Chapter XXV: Part 25

I do not doubt that the peculiar dialectics by which Bishop Dupanloup explained away all that was shocking in the Syllabus of December, 1864 (La Convention et l’Encyclique, Paris, 1865), might make out a tolerably fair line of argument to prove that the Tridentine fathers did not do what they meant to do. In the subtle insincerity which pervades the formulas of the Latin church, allowing either side of a question to be affirmed as opportunity serves, the formulas of Trent constitute no exception. Thus if the rule of celibacy were to be abrogated, I presume that it could be readily accomplished by doing away with the vow of chastity and assuming that the administering of that vow is merely a matter of discipline. The papal power to dispense from vows is likewise too well established to be called in question, as was shown by the decision of the council of Trent on that very matter. The Latin church, in fact, has ample resources to enable it to adopt any line of policy that its rulers may consider adapted to the exigencies of the present or of the future; and if it should, at any time, consider sacerdotal and cenobitic celibacy undesirable, I am perfectly willing to concede that it would find no difficulty in setting aside or eluding the Tridentine anathemas; yet none the less would those anathemas remain to show us what was the position which it occupied in the sixteenth century. Meanwhile it may be suggested to the orthodox who regard celibacy as merely disciplinary that the church holds both marriage and ordination to be sacraments, and that a definition that the two are incompatible and a decision as to which of the two must give way to the other can hardly in the nature of things, or by any rational use of language, be regarded as merely a matter of discipline. Those, indeed, who are inclined to take such view, may well bear in mind the fate of Panzini, who, regarding celibacy as a point of discipline, was condemned, in 1860, by the Roman Inquisition to twelve years’ incarceration for merely writing an essay, which never was printed, arguing in favor of its impolicy.

INDEX.

Abbey lands, disposition of in Germany, 434, 437, 439
in England, 454, 482
in Scotland, 508
confiscated in France, 589
in Italy, 609-10

Abbo, St., of Fleury, his martyrdom, 153

Abbot of Langdon, case of, 451
of Crossed-Friars, case of, 457
of Walden, his marriage, 463

Abbots, their marriage, in Hungary, 401
execution of English, 457

Abelard, his description of monachism, 264
his marriage, 269
his “Sic et Non,” 316
his answer to Heloise, 348
on abuse of confessional, 350

Abingdon, Abbey of, 167

Absalom of Scania, 252

Absolution, purchasable, in Manichæism, 44
marketable value of, in Rome, 356, 428
mutual, of guilty priests, 428
by partner in guilt, 346, 575-7, 633

Abstinence from women in pagan priesthood, 49

Abstinentes, heresy of, 33

Abuse of confessional (see _Confessional_).

Abyssinian church, customs of, 92

Accomplice, immunity of, 291

Acephali, 109, 115

Adalbero of Metz ordains sons of priests, 154

Adam de la Halle on Alexander IV., 334

Adam de Marisco, his labors, 292

Adela of Flanders, seeks to enforce celibacy, 260

Adela of Flanders, miraculous cure of, 404

Adelaide of Savoy, her interposition asked, 203

Adolph of Nassau, Archb. of Mainz, 412

Adorateurs de Jésus, 613

Adrian I. asserts the morality of his clergy, 135

Adrian VI., his views on priestly marriage, 422
reproaches Diet of Nürnberg, 424
on Luther’s abrogation of celibacy, 432

Adulphe, frère, case of, 637

Adulterous wives of priests to be put away, 39
of Huguenot pastors, 498

Adultery, clerical, habitual, 247
immunity for, 447
toleration of, in Mexico, 565
less objectionable than marriage, 627

Ælfric, St., of Canterbury, his canons, 172

Æneas Sylvius (see _Pius II._).

Africa, celibacy urged on, 66
introduction of celibacy in, 73
immorality in, 81
married bishops in, 89
Donatist monks in, 107

Agapetæ, scandals of, 41, 50, 54, 78
forbidden by Council of Elvira, 50
by Council of Ancyra, 54
by Council of Nicæa, 54
by Emp. Honorius, 55

Agde, Council of, in 506, 80

Age, minimum, for vows in early church, 100, 105
under Council of Trent, 587
in France, 585
in Tuscany, 587
under Pius IX., 611
for ordination under Council of Trent, 624
for resident women, 626

Agen, Manichæism in 1100, 207

Agnes, Empress, deprived of regency, 201

Agrippa, Cornelius, on the clergy, 415
on licenses to sin, 428
on character of Roman prelates, 429

Agudi, Father, case of, 607

Ain-Traz, Synod of, in 1835, 91

Aix, Council of, in 1850, 626

Aix-la-Chapelle, proportion of clergy in, 631
Council of, in 817, 138
in 836, 137

Alain de l’Isle on clerical morals, 321
on Waldenses, 374

Alberic, Cardinal, and the heretics, 370

Alberic of Marsico, his crimes, 153

Alberic of Ostia, Legate to England, 281

Albero of Liége permits priestly marriage, 247

Albero of Mercke, heresy of, 196

Albero of Verdun, his efforts at reform, 264

Albert II. (Emp.) fines concubinary priests, 396

Albert of Bavaria asks for clerical marriage, 531, 539

Albert of Brandenburg embraces Lutheranism, 366
founds kingdom of Prussia, 434

Albert of Hamburg on chastity, 181
his measures of reform, 189

Albert of Mainz seeks to restrain priestly marriage, 419
his proposed marriage, 434

Albigenses, heresy of, 207
attacked by St. Bernard, 331
their tenets, 367

Alby, extent of heresy in, 370
Council of, in 1850, 626

Alcobaça, Abbot of, head of Order of St. Michael, 365

Alcuin on disorders of Saxon nunneries, 165

Aldebert of Le Mans, licentiousness of, 264

Aldhelm, St., on virginity, 162

Alemanni, unchastity of, 118

Alexander II. seeks archbishopric of Milan, 209
his election to Papacy, 200
his estimate of Damiani, 186
suppresses the Liber Gomorrh., 188
he enforces the reform, 202
his discouragement, 204
he protects the Jews, 205
his two missions to Milan, 213
he authorizes war against marriage, 215
he sends legation to Milan, 217
his efforts in Spain, 303
his letter to William the Conqueror, 272
his death, 206
enforcement of celibacy attributed to him, 225

Alexander III. on married canons, 270
his efforts in England, 281
his endeavors at reform, 319, 321
he inclines to priestly marriage, 325
he confirms Order of St. James, 364
on hereditary transmission, 516

Alexander IV., his reforms, 333
on corruption of laity by priesthood, 350

Alexander VI., his character, 345
he grants marriage to Portuguese orders, 365
his patience with Savonarola, 386
he reforms the Benedictines, 403

Alexander VII. defines solicitation, 575, 576

Alexandria, disorderly monachism in, 106

Alfonso the Wise on origin of celibacy, 28
forbids priestly marriage, 308

Alfonso VI. (Castile) asks for a legate, 304

Alfonso VIII. of Leon, 306

Alfonso I. (Portugal) founds orders of Avis and St. Michael, 365

Alfonso I. (Naples) collects tax on concubines, 399

Alfred on chastity of nuns, 166

Allocution Acerbissimum, 609

Alphonso Liguori, St., on clerical corruption, 587

Altmann of Passau, his mission to Constance, 229
his enforcement of celibacy, 230

Alva, Duke of, enforces reception of Council of Trent, 553

Alvarez Pelayo, on Spanish clergy, 311

Amalfi (see _Melfi_).

Amandus of Maestricht, case of, 126

Amandus, papal legate to Spain, 304

Amboise, edict of, in 1562, 499

Ambrose, St., admits disregard of celibacy, 67
condemns Jovinian, 69
priestly marriage attributed to him, 250

Ambrose of Camaldoli, 393

America, Spanish church in, 563-66
(See, also, _United States_ and _Canada_.)

