Chapter LVI: Appendix: (Appearing first in Second Edition.) (2)
Richardson, Rufus B., excavations at Corinth, 221
Rim-Sin, King of Larsa, 58
Rings, finger, 157;
money, 162
Roads, 132
Robinson, Edward, explorations in Palestine, 85
Robinson, George L., discovery at Petra, 102
“Robinson’s Arch,” 87, 204
Rockefeller, John D., 47
Roman rule of Egypt, 33
“Rosetta Stone,” 20
Sacrifices in foundations, 128;
human, 172;
Carthaginian law concerning, 342
Sacy, Sylvestre de, interpretation of Sassanian inscriptions, 49
Sakje-Geuze, excavations at, 75
Samal, kingdom of, 81
Samaria, siege of, 62;
excavations at, 100;
topography of, 123;
remains of palaces at, 127;
temple at, 178
Samaritans, origin of, 118
Samsuiluna, King of Larsa, 53
Sarbut el-Khadem, 28
Sardis, 226, 228
Sargon of Agade, 54, 57;
conquests of, 63, 107;
legend of, 310
Sargon of Assyria, besieges Samaria, 63, 369
Sarzec, Ernest de, explorations of, 45
Sassanian dynasty of Persia, 49, 67
Saturninus, Sentius, 437
Saul, reign of, 117
Saws, 152
Sayce, A. H., theories regarding Hittites, 68;
decipherment of Hittite inscriptions, 70, 73
“Scarp, Maudsley’s,” 191
Scheil, V., exploration of, 46, 54
Schick, Dr. Conrad, discoveries in Jerusalem, 207
Schmidt, Nathaniel, explorations in Palestine, 100
Schumacher, Gottlieb, explorations in Palestine, 88;
excavations at Megiddo, 96, 124
Scythians threaten Assyria, 64
Scythopolis, 214
Seah, 158
Seals, 154;
found at Megiddo, 359
Sebaste, see _Samaria_.
Second Assyrian period, 61
Sela, 173
Seleucus, King of Babylonia, 67
Sellin, Ernst, excavations at Taanach, 97, 124;
excavations at Jericho, 98
Semites, first inhabitants of Mesopotamia, 55
Sendjirli, excavations at, 69
Seneferu, 25
Sennacherib, 31;
discovery of seal at Babylon, 52;
succeeds Sargon, 63;
his account of his campaigns, 372
Seplel, see _Subbiluliuma_.
Septuagint, translation of, 33
Sesostris, monarchs of Middle Kingdom, 27
Seth, 267;
list of descendants, 269
Seti I, 29;
campaigns against Palestine, 80;
conquests in Asia, 114
_Shabatum_, 259
Shaft tombs, 181
Shalmaneser I, 60
Shalmaneser III, campaigns of, 61;
oppression of Palestine, 360
Shalmaneser V, 62
Shamash-shumukin, 64
Shamshi-Adad, 52
Shamshi-Adad IV, 61
Shamsu-ditana, King of Babylon, 75
Shamsu-iluna, successor of Hammurapi, 108
Sheba, 381
Shechem, captured by Sesostris III, 28;
excavations at, 102
Sheep Gate, 202
Shema, seal of, 176
Sheol, 423
Shephelah, borderland between Judæa and Philistia, 90, 94, 186
“Shepherd Kings,” 28
Sheshonk, see _Shishak_.
