Chapter V: From the Chronicle

l. 2. h[=e]r sind, there are here. _h[=e]r_ is here used analogously to _th[=ae]r_, as in II. 3 and the modern E. _there are_. Cp. also l. 12 below.

[.g]eth[=e]odu, languages as the test of nationality. It is believed that Latin was still spoken as a living language by the Romanized Britons at the time of the venerable Bede (eighth century), from whose Church History this section was taken by the compilers of the Chronicle.

l. 5. Armenia is an error for _Armorica_.

l. 6. Scithie, Scythia.

l. 8. Northibernie, North of Ireland.

l. 24. h[=e]r, at this date--at this place in the series of entries which constitute the Chronicle.

l. 26. Wyrt[.g]eorn is the regular development of an earlier *_Wurtigern_ from the British _Vortigern_.

l. 28. Ypwinesfl[=e]ot has not been identified; some say Ebbsfleet.

l. 45. Ae[.g]lesthrep, Aylesthorpe, a village near Aylesford.

l. 49. Cr[e,][.c][.g]anford, Crayford.

l. 52. The diction of this passage, with its alliteration and simile, shows that it is taken from some old poem.

l. 61. h[=ae]thne m[e,]nn, Danes.

l. 62. mid Defena-s[.c][=i]re, literally 'together with Devonshire,' that is 'with a force of Devonshire men.'

l. 64. dux is here written instead of _ealdormann_. So also we find _rex_ for _cyning_.

l. 65. Sandw[=i]c, Sandwich.

l. 68. f[=e]orthe healf hund, fourth half = three and a half. This is the regular way of expressing fractional numbers, as in the German _viertehalb_.

l. 71. S[=u]thri[.g]e, Surrey.

l. 73. [=A]cl[=e]a, Ockley.

l. 76. se h[e,]re, the Danish army. _h[e,]re_ got a bad sense, through its association with _h[e,]rgian_ (to harry), and hence is applied only to a plundering, marauding body of men. In the Laws _h[e,]re_ is defined as {96} a gang of thieves more than thirty-five in number. The national English army (militia) is called _fierd_, l. 71, 3 above.

Humbrem[=u]tha, mouth of the Humber.

l. 77. Eoforw[=i]c, York; a corruption of _Eboracum_.

l. 84. inne wurdon, got in.

l. 85. sume. Compare IV. 51.