Chapter VIII: Part 8

_Queen Mary._

HASTINGS.

A town and seaport in Sussex, near to which place was fought the battle of Senlac, 1066. On a hill near the town are the ruins of the castle built by the Conqueror.

_Harold._

HAVELOCK (General Sir Henry).

of Bishop-Wearmouth, Durham. Educated at the Charter-house, and in 1823 proceeded to India. Served with distinction in the Afghan and Sikh Wars and in the Persian Expedition. On the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny he was sent to the relief of Cawnpore and Lucknow, the latter of which places he entered on September 25, 1857. He was however in turn himself besieged, but held out until relieved by sir Colin Campbell. Almost immediately afterwards he was attacked by dysentery and died on November 22, 1857, and was buried in the Alum-Bagh.

_Defence of Lucknow._

HAVERINGATTE-BOWER.

The nightingales in Haveringatte-Bower
Sang out their loves so loud, that Edward’s prayers
Were deafen’d and he pray’d them dumb,

A village in Essex. It was the seat of some of the Saxon kings, and a favourite resort of Edward the Confessor. It abounded with nightingales--being a woody and peaceful place--and it is said that they sang so loudly that the king was disturbed in his devotions. The ruins of Edward the Confessor’s palace are still to be seen.

_Harold._

HAWA-I-EE.

One of the Sandwich islands. It contains the famous volcano Kilauēä, the crater of which is one of the world’s wonders, being nine miles in circumference, and which is filled with boiling lava which ebbs and flows like an ocean tide.

_Kapiolani._

HAWK.

One of a numerous species of rapacious birds of the family _Falconidæ_.

And where the two contrived their daughter’s good,
Lies the hawk’s cast, the mole has made his run,

Hawk’s cast = feathers, fur, and other indigestible matters ejected from the stomach by a hawk after it has devoured its prey.

_Poet’s Song_;
_Aylmer’s Field_;
_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham_;
_Harold_;
_Becket_;
_The Foresters_.

HAWTHORN.

A thorny shrub or tree, with small fragrant flowers. It is extensively used for hedges.

_May Queen_;
_Progress of Spring_.

HAZEL. HAZEL-TREE.

A shrub or small tree of the genus _Corylus_.

_Will Waterproof’s Lyrical Monologue_;
_Enoch Arden_;
_In Memoriam_;
_May Queen_.

HEAD (Edward).

_See_ =Edward Head=.

HEAGLE.

= Eagle.

_Owd Roä._

HEATH (Sir Nicholas).

_See_ =Nicholas, Nicholas Heath=.

HEATH.

A small evergreen shrub, growing on waste lands.

_Maud_;
_Coming of Arthur_;
_Pelleas and Ettarre_;
_The Ring_.

HEATHER.

= Heath.

_Romney’s Remorse_;
_June Bracken and Heather_.

HEAVY BRIGADE.

A brigade consisting of two squadrons of the Scots Greys, and the 2nd squadron of Inniskillings, commanded by sir James Yorke Scarlett which made the famous charge at Balaclava, October 25, 1854.

_Charge of the Heavy Brigade at Balaclava._

HEBE.

The goddess of eternal youth, daughter of Zeus and Hera; cup-bearer to the immortals, before Ganymede (_q.v._) superseded her. She became the wife of Hercules after his admission among the immortals.

_Gardener’s Daughter_;
_The Princess_;
_Romney’s Remorse_.

HEBREW.

‘And I went mourning, No fair Hebrew boy
Shall smile away my maiden blame among
The Hebrew mothers’--emptied of all joy,
Leaving the dance and song,

Among the Jews it was a reproach to women to be childless, as each hoped to be the maternal ancestor of the promised Messiah.

_Dream of Fair Women._

HECTOR.

Son of Priam and Hecuba, and chief hero of Troy in the Trojan war. He was a favourite of the gods, especially of Apollo. His chief exploits were his single combat with Ajax, and his slaying of Patroclus the friend of Achilles. In revenge for the latter deed Achilles stabbed him and fastened his body to his chariot, and dragged it three times round the grave of Patroclus, but Apollo preserved it from mutilation. The _Iliad_ of Homer describes the last meeting of Hector and Andromache, her lament upon his death, and the mourning of his mother, his wife and Helen at the funeral obsequies.

_Specimen of Iliad._

HEDGAR (Edgar).

_See_ =Eva=.

_Promise of May._

HEDGEHOG.

A prickly-backed insectivorous quadruped, able to roll itself into a ball so as to present the spines outwardly in every direction. It makes a hole or nest for itself a few inches below the surface of the ground, and is nocturnal in its habits.

_Aylmer’s Field._

HEDGE-PIG.

= a young hedgehog.

_The Foresters._

HEDGE-ROSE.

= the wild rose.

_Queen Mary._

HELEN.

‘Then, then, from utter gloom stood out the breasts,
The breasts of Helen,

Has reference to Helen of Troy, daughter of Zeus and Leda, and the wife of Menelaos, king of Sparta, who was carried off to Troy by Paris (_q.v._), the shepherd-prince of Troy.

_Lucretius._

HELEN’S TOWER.

Helen’s Tower stands on a hill on the southern shore of Belfast Lough. It was built for the purpose of enshrining the following verses written by lady Dufferin to her son, the great British diplomatist, on his coming of age in 1847:

TO MY DEAR BOY ON HIS 21ST
BIRTHDAY.

With a Silver Lamp.

_Fiat Lux._

How shall I bless thee? human love
Is all too poor in passionate words;
The heart aches with a sense above
All language that the lip affords,
Therefore, a symbol shall express
My love, a thing nor rare nor strange;
But yet eternal, measureless,
Knowing no shadow and no change;
Light, which of all the lovely shows
To our poor world of shadows given,
The fervent prophet-voices chose
Alone as attribute of heaven.

At a most solemn pause we stand,
From this day forth for evermore
The weak but loving human hand
Must cease to guide thee as of yore;
Then as through life thy footsteps stray
And earthly beacons dimly shine,
‘Let there be light’ upon the way,
And holier guidance far than mine,
‘Let there be light’ in thy clear soul
When passion tempts or doubts assail,
When grief’s dark tempests o’er thee roll
‘Let there be light’ that shall not fail.

So, angel-guarded may’st thou tread
The narrow path which few may find,
And at the end look back nor dread
To count the vanished years behind;
And pray that she whose hand doth trace
This heart-warm prayer, when life is past,
May see and know thy blessèd face
In God’s own glorious light at last.

