Chapter XVI (3)

Smith, Jedediah S., 232;
with Ashley, 234;
character, 234;
goes from Salt Lake to California, 250;
goes to San Gabriel Mission, 250;
crosses the Sierra, 251;
returns to Salt Lake, 251;
goes to California a second time, 251;
attacked by Mohaves, 251;
thrown into prison by the Spaniards in California, 251;
traps to the Columbia, 251;
circuits he made, 252;
party destroyed by Shastas, 252;
reaches Fort Vancouver, 252;
meets Sublette's search party, 252;
back at Salt Lake, 252;
killed by Comanches, 262;
Gregg's estimate of, 262;
first to traverse Nevada, 269;
Walker's journey compared to Smith's, 280

Smith, Joseph, Mormon prophet, 304;
murder of, 305

Smith, Pegleg, 263;
_see_ Thomas L. Smith.

Smith, Thomas L., 263;
amputates his leg, 263;
called Pegleg, 263;
his business, 263;
gives up raiding, 264;
he and Beckwourth make a raid, 264

Snake River, 210;
plain, 211

Snow sheds in the Sierra, 331

Socorro, copper mines near, 267

Soledad Mission, when founded, 122

Song of the voyageur, 129

Sonora, Mission of Dolores in, 120;
Pass, Sierra Nevada range, 280

Sonoran government proclamation concerning booty taken from
natives, 265

Soto, Hernando de, 126;
crosses the Mississippi, 127;
death and burial, 127;
forgotten, 133

Sounds, strange, heard by Lewis and Clark, 168

South Pass, discovered by Andrew Henry, 234;
Bonneville goes over it, 272;
Frémont selected to explore it, 300

South-west, little mention of the trapping that went on there, 269

Spain and the United States, relations of, in 1805, 181;
agree on Louisiana boundary, 220

Spalding, Reverend H. H., with Whitman, 289

Spaniards expelled by the Pueblos from New Mexico, 117

Spanish, term for buffalo, 34;
restrictions on exploration, 117;
Fork, 124;
destroy French in Florida, 130;
protest against the transfer of Louisiana to the United
States, 152;
objection to Lewis and Clark's entering Louisiana before
transfer, 160;
watch Pike, 181;
intention regarding Pike, 190;
claims, 220;
River, 208, 234;
women on Santa Fé Trail, 258;
Trail, 270, 322

Sparks, one of Pike's men, freezes his feet, 190;
Captain, attempts to explore Red River, 227

Spike, the last, 335, 337

Split Mountain Canyon, 294

Sportsmen go to the Wilderness, 287

Stampede, 260

Stanford, Governor, drives the last spike, 336

Steamboat, on Long's expedition, 222;
to mouth of Yellowstone, 285;
first above Council Bluffs, 285;
advantage of, on the Missouri, 286;
_Colorado_, _Esmeralda_, _General Jesup_, _Uncle Sam_, 315

Stephens, 274

Stillwater Canyon, Green River, 322

Stock, term as applied to Amerind tribal groups explained, 61;
languages of the Amerinds, 61

Stony Mountains, 156

Strait of Juan de Fuca, 119

Straits of Anian, a myth, 147

Stuart, James, monument, described by, 140

Stuart, Robert, 215, 216, 218, 252

Sublette, Milton, 264, 274

Sublette, William, with Ashley, 234;
with Fitzpatrick and Company buys out Ashley, 244;
takes waggons to Wind River, 272

Subsistence of the Amerind tribes, 70

Succotash, 79

Sulte, Benjamin, Preface, vii.

