Chapter XIX: Front Matter (19)

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Wattled Vultures (Sarcorhamphus), ii., 70; the
Condor (Sarcorhamphus gryphus), ii., 70; the
Californian Condor (S. Californianus), ii., 71; the
King of the Vultures (S. papa), ii., 71.
" " 2.--The Goose Vultures (Gyps), ii., 73; the Tawny Goose
Vulture (G. fulvus), ii., 74; the Sparrow-hawk Goose
Vulture (G. Rüppellii), ii., 74.
" " 3.--The Crested Vultures (Vultur), ii., 75; the Cowled or
Brown Vulture (V. cinereus), ii., 75; the Crested
Vulture (Vultur or Lophogyps occipitalis), ii., 76.
" " 4.--The Eared Vultures (Otogyps), ii., 76; the Eared
Vulture (O. auricularis), ii., 77.

_FAMILY X._--THE RAVEN VULTURES (CATHARTÆ), ii., 77.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Scavenger Raven Vultures (Percnopterus), ii., 78;
the Egyptian Raven Vulture (P. stercorarius), ii., 78.
" " 2.--The Collared Vultures (Neophron), ii., 79; the Monk
Vulture (N. pileatus), ii., 79.
" " 3.--The True Raven Vultures (Cathartes), ii., 82; the
Urubu (C. aura), ii., 82.
" " 4.--The Crow Vultures (Coragyps), ii., 82; the Gallinazo
(C. atratus), ii., 82.

_FAMILY XI._--THE DAY OWLS (SURNIÆ), ii., 85.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Falcon Owls (Surnia), ii., 85; the Sparrow-hawk
Owl (S. Ulula), ii., 85.
" " 2.--The Hare Owls (Nyctea), ii., 86; the Snow Owl
(N. nivea), ii., 86.
" " 3.--The Stone Owls (Athene), ii., 87; the Stone Owl
(Athene noctua), ii., 87.
" " 4.--The Burrowing Owls (Pholeoptynx), ii., 89; the
Brazilian or Rabbit Owl (P. cunicularia), ii., 90;
the Prairie Owl (P. hypogæa), ii., 90.
" " 5.--The Sparrow Owls (Microptynx), ii., 91; the European
Sparrow Owl (M. passerina), ii., 91.

_FAMILY XII._--THE EARED OWLS (BUBONES), ii., 91.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Uhus (Bubo), ii., 91; the Uhu (B. maximus),
ii., 93.
" " 2.--The Water Owls (Ketupa), ii., 95; the Brown Fish
Owl (K. Ceylonensis), ii., 95.
" " 3.--The Eared Owls (Otus), ii., 97; the Woodland Owl
(O. sylvestris), ii., 97; the Marsh Owl
(O. brachyotus), ii., 98.
" " 4.--The Dwarf Eared Owls (Ephialtes), ii., 98; the Dwarf
Eared Owl (E. Scops, or E. Carniolica), ii., 98.

_FAMILY XIII._--THE NOCTURNAL OWLS (STRIGES), ii., 99.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Tree Owls (Syrnium), ii., 99; the Tree Owl
(S. aluco), ii., 99.
" " 2.--The Night Owls (Nyctale), ii., 100; the Hairy-footed
Night Owl (N. dasypus), ii., 100.
" " 3.--The Veiled Owls (Strix), ii., 102; Kirchhoff's Owl
(S. Kirchhoffii), ii., 102; the Barn Owl (S. flammea),
ii., 102.

* * * * *

_SUB-ORDER V._

THE GAPERS (HIANTES).

_FAMILY I._--THE SWALLOWS (HIRUNDINES), ii., 104.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Swallows (Cecropis), ii., 105; The Chimney
Swallow (C. rustica), ii., 106; the Senegal Swallow
(C. Senegalensis), ii., 109; the Thread-tailed Swallow
(C. filifera), ii., 110.
" " 2.--The Martins (Chelidon), ii., 110; the House Martin
(C. urbica), ii., 110; the Ariel (C. Ariel), ii., 113.
" " 3.--The Mountain or Shore Swallows (Cotyle), ii., 111;
the Rock Swallows (C. rupestris), ii., 111; the Sand
Martin (C. riparia), ii., 112.
" " 4.--The Wood Swallows (Atticora), ii., 114; the Striped
Wood Swallow (A. fasciata), ii., 114.
" " 5.--The Sailor Swallows (Progne), ii., 114; the Purple
Swallow (P. purpurea), ii., 114.

_FAMILY II._--THE SWIFTS (CYPSELI), ii., 115.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Tree Swifts (Dendrochelidon), ii., 118; the
Klecho (D. klecho), ii., 118.
" " 2.--The Salanganes (Collocalia), ii., 118; the Salangane
Proper (C. nidifica), ii., 118; the Kusappi
(C. fuciphaga), ii., 119.
" " 3.--The Prickly-tailed Swifts (Acanthylis), ii., 121; the
White-throated Prickly-tailed Swift (A. caudatus),
ii., 122.
" " 4.--The Swifts Proper (Cypselus), ii., 122; the Dwarf
Swift (C. parvus), ii., 122; the Palm-tree Swift
(C. palmarum), ii., 122; the Steeple Swift (C. apus),
ii., 122; the Alpine Swift (C. Melba), ii., 123.

_FAMILY III._--THE GOATSUCKERS (CAPRIMULGI), ii., 124.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Podagers (Podager), ii., 125; the Nacunda
(P. nacunda), ii., 125.
" " 2.--The Twilight Night Jars (Chordeiles), ii., 126;
the Night Falcon (C. Virginianus), ii., 126.
" " 3.--The Goatsuckers (Caprimulgus), ii., 127; the
European Night Jar (C. Europæus), ii., 127;
the Resplendent Goatsucker (C. eximius), ii., 128.
" " 4.--The Bristled Night Jars (Antrostomus), ii., 128;
the Whip-poor-Will (A. vociferus), ii., 128.
" " 5.--The African Night Jars (Scotornis), ii., 129; the
African Night Jar (S. climacurus), ii., 129.
" " 6.--The Lyre-tailed Night Jars (Hydropsalis), ii., 130;
the Lyre-tailed Night Jar (H. forcipata), ii., 130.
" " 7.--The Streamer Night Jars (Macrodipteryx), ii., 131;
the Long-winged Macrodipteryx (M. longipennis),
ii., 131; the Streamer-bearing Night Jar (M. or
Cosmetornis vexillarius), ii., 131.
" " 8.--The Giant Goatsuckers (Nyctibius), ii., 134; the
Ibijau, or Earth-eater (N. grandis), ii., 134.