In 1861 the marquis of Dufferin addressed to Tennyson a letter to the effect that he had erected on a hill in his park in Ireland a tower which he had named after his mother ‘Helen’s Tower,’ and that the only thing wanting to make it a perfect little gem of architecture and decoration, was ‘a _voice_.’ In answer to this the poet sent the marquis the following lines:--

Helen’s Tower, here I stand,
Dominant over sea and land.
Son’s love built me, and I hold
Mother’s love engrav’n in gold.
Love is in and out of time,
I am mortal stone and lime.
Would my granite girth were strong
As either love to last as long!
I should wear my crown entire
To and thro’ the Doomsday fire,
And be found in angel eyes
In earth’s recurring Paradise.[1]

[1] The fancy of some poets and theologians that Paradise is to be the renovated earth, as, I dare say, you know.

_Life of Tennyson._

_Helen’s Tower._

HELICONIAN HONEY.

Or Heliconian honey in living words,
To make a truth less harsh,

_Lucretius._

HELICONIAN RIDGE.

Part of the mountain range of Parnassus sacred to the Muses.

_Tiresias._

HELLSTOW.

He bad me put her into a nunnery--
Into Godstow, into Hellstow, Devilstow!
The Church! the Church!
God’s eyes!

_Becket._

HEMAN.

Son of Joel, and grandson of Samuel the prophet. He is called the musician, and was one of the three Levites--the others being Asaph and Ethan--in charge of the vocal and instrumental music in the second Temple.

sing, Asaph! clash
The cymbal, Heman! blow the trumpet, priest!
Fall, cloud, and fill the house--lo! my two pillars,
Jachin and Boaz!--

_Harold._

HEMLOCK.

The name of several poisonous herbs. In ancient Greece the punishment of death was inflicted by criminals being forced to drink a decoction of the hemlock.

_The Princess_;
_Lover’s Tale_;
_Demeter and Persephone_.

HENGIST.

The first Saxon king of Kent and joint-founder with his brother Horsa of that kingdom; arrived at Ebbsfleet from Jutland in 449 +A.D.+ at the invitation of Vortigern to help him in repelling the Picts and Scots; but afterwards turned against the Britons themselves and was defeated at Aylesford, 455.

_Guinevere._

HENRY (Bedingfield).

_See_ =Henry Bedingfield=.

HENRY (the First).

King of England, was the youngest son of William the Conqueror, and the first monarch of the Norman line who was English by birth. He succeeded his brother William Rufus in 1100, at which time his brother Robert was in Normandy. Soon after Robert invaded England, but agreed to renounce his claim to the throne. Robert was however persuaded again to resort to arms and Henry invaded Normandy, defeated him and brought him prisoner to England where he died in Cardiff castle, and Normandy was united to England. William, Robert’s son, however secured the assistance of Louis VI and the counts of Flanders and Aragon, and in order to defend himself Henry married his daughter Matilda to the emperor Henry V, and in 1110 defeated the French king at Brémule. Henry died suddenly at Rouen in 1135, and was buried at Reading.

_Becket._

HENRY (the Second).

King of England, eldest son of Geoffrey Plantagenet; succeeded Stephen in 1154. Through his father and mother, Aragon, Touraine, Normandy and Maine were added to the English crown; while through his wife, Eleanor--the divorced wife of Louis VII of France--he secured the provinces of Poitou, Limousin and Gascony. His reign was troubled by disputes between himself and Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in 1170; and Henry was obliged by the pope to undergo penance at the tomb of the archbishop at Canterbury. In 1170 he caused his son Henry to be crowned king, and three years later his sons, at the instigation of their mother, rebelled against him on account of his attachment to Rosamund de Clifford. In 1183 his son Henry died, and Richard, his third son, revolted against his father, and being supported by the king of France defeated him in Normandy. He died at Chinon 1189.

_Becket._

HENRY (the Third).

King of England, eldest son of John, whom he succeeded in 1216, when only ten years of age. He was of a feeble character, and during his reign Normandy and other French provinces were relinquished to the king of France. Civil war broke out, and from 1258-64 a struggle took place between the king and the barons, and at the battle of Lewes in 1264 Henry was defeated and taken prisoner, but promised to accept the Provisions of Oxford. At the battle of Evesham the Barons were totally defeated, chiefly through the courage of Henry’s son Edward, whereupon he deprived several of them of their estates. He cancelled the Great Charter and allowed the pope to collect tithes in England. By the treaty of Shrewsbury in 1267 Wales was pacified. He died in 1272 at Westminster and was buried in the Abbey.

_On the Jubilee of Queen Victoria._

HENRY.

Son of Henry II, born in 1155 and married at the age of five to princess Margaret of France. Crowned as his father’s successor at Westminster 1170, and again with his queen at Winchester 1172. In the following year he rebelled against his father, and fled to Normandy; became reconciled to his father in 1174, and eight years later made war on his brother Richard in Aquitaine, and afterwards on his father. He died penitent, of fever, at Martel at the age of twenty-eight, and was buried at Rouen (1155-1183).

_Becket._

HENRY (the Seventh).

King of England, son of Edmund Tudor and of Margaret, of the house of Lancaster. Henry, who was in Brittany, was invited to invade England to rescue it from the usurper Richard III, and in 1485 landed in Wales and marched to Bosworth in Leicestershire, where Richard was defeated and slain, Henry being crowned king upon the spot. He united the houses of York and Lancaster, by marrying Elizabeth daughter of Edward IV. During his reign a joiner’s son named Simnel, who pretended to be the young earl of Warwick, rose in rebellion, but was suppressed by Henry’s victory at Stoke, near Newark, in 1487. Some years later a Yorkist pretender from Flanders, named Perkin Warbeck, personated Richard, duke of York, who was believed to have been murdered in the tower, claimed the crown, but he was apprehended and confined to the Tower, where, with the earl of Warwick, he was executed (1499). Henry died at Richmond in 1509, and was buried in Henry the Seventh’s chapel, built by him in Westminster Abbey (1457-1509).

_Queen Mary._

HENRY (the Sixth).

King of England, son of Henry V. Being only ten years of age when he was proclaimed king, the country during his long minority was governed by the Privy Council. Charles king of France, dying soon after, the duke of Orleans encouraged by the minority of Henry assumed the title of king, under the name of Charles VII. Henry was crowned king of England at Westminster in 1429, and king of France at Paris in 1431; but the conclusion of peace between Charles VII, and Burgundy, and the death of the duke of Bedford brought ruin to the English arms in France. The siege of Orleans was raised by the French in 1429, inspired by Jeanne d’Arc; Normandy was lost in 1450, and in 1483 with the exception of Calais the English were expelled from France. The king being declared insane, the duke of York was made protector, and on Henry’s recovery York openly claimed the crown, civil war, known as the Wars of the Roses, broke out, and at the first great battle at St. Albans in 1455 Henry was defeated and taken prisoner. For the two succeeding years there was peace, York governing in Henry’s name, but in 1459 war again broke out, the Yorkists winning the battle of Bloreheath, but were defeated at Ludlow. In the following year the Yorkists won the battle of Northampton, but were defeated at Wakefield by Margaret, Henry’s queen, York himself being slain. In 1461 York’s son Edward gained a victory at Mortimer’s Cross, and although Warwick was defeated by Margaret at the second battle of St. Albans, young Edward was crowned at Westminster, and Henry fled to Scotland. After wandering for four years he was captured and imprisoned in the Tower, where after the defeat of Margaret at Tewkesbury, and the murder of prince Edward after the battle, he was murdered (1421-71).