Ammonius Saccas, 39

Ammonius, St., his fortitude, 188

Anabaptists, the, 438

Anaclet, antipope, enforces celibacy, 342

Anastasius (Emp.), revolts against, 107

Anathema, nature of, 640
for disbelief in celibacy, 536

Ancarano, his opinion as to priests’ concubines, 339

Anchorite, estimate of chastity of, 348

Ancyra, Council of, in 314, regulates priestly marriage, 51
forbids agapetæ, 54
on vows of celibacy, 97

Andrea of Vallombrosa on Milanese clergy, 210

Andreas of Lunden on concubines, 197

Andrew of Tarentum, case of, 123

Angelric of Vasnau, case of, 142

Angers, clergy of, their demoralization, 394

Anglican bishops, regulations for their marriage, 489

Anglican clergy, popular contempt for, 476
restrictions on their marriage, 489
flexibility of their faith, 490
evil influences on their marriage, 494
their position, 497

Anglican Church, the, 444-497
Queen Elizabeth’s estimate of, 491

Anglican priests, manual of confessional for, 634

Anglican ritual, marriage service in, 476

Anglo-Irish church, disorders of, 298

Anglo-Saxon church, celibacy enforced, 162
disorders of, in 10th century, 147, 167

Angoulême, case occurring in, 269

Anjou, Council of, in 453, 79
in 1262, 1291, 1312, 332, 350

Ann of Cleves, her marriage, 470

Annates, increase of, by the Popes, 412
withdrawn by Henry VIII., 450

Anomalies, ethical, 269, 347, 627

Anse, Council of, in 990, 156

Anselm, St., on sacraments of sinful priests, 195
his reforms, 273
his death in 1109, 278

Anselmo di Badagio (see _Alexander II._).

Anselmo, St., of Lucca, his persecution, 222

Antealtaria, Abbot of, 308

Anthony, St., retires to the desert, 97

Anthony of Ephesus, crimes of, 85

Anthony of Prague enforces Tridentine canons, 534
heresy encouraged by corruption, 556

Antichrist, anticipation of, 394

Antidicomarianitarians, heresy of, 69

Antioch, Council of, 42

Antisacerdotalism of Vigilantius, 71
mediæval, 370 sqq.

Antoin, married canons of, 270

Antonelli, Cardinal, imprisons Panzini, 602
his daughter, 631

Antwerp, Synod of, in 1610, 557, 562

Apel, John, punished for marrying, 424

Apocalypsis Goliæ, 284

Apollinaris of Rhodes, 118

Apollo, celibacy of priestess of, 50

Apology for Confession of Augsburg, 436

Apostle, Junia the, 60

Apostolical canons on digami, 37
permit priestly marriage, 39
marriage honored in, 48

Apostolical constitutions on digami, 37
permit priestly marriage, 39
order of widows in, 42
honors rendered to marriage, 48

Apostolical Letter, Multiplices inter, 602

Apostoloci, heresy of, 97

Apotactici, heresy of, 33, 44

Appeals discountenanced at Trent, 538

Appeals to Rome, immunity caused by, 139
their effect, 322
forbidden by Alex. IV., 334

Ap Rice and the Abbot of Walden, 463

Aquinas, St. Thomas, on origin of celibacy, 28
on sacraments of sinful priests, 195
on vows, 321
on absolution by guilty confessors, 575

Arab monachism, nature of, 102

Arabic version of Nicene canons, 53

Aranda, Council of, in 1473, 400

Archembald of Sens, his evil courses, 153

Arechis of Beneventum, law of, 127

Aretino, abuses in church of, 147

Arfastus of Thetford, 272

Arialdo, St., seeks archbishopric of Milan, 209
raises question of priestly marriage, 211
is excommunicated, 212
procures excom. of Archbp. Guido, 216
his martyrdom, 217

Arianism, celibacy under, 120

Arith, Wm., on clerical disorders, 501

Arles, Council of, in 314, 51
in 441, 69,79, 105

Armagh, hereditary archbishops of, 296

Armagh, Council of, in 1854, 626

Armenia, hereditary priesthood in, 90

Armenia, Council of, in 1362, 90

Arnald of Brescia, heresy of, 195

Arnaldo de Peralta, his reforms, 309

Arnolfo, a reformer, fate of, 341

Arran, Regent, favors the Reformation, 507

Artemis, virgins for priestesses of, 50

Arthur of Britanny a canon of Tours, 307

Articles, Thirty-nine, clerical marriage in the, 490

Articles, Forty-two, clerical marriage in the, 475, 490

Articles, the Six, enacted by Parliament, 467
heretics burnt under them, 458
their modification, 471
repealed in 1547, 472
popular call for their restoration, 475
revived under Mary, 478
repealed under Elizabeth, 487

Artois, Council of, in 1025, 369

Arundel of Canterbury on Lollardry, 381

Asceticism, unknown to early Jews, 21
in Brahmanism and Buddhism, 23
in Essenism, 25
not encouraged by Christ, 25
tendency to, in Ebionism, 27
tendencies of St. Paul, 31

Asceticism, commencement of, in the church, 31
repressed by the church, 32
of heretics, 33
stimulated by the heresies, 34
and by influence of Buddhism, 35
growth of, in the church, 36
stimulated by neo-Platonism, 39
and by Manichæism, 45
combated by the church, 48
overcomes all resistance, 49
still voluntary in 4th century, 58
becomes obligatory, 59
reproved by Council of Gangra, 61
voluntary in the East, 84
severity of, in Armenia, 90
of monachism, 97
instances in 11th century, 227
spreads among the laity, 241
of Irish church, 160, 296
neglect of, in Spain, 307
mediæval, 347, 359
of military orders, 362
of Albigenses, 368
of Fraticelli, 377
of Wickliffe, 381
of Hussites, 383
exclusion of women from monasteries, 404
influence of, on solicitation, 574
in modern times, 612

Aschaffenburg, Council of, in 1292, 196

Ashera, worship of, 21

Assembly, National, secularizes church property, 589
legalizes clerical marriage, 590

_Assermentés_ priests, 590

Assideans, 24

Astorga, Bishop of, on Council of Trent, 539

Athanasius on priestly marriage, 58

Athenagoras on morals of Christians, 33
on second marriage, 36
on asceticism, 103

Athravas, hereditary functions of, 23

Atto of Vercelli on female ministration, 60
on dilapidation of property, 146
on married priests, 152

Attys, worship of, 50

Augsburg, the Confession of, 436

Augsburg, Council of, in 10th century, 55
in 952, 149
in 1548, 514, 525
in 1567, 561
in 1610, 549

Augsburg, Diet of, in 1518, 416
in 1530, 435
in 1548, 441, 524
in 1551 and 1555, 443

Augsburg Formula of Reformation, 524, 526, 528

Augustin of Canterbury, 161

Augustin, St., on Jewish high-priesthood, 22
on marriage, 47, 314
on marriage of nuns, 104
on Manichæism, 46
his testimony as to Jovinian, 70
he enforces celibacy, 74
on temporary nature of vows, 97
on wandering monks, 102
on danger of female residence, 138

Augustin, Rule of, adopted by military orders, 362, 363

Augustinians of Gloucester, suppression of, 457
of Nürnberg, secularization of, 425
of Saxony, revolution of, 420

Aunts, residence of, forbidden, 138, 628

Aurelius, St., enforces celibacy, 73

Auricular confession, commencement of, 566

Ausch, Congrès fraternel in 1793, 593

Ausch, Council of, in 1851, 626

Australia, Council of, in 1844, 633

Austrasia, reforms in, 130

Austria, enforcement of celibacy in, 251
efforts for clerical marriage in, 601
civil marriage in, 605
monastic orders in 1859, 615

