Chapter I: Part 1

[NOTE DU TRANSCRIPTEUR:

Vu que ce livre n'est qu'une partie d'un ouvrage beaucoup plus important, nous avons cru bon de dévier des normes PG et conserver la structure et numérotation des pages. Ceci a pour but de faciliter la recherche des objets mentionnés à l'index, au lexique et la table des matières. Les références aux pages 1 à 890 ne pourront pas être trouvées dans ce livre.]

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AN INTRODUCTORIE FOR TO LERNE TO REDE, TO PRONOUNCE AND TO SPEKE FRENCH TREWLY, COMPYLED FOR THE RIGHT HIGH, EXELLENT AND MOST VERTUOUS LADY THE LADY MARY OF ENGLANDE, DOUGHTER TO OUR MOST GRACIOUS SOVERAYN LORDE KYNG HENRY THE EIGHT.

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AVIS DE L'ÉDITEUR.

L'auteur de cette Grammaire ayant apporté un soin extrême à marquer la prononciation pár l'accent, on a dû s'attacher à reproduire scrupuleusement les accents du texte original.

Mais il faut savoir que Du Guez, par un système particulier, emploie l'accent placé _sous_ la voyelle. Nous avons reporté l'accent au-dessus, conformément à l'usage moderne.

Cette substitution a d'autant moins d'inconvénient, que nulle part Du Guez n'emploie l'accent supérieur; par conséquent, il n'y a point de confusion à craindre. C'est un très-petit détail dont il suffit que le lecteur soit averti.

F. G.

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AN INTRODUCTORIE FOR TO LERNE TO REDE, TO PRONOUNCE AND TO SPEKE FRENCH TREWLY. FOR IMPLORATION OF GRACE.

[Sidenote: [written vertically] GILES DU WES]

Grace of God that I love so moche
G race de Dieu que jayme tant

I your requier ryght humbly
I e uous requier treshumblement

the gift of love without any further
L e don damour sans plus auant

of it to make any refuce
E n faire aulcun refusement

If ye do fynde in any wise
S e uous trouués aulcunement

of me service, but in trouth
D e moy seruice quen loyaulté

I gyve you leve utterly
U ous habandonne entierement

to wyll at all at your wyll
U oulloir du tout a uoulenté

toward me to use of great rigour
U ers moy user de grant rigeur

and me to banysshe from all good hap
E t me bannir de tout bon heur

without more of me to have pite.
S ans plus de moy auoir pité.

Sola salus seruire Deo, sunt cetera fraudes.

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AN INTRODUCTORIE TO THE LADY MARY.

For the honour of Mary Pour lhonneur de Marye

God doughter to saynt Mary filleule a saynte Marye

virgin and mother Jesu Christ vierge et mere Jhesuh Crist

have these verses ben written. ont ces verse esté escripts.

MARIA.

glasse mesure shewynge mirouer mesure monstrant

lenyng lovynge fulfilled appuis amoureus assouuie

rose redde well smellyng rose rouge redolente

that can nat vade yonge jolie inmarcessible jeune jolie

amonge chosen exellente entre eslytes exellente

for ever more be ye blessyd. a tousjours mais soyez benye. Amen.

THE PROLOGUE.

How beit that I do nat, nat knowe how that many as well lerned in good Combien que ne ignore point que pluisieurs tant qualifiéz es bonnes

lettres as also well spoken in the frenche tonge (at the lest nat beyng lectres come aussy élégant en la langue francoise (au moins pour non estre

naturall and borne of the lande and countrey) have composed, and written rules and naturél et natif du territoire et pais) ont composés et escripz régles et

principles for introduction in the sayd tonge the whiche par aventure, as principes pour introduction en la dicte langue les quelz peult estre, come

witnessed saint Hierome to Paulin, have tought before that they have ben tiesmoigne saint Hierome a Paulin, ont ensegnés auant que auoir esté

conynge, for how beit that arte is folower of nature folowyng her right nygh, scauantz, car ja soit que art soit imitatrice de nature lensuiuant de bien pres,

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yet neuerthelesse can nat she ouertake her. Wherfore the sayd composytours sy ne la peult elle toutefois aconsuiuir. Pourquoy les ditz compilateurs

all togyder leanyng to the same ben by nature in sondrie places checked reproued du tout adherens à icelle sont par nature en diuers lieux cancellés repris

and corrected. Shulde it nat seme a thynge selde and strange to se a Frenchman et corrigéz. Ne sembleroit ce point chose rare et estrange ueoir ung Francois

endeuoir and inforce himself to teche unto the Germayns the langage of Almaine: se ingerer et efforcer dapprendre aux Allemans la lange tyoise,

ye and that more over is, upon the same to compyle rules and principles, how beit uoire et qui plus est, sur icelle composer régles et principes, combien

that agaynst me and my reason some body myght say, that one que contre moy et ma rayson quelque ung pourroit dire que on

shulde fynde no body whiche shulde teche Hebreu, Greke, nor Laten, if it were nat laufull ne trouueroit ame qui ensegneroit Hebrieu, Grec, ne Latin, sil ne loisoit

to any body so to do but to him which shulde have it of nature: to whom I a auscun de ce faire sinon a celui qui laroit de nature: a quoy je

answere that it is another thyng to teche and instruct by the principles respons que cest aultre chose densegnér et daprendre par les principes

and reules made by divers well expertz auctours, by great space and longe proces et régles faictz par diuérs expertz aucteurs, par interualle et diuturnité

of longe tyme well approved, than at the fyrst metyng and nat havyng a de long temps bien approuuéez, que de premiére abordée et nauoir ung

language but meanely and as a thynge borowed to be wyllyng by and by langage que moienement et come par emprunt, en uoulloir cy pris cy mis,

nat only instructe the others, but also to compyle upon the same reules non seullement ensegnér les aultres, mais aussy composér sur ce régles

certayne, the whiche doyng is nat graunted but unto ryght few of them whiche infallibles, ce que scauoir faire nest ottroie a bien peu de ceulz qui

ben borne of the sayd langage, for touchyng my self to whom the sayd sont mesme natif du dict langage, car touchant moy mesmes a qui la dicte

tonge is maternall or naturall, and whiche by the space of therty yeres langue est maternelle ou naturelle, et qui par lespase de trente ans

and more have besyed me how beit that I am ryght ignorant, to teche et plus me suis entremis (combien que soie tres ignorant) densegnér

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and instruct many great princes and princesses, as to decessed of et apprendre pluisieurs grandz princes et princesses, comme a feu de

noble and recomended memory the prince Arthur, the noble kyng Henry noble et recommandée memoire le prince Arthur, le noble roy Henry

for the present prosperously regnyng, to whom God gyve lyfe perpetuall: pour le present prospereusement regnant, a qui Dieu doint uie perpetuelle:

the quenes of France and Scotlande, with the noble marquis of Excestre, les roynes de France et dEscosse, auec le noble marquis dExcestre, etc.