_Queen Mary._

HENRY (the Eighth).

King of England, son of Henry VII, whom he succeeded in 1509 at the age of eighteen. In the same year he married Catherine of Aragon, widow of his brother Arthur, and the early years of his reign were very popular. In 1512 he joined the Holy League, formed by pope Julius II, and Henry invaded France, and having won several victories, concluded peace with the French king, Louis XII. During his absence James IV of Scotland invaded England, but was defeated and slain at Flodden Field. Forming an attachment for Anne Boleyn, he determined to divorce his wife Catherine, his plea being that she was his brother’s widow, and the divorce being refused by the pope, Henry assumed the title of head of the English Church. In 1522 Cranmer, who had been created archbishop of Canterbury, declared Henry’s marriage with Catherine void, and the king married Anne Boleyn, but some years later, on the ground of infidelity, she was executed, and Henry married Jane Seymour, but she dying soon after the birth of Edward VI, Henry married Anne of Cleves, who was in 1540 divorced. Henry next married Catherine Howard, niece of the duke of Norfolk, who was subsequently beheaded for infidelity, after which he married Catherine Parr, who happily survived him. During his reign the Reformation made great headway; statutes were passed by parliament completely abrogating the papal authority in England, and in 1535 an act made Henry the supreme Head of the Church. The monasteries were suppressed, but this act aroused discontent, and an outbreak known as the Pilgrimage of Grace, headed by Robert Aske, broke out in 1536. The rebels were defeated in Lincolnshire, but took possession of York, and marching on Doncaster were dispersed by the duke of Norfolk. In the following year they again rose, but were promptly suppressed and the leader executed (1491-1547). _See_ =Harry=.

_Queen Mary._

HENRY (the Second).

King of France, succeeded his father Francis in 1547. He married Catherine de Medici, but was largely under the influence of his celebrated mistress Diane de Poitiers, and the family of Guise. He formed an alliance with Scotland, and declared war against England which ended in 1558 with the loss of Calais, the last English possession on French soil, that city having been in the hands of the English for 210 years. Henry was accidentally wounded in a tournament held in honour of his daughter’s marriage, by Montgomery, a Scottish nobleman and captain of the guard, of which he died on July 10, 1559. It was his fixed intention to destroy all the Protestants in his dominions, and his sudden death preserved him from the execration which clings to the name of Charles IX.

_Queen Mary._

HENRY BEDINGFIELD.

A Privy Councillor, son of sir Edmund Bedingfield. On the death of Edward VI he supported the cause of Mary, and was appointed Constable of the Tower in 1555 in succession to Lord Williams of Thame, when the princess Elizabeth was committed to his keeping for supposed complicity in the rebellion of sir Thomas Wyatt. On the accession of Elizabeth he retired into private life.

_Queen Mary._

HENRY OF ENGLAND.

_See_ =Henry (the Second)=.

HENRY OF WINCHESTER.

Henry of Blois, brother of king Stephen. Abbot of Glastonbury, where he built a palace and abbey buildings; created bishop of Winchester in 1129, and procured the throne for his brother Stephen--whom he crowned--by guaranteeing the liberty of the Church.

_Becket._ Henry of Winchester?

_Henry._ Him who crown’d Stephen--
King Stephen’s brother! No; too royal for me.

Was suspended from his bishoprick for advising Stephen to forbid Theobald’s attendance at the papal council at Rheims in 1148, but obtained absolution three years later. Consecrated Becket as primate in 1162, and supported him against Henry II, and on his deathbed rebuked Henry for the murder of Becket.

_Becket._

HENRY (the Fifth).

King of England, surnamed Monmouth from the place of his birth, eldest son of Henry IV. Henry having laid claim to the French crown, left the kingdom in the hands of a regency, and invaded France, where he won, in 1415, a great victory at Agincourt. Three years later he married Catharine, daughter of the French king, and by the treaty of Troyes got himself appointed as successor to the French throne. One of the most illustrious men of this reign was sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham (_q.v._), a nobleman who had fought with success in France during the reign of Henry IV, and a friend of Henry V. Being a convert to Lollardism he was summoned by archbishop Arundel to appear before his court, and being found guilty of heresy, Henry had the unpleasant task of choosing between his old comrade and the Roman prelate, with the result that Cobham was condemned and burnt to death, December 1417.

_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham._

HERBERT (of Bosham).

Born at Bosham, 1162. On the election of Becket to the archbishoprick of Canterbury, Bosham was appointed his special monitor. Accompanied Becket to the Council of Tours (1163), and the Councils of Clarendon and Northampton in 1164. Went with Becket into exile, and returned with him in 1170, but returned almost immediately to France. He returned again to England in 1184, and died two years later and was buried in Bosham Church. He was the author of a biography of Becket.

_Becket._

HERB-OF-GRACE.

The common rue, a perennial suffrutescent plant, with a bitter taste.

_Queen Mary._

HERCULES.

My Eustace might have sat for Hercules;
So muscular he spread, so broad of breast.

Has reference to Hercules, son of Zeus and Alkmene, the typical hero of the Greeks.

_Dream of Fair Women_;
_Gardener’s Daughter_.

HERCULES.

_He_ fasts, they say, this mitred Hercules!
_He_ fast! is that an arm of fast?

Bishop Foliot’s reference to archbishop Becket.

_Becket._

HERÈ.

Wife of Zeus and the queen of heaven, whose sacred bird was the peacock. In Greek mythology the attendant at the banquet of the gods, whose food was ambrosia and whose drink was nectar. In Italian mythology she was identified with Juno (_q.v._).

_Œnone_;
_The Princess_.

HEREFORD (Bishop of).

Gerard, archbishop of York, sent by William II in 1095 on a secret mission to pope Urban, from whom he obtained the despatch of a legate and pallium. On his return was created bishop of Hereford, and crowned Henry I; translated to York in 1100; opposed archbishop Anselm in the investiture dispute, but was repudiated by the pope, and compelled to profess obedience to Anselm. He attempted to consecrate bishops, and on his death was refused burial in the minster, but was subsequently transferred thither by archbishop Thomas II.