Autun, Council of, in 690, 80

Auvergne, Council of, in 535, 80

Auxerre, Council of, in 578, 80
persecution of celibacy in, 593

Availles, case occurring at, in 1817, 635

Avellano, monks of, 186

Avesbury, nunnery of, its morals, 282

d’Avesnes, case of the, 323

Avignon, residence of popes in, 342
Council of, in 1594, 560
in 1725 and 1849, 626

Avila, his casuistry, 578

Avis, order of, 365

Avranches, Council of, in 1172, 319

Ayenbite of Inwyt, 348

Azzo, Archbishop of Milan, 218

Babueus grants marriage in orders, 92

Babueus excommunicates Barsuma, 92

Bachelors ineligible to episcopate, 38

Badegisilus of Le Mans, 118

Baden, petitions for clerical marriage in 1828, 601

Bahia, Council of, in 1707, 626

Baithusin, hereditary priesthood of, 22

Bale, Bishop, his writings, 473, 480

Bâle, Council of, 395
reconciles the Hussites, 382
clerical marriage suggested in, 406
canons of, affirmed in Scotland, 1559, 505
revived in Germany, 528

Balsamon on legislation of Greek church, 87

Baltimore, Councils of, in 1829, 1843, 633
in 1840, 627
in 1866, 627, 633

Bamburg, troubles of, in 1431, 395
Synod of, in 1491, 196
morals of clergy in 1505, 431

Bandello, Bishop, his novels, 430

Bangor, morals of clergy of, 463, 494

Baptism by immoral priests invalid, 162
repetition of, refused, 163

Baptisma igneum, 438

Barbarians, the, and the Church, 117-25
superior morality of, 82

Bardsey, Culdees of, 301

Bari, military bishops of, 180

Barnabite college at Monza, case of, 621

Baronius on Gregory of Nazianzum, 58

Barrios, Bish. of Santafé, regulations of, 563

Barsuma of Nisibi, case of, 92

Barsumas, Abbot, at Ephesus, 107

Bartelot, John, case of, 457

Bartholomew of Bracara, his demand for reforms, 534

Basil, St., his strictness, 84

Basilica of Leo the Philosopher, 87

Basilides, heresy of, 34

Bastardy increased by celibacy, 629, 631

Bathing, promiscuous, 41, 42

Baumgartner, Aug., his speech at Trent, 518

Bavaria, marriage of nuns forbidden, in 772, 135
demand for clerical marriage in, 442, 531, 536
clerical marriage after C. of Trent, 554
immorality of clergy, 16th cent., 548
abuse of confessional in, 570
proportion of clergy in, 631

Beards, clergy insist on wearing, 553

Beatoun, Cardinal, his immorality, 503
his proclamation of 1540, 511

Bede on Aaron’s linen breeches, 65
on the rule of celibacy, 161

Beggars’ Petition, the, 453

Beggars, legislation against, under Henry VIII., 455

Begghards, the, 376

Beguines, condemnation of, 377

Belgium, monastic orders in, 615
clerical attacks on public schools, 623
clerical morality in, 629

Bellarmine on story of Paphnutius, 57
his defence of celibacy, 581

Beltis, 21

Benchor, oratory of, 295

Benedict VIII. enforces celibacy, 178

Benedict IX., character of, 179
he sells the papacy, 184
is reinstated as pope, 187

Benedict XIV. approves of Savonarola, 386
on abuse of confessional, 577

Benedict of Camin on clerical morals, 401

Benedict the Levite on residence of female relations, 138

Benedict, St., of Nursia, 111
his example followed, 246
salvation procured by him, 335
rule of, becomes universal, 131
supplemented by Louis-le-Débonnaire, 136
adopted by military orders, 362

Benedictine order, saints in, 113
its services to civilization, 357
its morals in 15th century, 403

Benefices held by tenure of chastity, 311
bestowal of, on servants, 515
hereditary (see _Hereditary Transmission_).

Benefit of clergy for married priests, 291
extended to concubines, 339

Benevento, Council of, in 1693, 574, 626

Benzo, his account of Hildebrand, 197
his use of the term Paterins, 212
on Nicolitism, 238

Berenger of Tours on priestly marriage, 256

Bernald of Constance on Paphnutius, 56

Bernard, St., reforms effected by him, 265
miracle wrought by him, 266
on barbarism of Ireland, 296
his hymn on St. Malachi, 297
on dissolution of priestly marriage, 316
his defence of marriage, 331
on influence of papal court, 346
on the Albigenses, 368
on the Petrobrusians, 370
on Manichæan abhorrence of marriage, 545

Bernard of Font-Cauld on Waldenses, 374

Bernard of Tiron preaches reform, 258

Bernhardi, Bart., marries in 1521, 419

Bernhardus Baptisatus, his sermon, 391

Bertrand, St., of Comminges, miracle by, 269

Berytus, Synod of, in 448, 82

Besançon, Synod of, in 1707, 562, 576

Beverege, John, burnt, 510

Beza, Theod., on marriage in Anglican church, 489

Bèze, charter to monastery of, 265

Bhagavad-gita, the, 92

Bhikshus and Bhikshunis, Bhuddist, 94

Bigamy of priests in 10th century, 167
in 11th century, 172, 181
in 12th century, 247
caused by celibacy, 278
penalties of, for clerical marriage, 598

Bigorre, legalized concubinage in, 197

Bilio, Card., author of the Syllabus, 604

Bisantio of Bari, 180

Bishops, marriage of (see _Marriage_).

Bishops to be husbands of one wife, 38
number of digamous, 37, 159
their morality in Coptic church, 93
witnesses required for their chastity, 131
they are nominated by the Merovingians, 118
are held responsible for diocesan property, 123
their power increased by institution of canons, 135
wer-gild for their godsons, 162
their military character in 10th century, 153
in 11th century, 180
they are attacked by Damiani, 198
their lukewarmness as to celibacy, 233
penalties for tolerating priestly marriage, 242
their wives rank as countesses, 259
their children eligible to ordination, 298
female intercourse forbidden to them, 303
they sell licenses to sin, 389, 432, 559
concubinary, punishment for, at Trent, 538
opposing clerical marriage exiled, 594
their restoration of celibacy in France, 595
Irish, poverty of, 297

Bishops, Anglican, regulation for marriage of, 489
position of their wives, 495

Bishoprics, hereditary, in Britanny, 259
in Ireland, 296
created from English monasteries, 459

Blacater, Bishop, persecutes Lollards, 501

Bloodletting of monks, 138

Bohemia, priestly marriage in 11th century, 243
enforcement of celibacy in, 246
marriage in post-Tridentine church, 554
Waldensian refugees in, 375
Begghards in, 377
Hussitism in, 383
Orthodox Brethren in, 385

Bois-le-duc, Synod of, in 1571, 562
in 1612, 558

Boisset, permission to marry refused to him, 597

Bologna, Cossa as Legate in, 344

Bologna, Council of Trent transferred to, 442, 521

Bonaventura, St., on absolution, 346
on abuse of confessional, 350
on dilapidation of church property, 407

Boniface IX., legalized simony under, 398
he relaxes the rule of Fulda, 404

Boniface of Canterbury, 290

Boniface of Lausanne, his fate, 341

Boniface, St., his scruples as to Frankish clergy, 128
he reforms the Frankish clergy, 131
attempts on his life, 133
on infanticide caused by celibacy, 137
on Anglo-Saxon church, 163
he founds Abbey of Fulda, 404

Bonizo of Piacenza, martyrdom of, 222

Bonn, Old Catholic Synod of, in 1878, 604

Bonner, Bishop, deprives married priests, 478
his visitation of London, 479
scandals concerning him, 486