for the whiche thynge to fulfyll I have done my power and dever to serche pour la quelle chose accomplir jay fait mon pouoir et debuoir de perscruter

and seke all that which hath semed me to this purpose te serve: I have nat nevertheless et cercher tout ce qui ma semblé a ce propos seruir: sy nay je toutesfois

founde rules infallybles, bycause that it is nat possyble to fynde any peu trouvér régles infalibles, pour ce quil nest possible de telles les

suche, that is to say, suche whiche may serve without any faulte, as do trouuer, cest a dire, telles que puissent seruir infalliblement, comme font

the rules compiled for to lerne Laten, Greke and Hebreu and other suche les régles composéez pour apprendre Latin, Grec et Hebrieu et autres telz

languages: the whiche nevertheless the sayd compilatours have overtaken, langages: ce que neantmoins les ditz compilateurs ont entrepris

te the ende that I ne say presumed to do, how beit they have nat ben but lytell (affin que ne die presumés) de faire, ja soit quilz naient esté que petit de

tyme to lerne it, but now beit so that suche rules and techyng ben temps a laprendre, mais or soit ainsy que telz régles et ensegnementz soient

sufficient and farre above my workes, by cause nevertheless that tressuffisans et loing par desus mes oeuures, pour ce toutes fois que

now natwithstandyng myn ignorancy, I am agayne by my most redoubted maintenant (nonobstant mon ignorance) suis derechief (par mon tres redoubté

lorde and prince the kynge above named, ordayned to administre myn accustomed seigneur et prince le roy dessus nommé) ordonné dadministrer mon accoustumé

poore and unworthy servyce to most illustre, ryght exellente and ryght poure et indigne seruice a tres illustre, tres exellente et tres

vertuouse lady my lady Mary of Englande his ryght entierly well beloved uertueuse dame ma dame Mary dEngleterre sa tres entierement bien aymée

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doughter, the whiche right specially and straytly hath me commanded and fille, laquelle tres espécialement et estroitement ma comandé et

encharged to reduce and to put by writtynge the maner how I have proceded enchargé de reduire et mectre par escript la maniere coment jay procédé

towarde her sayd progenitours and predecessours, as that same also by the which enuers ses dictz progeniteurs et predecesseurs, come celle aussy par la quelle

I have her so so taught, and do teche dayly whiche to refuse, je lay tellement quellement instruit, et instruis journellement, ce que refuser

nat withstandynge the reasons above sayd alleged, I durst nat, nor wolde nat (nonobstant les raisons dessus dictes alleguée) noseroie ne uouldroie,

how beit that I am ryght well assured to merite more for and by cause of myn combien que soie tres asseuré de plus meriter pour et cause de mon

obedience than by any seruice or sacrifyce that to her I may do, fulfyllyng obedience que par aulcun seruice ou sacrifice que luy puisse prestér, accomplissant

her most noble and gracious comandement, gratious say I, by cause son tresnoble et gracieux comandement, gracieus dis je, pour ce

that her beniuolence and good wyll is to proffite to others as to que sa beniuolence et bon uoulloir est de prouffiter aux aultres come a

herselfe, wherfore I supplie and require all reders the causes and reasons elle mesme, pourquoi je suplie et requier tous lecteurs les causes et raisons

aboue sayd contempled and consydered to have me for to be excused, and ther dessus dictes contempléez et consideréez mauoir pour excusé, et la

where they shall se the good Homer have ben aslepe to be wyllyng by good maner où ilz verront le bon Homère auoir dormy le uoulloir par bonne maniere

to wake him, in correctyng the fautes in the whiche by cause of the same he is esueiller en corrigeant les faultes esquelles a cause de ce il est

fallin, the whiche doyng they shall deserve nat only to be lauded and praysed, encouru, ce que faisantz ilz mériteront nonseullement destre loués et prisés,

but also in theyr workes and operations taxed and estimed of maner mais aussy en leurs euures et operations taxés et estimés de maniere

lyke, and to the same answeryng. reciprocque et corespondent.

ENDE OF THE PROLOGUE.

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HERE AFTER FOLOWETH THE TABLE OF THIS PRESENT TREATYSE.

This lytle worke shalbe devided in two bokes, wherof the fyrst shal have two partes.

In the fyrst part shalbe treated of rules, that is redyng frenche, and what letters shall be lefte unbesounde, and the cause therof.

The seconde parte shalbe of nownes, pronownes, adverbes, participles, with verbes, prepositions, and conjunctions.

Also certayne rules for conjugations.

Item fyve or six maners of conjugations with one verbe.

Item conjugations with two pronownes and with thre and fynally combining or joinyng II verbes togeder.

The second boke shall be of lettres missyves in prose and in ryme.

Also diuerse comunications by way of dialoges, to receyve a messager from the emperour, the frenche kynge, or any other prince.

Also other comunications of the propriete of mete, of love, of peas, of warres, of the exposicion of the masse, and what mannes soule is, with the division of tyme, and other conseites.

FINIS.

A PROLOGUE FOR AN INTRODUCTORY.

The thynges that directely expressed maye nat be ought to be declared Les choses qui a droit exprimer ne se peuuent doibuent estre declareez

by syncopation of sylence, by cause that by sylence one doth answer to many par sincopacion taciturne, pour ce que par silence on respond a pluisieurs

thynges. Syncopation is none other thyng but abreviation of length, and prolixite choses. Sincopation nest aultre chose quabreuiacion de prolixite, et prolixite

is superfluitie of wordes in declarying a thyng. Wherfore in all est superfluite de paroles en declarant une chose. Pourquoy en toutes

workes one ought to be shorte. We shall begynne this boke than in the name oeuures on doibt estre brief. Nous commencerons ce liure doncques ou nom

of God all mighty and shall ende it with the helpe of hym, procedyng by the de Dieu tout puissant et lacheuerons a laide diceluy, procedant par le

counsayle of Orace, whiche is as shorte as possible shalbe. conseil dOrace, qui est le plus brief que possible sera.

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HERE FOLOWETH THE FYRST BOKE OF SEVYN RULES FOR TO REDE AND TO PRONOUNCE FRENCHE TREWLY.

THE FYRST is howe the fyve vowels, that is to saye _a_, _e_, _i_, _o_, and _v_, shalbe sounded in redyng french.

Ye shal pronounce your _a_, as wyde open mouthed as ye can; your _e_, as ye do in latyn, almost as brode as ye pronounce your _a_ in englysshe; your _i_, as sharpe as can be; _o_, as ye do in englyssh, and _v_ after the Skottes, as in this worde _gud_. These fyve uowels be consonantes when they receyve nat their full sounde, as in this worde _jamais_ the fyrst _a_ is a uowell, and the seconde is a consonant.