_Becket._

HEREWARD THE WAKE.

A yeoman who made a gallant attempt to rally his countrymen against the Conqueror. He held the Isle of Ely for about twelve months (1070-71), and when William succeeded in encompassing the English, and penetrating their camp of refuge, he cut his way through the besieging army and escaped. His subsequent fate is not certain.

_The Foresters._

HERMON HILL.

A mountain on the north-eastern border of Palestine, over against Lebanon, and a great landmark to the Israelites. It is referred to in many instances in the Bible, and the mount on which Christ was transfigured.

The beauty that endures on the Spiritual height,
When we shall stand transfigured, like Christ on Hermon hill,

_Happy._

HERN.

The Heron.

_The Brook_;
_In Memoriam_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Geraint and Enid_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_The Falcon_.

HEROD.

Ah, gentle cousin, since your Herod’s death,
How oft hath Peter knock’d at Mary’s gate!

_Queen Mary._

HEROD.

And so she throve and prosper’d: so three years
She prosper’d: on the fourth she fell,
Like Herod, when the shout was in his ears,
Struck thro’ the pangs of hell.

Has reference to Herod Agrippa in _Acts xii. 22-23_.

And the people gave a shout, _saying_, It is the voice of a god, and
not of a man.

And immediately the angel of the Lord smote him, because he gave not
God the glory: and he was eaten of worms and gave up the ghost.

_Palace of Art._

HEROD-HENRY.

When Herod-Henry first
Began to batter at your English Church,

Refers to Henry VIII’s repudiation of the papal authority in England.

_Queen Mary._

HERON.

A large water-fowl, with long sharp bill and long legs and toes.

_Happy._

HESPER.

The personification of the evening star.

_Leonine Elegiacs_;
_Mariana in the South_;
_In Memoriam_;
_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After_.

HESPERIAN.

He smiled, and opening out his milk-white palm
Disclosed a fruit of pure Hesperian gold,
That smelt ambrosially,

The golden apple that grew in the fabulous garden of Hesperides the daughter of Hesperus, or Night, in Africa.

_Œnone._

HESPER-PHOSPHOR.

Sweet Hesper-Phosphor, double name

Hesper and Phosphor are two names for the same star, _i.e._ Venus as she is the evening or the morning star.

_In Memoriam._

HESPERUS.

The personification of the evening-star. The name of a knight--one of four brothers--who kept the passages of Castle Perilous, where the lady Lyonors was held a prisoner, and who was overthrown by sir Gareth.

_Leonine Elegiacs_;
_Gareth and Lynette_.

HETAIRAI.

But girls, Hetairai, curious in their art,
Hired animalisms.

A supposed primitive state of society, in which all the females of a tribe were held in common.

_Lucretius._

HETTY.

Daughter of the village squire, supposed to be weak-minded.

An Hetty wur weak i’ the hattics, wi’out ony harm i’ the legs,

_Village Wife._

HIC JACETS.

The first words on old tombstones--‘_Here lies_.’

_Merlin and Vivien._

HIDALGOS.

Spanish noblemen.

_Columbus._

HIGGINS.

A farm labourer.

_Promise of May._

HILDEBRAND.

Pope Gregory VII, born in Tuscany. His youth was passed at Rome in the monastery of St. Maria, and afterwards studying at Clugny became famous as a preacher. Elected pope in 1073; deposed by the emperor Henry IV, but Gregory retaliated by excommunicating the emperor, and finally compelled him to do penance. Gregory was however subsequently deposed in favour of Clement III, in 1080, by Henry, who besieged and captured Rome, but Gregory was liberated by Robert Guiscard, and retired to Salerno, where he died.

_Harold._

HILL OF HOPE.

‘Brother,’ she said, ‘let this be call’d henceforth
The Hill of Hope:’

_Lover’s Tale._

HILL OF WOE.

Last we came
To what our people call ‘The Hill of Woe.’

_Lover’s Tale._

HILLS.

A millionaire family.

new-comers in an ancient hold,
New-comers from the Mersey, millionaires,
Here lived the Hills--a Tudor-chimnied bulk
Of mellow brickwork on an isle of bowers.

_Edwin Morris._

HISPANIOLA.

The largest of the West Indian Islands, now known by the name of Hayti, discovered by Columbus in 1492. In 1697 the island was ceded to France, but in 1791 after a revolution, the natives swept the island of all Europeans, and established a republican form of government.

_Columbus._

HO.

they swerved and brake
Flying, and Arthur call’d to stay the brands
That hack’d among the flyers, ‘Ho! they yield!’

A word used by the Heralds to stop fighting in tournaments in mediæval times.

_Coming of Arthur._

HOLLY.

An evergreen shrub, with hard, prickly leaves and red and yellow berries.

_The Princess_;
_Spiteful Letter_;
_In Memoriam_;
_Pelleas and Ettarre_;
_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham_.

HOLLY-HOAK.

A rich luxuriant plant, a favourite in English shrubberies, with a great variety of colour in its flower.

_The Princess._

HOLLYHOCK.

A kind of mallow, bearing flowers of various colours.

_A Spirit Haunts_;
_Aylmer’s Field_.

HOLMES.

A clergyman present at the house of Francis Allen, on Christmas Eve, when a conversation on the decay of Christmas customs and the Christian religion took place between some college-friends assembled round the wassail-bowl.

_The Epic._

HOLOFERNES.

And, couch’d behind a Judith, underneath
The head of Holofernes peep’d and saw.

The Assyrian general in command of Nebuchadnezzar’s army. As he was besieging the town of Bethulia, Judith, a Jewish heroine, made her way into his tent and cutting off his head as he lay asleep, bore it in triumph to the town. The subject forms part of the apocryphal book of Judith, but it is not mentioned by Josephus, and is therefore considered spurious. _Judith_, a poem, the authorship of which is unknown, gives in some 350 lines the slaughter of Holofernes and Judith’s summons to the Israelites.

_The Princess._

HOLY CROSS.

_English cries._ Harold and Holy Cross! Out! out!

_See_ =Waltham=.

HOLY ELDERS.

Such times have been not since the light that led
The holy Elders with the gift of myrrh.

Has reference to the Magi who were led to Bethlehem by the Star in the East where they presented to the new-born Christ their offerings of gold, frankincense and myrrh. _St. Matthew ii. 11._

_Morte d’Arthur_;
_Passing of Arthur_.

HOLY GRAIL.

The vessel made of emerald stone, said to have been used by Christ at the last supper, and in which Joseph of Arimathæa caught some of the blood that flowed from His wounds on Calvary.

The cup, the cup itself from which our Lord
Drank at the last sad supper.