Bonosus, his heresy, 68

Books of canon law burned by Luther, 418

Bora, Catharine von, marries Luther, 425

Bordeaux, Councils of, in 1583, 1624, 560
in 1850, 626

Borgia, Roderic, his character, 345

Boseteha, wife of Cosmo of Prague, 245

Bosnia, heretics of, 369

Bossaert d’Avesnes, case of, 323

Bossu d’Arras, Le, on Alex. IV., 334

Bossuet, his probable marriage, 582

Botoa, monastery of, 306

Bougaud, Abbé, on dangers to the church, 638

Bourges, Council of, in 1031, 179
in 1528, 515
in 1584, 560
in 1800, 595
in 1850, 626

Bourne, Sir John, complains of Chapter of Worcester, 491
his quarrel with Sandys, 496

Boussard, Geoffroi, on origin of celibacy, 29
on dispensing power, 407

Boutaric on droit de marquette, 355

Bouthors on droit de marquette, 355

Boyer on droit de marquette, 354

Bracton on position of concubines, 197

Braga, Councils of, in 563, 572, and 675, 80

Brahmanism, asceticism of, 23

Branda, Cardinal, his reforms, 392

Brazil, suppression of monasteries in, 609

Brecislas of Bohemia, 243

Bremen, Council of, in 1266, 253

Breslau, Council of, in 1279, 252
in 1416, 338
in 1580, 555

Brethren of the Cross, 385

Brethren, Orthodox, 385

Bribes to avert suppression of monasteries, 454

Brice, St., case of, 77

Bridfrith, his life of St. Dunstan, 166

Bristol, see of, created, 460

Britanny, church of, 120
priestly marriage in, 259
heresies in, 371

British clergy, their corruption, 159
church, discipline of, 160
in 9th century, 171

Brixen, schismatic Synod of, in 1080, 238
orthodox Synod, in 1603, 562

Brothels kept by prelates, 429
frequented by priests, 586

de Brou-Laurière, case of, 600

Bruges, Synod of, in 1693, 562

Brunhilda, appeal of Gregory I. to, 124

Bruno of Toul created pope, 187

Bruno St., reforms effected by, 265
founds the Grande Chartreuse, 404

Brunswick, chapter of, in 1476, 400

Brut y Tywysogion on married clergy, 171

Bruys, Pierre de, his heresy, 370

Bucer insists on priestly marriage, 441

Buddha, Sankhyism of, 23
his legend, 35
death of his mother, 68

Buddhism, its influence on Christianity, 34
its connection with Manichæism, 44
its system of monachism, 94

Bulgaria, Manichæism transmitted through, 207

Bulgarian church, rules for, 141

Bull, Papal, Exsurge Domine, 418
Ad canonum, 516
Cum primum, 548
Horrendum, 548
Ad Romanum, 549
Quæ ordini, 549
Postquam verus, 550
Quemadmodum sollicitus, 552
Cum sicut nuper, 568
Universi Dominici gregis, 569
Etiam pastoralis, 577
Sacramentum pœnitentiæ, 577
Auctorem fidei, 587
suppressing English monasteries, 447-9
excommunicating Henry VIII., 455
defining Cardinal Pole’s powers, 478
reconciling England, 483

Burckhardt of Worms on celibacy, 178
his instructions to confessors, 566

Bure, Idelette de, Calvin’s wife, 498

Burghley endeavors to restrain Q. Elizabeth, 492

Burgos, Council of, in 1080, 304

Burial, Christian denied to married priests, 192

Burial, Christian, denied to concubines, 310

Burmah, number of monks in, 95

Burnet, Bishop, on the English monasteries, 451
on the Beggars’ Petition, 453

Burning alive threatened for married priests, in 1524, 423

Butler, John, on marriage of clergy, 466

Cabassut on Apostolical canons, 49

Cadalus, his election as antipope, 200
his cause embraced by Milan, 215

Cadam, Transaction of, 439

Cadière, Catherine, case of, 579

Cæsarea, Synod of, about 360, 61

Cæsarius, St., of Arles, Rule of, 112
on marriage of nuns, 111

Cæsarius of Heisterbach on influence of priesthood, 346

Cain Patraic, the, 159
two classes of bishops in, 295

Caisho, priest of, his case, 485

Calabria, celibacy enforced in, 76, 320

Calatrava, knights of, marriage permitted to, 364

Calini, Archbp., his reports from Trent, 534

Calixtins, the, 383

Calixtus I., his laxity, 37

Calixtus II., on Manichæism, 208
he enforces celibacy in France, 267
his consequent unpopularity, 268
he declares marriage dissolved by orders, 313
on abuse of confessional, 567

Calixtus, his work on celibacy, 583

Calne, Council of, in 978, 170

Calvi, Donato, on religious orders, 96

Calvin, his confession of faith, 498
his marriage, 498

Calvinism, 498-513
its discipline, 498
clerical marriage a matter of course, 498, 510

Calvinist converts, marriage of, 499

Camaldoli, monks of, 183
their demoralization, 393

Cambrai, Manichæism in 1025, 207
Hildebrandine doctrine punished, 236
Council of, in 1025, 208
in 1550, 528
in 1565 and 1567, 559
in 1631, 560
in 1661, 576

Camin, Synods of, in 1454 and 1492, 402

Campeggi, Card., persecutes married priests, 423
heresy justified by clerical immorality, 430
assists in suppression of English monasteries, 449

Canada, duration of vows in, 613
modern Councils of, 626-7, 633

Canonical age for resident women, 626

Canons, Apostolical (see _Apostolical_).

Canons regular, institution of, 134
of Fécamp, expulsion of, 155
discussion concerning their marriage, 263

Canons are forced to cloistered life, 265
marriage of, in 12th century, 270
hereditary in England, 272
replace Culdees in Scotland, 300
laxity of their rule, 307
of Compostella, reform of, 305
demoralization of, in 15th cent., 399
their unclerical habits, Germany, 14th century, 340
of Brunswick in 1476, their morals, 401
of Lausanne, their demoralization, 429
of Munster, refuse to be reformed, 548
of Milan, their contest with St. Charles Borromeo, 550

Canterbury, Christ Church, in 11th cent. 171
number of married clergy in, 489

“Capacities” given to ejected monks, 455

Capito, Wolf. Fab., persecutes married priests, 420
is married, 423

Caprara, Legate, on married priests, 596

Capua, Council of, in 389, 68

Caraffa, Card., on need of reformation, 522

Cardinalate, childlessness a prerequisite, 550

Cardinal’s college, founded by Wolsey, 447

Carinthia, enforcement of celibacy in, 233

Carloman seeks to reform the church, 128, 130
enters Monte Casino, 134

Carlostadt advocates priestly marriage, 419
favors the Anabaptists, 438

Carlovingian alliance with the church, 128
civilization, its disappearance, 143

Carmelites, corruption of, 353, 587

Carnarvonshire, complaints of priests in, 400

Carpocrates, heresy of, 34

Carracioli, Bishop of Troyes, married, 499

Carterius, Bishop, case of, 37

Carthage, immorality in, 82
Council of, in 348, 100
in 390, 73
in 397, 73
in 398, 49, 73
in 401, 74
in 411, 107
in 419, 74

Carthusian asceticism, 359

Carthusians of London resist Henry VIII., 450

Cashel, Archb. of, on children of bishops, 297

Cashel, Council of, in 1171, 298
in 1853, 633

Cassander, G., on clerical marriage, 542

Cassianus, heresy of, 33

Cassianus, St., Rule of, 101, 110

Cassiodorus relates the story of Paphnutius, 57

Caste, priestly, dangers of creating, 225

Castel-Fuerte, Marques del, 565

Castration of Galli, 50

Castro, Alfonso de, heresy justified by clerical wickedness, 430

Casuistry applied to solicitation, 571, 575, 576
its effect on morality, 578

Catarini, Card., and the Vatican Council, 604

Catarino, Ambrogio, 418

Cathari, heresy of, 207, 367

Catharine von Bora, 425

Catherine de Medicis on reception of Council of Trent, 546
her efforts for clerical marriage, 559