_FAMILY IV._--THE OIL BIRDS (STEATORNITHES), ii., 135.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Guachero, or Oil Bird (Steatornis Caripensis),
ii., 135.

_FAMILY V._--THE OWL SWALLOWS (PODARGI), ii., 136.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Dwarf Owl Swallows (Ægotheles), ii., 136; the
Dwarf Owl Swallow (Æ. Novæ-Hollandiæ), ii., 137.
" " 2.--The Giant Owl Swallows (Podargus), ii., 138; the
Giant Owl Swallow (P. humeralis), ii., 138.
" " 3.--The Frog-mouths (Batrachostomus), ii., 140; the
Plumed Frog-mouth (B. cornutus or Javanicus),
ii., 140.

* * * * *

_SUB-ORDER VI._

SINGING BIRDS (OSCINES).

_FAMILY I._--THE SHRIKES (LANII), ii., 141.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Butcher Birds (Lanius), ii., 141; the Sentinel
Butcher Bird, or Great Grey Shrike (L. excubitor),
ii., 142; the Southern Shrike (L. meridionalis), ii.,
143; the Black-browed Shrike (L. minor), ii., 143.
" " 2.--The Butcher Birds Proper (Enneoctonus), ii., 146;
the Red-backed Shrike, or True Butcher Bird
(E. collurio), ii., 146; the Red-headed Shrike
(E. or Phoneus rufus), ii., 146; the Masked Shrike
(E. personatus), ii., 147.
" " 3.--The Thick-headed Shrikes (Falcunculus), ii., 147;
the Falcon Shrike (F. frontatus), ii., 147.

_FAMILY II._--THE BUSH SHRIKES (MALACONOTI), ii., 148.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Flute-voiced Shrikes (Laniarius), ii., 149; the
Scarlet Shrike (L. erythrogaster), ii., 149; the
Flute Shrike (L. Æthiopicus), ii., 150.
" " 2.--The Hooded Shrikes (Telephonus), ii., 150; the
Tschagra (T. erythropterus), ii., 150.
" " 3.--The Helmet Shrikes (Prionops), ii., 151; the Helmet
Shrike (P. cristatus), ii., 151.

_FAMILY III._--THE RAVEN SHRIKES (THAMNOPHILI), ii., 152.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Crow Shrikes (Cracticus), ii., 151; the Magpie
Shrike (C. destructor), ii., 151.
" " 2.--The True Raven Shrikes (Thamnophilus), ii., 152;
Vigors' Raven Shrike (T. undulatus), ii., 153.

_FAMILY IV._--THE DRONGO SHRIKES (EDOLII), ii., 154.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The King Crows (Dicrourus), ii., 154; the King Crow,
or Finga (D. macrocercus), ii., 154.
" " 2.--The Drongos (Chaptia), ii., 154; the Singing Drongo
(C. musica), ii., 154.
" " 3.--The Flag-bearing Drongos (Edolius), ii., 155; the
Bee King (E. paradiseus), ii., 155.

_FAMILY V._--THE SWALLOW SHRIKES (ARTAMI), ii., 156.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Swallow Shrikes (Artamus), ii., 156; the Wood
Swallow Shrike (A. sordidus), ii., 156.

_FAMILY VI._--THE TYRANT SHRIKES (TYRANNI), ii., 158.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Tyrants (Tyrannus), ii., 158; the Tyrant Shrike,
or King Bird (T. intrepidus), ii., 158.
" " 2.--The Screaming Tyrants (Saurophagus), ii., 159; the
Bentevi (S. sulphuratus), ii., 159.
" " 3.--The Fork-tailed Tyrants (Milvalus), ii., 161; the
Scissor Bird (M. tyrannus), ii., 161.
" " 4.--The Crowned Tyrants (Megalophus), ii., 162; the
Royal Tyrant (M. regius), ii., 162.
" " 5.--The Stilted Fly-catchers (Gubernates), ii., 163;
the Yiperu, or Yetapa (G. Yiperu), ii., 163.
" " 6.--The Cock-tailed Fly-catchers (Alectrurus), ii., 163;
the Cock-tailed Fly-catcher (A. tricolor), ii., 163.

_FAMILY VII._--THE CATERPILLAR EATERS (CAMPEPHAGÆ), ii., 164.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Red Bird (Pericrocotus), ii., 164; the Red Bird
(P. speciosus), ii., 164.

_FAMILY VIII._--THE FLY-SNAPPERS (MYIAGRÆ), ii., 164.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Paradise Fly-catchers (Terpsiphone), ii., 166;
the Paradise Fly-snapper (T. paradisea), ii., 166.
" " 2.--The Fantails (Rhipidura), ii., 166; the Wagtail
Fantail (R. motacilloides), ii., 167.

_FAMILY IX._--THE FLY-CATCHERS (MUSCICAPÆ), ii., 167.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Fly-catchers (Butalis), ii., 168; the Grey
or Spotted Fly-catcher (B. grisola), ii., 168.
" " 2.--The Mourning Fly-catchers (Muscicapa), ii., 169; the
Black-capped or Pied Fly-catcher (M. atricapilla),
ii., 170; the Collared or White-necked Fly-catcher
(M. albicollis), ii., 170.
" " 3.--The Dwarf Fly-catchers (Erythrosterna), ii., 171;
the Dwarf Fly-catcher (E. parva), ii., 171.

_FAMILY X._--THE SILK-TAILS (BOMBYCILLÆ), ii., 171.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Silk-tails (Bombycilla), ii., 171; the Bohemian
Chatterer, or Wax-Wing (B. garrula), ii., 172.

_FAMILY XI._--THE MANAKINS (PIPRÆ), ii., 174.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Rock Birds (Rupicola), ii., 174; the Cock of the
Rock (R. crocea), ii., 174.
" " 2.--The True Manakins (Pipræ), ii., 176; the Long-tailed
Manakin (P. caudata), ii., 177; the Tije (P. pareola),
ii., 177; the Black-cap Manakin (P. manacus), ii.,
178.
" " 3.--The Panther Birds (Pardalotus), ii., 178; the Diamond
Bird (P. punctatus), ii., 178.