The story is, that after Joseph of Arimathæa had begged the body of Christ he followed Philip to Gaul as a preacher, and being sent across the Channel to carry the gospel into Britain, came to Glastonbury in Somersetshire. He brought with him the dish which was eventually lost, and the quest of the Grail was undertaken by several knights of the Round Table. As the Knights were seated at the Round Table at Camelot, a noise as of thunder was heard and the palace shook, and there came from the beam a vision of the Holy Grail, covered with white samite and borne by invisible hands; all the knights heard the noise, but only sir Galahad the pure was permitted to see it with his bodily eyes, after which it was borne away to the holy heavens.

The Cathedral of Genoa is supposed to contain the Holy Grail. It is a shallow basin made of dark green glass, and was for centuries regarded as an emerald. It was brought to Genoa in 1101 +A.D.+ by Guglielmo Embriaco, a native of Genoa and a Crusader. Embriaco invented the movable wooden towers used at the siege and capture of Jerusalem in the First Crusade.

_Sir Galahad_;
_Holy Grail_.

HOLY LAND.

= Palestine.

_In Memoriam_;
_Lover’s Tale_;
_Happy_;
_The Foresters_.

HOLY ROOD.

The cross or crucifix fixed over the entrance to the chancel of a church.

_Harold_;
_Queen Mary_;
_Becket_;
_The Foresters_.

HOLY SEPULCHRE.

whereon I vow’d
That, if our Princes harken’d to my prayer,
Whatever wealth I brought from that new world,
Should, in this old, be consecrate to lead
A new crusade against the Saracen,
And free the Holy Sepulchre from thrall.

The Sepulchre in which the body of Christ was laid.

_Columbus._

HOLY WAR.

The name given to an expedition carried on by Christians against the Saracens in the Holy Land in the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

_Happy._

HOLY WRIT.

= The Scriptures.

_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Holy Grail_;
_Queen Mary_;
_The Foresters_.

HOMER.

The great epic poet of Greece, and author of the _Iliad_ and the _Odyssey_.

_The Princess_;
_On Translations of Homer_;
_Epilogue_;
_Parnassus_.

HOMERIC.

these twelve books of mine
Were faint Homeric echoes, nothing-worth.

Has reference to the poetry of Homer the famous Greek poet.

_The Epic._

HONEYSUCKLE.

A flowering plant with cream-coloured flowers.

_May Queen_;
_Aylmer’s Field_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_City Child_.

HONG-KONG.

Clag-cloister; Anatolian Ghost;
Hong-Kong, Karnac, and the rest.

= the three cities.

_To Ulysses._

HONORIUS.

but echo’d on to reach
Honorius, till he heard them, and decreed
That Rome no more should wallow in this old lust
Of Paganism, and make her festal hour
Dark with the blood of man who murder’d man.

Flavius Honorius Augustus, emperor of Rome, second son of Theodosius. He suppressed the gladiatorial combats practised in Rome. It was during his reign that the persecution of the pagans began (384-423).

_St. Telemachus._

HOOD (Robin).

_See_ =Robin, Robin Hood=.

HOOPER (John).

Born in Somersetshire in 1518, and became a Cistercian monk at Gloucester. A study of the writings of Zwingli converted him to the reformed faith, and in 1550 he was created bishop of Gloucester by Edward VI, but was imprisoned in the Fleet prison for objecting to wear the episcopal habit. In 1552 he was made bishop of Worcester. On the accession of Mary he was committed to the Tower, and after eighteen months’ imprisonment was tried for heresy, condemned to death, and burnt at Gloucester, February 9, 1555.

_Queen Mary._

HOP.

A bitter plant, the cones of which are much used in brewing.

_Aylmer’s Field_;
_The Princess_.

HORACE.

The Roman lyric poet.

_Epilogue_;
_Poets and their Bibliographies_.

HORSELEECH.

_Golden Year._

HORTENSIA.

On the other side
Hortensia spoke against the tax;

In 44 +B.C.+ after the assassination of Julius Cæsar there was formed in Rome a Commission, called the Commission of Public Safety. This Commission, having declared war against Brutus (the murderer of Cæsar), levied a war tax on the wealthy ladies of Rome, but the eloquent pleading of Hortensia succeeded in the proposed tax being rejected. She was the daughter of the famous orator Hortensius.

_The Princess._

HOUGOUMONT.

this, indeed, her voice
And meaning, whom the roar of Hougoumont
Left mightiest of all peoples under heaven?

= Battle of Waterloo.

_To the Queen, II._

HOURIS.

Or thronging all one porch of Paradise
A group of Houris bow’d to see
The dying Islamite, with hands and eyes
That said, We wait for thee.

Seventy-two beautiful virgins of paradise, whose companionship, according to the teaching of the _Koran_, is part of the reward of every faithful Mohammedan after death. They are possessed with perpetual youth and beauty.

_Palace of Art_;
_Promise of May_.

HOURS.

But thy strong Hours indignant work’d their wills,

Three sisters, attendants on the gods.

_Tithonus._

HOWARD (Thomas).

_See_ =Thomas Howard=.

HOWARD (Lord William).

_See_ =William, William Howard=.

HOWL.

= Owl.

_Owd Roä._

HOWLABY BECK.

But I minds when i’ Howlaby beck won daäy ya was ticklin’ o’ trout,
An’ keeäper ’e seed ya an roon’d, an’ ’e beal’d to ya ‘Lad, coom
hout’

_Church-warden and the Curate._

HOWLABY DAÄLE.

An’ ’e kep his heäd hoop like a king, an’ ’e’d niver not fown wi’
’is taäil,
Fur ’e’d niver done nowt to be shaämed on, when we was i’ Howlaby
Daäle.

_Owd Roä._

HUBERT.

Lover of Miriam Erne, only child of the late Miriam Erne. Hubert was spoken of by Miriam’s father as the fairy prince. On the wedding morning Miriam asked her father to wish her joy. He replied,

What need to wish when Hubert weds in you
The heart of Love, and you the soul of Truth
In Hubert?

_The Ring._

HUGH.

An old knight who had fought at Agincourt where Henry V defeated the French in 1415. Walter, son of Walter Vivian, showed to some of his friends invited to spend the day with them, some of the articles which adorned his father’s house, and which had been collected from all quarters of the globe and at all eras of history. And ‘this’ he said, ‘was Hugh’s at Agincourt.’

_The Princess._

HUGH (de Morville).

_See_ =De Morville=.

HUMBER (river).

_Harold._

HUNGARY.

Shall I weep if a Poland fall? shall I shriek if a Hungary fail?

In 1848-9 the Hungarians under Louis Kossuth rebelled against Austrian rule, but, with the aid of Russia, were reduced to subjection.