Catholicism, observances borrowed from Buddhism, 35
from Mazdeism, 44

Catholics, persecution of, in Scotland, 512

Caumont, case of married priest of, 258

Cavour introduces civil marriage in Sardinia, 605
suppresses monasteries in Sardinia, 609

Céle-dé, or Culdee, 299

Celestin III. on vows and marriage, 321
on hereditary priesthood, 326

Celestin (pseudo) on abuse of confessional, 567

Celibacy, its influence on history, 19
its post-apostolical origin admitted, 27
not favored in Apost. Constitutions, 48
its enforcement by Council of Elvira in 305, 50
not required by Council of Nicæa, 53
its first enforcement, 64
opposition to it, 67
attributed to Gregory I., 124
and to Gregory VII., 224
its necessity to the church, 193, 225
deprecated by Alexander III., 325
its final enforcement, 330
its results, 331-361
Wickliffe’s opinion of it, 379
condemned by Lollards, 381
maintained by Hussites, 384
not observed by Orthodox Brethren, 385
nor by Brethren of the Cross, 385
evils attributed to, 394
is deprecated in 15th century, 405
is denounced by Luther, 418
is the main obstacle to reunion, 544
is made a point of faith in 1528, 515
and by Council of Trent, 536, 640
and by the Inquisition, 603
attacked in the 18th century, 582
persecuted in French Revolution, 593
reëstablished after the Terror, 595
modern policy of the church, 602-4
is likely to be maintained in the future, 607, 608
modern influence of, 638

Celibates, disabilities of, removed, 99

Celsus of Armagh, 296

Celtic churches, original purity of, 295

Cenobitic life, commencement of, 97

Ceres, celibacy of priestesses of, 50

Cereza, father, of Monza, 621

Cesarini, Cardinal, on revolt against church, 395

Ceylon, number of monks in, 95

Chalcedon, Council of, in 451, 107

Chalons, Council of, in 649, 80
in 813, 567
in 893, 142

Chantries, English, absorption of, 459

Charibert, his laws on forcible marriage, 120

Charity of the monastic orders, 358

Charity in modern church, 612, 616
religious organization of, in France, 615

Charlemagne, his efforts to reform the church, 134, 135

Charles, Archduke, asks for clerical marriage, 544

Charles Borromeo, St., his reforms, 550-2

Charles-le-Chauve on appellate jurisdiction of Rome, 139

Charles the Lame imposes fines on concubinage, 339

Charles Martel oppresses the church, 129
his punishment, 130

Charles IV. (Emp.) urges reform, 340

Charles V. (Emp.), his policy in 1530, 435
he temporizes with the Reformation, 439, 440
he issues the Interim, 441
he demands dispensations for married priests, 442
he accepts the Reformation, 443
his demands for Council of Trent, 519
he objects to its transfer to Bologna, 521
on the reforms of Paul III., 522
he seeks to reform the German church, 524

Charles VII. (France) fines concubinary priests, 396

Charles IX. (France) asks for clerical marriage, 533, 641

Charles de Valois intervenes in Flanders, 323

Charter-House, monks of, their fate, 450

Charter of Oswalde’s Law, 169

Charters of 1814 and 1830, 600

Chartier, Alain, on condition of church, 394

Chartreuse, strictness of rules of, 404

Chassidim, 24

Chastity, estimate of, by Cassianus, 102
feudal tenure by, 153, 311
gift of, to be obtained by seeking, 331, 530, 536
gift of, assured by Council of Trent, 624
sacrifice of, 21
vows of, their introduction, 41
their perversion, 127
required for holy orders, 179
in military orders, 362
maintained in the Six Articles, 468
papal dispensation for, 535, 642
never dispensed for, 611
prelates at Trent sworn to support, 533

Châtillon, Cardinal de, his marriage, 499

Chaucer on priest’s children, 338
on corrupting influence of priests, 351

Chavard, Abbé, case of, 601
on age of ordination, 624

Chelsea, Council of, in 787, 164

Chepstow, Abbess of, accuses Dr. London, 457

Cheregato, Legate, on priestly immunity, 424

Chertsey, monastery of, reformed, 169

Chester, see of, created, 460

Childebert, his laws on forcible marriage, 120

Child-bearing, importance of, among the Jews, 21

Child-bearing, St. Paul’s estimate of, 31

Children cause ineligibility to episcopate, 87
and to cardinalate, 550

Children of ecclesiastics (see _Hereditary transmission_).
in tenth century, 145, 146, 148, 149
ordained by Adalbero of Metz, 154
disabilities of, in 11th century, 179
yet openly provided for, 181
ineligibility of, 184
refused preferment by Henry III., 187
admitted by Alexander II., 205
declared infamous in 1266, 253
openly acknowledged in Normandy, 258
have claims on paternal benefice, 265
disallowed in England in 1102, 274
their ordination permitted in 1107, 276
refused in 1144, 281
universal in 13th century, 285
forbidden in 1237, 288
universal in Spain, 304, 305, 311, 400
favored by dispensing power, 321
forbidden by Celestin III., 326
rendered heritable by Fred. II., 335
fruitless efforts to prevent it, 327-8
legislation of Clement VII., 616
papal dispensation for, 517
regulations in Scotland, 1559, 505
of Council of Trent, 538
of Pius V., 548
of Synod of Augsburg, 1610, 549
of Salzburg, 1616, 554
of Osnabruck in 1625, 558
of apostate priests in France, 500
of priests by slaves emancipated, 563
of knights of Spanish orders, 364
of Anglican priests legitimated in 1552, 476
legitimated under Elizabeth, 488
held illegitimate, 494, 496

China, development of Buddhism in, 95

Christ, his toleration of Essenism, 25

Christ Church College founded by Wolsey, 447

Christians, puritanism of early, 32

Christians, heretics of Bosnia, 369

Christianity, purifying influence of, 354

Chrodegang of Metz, Rule of, 134

Chrysostom, St. John, on virginity, 85

Church, morals of (see _Morals_).
the Ante-Nicene, 31
the Latin, its influence, 17
its temporalities endangered by marriage, 63, 123
extension of its jurisdiction, 139
growth of its independence, 143
it is a protector of the weak, 182
necessity of celibacy to it, 193
its responsibility, 355
enmity against it in 15th cent., 394, 395
its growth under Pius IX., 608
its superiority to the State, 618
its modern claims, 639
lands, question of, in Reformation, 437, 439
fate of, in England, 454

Church lands, fate of, in Scotland, 508
in France, 589
in Italy, 609

Churches, confessions only to be heard in, 574

Churching of wives of priests forbidden, 595

Cincinnati, Council of, in 1861, 627

Cipriani, Gius., on clerical morality, 632

Circester, Synod of, in 1289, 350

Circumcelliones, 107, 109

Cirita, Juan, St., case of, 111

Cistercian order, relaxation of, 403

Cistercian Rule adopted by knights of Calatrava and Avis, 364, 365

Cities, monks not allowed to enter, 108

Civil marriage, 605-7
practical control of church over, 607

Civil power invoked to remove concubines, 559, 560

Civilization promoted by monachism, 113, 357

Clarembald, Abbot, his morals, 281

Clares, barefooted, in Paris, 612

Claude of Evreux essays reform, 560

Claude of Macon essays reform, 515

Claustrals, Franciscan, 402

Clemanges on condition of church, 343, 388, 389, 390, 394

Clement II. appointed by Henry III., 184
endeavors to suppress simony, 185

Clement III. on self-mutilation, 40
on children of bishops, 297
enforces the canons, 326