Sumner, Jack, with Major Powell in the exploration of the
Colorado, 320;
goes down Colorado from Green River Valley to tidewater, 325

Supawn, a dish made of cooked corn, 79

Sutter's ranch, gold found there, 308

Sweetwater River, named by Ashley, 234

Swindling by traders, 94

T

Tabbaquena's map, 89

Tacoutche Tesse, not the Columbia, 148

Tamos villages seen by Espejo, 116

Tampa Bay, Soto lands there, 126

Tanning buffalo robes, 48

Taos, location of, 70;
Fowler and Glenn go there, 235;
San Fernandez de, Pattie arrives there, 248;
lightning, 268

Tariff put on American goods into New Mexico, 268

Taylor, General, ordered to occupy Rio Grande region, 300

Temples of the Virgin, location of, 8

Termini of Pacific railways, 332

Texas, Spanish settlements in, 119;
claim to, given up by the United States, 220;
status of, in the Mexican Republic, 298;
revolt, 298;
triumphs at San Jacinto, 298;
western boundary, 298;
admitted to the Union, 300

Thompson, David, to forestall Astor on the Columbia, 198;
arrives at Astoria, 202

Thompson, Almon Harris. _See_ dedication

Thompson, William, scalped alive, 330;
his scalp preserved, 332

Thorn, Captain Jonathan, to command the ship to establish
Astoria, 198;
killed on the _Tonquin_, 200

Thousand Mile Tree, 328

Three Tetons called Pilot Knobs by Hunt, 208

Tidal bore, Colorado River, 249

Tiguex, 111;
rebellion, 112;
correct site of, 113;
Espejo arrives there, 114;
map showing correct location of, 115;
below the Puerco, 116

Timpanogos, Utah Lake, 124

Tobacco, use of, by Amerind tribes, 79

Todd, grant from Spain, 151;
goes up the Missouri, 151;
Reverend Doctor, gives a prayer at the completion of the
trans-continental railway ceremony, 333, 336

Tonikan stock, 68

Tonkawan stock, 67

Tonty, 133

_Tonquin_, the doomed vessel, 198;
arrives at the Columbia, 199;
loses men in trying to cross the bar, 199;
goes on a trading voyage, 200;
crew massacred, 200

Torrey, 303

Tortillas, 267

Totem, 85

Tower of Babel, Amerinds supposed by the Mormons to be
descendants of some who were dispersed at that time, 304

Townshend, naturalist, with Wyeth, 283

Traders, cupidity of, 94, 286

Trading-posts on Missouri, 151

Trail, of Escalante, 124;
from Zuñi to the Crossing of the Fathers, 314

Trail, Creek, 168

Trap, beaver, 28;
where set, 29;
bait, 29;
picture of, 29

Trappers, operations of, 221, 253;
qualities of, 231;
treatment of natives by, 232;
did their own surgery, 288;
wrecked in Lodore, 322

Traveller's Rest, camp of Lewis and Clark, 169

Travois, the, 89

Treaty, ending war of 1812, signed, 219;
of 1848, between Mexico and the United States relative to
the boundary of Louisiana, 300;
of Gadsden with Mexico, 315

Tribal names, 86

Trinchera Valley, 235

Trudeau's House, 151

Tucson, 124

Turk, the, 112

Turnbull takes a small steamer to the Colorado, 315

Tusayan, 110

Tushepaws, or Sciatogas, 214

Tutahaco, group of Pueblos visited by Coronado, 114

U

Ugarte, Friar, 120

Uinta, range, cut into by Green River, 234;
Agency, Goodman leaves the Powell party and goes out that
way, 322

Umatilla, Hunt arrives in the valley of, 213

_Uncle Sam_, steamboat on the Colorado, 315

Union Express Company, 336

Union Pacific Railway formed, 328;
Government aid to, 329

United States, gains all east of the Mississippi, 144;
claims in 1818, 220;
treaty with Mexico, 1848, 300

Utah, Lake, 242;
called Timpanogos, 124;
territory established, 308

Ute, tribe, where classed, 63;
action of, on approach of Arapaho enemies, 297;
La Bonte goes to a camp, 297;
ford of the Colorado, 314;
Hamblin crosses by the ford, 317

V

Vaca, Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de, wrecked with Narvaez, 103;
first white man to penetrate the Wilderness, 104;
starts west, 106;
meets Spaniards from the west coast, 107