“Shinar” (Sumir), 58
Shishak, 30;
record of his campaign in Palestine, 37, 118, 359
Shitḫu-elu, 267
Shur, 95
Shushan, 47
Shutarna I, successor of Artatama I, 77
Siamon, 30
Sicilians, migration of, 115
Sickles, 135
Siloah, 189
Siloam inscription, 377
Simon the Maccabee, coinage of, 164
Sin, the moon-god, Babylonian hymn to, 400
Sinuhe, adventures of, 108, 307
Sippar (Agade), temple at, 54
Smith, Eli, explorations in Palestine, 85
Smith, George, explorations of, 45
Smyrna, Hittite sculptures and remains near, 76, 79;
general account of, 229
Solomon marries daughter of Pharaoh, 30;
empire of, 118;
Pools of, 131, 205;
buildings of, 192
Song of Songs, Egyptian parallels to, 413
“Sothic Cycle,” 22
Spatulæ, for eye-paint, 156
Spears, 154
Sphinx, 26
Spinning “whorls,” 151
Spoons, 150
Springs, favorite sites for cities, 186
“Stele of the vultures,” 56
Step Pyramid, 25
Stone age in Palestine, 103
Styli, 154
Subbiluliuma, extends power of the Hittites, 77;
deposes Sutatarra, 78;
Amorites conquered by, 113
Sumerian, early language of Babylonia, 51
Sumerian names, with Semitic, Babylonian, and Hebrew equivalents, 268
Sumerians, ethnology of, 56
Sumir, derivation of, 58
Sun-god, Egyptian hymn to the, 402
Susa, exploration at, 47
Sutarna II, King of the Harri, 78
Sutatarra, successor of Dushratta, 78
Swords, 154
“Synagogue of the Hebrews” in Corinth, 221
Sypilus, Mount, 70
Taanach, excavations at, 97;
walls of, 124;
buildings at, 127;
pillars and altar of incense at, 173;
letter from, 350
Tabu-utul-Bêl, 395
Tagtug, 288, 289
Tahpanhes, castle at, 37
Talbot, Fox, 50
Tale of the Eloquent Peasant, 418
Tale of Sinuhe, 307
Tale of the Two Brothers, 300
Tamerlane, 227
Tammuz, lamentation for, 426
Tanut-amon, 31
Tashji, Hittite remains at, 70
Taylor, J. E., explorations of, 44
Tell Defenneh, 38
Tell el-Hesy (Lachish), 89, 110
Tell el-Jazar, excavations at, 92
Tell el-Judeideh, excavations at, 91
Tell el-Retabeh, site of Raamses, 36
Tell el-Yehudiyeh, 38
Tell es-Safi, 91, 110, 124, 169
Tell Hum (Capernaum), 98
“Tell of the Jewess,” 38
Tell Sandahanna (Marash), 92;
weight found at, 162
Tell Taanek, see _Taanach_.
Tell Zakariya (Azekah), 90
Temple, Solomon’s, site of, 168;
description of, 193;
building of the second, 200;
Herod’s, 207
Temple at Gezer, 175
Temple to Augustus at Samaria, 178
Temple of Jewish colony in Egypt, 387
Thakut, 34
Thebes, nome of, 27
Thekel, migration of, 115, 116
Thenius, Otto, suggestion regarding Golgotha, 211
Thessalonica, politarchs of, 438
Thiersch, Hermann, discovery at Beit Jibrin, 102
This, nome of, 25
Thompson, R. Campbell, decipherment of Hittite inscriptions, 73
Thothmes I, raids through Palestine, 110
Thothmes III, 29, 77, 111
Thothmes IV, alliance with Artatama I, 77
Threshing, 135
Thyatira, 226
Ti, tomb of, 26
_Tiâmat_, 248, 251
Tiberius, coinage of, 165
Tiglath-pileser I, 51, 60
Tiglath-pileser IV, conquests of, 61, 366
Tigris river, 40
Timur (Tamerlane), 227
Tirhakah, 31, 64
Titus, destroys Jerusalem, 121
Tiuman, King of Elam, 417
Tobler, Titus, explorations in Palestine, 86
Toi, King of Hamath, 81
Tombs, 181
“Tombs of the Judges,” 182
“Tombs of the Kings,” 183, 212
Topheth, 199
Tou, see _Toi_.
Towers, 202
Toys, 155
Trajan, 133;
organizes province of Arabia, 174
Travel, between Babylonia and Palestine, 293
Trumbull, Henry Clay, identification of Kadesh-Barnea, 95
Tukulti-Ninib I, 52, 60
“Turin Papyrus,” 22
Two Brothers, Tale of the, 300
Tyana, Hittite capital, 82
Tyropœon valley, 199
Ukhaimir, exploration at, 48
Umm Keis, 216
Ummanu, 267
Uni, officer of Pepi I, 107
University Museum, Philadelphia, 53, 54
Upper Retenu, 109
Ur, founding of, 55;
kings of, 53, 54, 58
Urkagina, King of Lagash, 57
Ur-Nina founds dynasty at Lagash, 56
Utensils, 149
Uzziah, 196, 367
Valley Gate, 202
Van Dyke, Henry, reference to _Felix_, 429
Vincent, Hughes, 99, 101
Vineyards, 137
Wady Maghara, turquoise mines in, 25
Walls of Palestinian cities, 109, 123, 125, 202
Ward, William Hayes, Babylonian explorations of, 45
Warka, exploration at, 47
Warren, Gen. Sir Charles, excavations at Jerusalem, 87;
at Gihon, 101
Water Gate, 202
Water supply in Palestine, 129
Weidner, Ernst, 74
Weights, 160
Weil, Captain, excavations on Ophel, 102
Wenamon, report of, 117, 352
Whetstones, 153
White Wall, 27
Wilderness of Zin, explorations in, 95
Winckler, Hugo, excavations at Boghaz Koi, 69, 79;
first instalment of the El-Amarna letters, 71
Winckler und Abel, _Thoutafelnfund von El-Amarna_, 303
Wine-vats, 137
Winnowing, 135
_Wisdom of Jesus, the Son of Sirach_, 203
Wood, J. T., discoveries in Ephesus, 223
Woolley, C. Leonard, 75, 95
Wrench, J. E., explorations in Asia Minor, 70
Wright, William, _The Empire of the Hittites_, 68
Xerxes, inscriptions of, 48
Xisouthros, 271
Xystus, 203
Yadi, kingdom of, 81
Yaila, Hittite remains at, 70
Yakut, Arabian geographer, 217
Yau-bidi, King of Hamath, 82
Yaudi, identity of, 371
Year, divisions of, 138
Zamama, temple of, 48
Zaphenath-Paneah, 34
Zechariah, assists in rebuilding the temple, 118, 200
Zedekiah, rebellion against Babylon, 32, 65
Ziggurat of Zamama temple, 48
Zin, explorations in the wilderness of, 95
Zion, site of Jebus, 188
Ziugiddu, 280
Zoser, first king of third dynasty, 25, 305
Zugagib, 266
PLATES
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FOOTNOTES:
[1] _Century Dictionary_, edition of 1903, Vol. I, p. 293.
[2] The chronology of Archbishop Usher, printed in the margin of many Bibles, is not a part of the Biblical text, but a collection of seventeenth century calculations and guesses.
[3] For fuller accounts of the history of Egypt, see Breasted’s _History of the Ancient Egyptians_, New York, Scribner’s, 1908; or Breasted’s _History of Egypt_, second edition, 1909, New York, Scribner’s.
[4] See Petrie, _Hyksos and the Israelite Cities_, London, 1906.
[5] See Naville, _The Store-City of Pithom and the Route of the Exodus_, 4th ed., London, 1903.
[6] See Petrie, _Hyksos and the Israelite Cities_, p. 28, f.
[7] See Petrie, _The Palace of Apries_, London, 1909.
[8] See Petrie, _Hyksos and the Israelite Cities_, p. 191, ff.
[9] See _Annals of Archæology and Anthropology_, VII, Liverpool, 1914, pp. 1-10.
[10] So called from the name of the mountain on which it is written.
[11] First published by Hilprecht, _Babylonian Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania_, Vol. XX, No. 47; cf. p. 46.
[12] See Poebel, _Historical and Grammatical Texts_, Philadelphia, 1914, Nos. 2-5, and _Historical Texts_, Philadelphia, 1914, pp. 73-140.
[13] It is the prevailing view of scholars that Arabia was the cradle-land of the Semites. The reasons for this view as well as a _résumé_ of other views will be found in G. A. Barton’s _Sketch of Semitic Origins, Social and Religious_, New York, 1902, Chapter I.
[14] In Gen. 10:11 it is by implication said that the city was founded by Nimrod.
[15] For a discussion of the reasons for the view here stated, and a presentation of other views, see Part II, p. 374, ff.
[16] The Chaldæans were a Semitic people who came into the marsh-lands of southern Babylonia from Arabia. We can first detect their presence in Babylonia about 1000 B. C.
[17] Those who desire fuller accounts of the history should read L. W. King’s _History of Sumer and Akkad_, London, 1910, and R. W. Rogers’ _History of Babylonia and Assyria_. 2d ed., New York, 1915.
[18] In the _Mitteilungen der vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft_, 1899, Heft. 4.
[19] In the _Mitteilungen der vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft_, 1900, Hefte 4 and 5.
[20] See Pumpelly, _Explorations in Turkestan_, Washington, 1908, I, p. 50, f.
[21] See L. W. King, _Chronicles Concerning Early Babylonian Kings_, London, 1907, Vol. II, p. 22.
[22] _History of Egypt_, II. 404, 405.
[23] _Expository Times_, November, 1914, p. 91.
[24] _Asien und Europa nach altägyptischen Denkmälern_, 319, note 3.
[25] _Ancient Records, Egypt_, I, 227, 228.
[26] Breasted’s _Ancient Records, Egypt_, II, § 773.
[27] Winckler in _Mitteilungen der vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft_, 1913, Heft 4, p. 81.
[28] _Itinéraire de Paris a Jérusalem_, Paris, 1811.
[29] _Travels in Syria_, 1821.
[30] _Souvenirs, impressions, el paysages, pendant un voyage en Orient_, Paris, 1835.
[31] For a more complete account see F. J. Bliss, _The Development of Palestine Exploration_, New York, 1906.
[32] See _Official Report of the United States Expedition to Explore the Dead Sea and the River Jordan_, Baltimore, 1852.
[33] See his “Identification of Pisgah” in the third _Statement_ of the American Exploration Society, 1870.
[34] See his _East of the Jordan_, New York, 1883.
[35] Warren’s results were first published in _The Recovery of Jerusalem_, London, 1870, and more fully in _Jerusalem_, London, 1889, one of the Memoirs of the Palestine Exploration Fund. The arch mentioned is called “Robinson’s Arch,” because its significance was first perceived by Robinson.
[36] _Across the Jordan_, London, 1886; _Jaulan_, London, 1886, and _Abila, Pella, and Northern Aijlun_, London, 1889.
[37] _Die Provincia Arabia_, Strassburg, 1904-1909 (3 volumes).
[38] _Petra_, Leipzig, 1908, and _Neu-Petra Forschung_, Leipzig, 1912.
[39] _Archæological Researches in Palestine_, London, 1896-1899.
[40] _Geology of Palestine and Arabia Petræa_, London, 1886.
[41] See Petrie, _Tell el-Hesy (Lachish)_, London, 1891.
[42] See his _Mound of Many Cities_, London, 1894.
[43] See Bliss, _Excavations at Jerusalem_, London, 1898.
[44] An artificially made precipice on which a fortress once stood. It is named from an Englishman, Maudsley, who first perceived its true nature.
[45] Bliss and Macalister, _Excavations in Palestine during the Years 1898-1900_, London, 1902.
[46] See his _Archæological Researches in Palestine_, II, p. 251, f.
[47] This is the period called by Petrie and Bliss “Seleucid.”
[48] See Macalister, _The Excavation of Gezer_, London, 1912, II, 381-403.
[49] _Ibid._, 406-408.
[50] _Ibid._, I, 256-268.
[51] See Macalister, _The Excavation of Gezer_, London, 1912, II, 200-223.
[52] _Ibid._, 236-266.
[53] See the _Annual_ of the Palestine Exploration Fund, Vols. I and II, for the details here given, and for many others.
[54] _Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins._
[55] See _Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins_, V, pp. 7-204.
[56] See Schumacher und Steuernagel, _Tell el-Mutesellim_, Leipzig, 1908.
[57] Sellin, _Tell Taanek_, Wien, 1904.
[58] See _Mitteilungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft_, No. 29, Berlin, 1905, p. 14, f.
[59] See Sellin und Watzinger, _Jericho_, Leipzig, 1913.
[60] See _Journal of Biblical Literature_, Vol. XXII, Boston, 1903, pp. 164-182; XXIV, 196-220; XXV, 82-95.
[61] See _Harvard Theological Review_, Cambridge, Mass., I, 1908, p. 92.
[62] _Ibid._, II, 102-113; III, 136-138, 248-263.
[63] Josephus, _Antiquities of the Jews_, xiii, 10, 2 and 3; _Wars of the Jews_, i, 2, 7.
[64] _Revue biblique_, 1912 (Paris), pp. 86-116.
[65] _Biblical World_, Vol. XXXIX, Chicago, 1912, pp. 295-306.
[66] See Germer-Durand in _Revue biblique_, 1914, pp. 71-94, and Frontispiece.
[67] See _Quarterly Statement_ of the Palestine Exploration Fund, October, 1914, p. 167, f. Additional material on Ophel and Balata is given in the Appendix, p. 446.
[68] First noticed by Prof. George L. Robinson, of McCormick Seminary, Chicago, and afterward by Prof. Samuel Ives Curtis, of the Chicago Theological Seminary; see Chapter XI, p. 173, f.
[69] Discovered in 1902 by Dr. J. P. Peters and Dr. Thiersch; see their _Painted Tombs of Marissa_, London, 1905.
[70] Reference should also be made to the expedition from Princeton University, referred to on p. 107, led by Prof. H. C. Butler, which went out in 1899-1900, in 1904-1905, and in 1909, and examined the ruins in the Hauran (or region east of the Sea of Galilee), in the Lebanon Mountains, and in that part of Syria to the east of Lebanon. The expedition gathered many inscriptions, most of which belong to the Christian period. The results of this exploration are published in _The Publications of an Archæological Expedition to Syria in 1899-1900_, New York, 1904, and _Publications of the Princeton Archæological Expeditions to Syria in 1904-1905 and 1909_, Leyden, 1908-1914.
[71] See R. A. S. Macalister, _History of Civilization in Palestine_, Cambridge University Press, 1912, pp. 10, 11.
[72] See Barton, _A Year’s Wandering in Bible Lands_, Philadelphia, 1904, p. 143.
[73] See Barton, in the _Biblical World_, Chicago, 1904, Vol. XXIV, p. 177.
[74] See Conder, _Survey of Eastern Palestine_, I, pp. 125-277, and Mackenzie in the _Annual_ of the Palestine Exploration Fund, I, pp. 5-11.
[75] See Gen. 14:5; 15:20.
[76] See H. S. Cowper, _The Hill of the Graces, a Record of Investigation among the Trilithons and Megalithic Sites of Tripoli_, London, 1897, and Brandenburg, _Über Felsarchitektur im Mittelmeergebiet_ in _Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatischen Gesellchaft_, 1914.
[77] See the _Annals of Archæology and Anthropology_, Vol. V, Liverpool, 1913, pp. 112-128.
[78] See Macalister, _The Excavation of Gezer_, I, 72-152.
[79] See Macalister, _The Excavation of Gezer_, I, 145-152.
[80] _Ibid._, 236, ff.
[81] R. A. S. Macalister, _Bible Side-lights from the Mound of Gezer_, London, 1906, Chapter II.
[82] See P. E. Mader in _Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins_, Vol. XXXVII, 1914, pp. 20-44.
[83] See Amos 4:4; 5:5.
[84] See Dr. Masterman, in _Biblical World_, XXXIX, 301, f.
[85] See the legend concerning him translated in Part II, p. 310, f.
[86] See Clay, _Amurru_, Philadelphia, 1909, pp. 102, 103.
[87] See _Recueil de travaux relatifs à phil. et à arch. egpt. et assyr._, XXXIV, 105-108.
[88] See Breasted, _Ancient Records, Egypt_, Vol. I, Chicago, 1906, § 315.
[89] See Chapter II, p. 59.
[90] Translated in Part II, p. 313, f.
[91] See Part II, p. 293.
[92] See Part II, p. 290, ff.
[93] See Part II, p. 299, ff.
[94] See Breasted, _Ancient Records, Egypt_, I, p. 233, f.
[95] See Barton, _Commentary on Job_, New York, 1911, pp. 5-7, and Breasted, _Ancient Records, Egypt_, I, p. 238, note _a_.
[96] See Breasted, _Ancient Records, Egypt_, § 680, and Barton in _Journal of Biblical Literature_, Vol. XXVIII, p. 29.
[97] Macalister, _Excavation of Gezer_, I, 238-243 and 253.
[98] _Tell el-Mutesellim_, Tafeln, vii-xi.
[99] See Chapter IV, p. 96.
[100] See Chapter II, p. 59, f.
[101] See Chapter I, p. 28.
[102] See Chapter III, p. 75, f.
[103] See Chapter IV, pp. 89, 91.
[104] See Breasted, _Ancient Records, Egypt_, III, § 616.
[105] Translated from W. Max Müller’s publication in the _Mitteilungen der vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft_, 1907, Heft 7.
[106] Hammath means “hot.”
[107] See Chapter I, p. 29.
[108] See pp. 79, 80, and 345.
[109] See the letters of its king translated in Part II, p. 345, f.
[110] Chapter XIII.
[111] See Chapter III, p. 78, f.
[112] See Part II, p. 349, f.
[113] See Breasted’s _History of Egypt_, New York, 1909, p. 414.
[114] See Breasted’s _Ancient Records, Egypt_, III. §§ 81 and 140.
[115] Translated from W. Max Müller’s _Egyptological Researches_, Washington, 1906, pl. 59, ff.
[116] See Part II, p. 311.
[117] See Sir Arthur Evans. _Scripta Minoa_, Oxford, 1909, pp. 280, 282, and R. A. S. Macalister in the _Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy_, Vol. XXX, § C, p. 342; also his _Philistines, Their History and Civilization_, London, 1913, pp. 84, 85.
[118] See _Sitzungsberichte of the Berlin Academy_, 1909, p. 1022, f.
[119] Caphtor is the same as _Keftiu_ of the Egyptian inscriptions, but it is uncertain whether _Keftiu_ refers to Crete or Asia Minor.
[120] Translated from W. Max Müller’s _Egyptological Researches_, I, pl. 64, f.
[121] See Macalister, _The Excavation of Gezer_, I, p. 21.
[122] See p. 99.
[123] See p. 95.
[124] See the books of I and II Samuel.
[125] See Chapters VI, IX, and XI.
[126] See Part II, Chapter XVII.
[127] See Part II, p. 385, f.
[128] See J. A. Montgomery, _The Samaritans, the Earliest Jewish Sect, Their History, Theology, and Literature_, Philadelphia, 1907.
[129] For the narrative of the struggle, see the book of I Maccabees, and S. Mathews, _History of the New Testament Times in Palestine_, New York, 1908.
[130] See I Macc. 14:41.
[131] For details see Guy Le Strange, _Palestine Under the Moslems_, London, 1890.
[132] For details see C. R. Conder, _The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem_, London, 1897.
[133] See Chapter XIV.
[134] See p. 94.
[135] On these walls, see Macalister, _Excavation of Gezer_, I, 236-256.
[136] Petrie, _Tell el-Hesy_, p. 17 and Plates 2 and 3.
[137] See his _Tell Taanek_, p. 13.
[138] See p. 96 and Fig. 41.
[139] See p. 91.
[140] _Harvard Theological Review_, III, 137.
[141] Palestine Exploration Fund’s _Annual_, II, 17, f.
[142] Sellin and Watzinger’s _Jericho_, p. 29, f. and Tafel I.
[143] _Ibid._, 54, ff.
[144] See Macalister, _Excavation of Gezer_, I, 244.
[145] See Dickie, in _Quarterly Statement_ of Palestine Exploration Fund, 1897, 61-67.
[146] These remarks about the house are based on the excavation at Gezer. The excavators of other sites have not given as much attention to the construction of houses as Mr. Macalister did.
[147] Sellin, _Tell Taanek_, p. 21.
[148] One of these is translated in Part II, p. 350.
[149] See the writer’s article, “Corners,” in Hastings’ _Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics_, Vol. IV 119, ff.
[150] Sellin, _Tell Taanek_, p. 61.
[151] Schumacher, _Tell el-Mulesellim_, pp. 45, 54.
[152] See Macalister, _The Excavation of Gezer_, I, 240.
[153] In 2 Sam. 12:27 we should read “pool of waters” instead of “city of waters”; see Barton in _Journal of Biblical Literature_, XXVII, 147-152.
[154] See Polybius, V, 71.
[155] Josephus, _Jewish Wars_, I, xix, 5, ff.
[156] For the conflicting evidence and theories, see G. A. Smith, _Jerusalem_, I, 124-131.
[157] Josephus, _Antiquities_, XVIII, iii, 2.
[158] See p. 85.
[159] See Thomsen in _Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins_, XXVI, 170, ff.
[160] See Chapter XIV.
[161] See Macalister, _Excavation of Gezer_, I, 199, f; II, 22, ff.
[162] See Macalister, _Excavation of Gezer_, II, 22, f.
[163] The reader who cares to pursue the subject is referred to Macalister’s _Excavation of Gezer_, II, 48, ff., and Sellin’s _Tell Taanek_, 61, f., and Bliss and Macalister’s _Excavations in Palestine_, 1898-1900, pp. 193, 196, f., 208, 227, and 248.
[164] See Macalister, _Excavation of Gezer_, II, 1-15.
[165] See Pumpelly, _Excavations in Turkestan_, Washington, 1908, p. 384, f.
[166] See Schumacher, _Mutesellim_, p. 89.
[167] Ward, _Seal Cylinders of Western Asia_, p. 422, and Nos. 554, 556, 1126, and 1254.
[168] See Dr. John P. Peters’ article “The Cock” in the _Journal of the American Oriental Society_, Vol. XXXIII, pp. 363-396.
[169] See Peters and Thiersch, _The Painted Tombs of Marissa_, London, 1905.
[170] See Sellin, _Tell Taanek_, 61, f.
[171] Especial mention may be made of the following: Petrie, _Tell el-Hesy_; Bliss and Macalister, _Excavations in Palestine, 1898-1900_,
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Archæology and the BibleChapter LVI: Appendix: (Appearing first in Second Edition.) (2)
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