Clement IV. enforces celibacy in Austria, 251
and in Denmark, 253

Clement VII. maintains the claims of the church, 435
his bulls to Wolsey, 448
on hereditary transmission, 516

Clement III. (Antipope) on concubinage, 238
his death in 1100, 242

Clement of Alexandria on heresies, 33
on the Virgin, 68

Clement, Bishop, case of, 132

Clément of Versailles on clerical marriage, 594

Cléonique, frère, case of, 620

Clergy worse than laity, 168, 265, 282, 428-31, 530, 552
it corrupts the laity, 340, 353, 388, 504, 518, 532, 560, 629

Clergy, Anglican, position of, 497
French, become antagonistic to Revolution, 589
their present position, 637
Spanish, their rudeness, 302
resistance of, to celibacy, 202, 212, 222, 228, 231
statistics of, in modern times, 588, 593, 630

Clermont, Council of, in 1095, 263
in 1130, 314

Cleves, Duke of, demands clerical marriage, 531

Climène, frère, case of, 637

Clotair I., laws on forcible marriage, 120

Clotair II. on monastic excesses, 115

Clovesho, Council of, in 747, 164

Cnut the Great, his laws, 173

Cochin China, abuse of confessional in, 578

Cochlæus, John, on Confession of Augsburg, 542

Code civile, clerical marriage under, 597

Cœur de Jésus, society of, 613

Coklaw, Thomas, marriage of, 509

Colet, John, his work, 445

Colloquy of Poissy in 1561, 559

Cologne, Council of, in 1146, 208
in 1260, 338
in 1306, 377
in 1307 and 1310, 340
in 1423, 393
in 1527, 514
in 1536, 518
in 1548, 526
in 1549, 1550, 1551, 527
in 1651, 562
in 1662, 558, 562
in 1860, 1863, 627, 633
Manichæism in 1146, 207
condemnation of Lolhard in, 377
clerical marriage forbidden in 1548, 530
proportion of clergy in, 631
Archbishop of, asks for clerical marriage, 539

Coloman, King, enforces celibacy, 249

Columba, St., his labors, 126
his mission to Scotland, 160

Comedians forbidden to perform in nunneries, 527

Commendone, Legate, promises clerical marriage, 531

Comminges, miracle occurring in, 269

Communion, refusal of, in Belgium, 623

Communion in both elements in early church, 44
refused to laity, 45
demanded by the Hussites, 384
by Emperor Ferdinand, 530
by Bavaria, 536
by Charles IX., 641
granted to Germany, 541
withdrawn, 543

Comparative merits of virginity and marriage, 46, 47, 318, 347
settled by Council of Trent, 536, 641

Compiègne, marriage of priests in, 270

Compostella, Council of, in 1056, 303
in 1113, 303, 306
canons of, 302
their reform, 305

Compurgation, immunity gained by, 140

Concordat of 1516 with France, 428
of 1801, 595
clerical marriage under it, 596-98
monastic orders forbidden, 613

Concubinage, punishment of, by Justinian, 87
is worse than marriage in Milan, 210
is more venial than marriage in orthodoxy, 349, 627
is recognized as a necessity, 353, 389
its punishment under the Six Articles, 468
in Anglican Church, 494
its recognition asked for, 527
its punishment at Trent, 538

Concubinage in the modern church, 626-32
(See, also, _Licenses to Sin_.)

Concubinarians ineligible in Saxon Church, 162
proportion of, among the clergy, 519

Concubines of clergy in Spain, 121, 517
priests compelled to keep them, 310, 388
priests fined for not keeping them, 389
they acquire legal position, 339
they do not count in digamy, 349
are liable to death under the Six Articles, 468
are not punished at Trent, 539
secular aid invoked for their removal, 559, 560

Concubines, their position in middle ages, 196

Condom, persecution of celibacy, 593

Confessio Goliæ on celibacy, 290

Confession of Augsburg, 436, 443

Confession of Faith, Calvinistic, 498

Confession not good against accomplice, 291

Confession, auricular, commencement of, 566
dispensation from, 428

Confessional, abuse of, in middle ages, 311, 350, 352
in Germany, 16th century, 432
in nunneries, 523
acknowledged at Trent, 534
in post-Tridentine Church, 566-80
in Italy, 18th century, 586, 588
in modern times, 632-7
testimony of Ernest Renan, 625

Confessionals, regulations concerning, 574, 632

Confessors, guilty, absolution by, 575-7
protection accorded to them, 570, 633

Confiscation of estates of married priests, 87

Congregations, religious, subjected to the State, in 1760, 585

Conjo, convent of S. Maria of, 307

Conrad, King of Lombardy, 220

Conrad, Legate, holds Council of Mainz, 337

Conrad of Mainz on the Hussites, 384

Conrad of Prague, the Hussite, 384

Conrad of Wurtzburg on morals of clergy, 424, 431

Consenza, Council of, in 1579, 553

Conseyo de la Suprema on solicitation, 569, 571

Consilium de emendanda ecclesia, 516, 522, 549
put into the Index, 523

Constance, enforcement of celibacy in, 229
assembly of, in 1094, 243
Council of, in 1415, deposes John XXIII., 343
its failure, 390
Synod of, in 1567, 430, 562
in 1609, 557, 562
Bishop of, defends his clergy, 340

Constance of Burgundy, her influence, 304

Constantine assembles the C. of Nicæa, 52
encourages monachism, 99

Constantine Copronymus, persecution of monks by, 90

Constantine (Pope) threatens Witiza, 121

Constantine of St. Symphorian, 154

Constantinople, Council of, in 381, 84
in 400, 85
in 680, 88

Constitutions, Apostolical (see _Apostolical_).

Constitution of 1791, clerical marriage in, 591

Contarini, Cardinal, on need of reformation, 522
on evils of celibacy, 561

Continence overbalanced by pride, 32

Continence, vows of (see _Chastity_).

Convention, National, supports clerical marriage, 594

Convents (see _Monachism_).

Converts from Catholicism, marriage of, 499, 500

Convocation of 1547 approves of clerical marriage, 472
of 1554 enforces celibacy, 480
of 1557, its legislation, 485

Coptic Church, customs of, 92

Corella, affair of, 572

Corruption of laity by clergy, 265, 350, 518, 548

Cosmo of Prague, case of, 245

Cossa, Balthazar, his crimes, 343

Cotta, Landolfo, seeks archbishopric of Milan, 209
is excommunicated, 212
his life threatened, 213
his death, 215

Councils, revision of their proceedings at Rome, 628
of France, in 1797 and 1800, 595

Countesses, bishop’s wives rank as, 259

Cournand, Abbé, proposes clerical marriage, 590
his marriage, 591

Courtenay of Canterbury on Wickliffe, 379

Courtesans in Rome, necessity for, 550

Court of Augmentations, the, 454

Courts, mixed, for married priests, 257

Cowl, Luther’s wearing of the, 421

Cows as source of episcopal revenue, 297

Cox, Bishop, on Q. Elizabeth’s Injunctions, 492

Cozza, Card., on abuse of confessional, 575

Cranach, Lucas, his portraits of Catharine von Bora, 425

Cranmer on immunity for adultery, 447
intercedes for Thomas Patmore, 462
urges priestly marriage on Henry VIII., 463
opposes the Six Articles, 467
his marriages, 469
encourages priestly marriage, 472, 473
prepares the Forty-two Articles, 475
his children claimed as slaves, 190

Creed of Piers Ploughman, 352
on Carmelites, 353
on sacerdotal powers, 355
on Franciscans, 376

Cremona, reform of priesthood in, 217

Cromwell, bribes tendered to, 454, 460
he favors priestly marriage, 463
he mitigates the Six Articles, 470
his fall, 471

Crossed-Friars, case of Abbot of, 457

Culdees, 299
their disappearance, 300

Cullagium (see _Licenses_).