Vacas, Rio de las, 116

Vallar, Andri, 216

Valley of the Colorado, 6

Vancouver, Point, 170

Vancouver, in Deception Bay before Gray, 150

Vanished race theories, 68

Vaquero, 129;
Mexican, 267;
skill of, 267

Vargas, General, reconquers New Mexico from the Pueblos, 117

Verendrye, Sieur de la, 138;
his expedition, 139;
his route, 158

Verrazano's cruise, 128

Veta Pass, 189

Villazur expedition, 117, 138, 182;
title of paper on, by Bandelier, 134

Virgin River, Jedediah Smith reaches it and calls it Adams
River, 250;
trapping on it, 269;
difference in altitude between Green River Station, Wyoming,
and the mouth of, 320

Virgin, Thomas, Virgin River perhaps named after him, 250

Vizcaino, explorations of, 119;
enters San Diego harbour, 119

Volunteers, California, march from Salt Lake to Denver over
new road laid out by Captain Berthoud, 315

Voyageurs, songs of, 129;
character of, 147;
seasick, 199;
with Hunt, 204

W

Waggons, on the Santa Fé Trail, 258;
to Wind River and to Green River, 272

Walker, 272, 276-278, 280

Walla Walla, Fort, 281

Wallows of Buffalo, 50

Wapatoo Island, 283

War party, return of an Amerind, 100

War Road, The, 100, 185

Wasatch Mountains, 5;
eastern limit of ancient sea, 6;
Escalante crosses them, 124

Watermelons preserved all winter, 81

Weaving by Amerinds, 93

_Western Engineer, The_, Long's steamboat, 222

West port, starting point of Santa Fé Trail, 309

Wet Mountain Valley, Pike goes through it, 188

Whipple, exploration of, 316

Whirlpool Canyon, 294

Whiskey, forced on natives, 286;
still, at Fort Union, 286;
prohibited by the Government, 286;
trade, dishonour of, 287

White bears (grizzlies), 53, 164;
Dawson killed by, 235;
one of Pattie's men killed by, 247;
number counted in one day by Pattie, 247

White blood, infusion of, in Amerind tribes, 72

White buffalo, skin sacred, 51

White Mountains, 189

Whitman, Dr. Marcus, 287-289, 290, 308

Wichita tribe, where classed, 64

Wickiup, 68

Wilderness, area, 1;
rivers, 4, 327;
first European settlements in the, 5;
climate and character, 10, 230;
relief map, 24;
great elevation of, 230;
crimes in, 232;
resources of, in the opinion of Pike, of Long, of Frémont, 304;
final great problem, 320;
broken, 324

Wilkinson, General, 164;
Lieutenant, 184

Willamet, 170

Willow Island, 332

Wind River, 207;
Mountains, highest peak climbed by Frémont, 300

Wolf, mad, 275

Wolfskill, William, opens route to California, 270;
at Los Angeles, 270;
trail, 309;
referred to, 322

Women, first European, to cross the plains, 258

Wonsits Valley, 294, 322

Wood buffalo, 38

Wyeth, Nathaniel J., goes to the Wilderness, 273;
first continuous trip across the continent, 275;
builds Fort Hall, 283;
sells out to Hudson Bay Company, 283;
reports whiskey still of Fort Union, 286

X

Xavier del Bac, San, mission, 124

Y

Yaqui River, Mexico, Cabeza de Vaca reaches it, 107

Yellowstone, 8, 164;
geysers and Great Falls, 8;
Verendrye passes, 139;
named before Lewis and Clark's time, 196;
Ashley descends with furs, 242

_Yellowstone_, steamboat, 285

Yosemite Valley, 8;
first whites there, 280

Young, Brigham, becomes head of the Mormon Church, 305;
character of, 305;
goes to Salt Lake, 306;
appointed Governor of Utah, 308;
has a difference with the Washington Government, 310;
directs Jacob Hamblin to explore a road across the Colorado, 317;
sends help to Powell, 325

Young, Ewing, 264

Yucca, 10

Z

Zuñi, stock, location of, 67;
not the site of Cibola, 113;
Espejo goes there, 116;
trail from, to the Crossing of the Fathers, 314

From _Wonderland _, 1904. Northern Pacific Railway.]