_Maud._

HUNTINGDON (Earl of).

_See_ =Robin, Robin Hood=.

HUTTERBY HALL.

I could fettle and clump owd booöts and shoes wi’ the best on ’em
all,
As fer as fro’ Thursby thurn hup to Harmsby and Hutterby Hall.

_Northern Cobbler._

HYACINTH.

A beautiful bulbous-rooted flowering plant of many varieties. The hyacinth was fabled to have sprung from the blood of Hyakinthos, a youth killed by Apollo with a quoit.

_Balin and Balan_;
_Guinevere_.

HYADES.

on shore, and when
Thro’ scudding drifts the rainy Hyades
Vext the dim sea:

A Greek word meaning the ‘rainers’; and a name given to seven stars in the constellation Taurus; their rising and setting simultaneously with the sun is believed to be attended with wet weather.

_Ulysses._

HYMEN.

In Greek mythology the god of marriage, son of Apollo; represented as a boy with wings, and carrying in his hand the marriage torch and bridal veil. Originally a song sung at a Greek wedding.

Till Hymen brought his love-delighted hour,
There dwelt no joy in Eden’s rosy bow’r!
In vain the viewless seraph ling’ring there,
At starry midnight, charm’d the silent air;
In vain, the wild-bird caroll’d on the steep,
To hail the sun, slow-wheeling from the deep;
In vain, to soothe the solitary shade,
Aërial notes in mingling measure play’d;
The summer wind that shook the spangled tree,
The whispering wave, the murmur of the bee;--
Still slowly pass’d the melancholy day,
And still the stranger wist not where to stray.
The world was sad!--the garden was a wild!
And man, the hermit, sigh’d--till Woman smil’d!

Campbell: _Pleasures of Hope, Part II._

_The Cup._

HYPERION.

‘Look where another of our Gods, the Sun,
Apollo, Delius, or of older use
All-seeing Hyperion--what you will--

The name given by the poets to the Sun.

_Lucretius._

IBYCI.

And one an _uxor pauperis Ibyci_.

Has reference to the wife of Ibycus, a Greek lyric poet.

_Becket._

ICELAND.

An island in the North Atlantic Ocean.

_Harold._

ICENIAN.

An ancient British tribe who inhabited the present counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. Under their queen Boädicea (_q.v._) they rose against the Romans, destroyed the Roman colonies of Colchester, St. Albans and London, and slew 70,000 Romans, but were in turn defeated by Suetonius Paulinus the Roman governor of Britain.

_Boädicea._

IDA.

A mountain range in Asia Minor extending from Phrygia through Mysia into the Troas. It was the scene of the rape of Ganymede and the judgment of Paris, and the place from which the gods watched the battle between the Trojans and the Greeks. Zeus is said to have been born here, and it possessed a temple in honour of Cybele the Idæan Mother. The rivers Gramcus, Simois, Scamander and many other smaller streams have their sources in the mountain, hence Tennyson’s epithet of _Many-fountain’d Ida_.

_Œnone_;
_Lucretius_;
_Death of Œnone_.

IDA.

Heroine of _The Princess_, betrothed in infancy to prince Arac. On attaining marriageable age she determined to found a college for women, and rigidly exclude all men. She was essentially earnest and devoted to her cause for its own sake, and would undoubtedly have shrunk from no personal sacrifice which might have promoted the welfare of her darling purpose. In her position as head of the college she was the embodiment of majestic dignity, her voice resonant and divine and formed a striking contrast to some of the subordinate members of her staff. In founding the college her chief aim was for the betterment of woman’s position. She thought that the province of woman in the economy of nature was intellectual eminence.

Knowledge is now no more a fountain seal’d:
Drink deep, until the habits of the slave,
The sins of emptiness, gossip and spite
And slander, die.’

The prince put on woman’s clothing, and was admitted to the college as a girl student. The prince’s father declared war upon the father of the princess to enforce the marriage contract, and it was agreed to settle the quarrel by a combat of fifty warriors on either side; the prince was beaten and the college was turned into a hospital for the wounded men, most of the girl graduates being ordered home. The princess remained to nurse the defeated prince, with the natural consequence that in tending him she was drawn to love him, abandoned the college, and married her betrothed.

_The Princess._

IDALIAN.

Idalian Aphroditè beautiful,
Fresh as the foam, new-bathed in Paphian wells,

Idalium, an ancient town in Cyprus. It possessed a temple sacred to Aphroditè, from which she was sometimes called Idalia.

_Œnone._

IDEN.

And Thomas White will prove this Thomas Wyatt,
And he will prove an Iden to this Cade,

Has reference to Alexander Iden, a Kentish squire who slew Jack Cade (_q.v._) and brought his head to Henry VI, for which service he was knighted. Shakespeare in _Second Part of King Henry VI, Act v. Scene i_, alludes to it:

_King Henry._ The head of Cade! Great God, how just art thou!
O, let me view his visage, being dead,

* * * * *

_King Henry._ How art thou call’d? and what is thy degree?

_Iden._ Alexander Iden, that’s my name;
A poor esquire of Kent, that loves his king.

* * * * *

_King Henry_. Iden, kneel down.
Rise up a knight.

_Queen Mary._

IDRIS.

Himself beyond the rest pushing could move
The chair of Idris.

A mythical Welsh giant, whose rocky chair was on the mount of Cader Idris in Merionethshire. Tradition says that any one passing the night in the chair, would, in the morning either be found dead or endowed with poetical inspiration.

_Marriage of Geraint._

ILIAD.

The great epic poem by Homer.

_Parnassus._

ILION.

but in front
The gorges, opening wide apart, reveal
Troas and Ikon’s column’d citadel,
The crown of Troas.

= The city of Troy, built by the gods Neptune and Apollo, for Laomedon, the father of Tithonus.

_Œnone_;
_Tithonus_;
_Lucretius_;
_To Virgil_;
_Death of Œnone_.

ILLYRIAN.

Illyrian woodlands, echoing falls
Of water, sheets of summer glass,

The coastlands east of the Adriatic and north of Greece.

_To E. L._

IMMANUEL GOLDSMITHS.

A jeweller, whose shop was ransacked and ‘ower a hoonderd pounds worth o’ rings stolen.’

_Promise of May._

IND.

and bind with bands
That island queen who sways the floods and lands
From Ind to Ind,

= India.

_Buonaparte_;
_Queen Mary_.

INDIA.

_Milton_;
_A Welcome to Her Royal Highness Marie Alexandrovna,
Duchess of Edinburgh_;
_To the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava_;
_On the Jubilee of Queen Victoria_;
_Defence of Lucknow_.

INDIES.

= West Indies.