_FAMILY XII._--THE BALD-HEADED CROWS (GYMNODERI), ii., 179.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Bald Fruit Crows (Gymnocephalus), ii., 180; the
Capuchin Bird (G. calvus), ii., 180.
" " 2.--The Umbrella Chatterers (Cephalopterus), ii., 181;
the Umbrella Bird (C. ornatus), ii., 181.
" " 3.--The Bell Birds (Chasmarhynchus), ii., 182; the
Bare-necked Bell Bird (C. nudicollis), ii., 182;
the Araponga (C. variegatus), ii., 183; the True
Bell Bird (C. carunculatus), ii., 183; the
Three-wattled Bell Bird (C. tricarunculatus),
ii., 183.

_FAMILY XIII._--THE GROUND SINGERS (HUMICOLÆ), ii., 184.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Nightingales (Luscinia), ii., 186; the Nightingale
(L. Philomela), ii., 186.
" " 2.--The Tree Nightingales (Aëdon), ii., 187; the Tree
Nightingale (A. galactodes), ii., 187.
" " 3.--The Blue-throated Warblers (Cyanecula), ii., 188;
the Swedish Blue-throat (C. Suecica), ii., 189; the
White-starred Blue-throat (C. leucocyana), ii., 189.
" " 4.--The Ruby Nightingales (Calliope), ii., 190; the
Calliope of Kamschatka (C. Camtschatcensis), ii., 190.
" " 5.--The Redbreasts (Rubecula), ii., 191; the Robin
Redbreast (R. sylvestris), ii., 191.

_FAMILY XIV._--THE WARBLERS (MONTICOLÆ), ii., 193.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Redstarts (Ruticilla), ii., 194; the Black-capped
Redstart (R. atra, or R. titys), ii., 194; the Garden
Redstart (R. phœnicura), ii., 195.
" " 2.--The Meadow Warblers (Pratincola), ii., 195; the
Brown-throated Meadow Warbler (P. rubetra), ii., 195;
the Black-throated Meadow Warbler (P. rubicola),
ii., 196.
" " 3.--The Chats (Saxicolæ), ii., 198; the Fallow Chat, or
Wheat-ear (S. œnanthe), ii., 198; the Eared Stone
Chat (S. aurita), ii., 198; the Black-throated Stone
Chat (S. stapazina), ii., 198.
" " 4.--The Running Warblers (Dromolæa), ii., 199; the
White-tailed Wheat-ear (D. leucura), ii., 200.
" " 5.--The Stone Thrushes, or Rock Wagtails (Petrocincla),
ii., 202; the Stone Thrush, or Rock Wagtail (P. or
Turdus saxatilis), ii., 202; the Blue Rock Wagtail
(P. cyanea), ii., 203.
" " 6.--The Bush Warblers (Thamnolæa), ii., 204; the Bush
Warbler (T. albiscapulata), ii., 204.

_FAMILY XV._--THE THRUSHES (TURDI), ii., 205.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Wood Thrushes (Turdus), ii., 206; the Missel
Thrush (T. viscivorus), ii., 206; the Song Thrush
(T. musicus), ii., 207; the Fieldfare (T. pilaris),
ii., 207; the Redwing (T. iliacus), ii., 210; the
Ring Ouzel (T. torquatus), ii., 211; the Blackbird
(T. merula), ii., 211.

_FAMILY XVI._--THE MOCKING THRUSHES (MIMI), ii., 213.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Mocking Thrushes (Mimi), ii., 214; the Mocking
Bird (M. polyglottus), ii., 214.
" " 2.--The Red Mocking Thrushes (Taxostoma), ii., 216;
the Ferruginous Mocking Bird (T. rufum), ii., 216.
" " 3.--The Cat Birds (Galeoscoptes), ii., 216; the Cat Bird
(G. Carolinensis), ii., 216.

_FAMILY XVII._--THE BABBLERS (TIMALIÆ), ii., 218.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Grey Birds (Pycnonotus), ii., 218; the Grey Bird
(P. arsinoë), ii., 218; Le Vaillant's Grey Bird
(P. Vaillantii), ii., 219.
" " 2.--The True Babblers (Timalia), ii., 220; the Red-headed
Babbler (T. pileata), ii., 220.
" " 3.--The Hook-clawed Babblers (Crateropus), ii., 221; the
White-rumped Babbler (C. leucopygius), ii., 221.
" " 4.--The Laughing Thrushes (Garrulax), ii., 222; the
White-tufted Laughing Thrush (G. leucolophus),
ii., 223.

_FAMILY XVIII._--THE WATER OUZELS (CINCLUS), ii., 223.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Water Ouzels (Cinclus), ii., 223; the Water
Ouzel, or Dipper (C. aquaticus), ii., 223; the
American Water Ouzel (C. Americanus), ii., 228.

_FAMILY XIX._--THE PITTAS (PITTÆ), ii., 228.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Pittas, or Painted Thrushes (Pitta), ii., 228;
the Nurang (P. Bengalensis), ii., 228; the Pulih
(P. Angolensis), ii., 229; the Noisy Pitta
(P. strepitans), ii., 229.

_FAMILY XX._--THE ANT THRUSHES (MYIOTHERÆ), ii., 230.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Ant Birds (Pyriglena), ii., 230; the Fire Eye
(P. domicella), ii., 230.
" " 2.--The Ant Kings (Grallaria), ii., 231; the Ant King
(G. rex), ii., 231.
" " 3.--The Tapacolos (Pteroptochus), ii., 231; the Tapacolo,
or Tualo (P. megapodius), ii., 231.

_FAMILY XXI._--THE LYRE-TAILS (MENURÆ), ii., 232.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Lyre-tails (Menura), ii., 232; the Lyre Bird
(M. superba), ii., 232.