Culm, Synod of, in 1745, 562

Cumad espuc, or virgin bishop, 295

Cunegunda, St., her asceticism, 176

Cunha, Rod. à, on solicitation, 571

Cunibert of Turin, laxity of, 203

Cuno of Ratisbon, 184

Cuthbert of Canterbury reforms Saxon Church, 164

Cuthbert of London prohibits the Beggars’ Petition, 453

Cuyck, Bish., on corruption of Church, 557

Cynog, Book of, priestly marriage in, 294

Cyprian, St., on vows of continence, 41, 42
on martyrdom and virginity, 46

Cyril, St., his use of monachism, 106

Cyrillus converts Bohemia, 244

Dabralis of Spalatro, degradation of, 188

Daimbert of Sens, his negligence, 263

Dalmatia, priestly marriage in 10th century, 149
in 11th century, 188
relaxation of canons in, 204
enforcement of celibacy in, 250

Dalmatia, Synod of, in 1194, 250

Damasus I. asserts sacerdotal celibacy, 64
on marriage of nuns, 103

Damasus II., his pontificate, 187

Damhouder, Josse, on character of clergy, 557

Damiani, St. Peter, his early career, 186
his character, 193
on troubles of abbots, 154
he urges Clement II. to reform, 185
and Leo IX., 188
his Liber Gomorrhianus, 188
is forced to leave his retreat in 1057, 192
on sacraments of sinful priests, 195
he stigmatizes wives of priests, 196
he endeavors to reform the prelates, 198
he confutes the Tuscan chaplains, 199
on election of Cadalus, 200
on heresy of sacerdotal marriage, 201
his continued efforts, 202
his motives and arguments, 204
his mission to Milan, 213

Damnation for dissidence on celibacy, 640

Dampierre, case of the, 323

Dancing mania, cause assigned to, 351

Danes, effect of their incursions, 139

Danes, Pierre, his repartee at Trent, 413

Darius, Silvester, papal collector, 417

Daughters (see _Children_).

Davanzati, Bishop, favors clerical marriage, 583

Daviaux of Bordeaux prohibits clerical marriage, 597

David I., his reforms, 300

Dax, Council of, in 1585, 560

Daylight, confessions only to be heard during, 574

Deaconesses, ordination of, forbidden, 60
their marriage punished, 96

Deacons allowed to marry, 39
their marriage forbidden, 86

Deans of Friesland, 254

Death penalty for marrying a nun, 100
for marriage under Six Articles, 468
for celibacy in 1793, 593

Debra, Abbé, case of, 635, 637

Decretals, False, on clerical chastity, 136

Decretum Gratiani, compilation of, 317
denies apostolic origin of celibacy, 28

De la Croix, deputy, on unmarried priests, 592

De la Sallé, Abbé, 617

Demeter, worship of, in Athens, 50

Democratic element in the Church, 226

Denis, St., mistaken relics of, 217

Denmark, position of concubines in, 197
enforcement of celibacy in, 253

Dens, Peter, on Italian morality, 631

Denunciation, duty of, by seduced women, 576, 633

Denunciations, Edict of, 569

Desforges on clerical marriage, 582

Desiderius of Monte Casino, 180

Devonshire rebels demand the Six Articles, 469

Devotees permitted to return to the world, 41, 97

Diabolic possession of priests’ wives, 235

Diaconate, women admitted to, 60

Diaz de Luco, on dissolution of marriage, 317
on concubinage, 517
on abuse of confessional, 568

Diego Gelmirez, his reforms, 305

Diet, German, complaints of, in 1510, 411

Diet of Hungary, in 1498, 401

Diether of Mainz, case of, 412

Digami, ordination of, forbidden, 37, 86, 89, 123
their prevalence in British Church, 159
in 10th century, 148
condemned by Council of Spalatro, 149
ineligible in Anglo-Saxon Church, 162
recognition of, in 11th century, 202
not allowed in Milan, 210
condemned in Hungary, 249
condemned by some of the German
reformers, 426

Digamy, concubines do not count in, 349
rule of, ridiculed by Luther, 418

Dilapidation of church property, 123, 145, 147

Dimitri of Dalmatia assumes the crown, 250

Dingolfing, Council of, in 772, 135

Dionysius of Corinth on asceticism, 34

Dionysius, King, founds Order of Jesus Christ, 365

Disabilities of married priests, 294

Dispensations, papal, evil influence of, 397
sale of, 321, 322, 345, 398, 516, 517, 522
power of, debated, 407
for unchastity, 131
for marriage, sale of, 522
for married priests, 442
from confession, 428
from vows of chastity, 535, 642
refused by Pius IX., 611
in favor of priests’ children, 505, 516, 549

Divorces of married priests in England, 470, 478

Dogma, celibacy, a matter of, 641

Döllinger and the Old Catholic movement, 604

Dominicans, influence of, 375

admitted to France in 1840, 614

Donati, Girolamo, attempts to murder St. Charles, 551

Donatist heresy condemned, 107
revived by Theodore of Canterbury, 162
by Nicholas II., 194
by Gregory VII., 227
by Innocent II., 246
condemned by Lucius III., 195
and by St. Anselm, 288
revived by the heretics, 368, 374, 379, 383

Döringk on sale of indulgences, 397

Dorothea of Denmark, marriage of, 434

Dortmund, Council of, in 1005, 155

Down, St. Malachi’s episcopate of, 296

Dracontius, case of, 58

Dress, clerical, regulated at Constance, 391

Drogo of Terouane persecutes Watten, 260

Droit de marquette, 354

Dualism in Manichæism, 43
of the Albigenses, 208, 367

Dublin, Councils of, in 1186 and 1217, 298

Du Fail, Noël, on clerical corruption, 561

Dumonteil, case of, 600, 641

Dunbar, Bishop, his immorality, 503

Dunstan, St., takes the vows, 166
his miraculous preservation, 171

Dupanloup, Bishop, on the Syllabus, 642

Du Pin, Louis Ellies, on clerical marriage, 581

Duprat, Cardinal, his efforts at reform, 515

Durand, William, advocates clerical marriage, 405

Durham, Council of, in 1220, 288

Eadmer on results of celibacy, 278

East Anglia, defence of monasteries in, 170

Eastern church, divergence of, 83
its rules as to celibacy, 86
its monachism, 106

Easter, different computations of, 161, 163

Ebionim, or Poor Men, 27
accused of immorality, 34

Ebrard, his history of Watten, 260

Ecclesiastical procedure, immunity caused by, 140

Ecclesiastics, children of (see _Children_).
immorality of (see _Morals_).