Example of _e_, as _déité_ and _magesté_, where bothe _ees_ of _deite_ be uowels, and the fyrst of _magesté_ is a consonant and the seconde is a uowell. Wherfore ye shall understande that the moste parte of _ees_ in french be consonantes, save fewe with suche wordes as come out of latyn. Example of me, the, hym, that, of, the, do, to say, to put, oure, your,

consonantes _me_, _te_, _se_, _que_, _de_, _le_, _faire_, _dire_, _mectre_, _nostre_, _vostre_,

wher is never a uowel. All the _ees_ that shalbe uowels in this present boke shalbe marked as the dyptong is in latyn, thus _é_.

THE SECONDE RULE.

Also in redyng frenche ye shall leave the last letter of every worde unsounde, endyng in _s_, _t_, and _p_, save of the same worde wherupon ye do pause or rest, for if ye do pronounce every worde by hymselfe, that is to say, restyng upon the same, ye ought for to pronounce and sounde him thorowe. And if any word endyng with an _s_, have the next worde folowyng begynning with a uowell, than shall ye sounde the said _s_, lyke a _z_,

never others

as in these wordes _jamais aultres_ ye shal rede _jamaiz aultre_, as it were but one worde, but if the next worde commyng after the _s_ be a consonant, than shall the said _s_ remayne unsounde, as in these wordes _jamais narés_, (never shall ye have) the _s_ of _jamais_ shall nat be sounde. Provyded alwayes, as is sayde before, that ye do nat pause nor rest upon the worde, for so doyng ye must sounde it parfitely.

THE THYRDE RULE.

Whan one worde doth ende with a uowell, and the next folowyng after

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begyn with another, than the fyrste shalbe unsounde, as in these wordes, but in you I me have I the have I him have _que en uous_, ye shall rede _quen uous_, and _je me ay_, _je te ay_, je le ay_, ye shall rede _je may_, _je tay_, _je lay_, and so of all suche lyke, excepte some wordes whiche be nat used in Fraunce, as _tu as_, _thou hast_. Where bothe uowels must be sounde, howbeit the Picardes sounde it after the sayd rule, sayeng _tas_ for _tu as_, _tes_ for _tu es_, thou arte. And if ye fynde two _ees_ endynge and begynnynge a worde, ye shall leave the tone, as in these it is with the well wordes, _il te est bien_, ye shall rede _il test bien_. And of _e_, and _a_, as in these wordes _que a_, but te, ye shall rede _qua_. Of _e_, and _o_, as in these wordes, _que on_, but one, ye shal rede _quon_. Of _a_ and _o_, as in these wordes, _pourra on_, may one, ye shall rede _pourran_. And in lyke maner of all other of that termynation.

THE FOURTH RULE.

An _s_, in the begynnynge of a worde hath his full sounde, as dothe wyse wylde appere by these wordes folowyng, _sage_, _sauuage_, _sapient_, _etc._ but in the myddes beynge eyther before a consonant or a uowell, shall be sounded I sayde I dyd I brake I holde peace. lyke a _z_, as in these wordes _disoie_, _faisoie_, _brisoie_, _taisoie_, _etc._

THE FYFTH RULE.

Whan _st_ dothe come togider in a worde hauing a uowell before it, than the sayde _s_ shall remayne unsounde, but it shall encreace the sounde of to wast to taste to haste, the sayde uowell, as in these wordes _gaster_, _taster_, _haster_, ye shall rede _gaater_, _taater_, _haater_.

myne hoste come agayne anone And _mon hoste reuenes tantost_: ye shall rede _mon hoote reuenes tantoot_: ye shall nevertheles except al those that be nyghe the to protest to shewe latyn, as _protester_, _manifester_, _contester_, to withstande: and suche lyke, whiche must have the sayd _s_, well and parfitly sounded and pronounced, for it is nat possyble to fynde a rule so generall and infallible to serue for euery worde as was said aboue in the prologue.

THE SIXT RULE.

There is in french dyuers wordes, whiche for denotation or signifycation

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of plurarite dothe ende with an _s_, or with a _z_, for without he same they be synguler nombre, as these wordes and such lyke worde fyste write a lefe _mot_, _puing_, _escript_, _feullet_, whiche be all synguler nombres: and if ye do adde a _z_, at the latter ende of them, than are they plurell nombres, as _motz_, _puingz_, _escriptz_, _feulletz_: and than shall ye nat sounde the letter before the sayd _z_, redynge _mos_, _puins_, _feullés_. And lyke wise whan a worde hath a _p_, or _b_, in the myddes endyng the syllable, ye shall leaue them unsounde, as in these wordes and

dewtie dette to write suche lyke, _debuoir_, _debte_, _escripre_: ye shal rede _deuoir_, _det_, _escrire_. But whan they do begyn the worde or the syllable, than shall they be pronounced, putte away debated to breke as these wordes, _deboute_, _debatu_, _debriser_, _etc._

THE SEVENTH RULE.

There is two maner of wordes harde for to be pronounced in french. The fyrst is written with a double _ll_ whiche must be souned togider, as _lla_, _lle_, _lly_, _llo_, _llu_, as in these wordes, gave cutte gader lefe bayly fayle _bailla_, _tailla_, _ceulle_, _feulle_, _bally_, _fally_,

white knele a tymer hamer full of leaves
_moullet_, _engenoullet_, _mallot_, _feullu_, _houllu_.

The seconde maner harde to pronounce ben written with _gn_, before a uowell, as _gna_, _gne_, _gni_, _gno_, _gnu_. As in these wordes wan dyd blede lyne combe vyne scabbe felowe _gagna_, _saigna_, _ligne_, _pigne_, _uigne_, _tigne_, _compagne_,

swell wanton wanton
_laigne_, _mignon_, _mignarde_,

ye shal except many wordes that be so written and nat so pronounced, endyng specially in _e_, as worthy swanne hyghe corage _digne_, _cigne_, _magnanime_, _etc._ They that can pronounce these wordes in latyn after the Italians maner, as (_agnus_, _dignus_, _magnus_, _magnanimus_) have bothe the understandyng and the pronouncynge of the sayde rule and of the wordes. Ye shall fynde many suche among the nownes, uerbes, and adverbes that herafter be folowynge, the whiche shall have the double _l_, thus written _ll_, besyde the word and _gn_, besyde the tother.

