Chapter V: Part II

I. AN EPIC OF THE CREATION WHICH CIRCULATED IN BABYLON AND
ASSYRIA IN THE SEVENTH CENTURY B. C. 235

Text of the Epic. Comparison of the Epic with the First
Chapter of Genesis. The Epic and Other Parts of the Bible.

II. ANOTHER ACCOUNT OF THE CREATION FOUND AT BABYLON 255

Text of the Account. Comparison of it with Genesis 2.

III. THE BABYLONIAN SABBATH 258

Feast of Marduk and Zarpanit. A Day called Shabatum. A Day
in Some Tablets at Yale.

IV. THE LEGEND OF ADAPA AND THE FALL OF MAN 260

Comparison with Genesis 3. The Adapa Myth.

V. THE PATRIARCHS BEFORE THE FLOOD 264

Babylonian Long-Lived Kings. Comparison with Genesis 5.
Comparison with Genesis 4. Comparison with the List of
Berossos.

VI. A BABYLONIAN ACCOUNT OF THE FLOOD, FROM A TABLET WRITTEN
AT NINEVEH IN THE SEVENTH CENTURY B. C. 273

Translation of the Text. Comparison with Genesis 6-9.
Another Babylonian Version.

VII. AN ACCOUNT OF THE CREATION AND FLOOD, FROM A TABLET
WRITTEN AT NIPPUR BEFORE 2000 B. C. 278

Translation. Comparison with the Other Version.

VIII. AN ACCOUNT OF THE ORIGIN OF A CITY AND THE BEGINNING OF
AGRICULTURE, FROM A TABLET WRITTEN AT NIPPUR BEFORE 2000 B. C. 283

Translation. Comparison with Biblical Material.

IX. ABRAHAM AND ARCHÆOLOGY 290

Abraham hired an Ox. Abraham leased a Farm. Abraham paid his
Rent. Who was this Abraham? Travel between Babylonia and
Palestine. Hammurapi, King of the Westland. Kadur-Mabug.
Kings supposed by some to be those of Genesis 14.

X. JACOB AND JOSEPH 299

Appearances of these Names in Babylonian and Egyptian
Records. “The Tale of the Two Brothers”; its Bearing on the
Story of Joseph in Genesis. Letters to a Ruler like Joseph.
The Seven Years of Famine. Inscription showing Preparation
for Famine.

XI. PALESTINE IN THE PATRIARCHAL AGE 307

The Tale of Sinuhe. Communication between Egypt and
Palestine.

XII. MOSES AND THE EXODUS 310

The Legend of Sargon of Agade; its Resemblance to the Story
of Moses. The Pillar of Merneptah; the Only Appearance of
the Name “Israel” outside of the Bible.

XIII. THE CODE OF HAMMURAPI AND THE PENTATEUCH 313

The Text of the Code; Resemblance to and Contrast with the
Mosaic Code. The Mosaic Code not borrowed from the
Babylonian; Different Underlying Conceptions.

XIV. AN ALLEGED PARALLEL TO LEVITICUS--A CARTHAGINIAN LAW
CONCERNING SACRIFICES 342

The Text of the Carthaginian Law. Comparison with the
Levitical Law.

XV. SOME LETTERS FROM PALESTINE 344

Letters of Rib-Adda of Gebal. Of Ebed-Hepa of Jerusalem.
Their Light on Conditions in the Period of the Egyptian
Domination of Palestine.

XVI. DOCUMENTS FROM THE TIME OF ISRAEL’S JUDGES 352

Report of Wenamon. Its Illustration of Certain Points of
Biblical History about the Time of Deborah or Gideon.
Reference to the Philistines.