_FAMILY XXII._--THE SONG WARBLERS (SYLVIÆ), ii., 237.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Song Warblers (Curruca), ii, 238; the
Sparrow-hawk Warbler (C. nisoria),
ii., 238; the Orpheus Warbler (C. Orphea), ii., 239;
the Greater Pettichaps (C. or Sylvia hortensis), ii.,
240; the Lesser White-throat (C. garrula), ii., 242;
the Capirote, or Black-cap (C. atricapilla), ii., 243;
the White-throat (C. cinerea), ii., 245; the
Spectacled Warbler (C. conspiculata), ii., 246; the
White-throated Warbler (C. leucopogon), ii., 247.
" " 2.--The Fire-eyed Warblers (Pyrophthalma), ii., 247; the
Black-headed Fire-eyed Warbler (P. melanocephala),
ii., 248; the Sardinian Fire-eyed Black-head
(P. Sarda), ii., 249; the Provence or Dartford Warbler
(P. Provincialis), ii., 249.

_FAMILY XXIII._--THE TREE WARBLERS (PHYLLOSCOPI), ii., 252.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Tree Warblers (Phyllopneuste), ii., 252; the
Field Tree Warbler, or Willow Wren (P. Trochilus),
ii., 252.
" " 2.--The Leaf Wrens (Reguloides), ii., 254; the Leaf
Wren (R. Proregulus), ii., 254.
" " 3.--The Garden Warblers (Hypolais), ii., 254; the
Melodious Willow Wren (H. hortensis, or H. salicari),
ii., 254; the Chiff-Chaff (H. or Sylvia rufa), ii.,
255; the Ashy Garden Warbler (H. cinerescens),
ii., 256.

_FAMILY XXIV._--THE MARSH WARBLERS (CALAMODYTÆ), ii., 257.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Reed Warblers (Acrocephalus), ii., 258; the
True Reed Warbler (A. turdoides), ii., 258.
" " 2.--The Sedge Warblers (Calamodus), ii., 259; the
Sedge Warbler (C. phragmitis), ii., 259.
" " 3--The Grasshopper Warblers (Locustella), ii., 261;
the Grasshopper Warbler (L. certhiola), ii., 261.

_FAMILY XXV._--THE BUSH WARBLERS (DRYMOICÆ), ii., 262.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Bush Warblers (Cisticola), ii., 262; the
Pinc-Pinc (C. schœnicola), ii., 263.
" " 2.--The Tailor Birds (Orthotomus), ii., 264; the
Tailor Bird (O. longicauda), ii., 265.
" " 3.--The Emu Wrens (Stipiturus), ii., 266; the Emu
Wren (S. malachurus), ii., 266.

_FAMILY XXVI._--THE WRENS (TROGLODYTÆ), ii., 269.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Wrens Proper (Troglodytes), ii., 270; the
Common Wren (T. parvulus), ii., 270.
" " 2.--The Marsh Wrens (Thryothorus), ii., 271; the Carolina
Wren (T. Ludovicianus), ii., 272; the House Wren
(T. platensis), ii., 273.
" " 3.--The Flute Players (Cyphorhinus), ii., 273; the Flute
Players (C. cantans), ii., 273.

_FAMILY XXVII._--THE PIPITS (ANTHI), ii., 274.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Pipits (Anthus), ii., 274; the Meadow Pipit
(A. pratensis), ii., 274; the Tree Pipit (A. arboreus),
ii., 275; the Rock Pipit (A. petrosus), ii., 278.
" " 2.--The Field Pipits (Agrodroma), ii., 279; the Stone or
Fallow-land Pipit (A. campestris), ii., 279.
" " 3.--The Spurred Pipits (Corydalla), ii., 281; Richard's
Spurred Pipit (C. Richardii), ii., 282.

_FAMILY XXVIII._--THE WAGTAILS (MOTACILLÆ), ii., 282.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Wagtails (Motacilla), ii., 282; the White
Wagtail (M. alba), ii., 283; the Pied Wagtail (M.
Yarrellii), ii., 285; the Dhobin (M. Dukhunensis),
ii., 286; the Rock Wagtail (M. Lichtensteinii),
ii., 286.
" " 2.--The Mountain Wagtails (Calobates), ii., 287; the
Mountain Wagtail (C. sulphurea), ii., 287.
" " 3.--The Sheep Wagtails (Budytes), ii., 288; the Cow or
Meadow Wagtail (B. flavus), ii., 289; Ray's Wagtail
(B. Rayii), ii., 289; the Velvet-headed or Sheep
Wagtail (B. melanocephalus), ii., 290; the
Yellow-headed Wagtail (B. citreolus), ii., 291.
" " 4.--The Wood Wagtails (Nemoricola), ii., 291; the
Gomarita, or Garden Wagtail (N. Indica), ii., 291.
" " 5.--The Swallow Wagtails (Enicurus), ii., 192; the
Meninting (E. coronatus), ii., 292.

_FAMILY XXIX._--THE ACCENTORS (ACCENTORES), ii., 292.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Hedge Sparrows, or Hedge Warblers (Tharraleus),
ii., 294; the Hedge Warbler (T. modularis), ii., 294;
the Siberian Accentor (T. montanellus), ii., 295.
" " 2.--The Lark Accentors (Accentor), ii., 295; the Alpine
Accentor (A. Alpinus), ii., 295.

_FAMILY XXX._--THE TITS (PARI), ii., 296.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Crested Wrens, or Kinglets (Regulus), ii., 297;
the Golden-crested Wren (R. auricapillus), ii., 298;
the Dalmatian Wren (R. modestus), ii., 298; the
Fire-crested Wren (R. ignicapillus), ii., 299; the
Satrap Crowned Wren (R. satrapa), ii., 299; the
Ruby-crowned Wren (R. calendulus), ii., 301.
" " 2.--The Penduline Titmice (Ægithalus), ii., 302; the
Penduline Titmouse (Æ. pendulinus), ii., 302.
" " 3.--The Reed Titmice (Panurus), ii., 303; the Bearded
Titmouse (P. biarmicus), ii., 303.
" " 4.--The Long-tailed Titmice (Orites), ii., 306; the
Long-tailed Titmouse (O. caudatus), ii., 306.
" " 5.--The Crested Titmice (Lophophanes), ii., 307; the
Crested Tit (L. cristatus), ii., 307; the Toupet Tit
(L. bicolor), ii., 309.
" " 6.--The Wood Tits (Parus), ii., 309; the Great Tit (Parus
major), ii., 309; the Sombre Tit (P. lugubris), ii.,
311; the Cole Tit (P. ater), ii., 311; the Blue Tit
(P. cœruleus), ii., 314; the Azure Tit (P. cyaneus),
ii., 316; the Siberian Tit (P. Sibericus), ii., 316;
the Marsh Tit (P. palustris), ii., 317; the Carolina
Titmouse (P. Carolinensis), ii., 318; the Black-capped
Titmouse (P. atricapillus), ii., 318.

