy Seal, but on accession of Elizabeth he relinquished the office (1505-1563).

_Queen Mary._

PALLAS. PALLAS ATHENE.

In Greek mythology the goddess of Wisdom, daughter of Zeus, identified with the Roman Minerva. She was produced from Zeus’ brain without a mother. The story is that Zeus in fear that a son stronger than himself would be born, devoured his first wife Metis, but Hephæstus clave open his head with an axe and Athene sprang forth in full armour, the goddess of eternal virginity. Her powers were equal to those of Zeus; she could hurl the thunder of Jupiter, and bestow the gift of prophecy. A yearly festival, called Panathenæa, was founded in her honour by Theseus, one of the Greek heroes. A magnificent temple called the Parthenon was built on top of the Acropolis at Athens in her honour, and a colossal statue wrought in ivory and gold, some thirty feet in height, was erected. Her attributes are the helmet, the lance, the round shield with the Gorgon’s head, the olive branch and the owl. When Paris (_q.v._) the shepherd-prince of Troy was appointed to decide which of the three goddesses (Juno, Pallas Athene, and Venus) was the most beautiful, and to which should be awarded the golden apple, the prize of beauty, Pallas attempted to bribe him by promising him wisdom.

‘Self-reverence, self-knowledge, self-control,
These three alone lead life to sovereign power.
Yet not for power (power of herself
Would come uncall’d for) but to live by law,
Acting the law we live by without fear;
And, because right is right, to follow right
Were wisdom in the scorn of consequence.’

* * * * *

Again she said: ‘I woo thee not with gifts.
Sequel to guerdon could not alter me
To fairer. Judge thou me by what I am,
So shalt thou find me fairest.

* * * * *

Here she ceas’d.
And Paris ponder’d, and I cried, ‘O Paris,
Give it to Pallas!’ but he heard me not,
Or hearing would not hear me, woe is me!

Paris decided in favour of Venus.

_A Character_;
_Œnone_;
_The Princess_;
_In Memoriam_;
_Achilles over the Trench_;
_Tiresias_.

PALM. PALM-TREE.

A tropical tree of many varieties bearing at the summit large leaves like the palm of the hand. A leaf of the palm, anciently borne was a symbol of victory or rejoicing.

_Arabian Nights_;
_Palace of Art_;
_Lotos Eaters_;
_‘You ask me why,’ etc._;
_St. Simeon Stylites_;
_Locksley Hall_;
_Enoch Arden_;
_Aylmer’s Field_;
_The Princess_;
_A Welcome to Her Royal Highness Marie Alexandrovna,
Duchess of Edinburgh_;
_The Daisy_;
_The Islet_;
_In Memoriam_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Lover’s Tale_;
_Columbus_;
_The Wreck_;
_To Ulysses_;
_Akbar’s Dream_;
_Harold_;
_The Foresters_.

PALMYRENE.

Zenobia, wife of Bedouin Septimius Odenathus, king of Palmyra. After her husband’s death she was appointed queen and conquered Egypt. She then aimed at the complete independence of the Roman empire but was defeated by Aurelian at Hemesa, +A.D.+ 272, and herself captured. She was taken to Rome, but was presented by Aurelian with possessions at Tivoli, where she passed the rest of her life in the society of her two sons. She was a beautiful woman, endowed with prudence and great courage.

_The Princess._

PAN.

In Greek mythology the son of Hermes and the god of shepherds. The Romans identified the Greek Pan with their god Faunus (_q.v._). He is represented with horns and goat’s feet; hence is derived the modern devil of Christianity.

_In Memoriam._

PANCRATIUS (St. Pancras).

Son of a heathen noble of Synnada in Phrygia. Being taken to Rome he was during the persecution of Diocletian executed, when only fourteen years of age. He is represented as the Latin saint of children, with a sword in one hand and a palm in the other. St. Pancras Station, the terminus of the Midland Railway in London, is named from the parish in which it is situated.

_Harold._

PANDORA-BOX.

This beggarly life,
This poor, flat, hedged-in-field--no distance--this
Hollow Pandora-box,
With all the pleasures flown, not even Hope
Left at the bottom!

In Greek mythology a beautiful woman whom Jupiter in order to punish the human race--because Prometheus had stolen the heavenly fire--constructed on earth. Jupiter gave her a box containing all human ills which, when opened, escaped and spread over all the earth, Hope alone remaining at the bottom of the box.

_Promise of May._

PANSY.

A species of violet.

_Gardener’s Daughter._

PANTHER.

A fierce spotted quadruped, allied to the leopard.

_Œnone_;
_Death of Œnone_.

PAPHIAN.

Paphos, a town in Cyprus, chiefly identified as a centre of the worship of Aphroditè, the Greek goddess of love and beauty. Aphroditè means ‘sea-foam’ and Paphos is the place where she is said to have landed after her birth from the sea.

_Œnone._

PAPHLAGONIA.

Have you alliances?
Bithynia, Pontus, Paphlagonia?

An ancient country in Asia Minor. The country was independent under Persian and Macedonian rule. It passed later to Pontus and subsequently became a Roman province, +B.C.+ 65.

_The Cup._

PARAGUAY.

A South American state.

_To Ulysses._

PARIS.

He groan’d, he turn’d, and in the mist at once
Became a shadow, sank and disappear’d,
But, ere the mountain rolls into the plain,
Fell headlong dead; and of the shepherds one
Their oldest, and the same who first had found
Paris, a naked babe, among the woods
Of Ida, following lighted on him there,
And shouted, and the shepherds heard and came.