THE NAMES OF MEMBRES LONGYNG TO MANNES BODY ASWELL INWARDE AS OUT WARDE.

the heed or chyfe le chief

the scoull la teste

the heeres les cheueulz

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womens heares les tresches

the busshe la cheuelure

the perwyke la perrucque

the heares ll. la cheuechalle

the forhed le front

the temples les temples

the browes les sourcilz

the visage le visage

the berde la barbe

the face le viaire

the face la face

the eye or eyes loeul

the eyes les yeux

the lydde la paulpiere

the lyddes les paulpieres

the ball of the eye la pupille

the nose le naes

the nose thrilles ll. les narilles

the chekes les joes

the nether chekes les bajoes

the eare loreille

the eares les oreilles

the mowth la bouce

beastes mowthe la geule

the lyppes les leures

the tonge la langue

the rouf of the mowth le palais

or ou palet

the teeth les dentz

the gommes les genciues

the jaws les machoires

the inward jawes les mandibulles

the chynne le menton

the throte bo?te le gosier

the gorge la gargate

the gorge la gorge

the necke le col

the knot of the neck le neu du col

the hole of the necke la fosse du col

the kenel of the necke la canol du col

the sholder lespaule

the armes les bras

the elbowe la coude

the elbowes les coudes

the fyste le puing

the fystes les puingz

the hande la main

the handes les mains

the bat of the hande le dos de la main

the balle of the hande la paulme

the balles les paulmes

the finger le doigt

the fingers les doigz

the thombe le poulce

the thombes les poulces

the jointe la joincte

the joyntes les joinctes

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the naile longle

the nayles les ongles

the brest la poictrine

the forke of the brest la fourcelle

the breste la mamelle

the brestes les mamelles

the body le corps

the wast le fauz du corpz

the holes under the armes les esselles

the bely le uentre

the nauyl le nombril

the backe le dos

the chyne leschine

the rayns les rains

the buttockes les fesses

the buttocke la fesse

the hippe la hanche

the hippes les hanches

the grynes les ames

the nether beerde la penilliere

the thighe la cuisse

the thighes les cuisses

the knee le genouil

the knees les genoulz

the hamme le jaret

the hammes les jaretz

the legge la jambe

the legges les jambes

the chyne boone la greue

or the backe of ou le dos de

the legge la jambe

the calfe of the legge le pomeau

the ancle ll. la cheuille

the ancles ll. les cheuilles

the hele le talon

the foote le pied

the feetes les piedz

the back of the foote le dos du pied

the soole la plante

the sooles les plantes

the great too le graunt orteil

the toes les orteilz

THE INWARD MEMBRES.

the braine le cerueau

the hering louye

the sight la ueue

the smellyng lolfact

the smellyng le flairer

the taste le goust

the telynge le taste

the chawyng le macer

the swalowyng lauailer

the hert le ceur

the stomake lestomac

the galle le feil

the leuer le foie

the lyver le gisier

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the longe le poulmo

the mylte lesplene

or the mylte ou la rate

or mylte ou ratelle

the bledder la uessie

the kydneys gn. les rognons

the uryne lurine

the guttes les boiaulz

the small guttes les intestins

thinward part of the bely ll. les entrailles

the gader la coree

the blode le sang

the coller la colere

the melancoly la melencolie

the fleame le flegme

the senewes les nerfz

the ueynes les uaines

the ueynes of the puls les arteres

the pulse le pulse

the rybbes les costes

the bones les os

the brethe lalaine

the spyttell la saliue

the spyttyng le crachat

OTHER NAMES BEYNG IN MAN.

the soule lame

the spyrite lesperit

the wytte le sens

the wyll le uoullior

the wyll la uoullente

the rayson la raison

the memory la memoire

the understandyng lentendement

the thought la pensée

the ymagination limagination

the jugement le jugement

the opynyon lopinion

the stomake le courage

the hardynesse la hardiesse

the cowardnesse la couardise

feblenesse of corage la lacheté

the feare la peur

the truthe la uerité

the leasyng le mensonge

the drede la crainte

the ferefulnesse lespouantement

the strength la force

the feblenesse la foiblesse

the mansuetude la debonaireté

the angrefull disposition la felonie

the malyce la malice

the cruelnesse la cruaulté

the goodnesse la bonté

the frowardnesse la mauuaisté

the peace la paix

the rest le repos

the trouble le trouble

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the labour ll. le trauaill

the stedfastnesse la constance

the unstedfastnesse la uariableté

the hatered la hayne

the frendship lamitié

the joye la joye

the sorowe la tristesse

the heuynesse lennuy

the rejoysyng le rejouissement

the angre le corous

the sporte lesbatement

the wrath lire

the pacyence la pacience

the pride lorgeul

the mekenesse lhumilité

the envy lenuie

the charyte la charité

the dilygence la deligence

the lytell corage la pusillanimité

the glotony la glotonnie

the sobernesse la sobrieté

lechery luxure

the chastyte la chasteté

coueytyse conuoitise

lyberalytie liberalité

auaryce auarice

waste prodigalité

to go about rychesse ambicion

wylfull pouertie uoluntaire poureté

boostyng la uantance

presumptuous larrogance

the truthe in lyueng la preudomie

the falsehed la faulceté

the lyfe la uie

the dethe la mort

the youthe la jeunesse

the age ll. la uiellesse

the ignorauncy lignoraunce

the wysdome la sagesse

the byrth la neissance

the chyldhode lenfance

the feblenesse la debilité

the manhood la uirilité

the foulenesse la turpitude

the honeste lhonnesteté

the insolency linsolence

the stablenes la fermeté

the bondage la seruitude

the fredome la liberté

the honoure lhonneur

the shame la honte

the rychesse la richesse

the nedynes la poureté

the sikenes la maladie

the helth la santé

the pourete lindigence

the plente la plenté

Page 906

the plenty labondance

the nigardnes la chiceté

the rudenes la rudesse

the swyftness la promptitude

the inclynation la propension

facyle inclynation la procliuité

the desyre to slepe lassoupissement

the quyckenesse la uiuacité

the graunt lottroy

the denyeng le deniement

the heate la challeur

the coldnesse la froydure

the drynesse la seicheur

the moystnesse lhumidité

the laughyng le rire

the wepyng le plourer

the complaynyng le playndre

the lamentyng le lamenter

the yexyng le sanglouter

the neesyng lesternuer

the snowring le ronfler

the syghynges le souperer

syghes soupirs

the yexynges les sanglous

the spyttyng le cracher

to blowe the nose le mouchér

the slepynge le dormir

the watchyng le ueillier

the slepe le sompne

the dreamyng le songer

the drinkyng le boire

the eatynge le menger

the sacyate le saoul

the hungry le familleus

THE NAMES OF WOMENS REMENTES.

the smocke le chemisse

the coler le colet

the sleves les manches

the gussettes le goucerons

the surfyls les ourletz

the seames les coustures

the kyrtell le corset

the krytell la cottelette

the petycote la cotte simple

the gowne la robbe

the placharde le placart

the cuffes les bonbardes

the purfyll la bordure

the lynynge la doublure

the furre la fourrure

the under gyrdell le demy chaint

the gyrdell la chainture

the purse la bourse

the pyncase lespinceau

or the case for pynnes ou lespinglier

the heed atayre lattour

the frenche hode le chapperon a plis

Page 907

the bonette le bonnet

the crispynes les crespines

the frontler of velvet ll. les beatilles

the templettes les templettes

the partelet le gorgias

the necke kerchef la colerette

the kercher le ceuurechief

the partelet le colet

the partelet le colier

the bracel le bracelet

the tache lesgrappe

the ringes les aneaulz

the owche la bague

to close the necke kercher ll. le fermall

a broche lafficque

an image limage

the gabardine la gauardine

the tipet la cornette

the cloke le manteau

the bone grace le moufflet

the knyves les coutteaus

the beedes les patenostres

the hande kercher lesmouchail

the hande kercher ou mouchoir

the lace le lacz

the small lace le lacet

the combe le pigne

the lye la lessiue

the gloves les gantz

the tymble le does

the nydel ll. lesguille

the pynnes les espingles

the brusshe to swepe les espoussettes, la uerge a esterdre

the hooses les chausses

the garters les jartiers

the pynson showes les eschapins

the showes les soliés

the buskyns les brousequins

the slyppars les pantouffles

the sheres les forces

the small sheres ou forcettes

MENS REMENT.