_Columbus_;
_Queen Mary_.

INNISKILLENS.

The second squadron of Inniskillings, who, with two squadrons of the Scots Greys made the famous charge at Balaclava.

_Charge of the Heavy Brigade at Balaclava._

INQUISITION DOGS.

To these Inquisition dogs and the devildoms of Spain.

= The Spanish Inquisition established in 1480.

_The Revenge._

IONIAN ARTEMIS.

_See_ =Ephesian Artemis=.

IONIAN FATHER.

And there the Ionian father of the rest;
A million wrinkles carved his skin;

= Homer.

_Palace of Art._

IONIAN HILLS.

There lies a vale in Ida, lovelier
Than all the valleys of Ionian hills.

May probably refer to the neighbouring hills of Mysia.

_Œnone._

IRÂN.

= The Persian empire.

_Akbar’s Dream._

IRELAND.

_Last Tournament_;
_Harold_.

IRIS.

But light-foot Iris brought it yester-eve,
Delivering, that to me,

The daughter of Thaumas and Electra. She was a virgin goddess and a messenger of the gods, and swift as the breeze with wings of gold. She was the personification of the rainbow.

_Œnone_;
_Achilles over the Trench_.

IRIS.

A genus of plants having showy flowers and bulbous roots.

_In Memoriam._

ISABEL.

Revered Isabel, the crown and head,
The stately flower of female fortitude,
Of perfect wifehood and pure lowlihead.

Has reference to Tennyson’s mother. The poem itself is a description of her.

_Isabel._

ISCARIOT.

That Pontius and Iscariot by my side
Show’d like fair seraphs.

= Judas, surnamed Iscariot, one of the twelve Apostles, who betrayed his Master for thirty pieces of silver.

_St. Simeon Stylites_;
_Queen Mary_.

ISIS.

For the drift of the Maker is dark, an Isis hid by the veil.

An Egyptian goddess and the goddess of procreation and birth, her symbol being the cow. Her principal temple was at Busiris in the Delta of the Nile. Several feasts were held in her honour, and there were also special mysteries of Isis, supposed to have been borrowed from the Eleusinian mysteries of Demeter.

_Maud._

ISLAMITE.

Or thronging all one porch of Paradise
A group of Houris bow’d to see
The dying Islamite, with hands and eyes
That said, We wait for thee.

= Obedience to God’s Will.

_Palace of Art._

ISLE OF FINN.

Go back to the Isle of Finn and suffer the Past to be Past.’

= Ireland.

_Voyage of Maeldune._

ISLE OF A SAINT. ISLE OF FIRE. ISLE OF FLOWERS. ISLE OF FRUITS. ISLE OF SHOUTING. ISLE OF THE DOUBLE TOWERS. ISLE OF WITCHES.

_See_ =Maeldune=.

ISLE OF WIGHT.

Yet one lay-hearth would give you welcome
(Take it and come) to the Isle of Wight:

An island in the English Channel.

_To Ulysses_;
_To Rev. F. D. Maurice_.

ISLIP.

A town near Oxford.

_Queen Mary._

ISOLT.

According to the Arthurian tradition there were two ladies of this name, Isolt the Fair, daughter of Anguish, king of Erin, wife of king Mark (_q.v._) of Cornwall; and Isolt of the ‘White Hands,’ daughter of Howell, king of Brittany, and the wife of sir Tristram (_q.v._). It is the latter lady to whom Tennyson refers.

_Last Tournament_;
_Guinevere_.

ISSA BEN MARIAM.

Issa Ben Mariam, his own prophet, cried
‘Love one another, little ones,’ and ‘bless’
Whom? even ‘your persecutors’!

= Jesus, the son of Mary, founder of the Christian religion.

_Akbar’s Dream._

ISSUS.

when her Satrap bled
At Issus by the Syrian gates,

A Cilician town, famous for the victory which Alexander the Great obtained over Darius, 333 +B.C.+

_Alexander._

ITALY.

_The Brook_;
_The Daisy_;
_To Dante_;
_Queen Mary_.

ITHACENSIAN SUITORS.

I ceased, and all the ladies, each at each
Like the Ithacensian suitors in old time,
Stared with great eyes, and laugh’d with alien lips,

Has reference to Penelope, wife of Odysseus, king of Ithaca, who, during the latter’s absence in the Trojan war, was beset by numerous suitors, assuming that Odysseus had perished in the war. Eventually, through the good offices of Pallas Athene, Odysseus returned, and relieved her of her perplexity.

_The Princess._

IVIN’.

= Ivy.

_Owd Roä_;
_Church-warden and the Curate_.

IVY.

A plant of the genus _Hedera_, with dark smooth evergreen leaves. The stem clings to walls and trees.

_Œnone_;
_Lotos-Eaters_;
_Day-Dream_;
_The Brook_;
_Spiteful Letter_;
_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Lover’s Tale_;
_Harold_;
_The Foresters_.

IXION-LIKE.

Shadows thou dost strike,
Embracing cloud, Ixion-like;

Ixion was the king of the Lapithæ, who attempted to win the love of Juno, but Jupiter substituted a cloud of her instead, whereby he became the father of the Centaurs, and whom Jupiter punished by fastening him to an eternally revolving wheel in hell.

_Two Voices._

JACHIN.

A brass pillar, signifying stability, at the entrance to Solomon’s temple. _1 Kings vii. 21._

I have built the Lord a house--sing, Asaph! clash
The cymbal, Heman! blow the trumpet, priest!
Fall, cloud, and fill the house--lo! my two pillars,
Jachin and Boaz!--

_Harold._

JACK.

The man employed by a farmer named Jocky Dawes to remove his household belongings from the farm as the house was supposed to be haunted.

_Walking to the Mail._

JACK.

And Jack on his ale-house bench has as many lies as a Czar;

_See_ =Czar=.

_Maud._

JACKSON.

A labourer to farmer Dobson.

_Promise of May._

JACOBINISM--JACQUERIE.

After madness, after massacre, Jacobinism and Jacquerie.

_Jacobinism._ The policy of the Jacobite faction opposite to legitimate government. _Jacquerie._ A name given to the French peasants who rose in revolt against the nobles during the absence of king John II of France as a prisoner in England in 1358, the leader of whom assumed the name of Jacques Bonhomme.

_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After._

JAEL.

And highest, among the statues, statue-like,
Between a cymbal’d Miriam and a Jael,

A Jewish heroine, wife of Heber the Kenite, who slew Sisera the captain of the host of the Canaanites, who after being defeated by Deborah and Balak near the brook Kishon, fled and took refuge in her tent. _See Judges iv._

_The Princess._

JAMES.