XVII. ARCHÆOLOGICAL LIGHT ON THE BOOKS OF KINGS 358

Gudea and Cedar-Wood for his Palace. The Eponym Canon. The
Seal of Shema. Shishak’s List of Conquered Asiatic Cities.
Ashurnasirpal’s Description of his Expedition to
Mediterranean Lands. Shalmaneser III’s Claims regarding
Tribute from the Kings of Israel. The Moabite Stone.
Adadnirari IV’s Mention of the “Land of Omri.” Inscription
describing Tiglathpileser IV’s Campaign. Sargon’s Conquests.
Sennacherib’s Western Campaigns. The Siloam Inscription.
Esarhaddon’s List of Conquered Kings. Ashurbanipal’s
Assyrian Campaign. Necho of Egypt. Nebuchadrezzar II.
Evil-Merodach. Discoveries in Sheba.

XVIII. THE END OF THE BABYLONIAN EXILE 382

Inscriptions of Nabuna’id; their Bearing on Biblical
Statements regarding Belshazzar. Account of the Capture of
Babylon bearing on the Book of Daniel. Inscription of Cyrus
bearing on the Capture of Babylon. Cyrus’s Permission for
the Return to Jerusalem.

XIX. A JEWISH COLONY IN EGYPT DURING THE TIME OF NEHEMIAH 387

Papyri Witness to the Existence of a Colony at Elephantine.
Translation of a Petition relating to their Temple. Reply of
Persian Governor. Historical Bearings of these Documents. A
Letter relating to the Passover. A Letter showing that the
Jews were Unpopular at Elephantine.

XX. A BABYLONIAN JOB 392

Translation of a Poem relating to the Afflictions of a Good
Man. Comparison with the Book of Job. A Fragment of Another
Similar Poem.

XXI. PSALMS FROM BABYLONIA AND EGYPT 398

Character of their Psalms. Babylonian Prayers to the Goddess
Ishtar. Comparison with the Psalter. A Babylonian Hymn to
the Moon-God. A Babylonian Hymn to Bel. An Egyptian Hymn to
the Sun-God. Is the Hymn Monotheistic? An Egyptian Hymn in
Praise of Aton. Comparison with the Psalter.

XXII. PARALLELS TO PROVERBS AND ECCLESIASTES 407

The Nature of the Book of Proverbs and the Parallels.
Babylonian Proverbs from the Library of Ashurbanipal.
Precepts from the Library of Ashurbanipal. Comparison with
the Bible. Egyptian Precepts of Ptahhotep. Comparison with
the Bible. Parallel to Ecclesiastes from the Gilgamesh Epic.

XXIII. EGYPTIAN PARALLELS TO THE SONG OF SONGS 413

Nature of the Song of Songs. Translation of Some Egyptian
Love-Poems. Comparison with Biblical Passages.

XXIV. ILLUSTRATIONS OF PASSAGES IN THE PROPHETS 417

Uniqueness of the Prophetic Books. An Assyrian Prophetic
Vision. Comparison with the Bible. The Egyptian Social
Conscience. Tale of the Eloquent Peasant. Comparison with
the Bible. An Ideal King; Extract from the Admonitions of
Ipuwer. Comparison with Messianic Expectations. Sheol.
Ishtar’s Descent to the Underworld. Comparison with
Prophetic Passages. A Lamentation for Tammuz.

XXV. REPUTED SAYINGS OF JESUS FOUND IN EGYPT 428

Early Collections of the Words of Jesus. Translation of
Sayings found in 1897. Comments. Translation of a Leaf found
in 1904. Comments. Opinions as to these Sayings.

XXVI. ARCHÆOLOGICAL LIGHT ON THE ENROLMENT OF QUIRINIUS 432

Translation of a Papyrus showing that in the Second Century
Enrolment was made Every Fourteen Years. Comments.
Translation referring to an Enrolment in the Reign of Nero.
Fragment from the Reign of Tiberius. Enrolments probably
inaugurated by Augustus. Document showing that People went
to their own towns for Enrolment. Inscription supposed to
refer to Quirinius. Inscription from Asia Minor referring to
Quirinius. Discussion. Conclusions.

XXVII. ARCHÆOLOGICAL LIGHT ON THE ACTS AND EPISTLES 438

The Politarchs of Thessalonica. An Altar to Unknown Gods. An
Inscription from Delphi and the Date of Paul’s Contact with
Gallio. Some Epistles from Egypt. Inscriptions mentioning
Aretas, King of Arabia.