the sherte la chemisse

the doublet le pourpoint

the coote le seon or say

the jacquete la jacquete

the jacquete le hecqueton

the gowne la robbe

the partelet le colet

the hat le chapiau

lappe of man la tocque

the cappe le bonnet

the hoode le chaperon

the gyrdel la chainture

the sworde lespee

Page 908

the spanische sworde la rapiere

the dagar la dague

the bagge la gibessiere

the purse la louiere

the purse laulmoniere

the bootes les botes

the bootes les houseaus

the spores les esperons

the shylde lescu

the paueys la parme

a great buccler la taloche

the buccler le bouclier

the camell le camiau

the drommadary le dromadaire

the asse lasne

the horse le cheual

and all beestes et touttes bestes

bearyng sadyls portant selles

or fardels ou fardeau

or packes ou uoiture

have nede ont mestier

of packe sadyls or of de batz ou de

saddyls, the whiche selles, les quelles

have a pomell a pommeau

backe and boweth dos et archons

sursyngles soursangles

and pannels et paneaus

than the heed-stall, puis la testierre

reyne, and resne, et

byttes, make the mors, font la

bridell bride

the petrell le poitral

the gyrthes les sengles

the styroppes les estries

the styrop ledders les estriuieres

the crouper la croupiere

the buckeles les boucles

and the nayles et les clous

that one can nat quon ne peult

make nor forge faire ne forger

without the anuyle sans lenclume

the fyle the la lime, le

hammer marteau

the pyncettes ll. les tenailles

the coles les charbons

with the fyre auec le feu

ayre, water, and aire, eaue et

erthe, with the terre, auec le

smyth marechall

or locker ou serrurier

THE CHAMBRE.

the bedde le lict

the bolster le trauersin

or the bolster ou le chauet

the pyllowes ll. les oreilliers

the blankettes les blanchetz

the shetes les linceulz

Page 909

the couerlette le couuertior

the sparuer le ciel

the sparuer ll. le pauillon

the curtyns les courtines

the hangyng la tapisserie

the carpettes les tapis uelus

the quyishens les carriaus

all one les coissins

the bedde portatyve le lict de camp

the bedstede le chalict

the borde la table

the trestels les tresteaus

the forme le banc

the chayres les chaieres

the stools les escabelles

the forte stoole le marce pied

the table cloth la nape

the napkyns les seruiettes

the salt le sel

the salt saler la saliere

the chafyng dysshe la chauffette

the spones les cuillieres

the trenchers les trenchoirs

the platters les platz

the dysshes les escuelles

the sawcers les saussiers

the bred le pain

the fleshe la cher

the butter le beurre

the chese le fromage

the egges les oeufz

the whyte wyn le uin blanc

the claret le claret

the rede darke ll. le uermeill

the wyne red le uin rouge

ypocras ypocras

the waffers les oubliez

the succades la succad

the confittes la dragerie

the confections les confitures

the coup borde le buffet

the pottes les potz

the flagons les flagons

the couppes les couppes

the boles les tasses

a genial name for cuppes les hanapz

the gobbelettes les gobeletz

the glasses les uoires

and the water et leau

for to washe them pour les rincer

the bacin le bacin

the ewer lesguiere

THE KECHIN.

the mayster coke le sommelier

the yoman coke les cuisinies

gromes of the kechin uarletz de cuisin

turne broches les galopins

Page 910

the pottes les potz

the pannes les poelles

the caudrons les chaudrons

the spyttes les hastiez

the spyttes les broches

the morters les mortiers

the pestels les pestiaus

the serces les tamis

the stamels les estamines

the instrument for to larde le lardeur

the bacon le lard

the mustarde la moustarde

the grene sauce la sausse uerde

the gambon le jambon

the befe le beuf

the bull le tor

the cowe la uache

the calfe, vele le ueau

the mutton le mouton

the sholder lespoule

the gygot, a brest le gigot

the chyne leschine

the rybbes les costes

the necks le colet

the trotters les trottins

the lambe gn. lagneau

the heed la teste

the gader or nombles la couree

the skynne la piau

the ramme le belin

the ewe la brebis

the he gotte le bouc

the she gotte la chieuure

the swyne or hogge le pourceau

the boore le uerrart

the boore le uer

the wylde boore le senglier

the sowe la truye

the pygge le cochon

HAUKES OF PRAY SYXTENE KYNDES.

the egle laigle

gerfaucon gerfau

the tercell gerk

sacres sacres

the tercell sacretz

falcons faulcons

the tercell tierceletz

lenners lainers

lanerettes laneretz

meryllons ll. esmerillons

hobbeys hobriaus

goshaukes austours

tercels tierceletz

uperhaukes esparuiers

muskettes mouchetz

crystrels cretreulles

the thrusshe mauluis

Page 911

the cocowe coucou

cocowe cocou

glede mellans

puttockes escoufles

the blewe kyte faulz perdrier

bussardes busartz

bruhiers bruhiers

greater than the egle uoultoires

the ducke oule le duc chahuan

the oule le chahuan

the lytell oule la chouette

the ravyn le corbiau

the crowe la cornaille

the highwale lespec

the unthatche le picmars

the dawe le canne

the pye la pie

the pye lagace

the jaye le jay

the henne la poulle

the henne le geline

the chekyns les poucins

the cocke le coc

the capon le chappon

the partryche la perdris

the yong partryches les pertriaus

the fesaunt le faisant

the dove le coulomb

the rynged dove le ramier

the stocke dove le creuset

the turtle dove la tourtrelle

the pygions les pigeons

the cormorande le cormorain

the wodcocke la becasse

the quayle la quaille

the larke lalouette

the plouuer le pluuier

the lapwyng le uaniau

the crane la grue

the bustarde lautarde

the pecoke le paon

the swanne le signe

the goose louoye

wylde souuage

tame domenche

the barnacle le barnacle

the gander le jar

the goslynges les oisons

the heyron le heron

the shoveler le trublet

theggret laigret

the byttour le buto

the storke la cigoin

the malarde le malard

the malarde le canart

the ducke la canne

the ducke lanette

Page 912

the ducklyns les annetons

the coote la joudelle

the coote la blarie

the teyle le cercelle

the starlyng lestourneau

the star lesprohon

the felde fare la griue

the osyll le merle

the sparowe le passereau

the sparowe le moisson

the fynche le pinchon

the blewe back and redbrest la pioue

the wagtayle la bergieronnet

the wagtayle le hochecul

the grene fynche le frion

the grene fynche la verdiere

the gold fynche la cardinotte

the lynnnet la linotte

the coldmouse la messange

the nyghtyngale gn. le rossignol

rocyn redbrest la robaille

the wrenne le rotelet

FRUTES.