_ORDER III._

SEARCHERS (INVESTIGATORES).

* * * * *

_SUB-ORDER VII._

THE CLIMBERS (SCANSORES).

_FAMILY I._--THE FLOWER BIRDS (CERTHIOLÆ), iii., 2.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Blue Flower Birds (Cæreba), iii., 2; the Sai,
or Blue Cæreba (C. cyanea), iii., 3.
" " 2.--The Pitpits (Certhiola), iii., 4; the Banana Quit,
or Black and Yellow Creeper (C. flaveola), iii., 4.

_FAMILY II._--THE HONEYSUCKERS (NECTARINIÆ), iii., 5.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Honeysuckers (Hedydipna), iii., 6; the Abu-Risch
(H. metallica), iii., 6.
" " 2.--The Fire Honeysuckers (Æthopyga), iii., 6; the Cadet
(Æ. miles), iii., 6.
" " 3.--The Bent-beaks (Cyrtostomus), iii., 7; the Australian
Blossom Rifler (C. Australis), iii., 7.

_FAMILY III._--THE SPIDER-EATERS (ARACHNOTHERÆ), iii., 7.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Half-bills (Hemignathus), iii., 8; the Brilliant
Half-bill (H. lucidus), iii., 8.
" " 2.--The Hanging Birds (Arachnocestra), iii., 8; the True
Hanging Bird (A. longirostris), iii., 8.

_FAMILY IV._--THE HONEY-EATERS (MELIPHAGÆ), iii., 9.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Honey-eaters (Myzomela), iii., 10; the
Red-headed Honey-eater (M. erythrocephala), iii., 10.
" " 2.--The Tufted Honey-eaters (Ptilotis), iii., 10; the
Yellow-throated Tufted Honey-eater (P. flavigula),
iii., 10.
" " 3.--The Brush Wattle Birds (Melichæra), iii., 11; the
True Brush Wattle Bird (M. mellivora), iii., 11; the
Poe, or Tui (M. or Prosthemadera circinata), iii., 12.
" " 4.--The Friar Birds (Tropidorhynchus), iii., 12; the
Leather-head (T. corniculatus), iii., 12.

_FAMILY V._--THE HOOPOES (UPUPÆ), iii., 14.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Hoopoes Proper (Upupa), iii., 14; the Common
Hoopoe (U. epops), iii., 14.
" " 2.--The Tree Hoopoes (Irrisor), iii., 15; the Red-beaked
Tree Hoopoe (I. erythrorhynchus), iii., 15.

_FAMILY VI._--THE TREE-CLIMBERS (ANABATÆ), iii., 15.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Bundle-nests (Phacellodomus), iii., 16; the
Red-fronted Bundle-nest (P. rufifrons), iii., 17.

_FAMILY VII._--THE OVEN BIRDS (FURNARII), iii., 18.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Oven Birds (Furnarius), iii., 18; the Red Oven
Bird (F. rufus), iii., 18.
" " 2.--The Ground Woodpeckers (Geositta), iii., 19; the
Burrowing Ground Woodpecker (G. cunicularia),
iii., 19.
" " 3.--The Stair-beaks (Xenops), iii., 19; the Hairy-checked
Stair-beak (N. genibarbis), iii., 20.

_FAMILY VIII._--THE NUT-HATCHES (SITTÆ), iii., 20.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Nut-hatches (Sitta), iii., 20; the Common
Nuthatch (S. cæsia), iii., 21; the Syrian Nuthatch
(S. Syriaca), iii., 22.
" " 2.--The Creepers (Sitella), iii., 22; the Bonneted
Creeper (S. pileata), iii., 22.

_FAMILY IX._--THE WALL CREEPERS (TICHODROMÆ), iii., 23.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Wall Creepers (Tichodroma), iii., 23; the Alpine
or Red-winged Wall Creeper (T. muraria), iii., 23.

_FAMILY X._--THE TREE CREEPERS (SCANDENTES), iii., 24.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Tree Creepers (Certhia), iii., 23; the Common
Tree Creeper (C. familiaris), iii., 25.
" " 2.--The Sabre Bills (Xiphorhynchus), iii., 26; the Sabre
Bill (X. trochilorostris), iii., 26.
" " 3.--The Tree Choppers (Dendroplex), iii., 26; the
Woodpecker Tree Chopper (D. picus), iii., 26.

_FAMILY XI._--THE WOODPECKERS (PICIDÆ), ii., 26.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Black Woodpeckers (Dryocopus), iii., 27;
the European Black Woodpecker (D. martius), iii., 27.
" " 2.--The Giant Woodpeckers (Campephilus), iii., 28; the
Imperial Woodpecker (C. imperialis), iii., 30; the
Ivory-billed Woodpecker (C. principalis), iii., 30.

_FAMILY XII._--THE BLACK WOODPECKERS (MELANERPES), iii., 34.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Black Woodpeckers (Melanerpes), iii., 34; the
Red-headed Black Woodpecker (M. erythrocephalus),
iii., 34; the Ant-eating Black Woodpecker
(M. formicivorus), iii., 36.

_FAMILY XIII._--THE VARIEGATED WOODPECKERS (PICI), iii., 36.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Variegated Woodpeckers (Picus), iii., 36; the
Great Spotted Woodpecker (P. major), iii., 36.
" " 2.--The Harlequin Woodpeckers (Piculus), iii., 37; the
Harlequin Woodpecker (P. minor), iii., 37.
" " 3.--The Three-toed Woodpeckers (Apternus), iii., 38; the
Three-toed Woodpecker (A. tridactylus), iii., 38.

_FAMILY XIV._--THE GREEN WOODPECKERS (GECINI), iii., 39.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Green Woodpeckers (Gecinus), iii., 39; the Green
Woodpecker (G. viridis), iii., 39.