_The_ Romance _of the_
Colorado River : : :

_A Complete Account of the Discovery and of the Explorations from
1540 to the Present Time, with Particular Reference to the two
Voyages of Powell through the Line of the Great Canyons_

By Frederick S. Dellenbaugh

_8o, with 200 Illustrations, net, $3.50. By mail, $3.75_

"As graphic and as interesting as a novel.... Of especial value to the average reader is the multiplicity of pictures. They occur on almost every page, and while the text is always clear, these pictures give, from a single glance, an idea of the vastness of the canyons and their remarkable formation, which it would be beyond the power of pen to describe. And the color reproduction of the water-color drawing that Thomas Moran made of the entrance to Bright Angel Trail gives some faint idea of the glories of color which have made the Grand Canyon the wonder and the admiration of the world."—_The Cleveland Leader._

"His scientific training, his long experience in this region, and his eye for natural scenery enable him to make this account of the Colorado River most graphic and interesting. No other book equally good can be written for many years to come—not until our knowledge of the river is greatly enlarged."—_The Boston Herald._

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_The_ North Americans _of_
Yesterday : : :

_A Comparative Study of North American Indian Life, Customs, and
Products, on the Theory of the Ethnic Unity of the Race_

By Frederick S. Dellenbaugh

_With about 350 illustrations, 8o, net, $4.00_

"For its thoroughness, the scientific spirit in which it is written and in which the studies on which it is based were made, the book cannot fail to take high rank in its field of literature."—_Buffalo Express._

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"Mr. Dellenbaugh's book is the most satisfactory volume that the new study has evoked. It is full of facts which are agreeably but forcibly presented. Without seeking controversy it takes bold positions and works from their standpoint, and it is graced by a wealth of illustration."—_Transcript_, Portland, Me.

"The first great merit of the book is that it is strictly impartial, written from a viewpoint midway between that of the white man who has rarely treated the Indian or his history justly, and that which the Indian himself would be supposed to take were he to write his history. And the author's treatment of the red man it must be admitted is just."—_Grand Rapids Herald._

G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
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A Canyon Voyage

_The Narrative of the Second Powell Expedition down the
Green-Colorado River from Wyoming and the Explorations on Land in
the Years 1871 and 1872._

By Frederick S. Dellenbaugh

Artist and Assistant Topographer of the Expedition

_8vo with 50 Full-page Illustrations from Photographs and
from Drawings by the Author (2 in color) and Maps including
reproductions of the first maps made. Net, $3.50. By mail, $3.75._

Mr. Dellenbaugh's new book is a narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition, generally known as the Second Powell Expedition down the Green and Colorado Rivers from Wyoming almost forty years ago; an expedition which in all these years never has been described in any government publication, nor by anyone in print excepting Mr. Dellenbaugh, who was a member of the party. Yet it was the expedition to make the first maps of the course of the river and of some of the contiguous country. In the _Romance of the Colorado_, Mr. Dellenbaugh gave a brief description of this expedition in order to make his history of the remarkable river complete, but now feeling the desirability of a fuller record in the interest of Western United States history, he tells, in _A Canyon Voyage_, the whole experience.

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_The_ Ohio River

_A Course of Empire_

By Archer Butler Hulbert

Associate Professor of American History, Marietta College. Author
of "Historic Highways of America," etc.

_Large Octavo with 100 Full-Page Illustrations and a Map. Net,
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An interesting description from a fresh point of view of the international struggle which ended with the English conquest of the Ohio Basin, and includes many interesting details of the pioneer movement on the Ohio. The most widely read students of the Ohio Valley will find a unique and unexpected interest in Mr. Hulbert's chapters dealing with the Ohio River in the Revolution, the rise of the cities of Pittsburg, Cincinnati, and Louisville, the fighting Virginians, the old-time methods of navigation, etc. The work presents in a consecutive narrative the most important historic incidents connected with the river, combined with descriptions of some of its most picturesque scenery and delightful excursions into its legendary lore.

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