cherys cherises

small cherys guingues

great cherys gascongnes

small cherys merises

[something missing?] cormes

[something missing?] sorbes

raspyse franboises

gose berrys groiselles

strawberys freses

apples pommes

perys poires

plummes prunes

dampsons prunes de damas

peches pesches

mulberys moures

melons melons

gourdes gourdes

coucumbers coucombres

granades grenades

orenges orenges

openarses mesles

medlers neffles

chestayns gn. chatangnes

walnottes nois

fylberdes nois franches

small nottes noisettes

WHYT MEATES.

custardes dariolles

flawnes flans

tartes tartes

pasteys pastés

frytters bignetz

VENESON.

the harte le cerf

Page 913

the hynde la biche

the bucke le dain

the doe la daine

the robucke le saillant

the robucke la capreolle

the robucke le cheuriau

the hare le leure

the watte le leurart

the conys les connis

the rabettes les lapriaus

the rabettes les lapins

FYSHES.

alose or shaddes aloses

eeles ll. anguilles

whelkes balaines

barbyls barbeaus

base bars

breames bresmes

pykes brocetz

carpes carpes

haddockes cableaus

myllers thombes caboceaus

congers congres

coccles cocques

crabbes crabbes

dogge fysshe chien de mer

cheuyns chieuennes

shrimpes creuettes

porpasse daulphin

sturgyons esturgeons

smeltes espelans

creuice deau douce escreuice

goienne gougeons

crevyce of the see houmars

whyte heryng harenc blanc

reed heryng harenc sor

lampreys lamproiez

loches loches

makerell macreaus

muskels moulles

whytynges melans

mullettes muletz

the see swyne marsouin

oysters hiutres

perches perces

plaise plais

ray or thornbacke rayes

roches roches

husses roussettes

rochettes rougetz

salmons saulmons

solles solles

tonyne toninnes

tenches tences

gournardes tumbes

trowtes treute

turbottes turbot

Page 914

menews uerron

[something missing] uendoise

TREES.

the almande tre amandier

thelder aulne

hau thorne bearing aubespin portant

the beris curelles

wodde, tymber bois, fust

tymber fewell mairien laigne

fagottes faceaus, fagotz

logges huches

kyndlyng fagottes bourreez

barberis barberis

boxe buis

heyth bruiere

busshes buissons

byrche bouill

a place full of hasels couldrieres

hasell couldre

chestayne tree chataignier

chery tree cherisier

honysocle tre eiebrou

all one chieurefeul

tyller of a crosbowe cormier

cornus ll. cornillier

oke beryng chesnes portant

acornes glandz

cipre tree cipres

quyne aple tre coingz

palmier datiers

maples errables

thornes blacke espines noire

and whyte et blanche

eglentine esglentier

biche or the tre fou ou haitre

that beareth qui porte

the maste foynes

figge tre figuier

raspis tre francboisier

ashe fresne

small chery tre guinguier

the same agayne badeolier

wylde cherys merisier

great chery tre gascongnier

gowsbery tre groiselier

grenade tre grenadier

browme genistres

the pocke tre gaiaqz ou eban

holy or holme houll

jue yerre

jenoper jenopure

ewe iff

firres or gost songniarins ou rauenelles

the bay tre laurier

more bery tre mourier

medler meslier

Page 915

opyners tre nefflier

walnot tre noier

basels noisiers

oliue tre oliuiers

wylows or osiers osiers

orange tre orengiers

elmes ourmes

aple tre pommiers

peerre tre poiriers

plomme tre pruniers

peche tre peschiers

pinaple tre pins

plane planes

poplar tre poupeliers

rosiers rosiers

breeres rouces

rosmarie rosmarins

fyrs sapins

the place of wilowes saussoie

wylowes saus

serues tre seruiers

elder tre sehuc

aspes trembles

tron a lytell tre trosne

vynes uignes

cornes bledz

whette fourment

rye seigle

daruell iuraie

all one jargerie

all one or zizany droe

ootes auaine

barley myll orge myll

beanes febues

peeses pois

great peeses cices

small peeses ll. lentilles

small beanes lupins

all one lobis

ryse riez

fetche uesche

hempe sede canebuise

line side linuuy

rape side nauette

mostard syde senneué

strawe estrain

straw or hay feurre

hey foyn

litter or chaff paille

pease strawe pesas

mele flour farine fleur

branne tercou

alle one son

trowgh mayt

paste levyn paste leuain

to knede pestrir

ouuen four

Page 916

to put in the ouuen enfourner

{ white
{ blanc
{
brede { black
pain { bis
{
{ brown
{ brun

NAMES OF OFFICERS REGALLES.

the great master le grand maistre

the steward le maistre dhostel

the great chamberlayn le chambrier

the second chamberlin le chamberlain

the cuppe bearer le echanson

the seuer le pannetier

sergeantes officers le somellier

master of horses le grant escuier

the squier under him lescuier descurie

the great hownter le grant ueneur

the master of hawkes le grant faulconner

the master of the forest le verdier

the see la mer

of the see la marinne

of the see in the masculin marin

the tyde marée

springe sourjon

springe sourse

fountayne fontaine

riuer riuiere

the shawre riue

a furde le gué

the poole le uiuier

the great poole lestant

the hole la fosse

the dykes les fosses

the broke le rieu

the broke or chenell le ruisseau

cysterne citerne

a shyppe nauire

a barge nef

a shyppe bote scaffe

a lytell bote nacelle

a ferry bote bac

a square bote bacquet

a lytell barge chalan

all one santine

a whery cymbe

to suche flocke a tel aumaille

suche shepherde tel bergier

{ of shepe
{ de brebis
{
flocke { of gotes
ung { de chieures
tropeau {
{ of kyne
{ de uaches
{
{ of mares
{ de jumentz

stoude of stalons haras des talons

of coltes
de poulains

PROPERTES OF BEESTES.