_FAMILY XV._--THE CUCKOO WOODPECKERS (COLAPTES), iii., 41.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Golden Cuckoo Woodpeckers (Colaptes), iii., 41;
the Golden-winged Woodpecker (C. auratus), iii., 41;
the Red-shafted or Copper Woodpecker (C. Mexicanus),
iii., 42.
" " 2.--The Field Cuckoo Woodpeckers (Geocolaptes), iii., 43;
the Field Woodpecker (G. campestris), iii., 43.

_FAMILY XVI._--THE SOFT-TAILED WOODPECKERS (PICUMNI), iii, 43.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Dwarf Woodpeckers (Picumnus), iii., 43; the
Dwarf Woodpecker (P. minutus), iii., 43.

_FAMILY XVII._--THE WRYNECKS (YUNGES), iii., 43.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Wrynecks (Yunx), iii., 43; the Wryneck (Yunx
torquilla), iii., 43.

* * * * *

_SUB-ORDER VIII._

HUMMING BIRDS (STRIDORES).

_FAMILY I._--THE GIANT GNOMES (EUSTEPHANI), iii., 47.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Giant Humming Birds (Patagona), iii., 47; the
Giant Humming Bird (P. gigas), iii., 47.
" " 2.--The Sword-bill Humming Birds (Docimastes), iii., 49;
the Sword-bill Humming Bird (D. ensifer), iii., 49.

_FAMILY II._--THE GNOMES (POLYTMI), iii., 50.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Saw-billed Humming Birds (Grypus), iii., 50; the
Saw-bill (G. nævius), iii., 50.
" " 2.--The Sickle-billed Humming Birds (Eutoxeres), iii., 51;
the Sickle-billed Humming Bird (E. aquila), iii., 51.

_FAMILY III._--THE SUN BIRDS (PHAËTORNITHES), iii., 51.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Hermits (Phaëtornis), iii., 51; the Cayenne Hermit
(P. superciliosus), iii., 51.

_FAMILY IV._--THE MOUNTAIN NYMPHS (OREOTROCHILI), iii., 52.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Hill-stars (Oreotrochilus), iii., 52; the
Chimborazian Hill-star (O. Chimborazo), iii., 52.
" " 2.--The Sabre-wings (Campylopterus), iii., 54; De
Lattrei's Sabre-wing (C. de Lattrei), iii., 54.
" " 3.--The Crooked Sabre-wings (Platystylopterus), iii., 55;
the Fawn-coloured Sabre-wing (P. rufus), iii., 55.

_FAMILY V._--THE JEWEL HUMMING BIRDS (HYPOPHANIÆ), iii., 55.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Topaz Humming Birds (Topaza), iii., 55; the
Crimson Topaz Humming Bird (T. pella), iii., 55.
" " 2.--The Capped Humming Birds (Aithurus), iii., 56;
the Black-capped Humming Bird (A. polytmus), iii., 56.

_FAMILY VI._--THE WOOD-NYMPHS (LAMPORNITHES), iii., 58.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Mango Humming Birds (Lampornis), iii., 58; the
Mango Humming Bird (L. Mango), iii., 58.
" " 2.--The Wood-nymphs (Chrysolampis); the Ruby and Topaz
Wood-nymph (C. moschita), iii., 59.

_FAMILY VII._--THE FLOWER-NYMPHS (FLORISUGA), iii., 60.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Flower-kissers (Heliothrix), iii., 60; the
Brazilian Fairy (H. auriculata), iii., 60.
" " 2.--The Flower-suckers (Florisuga), iii., 60; the
Pied Jacobin (F. atra), iii., 60.

_FAMILY VIII._--THE FAIRIE (TROCHILI), iii., 60.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Fairy Humming Birds (Trochilus), iii., 60; the
Ruby-throated Fairy Humming Bird (T. colubris),
iii., 61.
" " 2.--The Amethyst Humming Birds (Calliphlox), iii., 64;
the Amethyst Humming Bird (C. amethystina), iii., 60.
" " 3.--The Wood-stars (Calothorax), iii., 65; Mulsant's
Wood-star (C. Mulsantii), iii., 65.

_FAMILY IX._--THE ELVES (LOPHORNITHES), iii., 66.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Plover-crests (Cephalolepis), iii., 66; De
Laland's Plover-crest (C. Delalandii), iii., 66.
" " 2.--The Coquettes (Lophornis), iii., 66; The Splendid
Coquette (L. ornata), iii., 66.
" " 3.--The Amazons (Bellatrix), iii., 67; the Royal Amazon
(B. regina), iii., 68.
" " 4.--The Sun-gems (Heliactinus), iii., 68; the Horned
Sun-gem (H. cornutus), iii., 68.

_FAMILY X._--THE SYLPHS (LESBIÆ), iii., 69.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Racket-tailed Sylphs (Steganurus), iii., 70; the
White-footed Racket-tail (S. Underwoodii), iii., 70.
" " 2.--The Comets (Sparganura), iii., 71; the Sappho Comet
(S. Sappho), iii., 71.

_FAMILY XI._--THE MASKED HUMMING BIRDS (MICRORHAMPHI), iii., 74.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Masked Humming Birds (Microrhamphus), iii., 74;
the Sharp-bearded Masked Humming Bird (M. oxypogon),
iii., 74.
" " 2.--The Helmet Crests (Oxypogon), iii., 75; Linden's
Helmet Crest (O. Lindenii), iii., 75.

* * * * *

_SUB-ORDER IX._

THE LIGHT-BEAKS (LEVIROSTRES).

_FAMILY I._--THE BEE-EATERS (MEROPES), iii., 75.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Bee-eaters (Merops), iii., 75; the Common
Bee-eater (M. apiaster), iii., 76.
" " 2.--The Bee-wolves (Melittotheres), iii., 77; the
Bee-wolf (M. nubicus), iii., 77.
" " 3.--The Bridled Bee-eaters (Coccolarynx), iii., 78;
the Bridled Bee-eater (C. frenatus), iii., 78.
" " 4.--The Swallow Bee-eaters (Melittophagus), iii., 78;
the Swallow Bee-eater (M. hirundinaceus), iii., 78.
" " 5.--The Australian Bee-eaters (Cosmaërops), iii., 78; the
Australian Bee-eater (C. ornatus), iii., 78.
" " 6.--The Nocturnal Bee-eaters (Nyctiornis), iii., 79; the
Sangrok (N. Athertonii), iii., 79.

_FAMILY II._--THE ROLLERS (CORACII), iii., 79.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Blue Rollers (Coracias), iii., 80; the Blue
Roller (C. garrulus), iii., 80.
" " 2.--The Dollar Birds (Eurystomus), iii., 82; the
Australian Dollar Bird (E. Australis), iii., 82;
the Oriental Dollar Bird (E. Orientalis), iii., 83.

_FAMILY III._--THE SAW-BILL ROLLERS (PRIONITES), iii., 83.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Mot-mots (Prionites), iii., 83; the Mot-mot
(P. momota), iii., 83.

_FAMILY IV._--THE BROAD-THROATS (EURYLAIMI), iii., 84.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Trowel-beaks (Corydon), iii., 84; the Sumatran
Trowel-beak (C. Sumatranus), iii., 84.
" " 2.--The True Broad-throats (Eurylaimus), iii., 85; the
Java Broad-throat (E. Javanicus), iii., 85.
" " 3.--The Rayas (Psarisomus), iii., 86; the Raya
(P. Dalhousiæ), iii., 86.

_FAMILY V._--THE FLAT-BILLS (TODI), iii., 86.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Flat-bills (Todus), iii., 86; the Green Tody
(T. viridis), iii., 86.

_FAMILY VI._--THE KINGFISHERS (ALCEDINES), iii., 87.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Kingfishers (Alcedo), iii., 88; the European
Kingfisher (A. ispida), iii., 88.
" " 2.--The Purple Kingfishers (Ceyx), iii., 89; the Purple
Kingfisher (C. tridactyla), iii., 90.
" " 3.--The Grey Kingfishers (Ceryle), iii., 90; the Grey
Kingfisher (C. rudis), iii., 90.

_FAMILY VII._--THE ALCYONS (HALCYONES), iii., 91.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Tree Alcyons (Halcyon), iii., 91; the Red-breasted
Tree Alcyon (H. rufiventris), iii., 91.
" " 2.--The Wood Alcyons (Todirhamphus), iii., 91; the
Yellow-headed Wood Alcyon (T. chlorocephalus), iii.,
93.
" " 3.--The Blue Alcyons (Cyanalcyon), iii., 94; the Blue
Alcyon (C. Macleayii), iii., 94.
" " 4.--The Giant Alcyons (Paralcyon, or Dacelo), iii., 94;
the Laughing Jackass (P. gigas, or D. gigantea),
iii., 94.
" " 5.--The Paradise Alcyons (Tanysiptera), iii., 95; the
Paradise Alcyon (T. sylvia), iii., 95.
" " 6.--The Saw-beaked Alcyons (Syma), iii., 95; the Poditti
(S. flavirostris), iii., 96.

_FAMILY VIII._--THE JACAMARS (GALBULÆ), iii., 96.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Jacamars (Galbula), iii., 96; the Green Jacamar
(G. viridis), iii., 96.

_FAMILY IX._--THE BUCCOS (BUCCONES), iii., 96.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Sleepers (Nystalus), iii., 97; the Tschakuru
(N. Chacaru), iii., 97.
" " 2.--The Trappists (Monasta), iii., 98; the Dusky Trappist
(M. fusca), iii., 98.
" " 3.--The Dreamers (Chelidoptera), iii., 98;
the Dark Dreamers (C. tenebrosa), iii., 98.

_FAMILY X._--THE TOURACOS, OR TROGONS (TROGONES), iii., 99.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Fire Touracos (Harpaëtes), iii., 100; the Karna,
or Malabar Trogon (H. fasciatus), iii., 100.
" " 2.--The Flower Touracos (Hapaloderma), iii., 100; the
Narina (H. narina), iii., 100.
" " 3.--The Trogons Proper (Trogon), iii., 101; the Surukua,
or Touraco (T. Surukua), iii., 101; the Pompeo
(T. viridis), iii., 102.
" " 4.--The Tocoloros (Prionotelus), iii., 102; the Tocoloro
(P. temnurus), iii., 102.
" " 5.--The Beautiful-tailed Trogons (Calurus), iii., 103;
the Peacock Trogon (C. pavoninus, or Trogon calurus),
iii., 103; the Beautiful Trogon (C. Antisianus),
iii., 103; the Quesal, or Resplendent Trogon (C.
resplendens or paradiseus), iii., 103.

_FAMILY XI._--THE HONEY GUIDES (CUCULIDÆ), iii., 105.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Honey Guides (Indicator), iii., 105; the
White-beaked Honey Guide (I. albirostris), iii., 105.

_FAMILY XII._--THE CUCKOOS (CUCULI), iii., 106.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Cuckoos Proper (Cuculus), iii., 106;
the Common Cuckoo (C. canorus), iii., 106.
" " 2.--The Jay Cuckoos (Coccystes), iii., 110;
the Jay Cuckoo (C. glandarius), iii., 110.
" " 3.--The Koels (Eudynamys), iii., 110;
the Koel (E. orientalis), iii., 111.
" " 4.--The Golden Cuckoos (Chrysococcyx), iii., 111;
the Didrik, or Golden Cuckoo (C. auratus), iii., 112.
" " 5.--The Giant Cuckoos (Scythrops), iii., 113;
the Giant Cuckoo, or Channel Bill
(S. Novæ-Hollandiæ), iii., 113.

_FAMILY XIII._--THE BUSH CUCKOOS (PHŒNICOPHÆÏ), iii., 114.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Bush Cuckoos (Zanclostomus), iii., 14;
the Kokil, or Large Green-billed Malkoha
(Z. tristis), iii., 114.

_FAMILY XIV._--THE RAIN CUCKOOS (COCCYGI), iii., 114.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Rain Cuckoos (Coccygus), iii., 115;
the Rain or Yellow-billed Cuckoo (C. Americanus),
iii., 115.
" " 2.--The Lizard Rain Cuckoos (Saurothera), iii., 117;
the Rain Bird (S. vetula), iii., 117.
" " 3.--The Long-tailed Cuckoos (Pyrrhococcyx), iii., 118;
the Long-tailed Cuckoo (P. Cayanus), iii., 118.