A friend of the poet Leonard, also spending a holiday in Llanberis. He had listened to the lines written by Leonard concerning the Golden Age, and added all in heat,

‘What stuff is this!
Old writers push’d the happy season back,--
The more fools they--we forward: dreamers both:

He declares:

That unto him who works, and feels he works,
This same grand year is ever at the doors.’

_Golden Year._

JAMES.

We flung the burthen of the second James.

= We got rid of James II, declared the throne vacant, and resisted him by force of arms.

_Third of February._

JAMES.

A Protestant who with others was assembled to see the burning of Cranmer, who at the time of the conversation was set upon a scaffold before the people.

_First Protestant._ See how the tears run down his fatherly face.

_Second Protestant._ James, didst thou ever see a carrion crow
Stand watching a sick beast before he dies?

_Queen Mary._

JAMES, ST.

_See_ =St. James=.

JAMES WILLOWS.

Cousin of Katie Willows, and also her lover--

James Willows, of one name and heart with her.

Katie and her lover quarrelled, and it was implied that the narrator, Lawrence Aylmer, of whom James was jealous, was the guilty person.

And James departed vext with him and her.

Lawrence, however, did Katie a good turn by engaging the attention of her father Philip, so that she and James had an opportunity of making up the quarrel.

‘Arrived and found the sun of sweet content
Re-risen in Katie’s eyes, and all things well.

_The Brook._

JANE.

_See_ =Jenny=.

JANE.

Daughter of Henry Grey, marquis of Dorset and a distinguished linguist. The duke of Northumberland, who had succeeded Somerset, compelled her to marry against her wish his fourth son, lord Guildford Dudley, and on the death of Edward VI had her proclaimed queen. On the accession of Mary she was sent to the Tower, and being condemned to death was six months later with her husband beheaded.

_Queen Mary._

JAPAN.

_To Ulysses._

JAQUES.

Our kindlier, trustier Jaques, past away!

Has reference to Jaques, a lord attendant on the banished duke in the forest of Arden. Is one of the characters in Shakespeare’s _As you like it_, _All’s well that ends well_, and _Henry V_.

_To Rev. W. H. Brookfield._

JASMINE.

A shrubby plant, bearing flowers of a peculiarly fragrant odour.

_Dream of Fair Women_;
_Aylmer’s Field_;
_The Princess_.

JAY.

A bird allied to the crow family with gay plumage.

_My life is full_;
_Progress of Spring_;
_The Foresters_.

JEAN.

A priest.

_Harold._

JENNY.

Cousin of the speaker in the poem, and to whose house she had come with the idea of making trouble between the speaker and her lover Willy. She partially succeeded, being seen one moonlight night taking a walk with Willy. On account of this the speaker suggested to her lover that they should part, but Willy said

Sweetheart, I love you so well that your good name is mine.
And what do I care for Jane, let her speak of you well or ill;
But marry me out of hand: we two shall be happy still.’

_Grandmother._

JENNY.

One of a crowd of women and children assembled on London Bridge, who were much against the marriage of Mary and Philip of Spain.

_Queen Mary._

JEPHTHA. JEPHTHA’S DAUGHTER.

Pale, for on her the thunders of the house
Had fallen first, was Edith that same night;
Pale as the Jephtha’s daughter,

Has reference to the daughter of Jephtha, who was offered up to God as a sacrifice. _See Judges xv._

_Aylmer’s Field_;
_The Flight_.

JEROOSILIM (Jerusalem).

_Tomorrow._

JERSEY.

The largest of the Channel Islands.

_First Quarrel._

JERUSALEM.

The capital of ancient Judaea, and of modern Palestine, and the scene of many important events in Biblical history.

_Columbus_;
_Becket_;
_Promise of May_.

JESSAMINE.

= Jasmine.

_Maud._

JESSMINE.

= Jasmine.

_Spinster’s Sweet-Arts._

JESSES.

Yet while they road together down the plain,
Their talk was all of training, terms of art,
Diet and seeling, jesses, leash and lure.

Two short straps round the legs of a hawk to which was attached the leash.

_Merlin and Vivien._

JILT.

Name of a horse.

_The Brook._

JINNY.

Daughter of the village squire.

An’ the fever ’ed baäked Jinny’s ’eäd as bald as one o’ them heggs,

_Village Wife._

JOAN.

A French maiden, born of poor parents. Professed to have been inspired to liberate France from the English; and in 1428 led the French army to victory, raised the siege of Orleans and saw Charles VII crowned king at Rheims on July 13, 1429. In the following year she was captured and sold to the English, and after being imprisoned at Rouen was brought to trial, and being condemned as a sorceress was burnt to death, May 30, 1431.

_The Princess_;
_Romney’s Remorse_;
_Dream of Fair Women_.

JOAN.

A country wife.

_Queen Mary._

JOÄNES.

Described by an old farmer, whose strength is fast failing, as being devoid of sense, and a person who could be more easily spared to die than the farmer himself.

A mowt ’a taäen owd Joänes, as ’ant not a ’aäpoth o’ sense,

_Northern Farmer, Old Style._

JOAN OF KENT.

’twas you
That sign’d the burning of poor Joan of Kent;
But then she was a witch.

Called the ‘Maid of Kent,’ born in 1506. When a domestic servant at Aldington she came out of an illness in a state of religious mania, and under the direction of a monk--sent by archbishop Warham to examine her--gave herself out as a prophetess who had received inspiration from the Virgin Mary. Events having falsified her predictions she was in 1533 examined before parliament, confessed the imposture and was condemned and executed at Tyburn, with other accomplices in April 1534. When brought to the scaffold she described herself as ‘a poor wench without learning, who had been puffed up by praises to her own undoing and that of her companions.’

_Queen Mary._

JOCELYN (Bishop of Salisbury).

No saying of mine--Jocelyn of Salisbury.

= Jocelin de Bohun, bishop of Salisbury 1142-1184.

_Becket._

JOCKY DAWES.

A farmer--tenant of Sir Edward Head--who removed from his farm as it was supposed to be haunted by a ghost

that shook
The curtains, whined in lobbies, tapt at doors,
And rummaged like a rat: no servant stay’d:
The farmer vext packs up his beds and chairs,
And all his household stuff;

_Walking to the Mail._

JOHN.

What amulet drew her down to that old oak.
So old, that twenty years before, a part
Falling had let appear the brand of John--

The tree had been branded with the letters I.R. (= _John Rex_ or
King), denoting that it had been so marked in the reign of King
John. The marks thus burnt into the bark of the tree had been
concealed from view by the overgrowth of fresh bark, which, falling
off centuries after, had disclosed the ancient brand.

Webb: _Notes on Aylmer’s Field._

T. J. M. writing in _Notes and Queries_, September 25, 1880, says: