Chapter C: R. Ashbee, of the Essex House Press, stated in The Private Press (9)

BEMBO, the fine Venetian old face, is a revival by English Monotype of one of the earliest Aldine romans. That was cut before 1500 by Francesco Griffo of Bologna, the designer responsible for the first Italic type a half-dozen years later, and named for Pietro Bembo, the humanist scholar (later Cardinal and secretary to Pope Leo X), whose _De Aetna_ was printed by Aldus in 1495.

BODONI BOOK, a light weight rendering of the popular A.T.F. Bodoni, is widely used in the United States for book and periodical composition. Introduced in 1910, it is not a copy of the types of the great Italian, Giambattista Bodoni, but rather a version retaining his principle of modern letter design. The lessened degree of contrast between its thick and thin lines make it gain in reading ease.

CALEDONIA, a contemporary Linotype face designed by W. A. Dwiggins, was inspired by the work of Scotch type-founders, in particular by a lighter weight, more slender transitional face cut by William Martin for Bulmer around 1790. Christened for its forebears, Caledonia resembles neither--though it has touches of both Bulmer's Martin and Wilson's Scotch, and also "something of the simple, hard-working, feet-on-the-ground quality of Scotch Modern."

CASLON, the great eighteenth-century English old style, has suffered more from "improvement and refinement" by succeeding generations of type founders than most celebrated types. A development based on Dutch models rather than an original creation, Caslon has been eloquently termed "the finest vehicle for the printed conveyance of English speech that the art of the punch-cutter has yet devised." Monotype's excellent rendering used here (No. 337) reflects the essential qualities of the original.

CENTAUR, a distinguished Italian Renaissance face designed by Bruce Rogers, was cut by Robert Wiebking of Chicago in 1914, in the 14 point size. Its first use by BR was in a limited edition of De Guerin's _The Centaur_, printed at Carl Rollins' Montague Press. The face, recut by English Monotype in 1929, seemed to D. B. Updike to be "one of the best Roman founts yet designed in America." The Italic is Arrighi, designed by Frederic Warde, used since there is no Centaur Italic.

DEEPDENE, designed and cut by Frederic W. Goudy in 1927, was named for his estate at Marlboro-on-Hudson. In his _A Half Century of Type Design_, Mr. Goudy mentions the face was "suggested by a Dutch type (the Lutetia of Van Krimpen) which had just been introduced ... but as with some of my previous designs, I soon got away from my exemplar to follow a line of my own." The Monotype recutting, done later, is used here.

ELDORADO, the latest Linotype face designed by W. A. Dwiggins, was developed through the war years and completed in 1951. It was suggested by an uncommonly compact and distinctive eighteenth-century face used in Madrid by the Spanish printer, DeSancha. In no sense a copy, Eldorado retains in its letter anatomy something of the treatment of curves, arches and junctions that brought distinction to its antecedent, as well as flavor of Spanish typographic tradition.

ELECTRA, an original modern, designed for Linotype by W. A. Dwiggins, reflects the warmth and distinction of his personal lettering. The effort was to work into Electra letter shapes, where possible, some of the twentieth-century spirit: electricity, high-speed steel, streamlined curves, the readers' familiarity with newspaper and type-writer faces ... to develop letters filled with energy, human warmth and personality. Electra is available with either an oblique Roman lower-case companion form, or the more familiar cursive.

EMERSON was designed by Joseph Blumenthal and cut by Monotype in England in 1934. The face is a duplicate of his Spiral Press type, designed several years earlier and cut for him by Louis Hoell in Frankfort, Germany, in 1931. This face was initially used for a limited edition of Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay on _Nature_, printed on a hand press at Croton Falls in 1932, and privately published. The accompanying Emerson Italic was designed in 1936.

FAIRFIELD, a slightly decorative, original and contemporary old style, was designed for Linotype by Rudolph Ruzicka, the distinguished American wood engraver. Sharply cut, as though the letters came from the artist's graver rather than pen, Fairfield was designed for reading by "one of the most knowledgeable men in the country about letter forms and their style." To invite continuous reading, the designer feels, "type must have a subtle degree of interest and variety of design."

GARAMOND was introduced in America by ATF in 1919, when their cutting, based on the _caractères de l'Université_ of the Imprimerie Nationale, appeared. Since, at least eight other versions have been made: by the English and American Linotype and Monotype, by Intertype, Ludlow, and the Stempel foundry. A documented article considering the XVI and XVII sources of the Garamond types, by Paul Beaujon, appeared in _The Fleuron_, V. This version is the American Monotype.

GILL SANS, designed by Eric Gill in 1928, was patterned after lettering done for the Douglas Cleverdon book-shop in Bristol. First offered by English Monotype as a titling font (caps, figures and points only), the lower-case was added as the face grew in favor. Today, Gill is the most popular sans serif in England. It ranges through a variety of weights, including light, normal, heavy, extra heavy, and shadow and outline display and condensed versions.

GRANJON was designed for Linotype by the late George W. Jones, one of England's greatest printers. It is neither a copy of a classic face nor an original creation, but rather something between the two, with its basic design stemming from classic Garamond sources. An exceedingly compact and useful old style, Granjon is exceptionally clear in small sizes. Its space-saving virtues are important in the book and periodical field.

JANSON, the distinguished seventeenth-century old style face, is presumed Dutch in origin. It was issued by Anton Janson, a Leipsic punch-cutter and type-founder, between 1660 and 1687. Little is known of Janson to supplement his first type specimen issued in 1675. The original matrices, bought in Holland from the heirs of Edling, Janson's successor, are possessed by the Stempel foundry in Frankfort, Germany. The Linotype recutting of Janson was made from type cast from the original matrices.

MONTICELLO is a recutting of the famous Binny & Ronaldson Roman No. 1, a distinguished early American face cut in 1796 in Philadelphia. Type cast from the original matrices by A. T. F. has been favored for years by such discriminating printers as D. B. Updike, Fred Anthoensen and the Grabhorns. Linotype's remodeling of the type for modern use was named for the _Papers of Thomas Jefferson_, a fifty-volume publishing project by Princeton, for which the face was adopted.

PERPETUA was designed by Eric Gill, the eminent English sculptor and maker of letters with pen, chisel and graver. Mr. Gill's account of his type (cut in England): "from drawings made by me. Those drawings were not made with special reference to typography--they were simply drawn with brush and ink. For the typographical quality of the fount, as also for the remarkably fine and precise cutting of the punches, the Monotype Corporation is to be praised."

POLIPHILUS is a literal reproduction of the Aldine Roman used in the _Hypnerotomachia Poliphili_ in 1499, cut by Francesco Griffo. The recutting, by the English Monotype organization in 1923 (from sheets of the book) was attempted with the thought of providing a type to convey an old-world atmosphere appropriate for reprinting fifteenth-century classics. The accompanying Italic, named _Blado_, was the first of a number of Chancery italics to come from European type-founders.

TIMES ROMAN was designed by Stanley Morison for the London _Times_, and first used in that great newspaper. Its masculine simplicity, directness of design and excellent color makes it exceptionally useful for periodicals and general commercial work. The basic design objective of maximum legibility in minimum space has resulted in the larger letter-structure that makes each point size seem the equivalent of a size larger in most other types.

INDEX

Adler, Elmer, 221

advertising card, 160-61, 167, 168

_Aesop_ (Parma, 1483), 57

Aldine Poets series, 156

Aldine type face, 241
Italic, 274

Aldus; _see_ Manutius, Aldus

alphabet
Greek, 4-14
Hebrew, 13-14
letters of, 6-13
Phoenician, 4-14
Roman, 4-14
sources of, 3-14

American Institute of Graphic Arts, xiv, 170
"Fifty Books of the Year," 165, 321-22
Trade Book Clinic, 164, 165

American Type Founders Co., 254

Ames, Joseph, _Typographical Antiquities_, 38, 78

Anabat, 154

Anne of Austria, 105

Anthoensen, Fred, 419

Antigone Greek type, 207

Apollo Press, 384

appendix, 163

Applegarth, Augustus, 27

Armitage, Merle, xii-xiv, 319
_Notes on Modern Printing_, 350

Arnoullet, Balthazar, 60

Arrighi type face, 414

Arrivabene, Georgius, 53

Ashbee, C. R., _The Private Press_, 180

Ashendene Press, 181, 188, 215
_Bibliography_, 181
_Virgil_, 209

Austin, Richard, 92, 99, 411

back matter, 163-64

Bagford, John, 64

Bailey, Francis, 76

Baldwin, Stanley, 197 n.

Barker-Mill, Peter, 218

_Barnacles from Many Bottoms_, 297

Barnhart Brothers & Spindler (Chicago), 254, 369

Bartlett, Edward E., 164

Baskerville, John, 60, 64, 92, 98, 186
letter-spacing of, 287-88

Baskerville type face, 155-56, 244, 404
specimen, 411

bastard title, 160, 168

Bauhaus School, typography of, 306-7, 319

Bay, Jacob, 69-77

Bayer, Herbert, xii, xiv

Beaujon, Paul, 417

Becker, Carl L., 363

Begg, John, xiv

Beilenson, Peter, xiii, 164, 165, 168
_Graphic Forms_, 313

Bell, John, 92, 411
_British Poets_, 100, 384
_British Theatre_, 78, 384
career of, 99-100

Bell type face, 403
specimen, 411

Belloc, Hilaire, 192

Bembo, Pietro, 53, 94, 412

Bembo type face, 403
specimen, 412

Beneti, Cyprian, 41

Bennett, Arnold, 203

Bennett, Paul A., xv, 290

Bensley, Thomas, 92

Benton, Linn Boyd, 254

Benton, Morris Fuller, 254

Berghen, Adrien van, 46, 48

Bernard, St., _Sermones_ (1481), 44

Berners, Juliana, comp., _Book of St. Albans_, 107

Berthelet, Thomas, 50

Besant, Walter, 387

Bible
Estienne, 97
first printed, 183-84
German (1478), 18
Gutenberg, 226-27
Latin (1456), 18
Plantin polyglot, 96
printing monopoly in England, 184 n.
Rogers _World_, 302-4
Sower's German, 67, 70
Vulgate (Venice, 1487), 53

bibliography, 163

binding, 119

binding, limp vellum, 230

Binny, Archibald, 76

Binny & Ronaldson (Philadelphia), 77, 252, 419

Birrell, Francis, 199

black-letter
Gutenberg, 274-76
modern, 241

Black Sun Press, 319

Blado, Antonio, 54

Blado Italic type face, 54, 420

Blaeu, Willem J., 89

Blumenthal, Joseph, 164, 165
Emerson, 255, 416

Blunt, Wilfrid, 192

Bocard, Andrieu, 41

Bodoni, Giambattista, 60, 64, 92, 98
_Manuale Tipografico_ (1818), 276

Bodoni Book type face
specimen, 412

Bodoni's 'soprasilvio,' 276-78, 284, 287

Bologna, Francesco da, 92

book, anatomy of; _see under individual headings_

book design, principles of, 115-28, 281-89, 350-51

_Book of St. Albans_, 107

Bourdillon, F. W., 79

Boydell, John, _Shakespeare_, 78

Braby, Dorothea, 218

Bradbury & Evans, 157

Bradford, Andrew, 356-57, 362

Bradford, William, 356, 358

Bradley, J. W., _Dictionary of Miniaturists_, 40

Bradley, Will, 253, 291

Bradley type face, 253

Bridges, Robert, 238

Brimmer type face, 411

Browning, Robert, 192

Buckland-Wright, John, 218

Buell, Abel, 65-66, 68, 71-73, 252, 255

Bull of Pius IX (Mainz, 1463), 42, 53

Bulmer, William, 92, 100, 413

Burn & Oates, 194, 196

Burne-Jones, Sir Edward, 233, 236, 238

Caledonia type face, 255, 404
specimen, 413

Calkins, Earnest Elmo, 368

calligraphy, 255, 337-43
defined, 337-38

Cambridge University Press, 51, 158, 184 n., 185, 291

Campbell, Dr. William J., _Collection of Franklin Imprints_, 354, 357,
360, 365

Canstein, Baron von, 29

Capell, Edward, _Prolusions_, 78

capital letters, 257-61

Cary, Mary, _Diary_, 197

Caslon, William, 63, 64, 89, 92

Caslon type face, 142, 156, 195, 204, 241, 254, 391
rediscovery of, 318
Shaw's preference for, 390
specimen, 413

Catherine de Médici, 106

Catherine the Great, 106

Caxton, William, 19, 29, 42, 49, 89, 92, 184-85
_Dictes or Sayengis_, 19, 80

Caxton Club, 33

Centaur type face, 220, 255-56, 403
specimen, 414

Central Type Foundry (St. Louis), 253

_Century Dictionary_, 34

Champollion, J. F., 3

Chapman, Dr. R. W., 392, 394

Chappe, Paulinus, 18

Charlemagne, 12

Charles, Thomas, 29

Cheltenham type face, 254

Chesterfield, Earl of (Philip Stanhope), 90

Chiswick Press, 217

Christie, E. D., 95

_Chronicles of the londe of England_, 40

Cicero, _Epistolae_ (Venice, 1469), 40

Clark, Edward, relations with Shaw, 382-401

Clark, Robert, 384-85

Clark, R. & R., Shaw's printer, 381-401

Claudin, Anatole, 176

Cleland, T. M., xiii, 112-13
_Harsh Words_, xi, 321
type ornaments, 297, 299

Cleve, Johann von, _Cantiones_, 42

Cloister type face, 254

Cobbett, William, _Rural Rides_, 208

Cobden-Sanderson, T. J., 180-81, 188, 229, 388

Cockerell, Douglas, 395

Cockerell, Sir Sydney, 233

Coleridge, S. T., _Table Talk_, 157

Colines, Simon, 185

Collins, F. H., _Authors' and Printers' Dictionary_, 392

Collins, Howard, 394

Colman, Morris, 164, 166-67

colophon, 32-44, 52
defined, 32-38
examples of, 38-42, 44

composition, defined, 242

Conkwright, P. J., 164, 166

Conrad, Joseph, 116

Cooper, Oswald, 254

Copland, Robert, 185

copyright, notice of, 161, 166, 167, 168

Coward, Noel, 208

Cowper, Edward, 26-27

Croce, Benedetto, _Autobiography_, 312

Crompton, 26

Currer, Mrs. Richardson, 107

Currie, Kent, 272

Daniel, Rev. C. H. O., 178, 187

Daniel Press, 187, 234, 238

Darton, F. J. H.; _see_ Sawyer, C. J.

Davies, Peter, 208

Davis, Southwick, 379

Dawson, Thomas, 51

Day, John, 50, 80

Daye, Matthew, 97

Daye, Stephen, 97

_Deceyte of Women, The_, 53, 61

Decretals of Gregory IX (Rome, 1474), 41

dedication, 161-62, 166-68

Deepdene type face, 223, 403
specimen, 414

de La Haye, Corneille, 60

Dent, J. M., 157

DeSancha, Antonio, 415

De Vinne, Theodore Low, x, 31
_Notable Printers of Italy_, 279
_Plain Printing Types_, 370
_Treatise on Title-pages_, 42-43, 274

De Vinne type face, 253

Diamond Classics, 156, 236

Diane de Poitiers, 106

Dibdin, T. F., 104

_Dictionary of American Biography_, 363

Didot, Firmin, 26
career, 100

Didot, François Ambroise, 92

Didot family, 64, 90, 92, 101

_Diui Athanasii_ (Paris, 1500), 41

Dolet, Etienne, 94-96

Donaldson, Alexander, 384

Dorici brothers, 53

double-page spread, 168

Doves Press, 117, 180, 188, 229

Du Barry, Countesse, 105

du Bois, Simon, _Hours_ (1527), 154

Dunlap, John, 76

Dunster, Henry, 98

Dunster, Mrs. Henry, 98

Dürer, Albrecht, 55, 92, 275, 277

Dwiggins, W. A., x
Caledonia, 255, 413
Eldorado, 415
Electra, 255, 415
_MSS by WAD_, 129, 405
"Shapes of Roman Letters," 405-7

Dyck, Christoffel van, 92

Edinburgh, publishing history of, 384-85

Ege, Otto, ix, 3

Eldorado type face, specimen, 415

Electra type face, 255-56, 403
specimen, 415

Elizabeth, Queen, 105-6

Elzevir family, 60, 92, 97

Emerson type face, 255-56
specimen, 416

_Encyclopaedia Britannica_, 35, 227, 239, 338
first edition, 384

engraving
for illustration, 218
invention of, 25

Enschedé Foundry, 221-22

Erasmus, Desiderius, 94
_Adagia_, 29
_Colloquia Familiaria_, 29

Essex House Press, 180

Estienne, Robert, 94 n.
career, 96-97

Estienne family, 92, 96 n., 185

Eugene, Prince of Savoy, 211

Evans, Sir Arthur, 4

Eve, Clovis, 105

Eve, Nicolas, 105

_Exercitium super Pater Noster_, 23

Fairfield type face, 255-56

Fairfield type faces, specimen, 416

Faques, William, 50

Farjeon, Herbert, 209

Farleigh, John, 399

Fell types, 178, 187, 196

Fichet, Guillaume, 153-54

Field and Tuer, 157

Figgins, Vincent, 92

Fine, Oronce, _Quadrans Astrolabicus_, 56

Finley, John, 378

_Fleuron, The_, x, 388, 391, 417

Flower, Desmond, 100, 153

Ford, Paul Leicester, _Many-Sided Franklin_, 354-55, 362, 363-64

foreword; _see_ preface

format; _see_ book design

Foulis, Andrew, 186

Foulis, Robert, 186

Fournier, P. S., 57, 59, 64

Fournier family, 92

Fournier type face, Shaw's choice of, 392

Fox, Emmanuel, 70, 76

Fox, Justus, 67-77

_Fragment of World Judgment_, 18

François I, 49, 94-95, 97

Franklin, Benjamin, 29
_Autobiography_, 366
career, 101-2; as printer, 352-67
_Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity_, 359
epitaph, 366-67
and Hall, 365
imprints, 357, 361, 364, 366
"Improvement of Printing Backwards," 227
_New England Courant_, 355-56
_Pennsylvania Gazette_, 362
_Poor Richard_ almanacs, 362-63

Franklin, Deborah Read, 362

Franklin, James, 353-56, 358, 362-63
imprints, 354-55

Franklin, Josiah, 352-53

_Freeman's Oath, The_, 97-98

Froben, Johann, 62

front matter
elements of, 160-63, 166-68
typography of, 246-49

Fuhrmann, Dr. Otto, 224

Funk & Wagnalls' _Standard Dictionary_, 34

Fust, Johann, 18, 38-39, 42, 49, 53, 91, 92, 183

Galesburg imprint, 378-80

Galloway, Joseph, 74

Garamond, Claude, 92, 93, 276

Garamond type face, 62, 223, 256
specimen, 417

Gardiner, Thomas, 51

Garnett, David, and Nonesuch Press, 191, 198-99, 205, 209

Garnett, Porter, xiii, 115, 178

Garnett, Richard, 37-38

Garvin, J. L., 194

Gaunt, Sydney, 254

_Geistliches Magazien, Ein_, 67-69, 71

Geminus, Thomas, _Anatomy_, 57

Gentry, Helen, _Chronology_, 91

Gering, Ulrich, 154

_Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke_, 31

Gibbings, Robert, 218

Gilgamesh, epic of, 214

Gill, Eric, xiii, 218, 257, 417
Perpetua, 419

Gill Sans type face, specimen, 417

Glick, Milton, 164, 166

Glogoviensis, Johannes, 53

glossary, 163

Godfrey, Thomas, 362

Golden Cockerel Press, 212-19
imprints, 217-18

Golden Hind Press, 164, 220-25
imprints, 220-23

Goltzius, Hubert, 60

Gooden, Stephen, 199, 206

Goodhue, Bertram G., 254

Gordon, Watson, 129

Goudy, Frederic W., xiii, 222, 232, 267, 274, 279, 318
Deepdene, 414
_Half Century of Type Design_, 414
type designs, 222, 255

Grabhorn, Edwin, xiii, 226

Grabhorn Press, 181, 226-32, 419
Whitman, _Leaves of Grass_, 232

Graf, Urs, 55

Granjon, Robert, 57, 276

Granjon type face, specimen, 418

Granniss, Ruth Sheppard, 31, 107

Greene, Belle Da Costa, 107

Greenhood, David; _see_ Gentry, Helen

Grevill, Sir Foulk, 203

Grien, Hans Baldung, 55

Griffo, Francesco, 412, 420

Grimm, Baron Melchior von, 306

Grimm, Jacob, 307

Grimm, Wilhelm, 307

Grolier, Jean, 92, 94

Grolier Club, 51, 83 n., 107, 365
Dowson's _Pierrot of the Minute_, 297-98

Grotefend, G. F., 3

Gryphius, Sebastian, 95

Gutenberg, Johann, 18, 23-24, 90-92, 183
Bible, 226-27
Rushmore hoax, 223-24
types of, 274

Guthrie, James, 179

Hadrian type face, 255

Haebler, Dr. Konrad, 53

Haight, Anne Lyon, 103

half title, 163, 165, 167-68

Hall, D., 364-65

Han, Ulrich, 41

Hardouyn brothers, 154
_Book of Hours_ (1500), 154

Harmsworth, Cecil, 208

Harmsworth, Desmond, 208

Harmsworth, Eric, 208

Harper & Brothers, 221, 225

Harrison, Henry, 319

Hart, Horace, 394

Harter, Evelyn, ix, 88, 164-66

Hayward, John, 205

Heber, Richard, 107

Hector, Benedictus, 48

_Heiligen_, 22

Hendrickson, James, 281

Henry II of France, 106

Hind, Arthur M., 23

Hodgson, Ralph, 199

Hoell, Louis, 416

Hogben, Lancelot, ix, 15

Holbein, Hans, the Elder, 55

Holbein, Hans, the Younger, 55
"Dance of Death," 277-78

Hopfer, Daniel, 55

Hornby, St. John, 188, 215

Hroswitha, 104

Hughes-Stanton, Blair, 218

Huxley, Aldous, xiii, 344

_Hypnerotomachia Poliphili_, 420

imposition, defined, 242-43

impression, 119-20, 229-30

index, 163-64

ink
colors used, 286-87
varnish in, 229

_Inland Printer_, 254

Intelligencer Print (Galesburg), 378-80

introduction, 162-63

Italic type, 257-61
first used, 412
proper use of, 261

Jackson, Holbrook, xi, 155, 388
_Anatomy of Bibliomania_, x
_Fear of Books_, x
_Printing of Books_, x, 157-58, 233

Jacobs, S. A., xiv

Jaggard, William, _Nobilitas Politica_ (1608), 285-86

Janson, Anton, 418

Janson type face, 210, 403
specimen, 418

Jenson, Nicolas, 34, 92, 274, 288 n.
_Pliny_ (1472), 276

Jenson's Roman type face, 274-77

John of Speier (Spire), 19, 40

Johnson, A. F., 52

Johnson, J., _Typographia_, 78 n., 268

Johnson, Samuel, 382

Jones, David, 218

Jones, George W., 418

Josephy, Robert, ix, xiii, 169

Judith, Countess of Flanders, 104

Kauffer, E. McKnight, 205-6

Keimer, Samuel, 357-58, 359-62
imprints, 357
_Universal Instructor_, 362

Keith, Sir William, 358

Kelmscott Press, 43, 177-80, 187-88, 233-38
binding, 230
_Chaucer_, 101, 209, 236
paper, 228-29
_Recuyell of the Histories of Troye_, 237
types, 253, 255
_see also_ Morris, William

Kennington, Eric, 395

Kent, Henry Watson, xiv

Kerver, Thielman, 274

Keynes, Geoffrey, 205

Kipling, Rudyard, 7

Kirkwood, James, 385

Koberger, Anton, 92

Koch, Rudolph, design, 207

König, Friedrich, 26

Krantz, Martin, 154

Kromberger, Johann, 97

Laboratory Press, 178

Lamb, Charles, 32

Lane, John, 157, 194

Lang, Andrew, _The Library_, 103-4

Lansbury, George, 197-98

Lasteyrie, Count de, _Typographie Economique_ (1837), xii, 306

Lawrence, T. E., 209, 218

leading; _see_ letter-spacing

Lee, Marshall, ed., _Books for Our Time_, xiv

Lee Priory Press, 186

Leeu, Gerard, 40

LeRouge, Pierre, 50

lettering, 338-43, 405-7
defined, 338

letter-spacing, 287-88
leading, 243-44, 284
"driving out," 250, 402

Lewis, W. S., 98-99

ligature, 80-81

Linotype, defined, 404

list of illustrations, 162

Livingston, Luther S., _Franklin and His Press at Passy_, 365

Longlond, J., _A Sermon_ (1536), 58

Lowell, Amy, 107

lower-case letters, 257-61

Lowinsky, Thomas, drawing, 204

Lutetia type face, 232, 414

Luther, Martin
_To the Christian Nobility_, 29
tracts, 55

Lydgate, John, 53

Lydian type face, 255-56

McCulloch, William, 69-71, 74, 76

MacDonald, James Ramsay, 197 n.

Machiavelli, Nicolò, _Discorsi_ (1531), 54

Mackall, Leonard L., "Notes for Bibliophiles," 34

McKerrow, Ronald B., ix, 78
_Introduction to Bibliography_, 31, 35-36, 382

Macmillan, Daniel, 387

McMurtrie, D. C., _The Book_, 18-19, 23, 27, 28

Madan, Falconer, 176

Maillet, Jacques, 47, 50

_Mainz Diary: New Light on the Invention of Printing_, 224

Malory, Sir Thomas, _Morte d'Arthur_, 41

Mansion, Colard, 19

Manutius, Aldus, 48-49, 50, 89, 92, 156, 185
Bembo's _De Aetna_, 412
career, 93-94

Marchant, Guy, 47

Marguerite of Navarre, 105

Marie Antoinette, 105

Martin, Gilbert, 384

Martin, John, _Bibliographical Catalogue of Books Privately Printed_,
175-76

Martin, William, 92, 413

Mary Stuart, 105

_Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Weekly News-Letter_, 66

Mathews, Elkin, 157

Maxwell, William, 206
relations with Shaw, 381-401

Mazarin, Jules, 105

Mendel, Vera; _see_ Meynell, Vera

Meredith, George, 192, 387

Meredith, Hugh, 360-62

Mergenthaler, Ottmar, 27, 254

_Merry England_, 193-94

Merrymount Press, xii, 181

Merrymount type face, 254

metal flower; _see_ printer's flower

Meynell, Alice, 192-94
_Ten Poems_, 197

Meynell, Everard, 192

Meynell, Sir Francis, xiv, 158, 189, 231
Nonesuch Press, 191-211
"Printer's Flowers and Arabesques," x
on type-setting machines, 227-28

Meynell, Vera
and Nonesuch Press, 191, 198-99, 201, 205, 206-7

Meynell, Wilfrid, 192-96, 199

Middle Hill Press, 178

Middleton, Henry, 80

Miller & Richards, 384

Miller-Parker, Agnes, 218

missals, first printed, 22-23

Mitchelson, David, 66-67

Monotype, 158, 189
defined, 404

Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, 211

Montague Press, 291
De Guerin's _The Centaur_, 414

Monticello type face, 403
specimen, 419

Moore, George, 193
_Ulick and Soracha_, 206

Mores, Edward Rowe, ix, 83, 370

Morgan, Charles, _House of Macmillan_, 387

Morgan, Gwenda, 218

Morison, Stanley, x, xiii, 99, 116, 158, 196, 384
on calligraphy, 338
"First Principles of Typography," 239
Times Roman, 420

Morris, William, xi, 179, 390
achievement and influence, 187-88, 227, 228-29, 230, 253
career, 100-1
_Note on His Aims in Founding the Kelmscott Press_, 180
_Roots of the Mountains_, 236, 238, 388
typography of, 233-38, 275, 278
_see also_ Kelmscott Press

Mountjoye type face, 403

Moxon, Edward, 83, 157

Moxon, Joseph, 57

Murray, John, 157, 387-88

Musurus, Marcus, 94

Nash, John, 218

National Association for the Advancement of Art, 388

Nelson, George, xiv

_New Colophon, The_, xv

_New England Courant, The_, 355-56

New York _Herald Tribune_, 34

Newdigate, Bernard H., 181, 390

Niccolo, Simon di, 41

Nichols, Dr. Charles L., _Justus Fox_, 70

Nonesuch Press, 158, 181, 189, 228
history of, 191-211

Nonesuch Press, imprints, 195, 200, 204-5, 207, 209-10
press mark, 199
and Random House, 208
_Shakespeare_, 209

_Nuremberg Chronicle, The_, 41, 91, 92

O'Connor, John, 218

Ogg, Oscar, ix, 337

Olpe, J. von, 91

Orcutt, William Dana, _Manual of Linotype Typography_, 160-65

Original Old Style type face (Italic), 223

ornament; _see_ type ornament

Oswald, John Clyde, _Benjamin Franklin, Printer_, 358

_Oxford English Dictionary_, 34-35

Oxford type face, 256

Oxford University Press, 51, 79, 158, 184 n., 185, 196

Palmer, Samuel, 358-59

Pannartz, Arnold, 78, 153

paper, 16-18, 26-27
Chinese invention of, 17
dampening of, 229
esparto grass, 26
mills, 17-18, 26-27
papyrus, 17
rag, 26
texture of, 119
wood pulp, 26

Patmore, Coventry, 193, 194

Pelican Press, 198

Pelliot, Paul, 25

Pembroke, Countess of (Mary Herbert), 106

Penguin Books, 158
editions of Shaw, 381-82, 395

_Pennsylvania Gazette, The_, 362-63

_Pennsylvania Mercury, The_, 65, 68, 71-74
types for, 74-76

Perpetua type face, 403
specimen, 419

Peter Pauper Press, 165

Petit, Jean, 41

Phillips, Fred, _Old-Fashioned Type Book_, 255

pi, derivation of name, 370

pica, derivation of name, 370

Pickering, William, 156-57, 234, 318

Pigouchet, Phillipe, 154

Pio family, 94

Plant, Marjorie, _English Book Trade_, 382

Plantin, Christopher, 60, 96

playing cards, 21-22

Pleydenworff, Wilhelm, 41

Poe, E. A., "The Gold Bug," 8

point system, x, 369

Poliphilus type face, 200, 403
specimen, 420

Pollard, Alfred W., xi, 35, 36-37, 176, 182
_Essay on Colophons_, 33, 37-38, 40-41

Pollard, Graham, 78 n.

Pompadour, Mme. de, 105

Poulton, T. L., 206

preface, 162-63

printer, amateur, 182-90
_see also_ private press

printer's flower, 57-59, 83-84, 156-57
_see also_ type ornament

printer's mark, 45-51

printing
development of, 15-30
importance of, 85-87
principles of, 226-32
restricted in England, 185-86

private press
defined, and aims of, 175-81, 182
influence of, 186-90
principles and pleasures of, 313-20
types of, 177-79
_see also_ printer, amateur

Proctor, Robert, 188

Proctor's Greek type face, 188

Psalter (Mainz, 1457), 38-39, 49, 183

punch-cutting machine, Benton pantograph, 252-54

punctuation marks, 81-82, 285, 289

Püterschein, Dr. Herman, 224

Pynson, Richard, 53

Pythagoras, 12

Rabelais, François, _Pantagruel_, 95

Radin, Simon, 41

Random House, and Nonesuch Press, 208

Ransom, Will, ix, 254
_Private Presses_, 175, 365

Ratdolt, Erhard, 53, 55

Ravilious, Eric, 218

Rawlinson, Sir Henry C., 3

Read, Herbert, _Grass Roots of Art_, 155, 157

_Recuyell of the Histories of Troye_, 19, 49

Regiomontanus (Müller, J.), _Calendar_, 53

Reichl, Ernst, xiv, 164-65, 168

Reinheckel, Andreas, 42

Reuchlin, Johann, 94

Richards, Grant, 384, 385
_Author Hunting_, 388

Ricketts and Shannon, 188

Riverside Press, 231, 291, 411

Rochester Press, 177

Rodenberg, Julius; _see_ Simon, Oliver

Roeder, Ralph, 93

Roffe, Edwin, 177

Rogers, Bruce, xiii, 164, 165, 188, 220, 318, 411
Centaur, 255, 414
designs, 290-305
influence, 231
_Paragraphs on Printing_, 181, 281-89, 403
_World_ Bible, 302-4

Rollins, Carl Purington, xiii, 98, 164, 166, 252, 291, 318, 414
_B. R.--America's Typographic Playboy_, 300-1

"Romney Street Press," 196-97

Root, Riley, _Journal of Travels_ (Galesburg, 1850), 379-80

Rose, Aquila, 356-57

Routledge, George, 26

Rudge, William, 231

Rudge Press, 295

running head, 245

Rushmore, Arthur W., ix, 164, 167-68, 220

Russell, Bertrand, 198
_Unpopular Essays_, xii-xiii

Ruzicka, Rudolph
design, 51
Fairfield, 255, 416

Sandford, Christopher, _Cockalorum_, 212

sans serif type face, 332-33, 417
specimen, 417

Sassoon, Siegfried, 198

Savonarola, Girolamo, tracts, 53

Sawyer, C. J., and Darton, F. J. H.,
_English Books 1475-1500_, 176

Schöffer, Peter, 38-40, 42, 49, 53, 91, 183

School Press, 179

Scotch Modern type face, 284, 287, 413

Schwartz, Joseph, xv

Schwartz, Miriam, xv

serifs, 255, 405-7

Shand, James, xiv, 381

Shaw, G. B., xiv
editions, 385-88, 391-92, 395, 398-99
filmscripts, 393-95
letters quoted, 383, 387-90
proof correction, 393-94, 396-97, 398, 400
relations with R. & R. Clark, 381-401
shorthand, 383, 394
type preferences, 391-92

Shaw, Mrs. G. B., 399

_Ship of Fools, The_ (1494), 91

Sidney, Sir Philip, _Arcadia_, 106, 203

Simon, Oliver, 154, 158
and Rodenberg, Julius, _Printing of Today_, 344 n.

Sitwell, Sir Osbert, 208, 213

Smithers, Leonard, 157

Sower, Christopher, Jr., 67-70, 72, 74-75

Sower, Samuel, 76

Sparrow, John, 206

Spiral Press, 165, 416

Squire, Sir John C., 192

Steele, Robert, _Revival of Printing_, 181

Stevenson, R. L., 7

Stiles, Rev. Ezra, _Literary Diary_, 71-72, 252

Stöckel, Wolfgang, 53

Stone, Reynolds, 218
design, 102

Strawberry Hill Press, 176, 186

Strozzi, Piero, 106

Sutton, Hannah, 107

Sweynheim, Conrad, 78, 153

table of contents, 162, 167

Targ, William, xv
_Making of the Bruce Rogers World Bible_, 304

Tatham, Elizabeth, 107

Tauchnitz, Bernhard, 234

Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, _In Memoriam_ (1850), 157

Thomas, Isaiah
_Additions to Thomas's History of Printing_, 69-70, 74
_Specimen of Printing Types_, 63

Thompson, Francis, 192-94

Times Roman type face, 403
specimen, 420

title page
Bagford collection, 64
development of, 42-43, 52-64
engraved, 57-60
type ornaments, 57-60
typographic, 60-64
typography of, 161, 167-68, 246-47
woodcut, 53-57

Tomkinson, G. S., _Select Bibliography of Modern Presses_, 181

Topolski, Feliks, 399
drawing, 381

Tory, Geoffroy, 60, 62, 92, 154, 185, 275

Tournes, Jean de, 55, 95

Trautwein, Joseph, xv

Trenholm, George, 254

Trevelyan, G. M., _English Social History_, 384

Tschichold, Jan, 158

type faces
modern, 170-71, 174, 404-6
old style, 404-5
principles of design, 267-73
transitional, 404-6
used by job printers in 1880's, 369-72
_see also_ typography, _and under individual names_

type founding, early history of, in U. S., 65-77

type ornament, 57-59
Cleland's designs, 297, 299
Rogers's designs, 290-305
_see also_ printer's flower

typographer, and publisher, 153-59

_Typographie Economique_; _see_ Lasteyrie, Count de

typography
Bauhaus, 306-7
characters in early English, 78-80
defined, 239-40
in modern trade books, 169-74
of William Morris, 234-38
old vs. modern, 274-80

typography, principles of, 109-14, 160-68, 239-51, 257-66
problems in modern, 344-49, 402-7
tendencies in modern, 306-12, 321-36
_see also_ type faces

Typophiles, The, 102, 129

Ulhard, Philip, 42

Updike, Daniel Berkeley, xii, xiii, 92-93, 95, 188, 223, 288 n.,
318, 403, 414, 419
_In the Day's Work_, x, 158
_Notes on the Merrymount Press_, 181
_Printing Types_, x, 88
_Some Aspects of Printing_, x, 181, 306

Vale Press, 188

Valéry, Paul, _Les deux vertus d'un livre_, 122

Van Doren, Carl, 101

Van Hoesen, H. B., _Bibliography_, 36

Vascosan, Michel de, 60

Vele, Abraham, 53, 61

Verrue, Countesse de, 105

Vico, Enea, 60

Vincentino, Lodovico, 54

Vorsterman, Willem, 50

Vostre, Simon le, 154
_Book of Hours_, 278

Waflard, 92

Walker, Emery, 188, 228, 229, 388

Walpole, Horace, 98-99, 178, 186

Walter, F. K., _Bibliography_, 36

Wang Cheng, 25

Warde, Beatrice, xiii, 109

Warde, Frederic, 414

Warton, Thomas, _History of English Poetry_, 37

Watson, James, ix
_Art of Printing_, 85, 384

Watts, John, 359

Waugh, Evelyn, 213

Way & Williams, 177

Webb, Beatrice, 388

Webb, Clifford, 218

Webb, Sidney, 388

Webster's _Dictionary_, 35

_Week-End Book, The_, 199

_Weekly Register, The_, 194

Weiditz, Hans, 55

Westcott and Thomson (Philadelphia), xv

Westminster Press, 194

Wheeler, Monroe, 319

Whitnash Press, 179

Whittingham, Charles, 156, 318

Wiebking, Robert, 254, 273, 414

Wight, John, 50

Williams, Iolo, _Elements of Book-Collecting_, 36

Willoughby, Edwin Eliott, 45

Wilson, Alexander, 89

Winship, George Parker, 88-89
_Sailor Narratives_, 291

Winterich, John T., xiv, 176
_Early American Books and Printing_, 352

Wolff, H., Co., 165

Wolgemut, Michael, 41

Wollaston, William, _Religion of Nature Delineated_, 358-59

women, as bibliophiles, 103-8

wood-block printing
Chinese origins, 21
_Heiligen_, 25
playing cards, 21-22

Worde, Wynkyn de, 57, 58

Wordsworth, William, _Prelude_ (1850), 157

World Publishing Co., xv
_World_ Bible, 302-4

Wroth, Lawrence C., 65

Yeats, W. B., 192

Young, Thomas, 3

_This book was composed in twenty-two different type faces
by Westcott & Thomson, Inc., Philadelphia.
Typography and design by Jos. Trautwein._