a man dothe syng ung homme chante

an asse ung asne recane

a cowe lowes une uache mugist

a shepe bletes une brebis beste

a wolfe and a ung loup et ung

Page 917

dogge houles chien hulent

the cat and the lyon le chat et le lion

grynneth groulent

a hogge ung pourceau

groneth grongne

a chorle hommeth ung uillain

or grudgeth hongne

a dogge barketh ung chien abaie

a foxe and ung renart et

an otter panteth ung putois glatissent

the serpentes hysses les serpens siblent

the byrdes les oiseauz

chermes and chattereth jargonent et degoisent

the man is well lhomme est bien

shaped, that hath the fourmé, qui a le

troncke ryght, and the tronc droit, et le

remenaunt lyke tige semblable

longe long, longue

shorte court, courte

brefe brief, briefue

great grand, grande

groose gros, grosse

dimynutyve groset, grossette

small or sclender gresle

fatte gras, grasse

thynne delié tenue

small menu menue

thycke espes espesse

thycke or rype drue drue

lyght legier legiere

hevy pesant pesante

holowe creu creuse

hole or sounde entier entiere

solude massif massifue

streyght estroit estroite

large large largeur

ynough plenté

all one prou

plentie foison

inough assés

ynough lytell assés pou

all one assés petit

to moche trop

more lesse plus moins

nygarde escars, escarse

softe mol molle

harde dur dure duret durette

lyar menteur mentresse

swete douls doulce

bytter amer amere

bytternesse amertume

vyle ord orde

foule sal salle

spotted souillé souillée

vyllayne villain villaine

craver truand truande

Page 918

begger belitre, belitresse

lepre pouacre infect

knave coquin coquine

begger kemand kemande

boy gyrle garcon garce

boy gyrle hardeau hardele

glotton gourmand gourmande

malapert cocard cocarde

lykerous friand friande

wanton mignon mignart

wanton woman mignarde

lyar mensongier mensongiere

jester bourdeur bourderesse

beggler trompeur trompeuse

jangler cacqueteur cacquetresse

reprover ramponeur ramponeresse

hore monger paillard

hore paillarde

hore monger ribauld

hoore ribaulde

hoore monger putier

hoore putain

baude macreau macquerelle

a thefe laron

a she thefe laronnesse

SALUTATYONS IN FRENCHE, WHICHE MAY BE TOURNED TWO MANER WAYES,
AS WHAN YE SAYE IN ENGLISSHE, GOD GYVE YOU GOOD MOROWE,
YE MAY SAYE, GOOD MOROWE GYVE YOU GOD,
AS YE SHALL SE HERE FOLOWYNGE.

good morowe bon jour

good yere bon an

good evenyng bon vespre

good evyn bon soir

good nyght bonne nuyt

good meetyng bon encontre

good joye bon joie

Page 919

me good lyfe and longe me
me bonne vie et longue me

the good fortune the
te bonne fortune te

God hym gyve good prosperyte and to you him gyve God Dieu luy doint bonne prosperité et a vous luy doint Dieu

us well to prospere us
nous bien prosperer nous

you good lucke you
vous bon heur vous

them good begynnyng them
leurs bon commencement leurs

good meane
bon moien

good ende, and well to fynisshe
bon fin, ou bien acheuer

well to lyve, well to dye
bien uiure, bien mourir

good helthe
bonne sante

paradyse at the ende
paradis en la fin

the hole, or the fulfyllyng of your desyres
lentier ou laccomplissement de vos desirs

God kepe, God blesse, God save, God gyde you.
Dieu gart, Dieu benie, Dieu sauue, Dieu uous conduye.

God be within, God be your helpe, God be wyllynge to helpe you, God kepe you Dieu soit ceans, Dieu vous soit en aide, Dieu vous veulle aider, Dieu vous garde

from yvell and trouble, I bydde you farwell, God be with you, I take my leave of you, farwell de mal et dencombrier, a dieu vous dis, a dieu soiez, adieu sans adieu, adieu

tyll we se agayne. jusques au reueoir.

Page 920

THE GENERATION OF COLOURS WITH THE BLASON OF THEM.

Colour is lyght incorporate in a body visyble pure and clene. There Coulleur est lumiere incorporée en ung perspectif pur et nect. Ilz

ben two dyfference of perspectyves, the one is pure, separate of erthlynesse, sont deux difference de perspectifz, lung est pur, séparé de terrestréité,

and the tother is spotted by the same and myxed lyght is devyded in et lautre est coinquiné par icelle et mixtioné lumiere est

four partes, that is to say clere, darke plentuous or scant, whiche is to understande quadri-partite, cest a dire clere, obscure habondante et rare, qui est a entendre

great or small. Wherfore it appereth that thre thynges dothe cause grande ou petite. Pourquoy il appert que trois choses causent

the essence of whythnesse, that is to say, clerenesse with habundaunce of the same, lessence de blancheur, cest a scauoir, clarté avec multitude dicelle,

and a body visyble clene and pure. And thre thynges lykewyse ben cause of et ung perspectif pur et nect. Et trois choses semblablement sont cause de

blacke colour, it is to say, lyght, darke with scarsnesse of it, and coulleur noir, cest a scauoir, lumiere, obscure auec paucite dicelle, et

perspectyve unclene. And by this is open the sayeng of Arystotell, and of Avenrois, perspectif impur. Et par ce est esclarcy le dict dAristote et de Avenrois,

whiche have put blacknesse for privation and whytnesse for habytude qui ont mis noircheur pour priuacion et blancheur pour habitude

or forme. And knowe ye that in these two colours lyeth all the others. ou forme. Et sachés quen ces deux coulleurs gisent toutes les aultres.

mournyng blacke deul noir sable

mekenesse whyte sylver humilite blanc argent

pride reed orgeul rouge geule

love grene amoureus verd sinople

stedfast blewe constant bleu asure

Page 921

gyle darke blewe deception pers

werynes tawny fatygation tauné

possessyon yelowe jouissance jaulne

hoope gray esperance gris

purple
magesté pourple

blody colour
cherité sanguin

vyolette
trahison violet

flour of peche tree
fleur de pescier

carnatyon
dissymulation carnation

chaungeable changeant

pale pale darke colour pasle blesme obscur

deed colour horse flesshe coulleur morte cher de cheual

HERE FOLOWETH DYVERS REASONS WITH SOME STRANGE WORDES FOR INTRODUCTION OF THE FRENCHE TONGE.

Out sette the hevynesse of slepe vayne and longe, a quyete slepe Hors mis lentommissement du somne vain et long, ung taisible dormir

is right necessary and delycious. est tres necessaire et delicieus.

A man doutfull and suspect of jelous is sone converted and tounred Ung homme doubteus et soupeconeus est tost conuerty et tourné

in smerte. en cusancon.

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A man alredy luke warme in deedly hete, kyndled of angre and Homme desja tiéde en mortelle challeur, embrasé de eorous et

madde of dispayre. forsené de désespoir.

A goodly lady, meke, trymmed, currteyse: damosell stedfast, symple, Dame gaillarde, benigne, cointe, courtoise: damoiselle constant, symple,

chaste, shamefast and honest. chaste, pudique et honeste.

A woman dishonest, redy to fall, shamelesse, wanton, subtyle, paynted Femme impudicque, lubricque, affrontée, mignarde, affaitée, fardée

and disceyvable. et rusée.

A gyrle havyng laughyng eyes, full of swete promyse, bearyng wytnesse Une garce aiant yeulx riantz, plains de doulx promettre, faisant foy

of a wanton wyll. dung voulloir feminin.

He is worthy of prayse, whiche enforceth him to gete by vertue greater Il est digne de louenge, qui senforce dacquerer par vertu plus haulte

lyght, for of it to sparcle the beames through all the worlde. lucence pour en espandre les rais par tout le monde.