Ecgberht of York, his Penitential, 163

Eck, Dr., his conference with Melanchthon, 440

Edgar the Pacific, penitence imposed on, 167
his reformatory zeal, 169

Edict of Denunciation, priestly marriage in, 536
solicitation in, 569

Edinburgh, Council of, in 1549, 504
in 1559, 505

Edith, Queen of Edward the Confessor, 175

Edmund I. on immorality of priests, 166

Education, monastic influence on, 358, 616-21
secularization of, in France, 623

Edward and Guthrun on immorality of clerks, 166

Edward the Martyr supports Dunstan, 170

Edward the Confessor, his virginity, 175

Edward, Bishop of Scaren, 279

Edward VI., his accession, 472
his funeral services, 477

Egara, Council of, in 614, 80

Eggard of Sleswick, his fate, 402

Eggs, punishment for eating, in Lent, 511

Egypt, purity required of priests, 50
neglect of celibacy in, 85

Egyptian monachism, commencement of, 97

Ejection of married priests, 594

Elect, Manichæan, 46

Election of popes limited to Roman clergy, 200

Eleuchadio, Abbot of Fiano, 180

Elfhere of Mercia supports the married priests, 170

Elfritha, her intrigues against Edward, 170

Elizabeth, Queen, her hesitation as to priestly marriage, 487
her assent to it, 488
her continued repugnance, 489, 493
her insolence to Mrs. Parker, 491
her Injunctions of Ipswich, 492

Elna, Council of, in 1027, 303

Elphege of Winchester and St. Dunstan, 166

Elvira, Council of, in 305, on digami, 37
celibacy introduced by, 50
on morals of nuns, 99

Emancipation of nuns in 1523, 425

Emancipatore Cattolico, the, 606

Embden, Count of, promotes marriage of nuns, 435

Embrun, Council of, in 1727, 626

Emanuel, King, grants marriage to military orders, 365

Emo of Wittewerum on priestly marriage, 254

Empire, Roman, licentiousness under, 32

Emser, Jerome, his epithalamium on Luther, 426

Encratitians, heresy of, 33, 44

Encyclical, papal, Mirari vos, 601
Qui pluribus, 602
Incredibili afflictamur, 609
Neminem latet, 611

Encyclicals of Leo XIII. on civil marriage, 605

Enforcement of celibacy in 4th century, 67-82
by Gregory I., 123
in 8th century, 131
attributed to Gregory VIII., 224
difficulties attending it, 229
in 12th century, 245
in Bohemia, 246
in Germany, 247
in Hungary, 249
in Poland, 251
in Sweden, 252
in Denmark, 253
in France, 255
in Normandy, 257
in Flanders, 261
by Calixtus II., 268
in England, 273
in Ireland, 296
in Scotland, 300
in Spain, 304
by Innocent III., 327
finally successful, 330
by Henry VIII., 468
by Queen Mary, 480
by Council of Trent, 536
after the Terror, 595

Engelheim, Council of, in 948, 149

England, disorders caused by Anglo-Saxon priests, 147
Saxon period, 159
celibacy at first enforced, 162
introduction of marriage in 9th century, 166
disorders in 10th century, 167
reformation attempted, 168
its failure, 172
church under Cnut the Great, 174
under Edward the Confessor, 176
position of concubines in, 197
heresy in 1166, 207
enforcement of celibacy in, 271
marriage still prevalent in 13th century, 285
hereditary benefices, 272, 281, 282, 285
excitement caused by introduction of celibacy, 289
priestly marriage becomes obsolete, 291
delay in enforcing the canons, 318, 320
marriage of priests’ children, 338
Hali Meidenhad, 347
Begghards in, 378
Wickliffe and Lollardry, 379
demoralization in 15th century, 394, 399
restrictions on papal power in 1517, 417
the reformation in, 444 sqq.
Dr. Geddes’s modest apology, 584
case of Shaw v. Starr and Kennedy, 611
Council of Westminster in 1852, 626

English bishops in Sweden, 278
priests in Ireland, 298

Enham, Council of, in 1009, 172

Éon de l’Étoile, 371

Epaone, Council of, in 513, 60
in 517, 80

Ephraem Syrus on Manichæism, 44

Epiphanius on Ebionites, 27, 34
his Manichæan tendencies, 48
on agapetæ, 54
on female ministration, 60
on the Antidicomarianitarians, 69
on non-observance of celibacy, 84
on temporary nature of vows, 97

Episcopissa, 152

Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum, 413, 414, 415

Erasmus on religious immorality, 356
his relation to the reformation, 414
on indulgences, 417
on priestly marriage, 432
on abuse of confessional, 567

Erchenbald on infanticide, 137

Erfurt, Synod of, in 1074, 231

Eriberto of Milan, his episcopate, 208

Erlembaldo, St., popular chief of Milan, 209
assumes leadership of Paterins, 215
his death, 219

Ermeland, Synod of, in 1497, 402
in 1577, 562

Ernest of Magdeburg, his cynicism, 398

Erskine, Lord, characterized by Knox, 508

Escobar, his casuistry, 578

d’Espeisses, President, on Italian morals, 552

d’Espense, Claude, on virginity of the Virgin, 69
on clerical morality, 559

Essenes, asceticism of, 25

Ethelred the Unready, state of England under, 171

Ethelwold of Winchester, his reforming zeal, 168

Eucharist, modified by Manichæism, 44

Eucherius, St., his vision, 130

Eugenius II. on concubinage, 196

Eugenius III. dissolves marriage of priests, 315
convicts Éon de l’Étoile, 372

Eugenius IV. permits marriage to Knights of Calatrava, 364
orders Council of Bâle dissolved, 395

Eulalius condemns Eustathius, 61

Euphronius of Autun, 79

Euphronius of Tours, 119

Euron, Abbey of, its reform, 264

Eusebius condemns priestly marriage, 51

Eustathius, heresy of, 61

Eutychianism of monastic order, 107

Evangelical Doctor, Wickliffe the, 382

Evenus of St. Melanius, 259

Evreux, Synod of, in 1576, 560

Excalceati, heresy of, 33

Excommunication, effectiveness of, 134

Exemptions conferred on ecclesiastics, 99

Exeter, Bishop of, on children of priests, 286
case of subdeacons of, 320

Expilly on number of French clergy, 593

Expulsion of monks in early times, 101

Exuperius, St., favors Vigilantius, 71

Fabre, Bishop, of Montreal, 613

Fah-Hian, his account of Buddhist monachism, 95

Faith, celibacy as a point of, 515, 536, 603, 640
clerical marriage as a point of, 490

False Decretals on clerical chastity, 136

Faricius of Abingdon, case of, 227

Fasting in penance, 160

Fauchet of Bayeux on clerical marriage, 594

Faustinus on separation of wives, 74

Faustus the Manichæan, 46, 75

Fécamp reformed by Richard the Fearless, 155

Feini, civilization of, 295

Felix of Nantes, case of, 119

Fellows, University, celibacy of, 492

Felony, priestly marriage is, in Six Articles, 468

Ferdinand (Emp.) asks use of cup for Bohemia, 384
demands a general Council in 1522, 424
tolerates Protestantism, 439
on German monasteries, 452
on clerical immorality, 519, 529
his demands suppressed at Council of Trent, 535
asks for clerical marriage, 530-2, 539

Ferdinand of Aragon supports Ximenes, 402

Ferdinand IV. (Naples), his reforms, 583
enacts civil marriage, 607

Fermo, Council of, in 1726, 626

Ferrers, Alex., case of, 502

Ferry of Orleans, his murder, 334

Ferry, Jules, on political influence of monachal education, 618
enforces laws against unauthorized orders, 621
his secularization of education, 623

Feudal system, independence of, 182
tenure by chastity, 153

Fifteenth century, demoralization of, 388

Fischer, Fred., punished for marrying, 424

Fish, Simon, his Beggars’ Petition, 453

Flamen Dialis, second marriage forbidden to, 36

Flanders, enforcement of celibacy in, 259
case of Bossaert d’Avesnes, 323
character of post-Tridentine church, 557
troubles arising from solicitation, 576

Florence, Synod of, in 1057, 191
in 1573, 553
congregation of bishops in 1787, 587

Florentines reject their bishop in 1060, 195

Fluviano, Antonio, Grand Master of St. John, 366

Focaria, introduction of the term, 283

Fontaneto, Council of, in 1058, on priestly marriage, 212

Forcheim, Diet of, in 1077, 236

Formal vows dissolve marriage, 321

Formulas, insincerity of Latin, 642

Forret, Thomas, burnt, 510

Forster, Andreas, his defence of celibacy, 583
on celibacy as a point of faith, 641

Fortescue, Sir John, on priestly marriage, 318

Fox of Winchester unable to restore discipline, 447