It is folly to set our trust in thynges whiche shall fall sythe that we knowe Cest folie de nous fier ez choses qui cherront puisque cognoissons

selfely the soveraygne lyghtnesse to be darked of a lyght cloude. neiz les souuerains resplendisseurs estre obscurciez dune legiere nuée.

O fortune, sorowe encreasyng, and slombryng all delyces with great blame O fortune, doulleur aggrauant, et soupissant tous delices, a grant tort

a body by a lytell immoderate colere, doth angre hymself agaynst une personne par ung petit de colere immoderée, se indigne contre

his frende, at the lest without a faute goyng before. son amy, au moins sans prealable offence.

It is shame to a noble person with his strength to darke his honour Cest honte a une noble personne selon sa force obscurcir son honneur

by his shame. par ses hontes.

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If the humayne inclynation, whiche is wont for the most parte to refuse that Se lhumaine propension, qui seult pour la plus part refuser ce

which one to him doth ministre for most necessary, is nat somwhat restrayned, quon luy administre pour plus necessaire nest aulcunement cohibée,

scante shalbe able in any scyence to profyte. a paine pourra en aulcune science prouffiter.

We be right nygh clevyng the one to the other, bycause of naturall Nous sommes de pres adherentes les ung des aultres, a cause de naturalle

inclynation, specially havyng symilytude of maners togyder. procliuité, signament aiantz confirmité de meurs ensemble.

Those whiche by dignyties ben shewed above others ought to then sample Ceulz qui par dignites sont prééminence par dessus les aultres deueroient selon

of God, to put downe their pride and highnesse. Dieu, rabaisser leur crestes et haultesses.

To do the contrary is an infortunate accident springyng of malyce, and Faire au contraire est ung fortuit accident procedant de malice, et

yeldyng a man right dull, wherfore for nat to be gainsayeng and rendant ung homme fort empos, pour quoy pour non estre restif et

refusyng good counsayle: it is farre better to sustayne a good quarell, oppugnant bon conseil, trope mieulx vault soubstenir bonne querelle,

than to yelde hymselfe in suche trouble. que de soy rendre en telle berelle.

Pronownes devyded by the sixe articles of declynation, both synguler and plurell nombre. And these that ende in _a_, as _ma, ta, sa, la,_ ben all feminyn. And all those that dothe ende in _on_, and in _e_, as _mon, ton, son; me, te, se, le,_ ben all masculyne. And _mien, tien, sien,_ synguler nombre and masculyn, _miens, tiens, siens; mes, tes, ses,_ plurell nombre and masculyn. _Mienne, tienne, sienne, singuler; miennes, tiennes, siennes,_ plurell nombre and feminyn. But there ben certayne names of the femynyn, whiche do requyre the pronownes masculyns that must be excepted, as _mon ame, mon hotesse,_ and suche lyke: where both _ame_ and _hotesse_ ben femynyn gender, and _mon_ he (she) masculyn. And _me, te, se,_ ben indifferent, as in these wordes: _il, (elle) sayth to me, he (she) saith to the, he (she) saith to him; me dit, il (elle) te dit, il (elle) se dit;_ where _me, te, se,_ serve

Page 924 bothe for the masculyn and femynin. I, of me, to me, at me, o me, _Je, de moy, a moy, a me, a moy, o moy_, for me, to me, of me. _pour moy, a moy, de moy._ our, we, ours; of ours, to us, by Plurell, _nos, nous, nostres; les nostres, a nous, par_ our. for Thou, of the, to the; by the: o thou, _nos. O nous, o nos, pour nous. Tu, de toy, a toy; par te, par toy: o tu, o toy:_ by the. your, you, of yours; to you, by your, o ye: by you. He _par toy._ Plurell, _vos, vous, des vostres; a vous, par vos, o vous: pour vous. Il_ she, he, him; that same the same, that same, that or this. They, they, _elle; cil, luy; celuy, celle, icelle, icelluy, cestuy, ceste. Ilz, ceulx, elles_, them, those. What, howe, which, the which, of whom, to have. _celles, icelles, eulz, iceulz. Que, qui, quel, lequel, laquelle, de qui, a cui,_ by whom, the whiche. My, myne: to my, of my, myne: for _par quel, quelz, laquelle, lesquelles. Mon, mien: a mon, de mon, mien: pour_ me, for my: for myne: o my, o myne, for me, for _me, pour mon: pour le mien, par le mien: o mon, o my, o mien: pour me, pour_ myne, for Plurell nombre, Thy, my, his: thy, my, his: _mien, pour mon. Mes, miens, mienne, miennes, Ta, ma, sa: tes, mes, ses:_ thyne, myne, his: _tiens, miens, siens: miennes, tiennes, siennes._

Example for the femynin:

_Ma mere, ma seur, ma maistresse, ma cousine:_ _Ta mere, ta seur, ta maistresse, ta cousine:_ _Sa mere, sa seur, sa maistresse, sa cousine:_ _La mere, la seur, la maistresse, la cousine._

Example howe the pronowne masculyne shal be applyed as _Mon pere, mon frere, mon maistre, mon cousin:_ _Ton pere, ton frere, ton maistre, ton cousin:_ _Son pere, son frere, son maistre, son cousin:_ _Le pere, le frere, le maistre, le cousin_, and _mes, tes, ses, les_, for bothe plurell.

Also there be two pronownes, that ben pronounced in french by syncopation, the same and that same: for the femynine: as _cestuy cy_ et _cestuy la: ceste cy_ et _ceste la:_ where ye shall take but the last syllable of them, sayeng _stuicy, stuyla: stecy, stela._

PREPOSITIONS.

Nyghe, nyghe: towarde, towarde: for, by, up, downe, above, under Pres, joucte: enuers, deuers: pour, par, sus, jus, dessus, dessoubz:

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afore, before, agaynst, with, to, to the, of the, of, at this syde, beyonde. auant, deuant, contre, en contre: auec, a, au, du, de, deça, dela.

CONJUNCTIONS.

If, if, and, Sy, se, et, etc.

Here foloweth the adverbes, and howe ye shall turn, and forme an adverbe from englisshe into frenche, and specially those that signifye qualities, takyng this syllable _ly_ from them, and addyng _ment_ for it, as in these wordes folowynge:

propre } parfaite } honeste } habondant } cordial } prompte } incessante } real } instante } due } ment commune } ly signant } competente } reuerente } decente } couarde } harde } loial } condicional } compendieuse }

OTHER ADVERBES IN GENERALL.

this day huy

all this day meshuy

in this day au jourdhuy

yester day hiér

before yester day auant hiér

the tother day lautre hiér

to morowe demain

the day after lendemain

after to morowe appres demain

from hens forth desormais

ones agayne derechief

from hens forth dicy en auant

from hens forwarde de la en auant

this yere ouan

al this yere mesouan

not long a gone nagaires