_FAMILY XV._--THE TICK-EATERS (CROTOPHAGÆ), iii., 118.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Tick-eaters (Crotophagæ), iii., 118;
the Coroya (C. major), iii., 119;
the Ani, or Savanna Blackbird (C. ani), iii., 119;
the Wrinkled-beaked Tick-eater (C. rugirostris),
iii., 121.

_FAMILY XVI._--THE SPURRED CUCKOOS (CENTROPODES), iii., 122.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Spurred Cuckoos (Centropus), iii., 122;
the Egyptian Coucal (C. Ægyptiacus), iii., 122.
" " 2.--The Crow Pheasants (Centrococcyx), iii., 122;
the Hedge Crow (C. viridis), iii., 123.
" " 3.--The Pheasant Coucals (Polophilus), iii., 123;
the Pheasant Coucal (P. phasianus), iii., 123.

_FAMILY XVII._--THE BARBETS (CAPITONES), iii., 124.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Ornamented Barbets (Trachyphonus), iii., 125;
the Pearl Bird (T. margaritatus), iii., 125.
" " 2.--The Golden Barbets (Xantholæma), iii., 126;
the Golden Barbet (X. Indica), iii., 126.
" " 3.--The Toucan Barbets (Tetragonops), iii., 127;
the Toucan Barbet (T. rhamphastinus), iii., 127.

_FAMILY XVIII._--THE TOUCANS (RAMPHASTI), iii., 127.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Arassaris (Pteroglossus), iii., 128;
the Arassari (P. aracari), iii., 129.
" " 2.--The Toucans Proper (Ramphastus), iii., 130;
the Toco Toucan (R. toco), iii., 130;
the Kirima, or Red-beaked Toucan (R. erythrorhynchus),
iii., 131;
the Tukana (R. Temminckii), iii., 132.

_FAMILY XIX._--THE HORNBILLS (BUCEROTES), iii., 132.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Smooth-beaked Hornbills (Rhynchaceros), iii., 134;
the Tok (R. erythrorhynchus), iii., 134.
" " 2.--The Two-horned Hornbills (Dichoceros), iii., 135;
the Homray (D. bicornis), iii., 135.
" " 3.--The Wrinkled Hornbills (Rhyticeros), iii., 137;
the Djolan, or Year Bird (R. plicatus), iii., 137.
" " 4.--The Horned Ravens (Bucorax), iii., 138;
the Abbagamba (B. Abyssinicus), iii., 138.

_ORDER IV._

GALLINACEOUS BIRDS (GALLINÆ).

* * * * *

_SUB-ORDER X._

PIGEONS (GYRATORES).

_FAMILY I._--THE FRUIT PIGEONS (TRERONES), iii., 142.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Parrot Pigeons (Phalacroteron), iii., 142;
the Parrot Pigeon (P. Abyssinica), iii., 142.

_FAMILY II._--THE DOVES (COLUMBÆ), iii., 143.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Ring-doves (Palumbus), iii., 143;
the Ring-dove (P. torquatus), iii., 143.
" " 2.--The Doves Proper (Columba), iii., 146;
the Stock Dove (C. œnas), iii., 146;
the Rock Dove (C. livia), iii., 147.

_FAMILY III._--THE CUCKOO PIGEONS (MACROPYGIÆ), iii., 148.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Passenger Pigeons (Ectopistes), iii., 148;
the Passenger Pigeon (E. migratorius), iii., 148.

_FAMILY IV._--THE TURTLE DOVES (TURTURES), iii., 154.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Turtle Doves Proper (Turtur), iii., 154;
The Turtle Dove (T. auritus), iii., 155.
" " 2.--The Indian Ring-doves (Streptopeleia), iii., 155;
the Indian Ring-dove (S. risoria), iii., 155.
" " 3.--The Dwarf Pigeons (Chalcopeleia), iii., 157;
the Dwarf Pigeon (C. Afra), iii., 157.

_FAMILY V._--THE AMERICAN GROUND PIGEONS (ZENAIDÆ), iii., 158.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Singing Doves (Melopeleia), iii., 158;
the Kukuli (M. meloda), iii., 158.
" " 2.--The Sparrow Pigeons (Pyrgitænas), iii., 159;
the Sparrow Pigeon (P. passerina), iii., 159.
" " 3.--The Sparrow-hawk Pigeons (Geopeleia), iii., 160;
the Striped Sparrow-hawk Pigeon (G. striata), iii.,
160.
" " 4.--The Wedge-tailed Pigeons (Stictopeleia), iii., 161;
the Wedge-tailed Turtle Dove (S. cuneata), iii., 161.

_FAMILY VI._--THE RUNNING PIGEONS (GEOTRYGONES), iii., 162.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Partridge Doves (Starnœnas), iii., 162;
the Partridge Dove (S. cyanocephala), iii., 162.

_FAMILY VII._--THE BRONZE-WINGED PIGEONS (PHAPES), iii., 163.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Crested Bronze-winged Pigeons (Ocyphaps), iii.,
163;
the Crested Bronze-wing (O. lophotes), iii., 163.
" " 2.--The True Bronze-winged Pigeons (Phaps), iii., 164;
the Common Bronze-wing (P. chalcoptera), iii., 164.
" " 3.--The Quail Pigeons (Geophaps), iii., 166;
the Partridge Bronze-wing (G. scripta), iii., 166.
" " 4.--The White-fleshed Pigeons (Leucosarcia), iii., 167;
the Wonga-Wonga Pigeon (L. picata), iii., 167.

_FAMILY VIII._--THE HACKLED PIGEONS (CALLŒNAS), iii., 167.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Hackled Pigeons (Callœnas), iii., 167;
the Hackled Ground Pigeon (C. Nicobarica), iii., 167.

_FAMILY IX._--THE CROWNED PIGEONS (GOURÆ), iii., 168.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Crowned Pigeons (Goura), iii., 168;
the Crowned Pigeon (G. coronata), iii., 169;
the Victoria Crowned Pigeon (G. Victoriæ), iii., 170.

_FAMILY X._--THE TOOTHED PIGEONS (DIDUNCULUS), iii., 170.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Toothed Pigeons (Didunculus), iii., 170;
the Toothed Pigeon (D. strigirostris), iii., 170.

* * * * *

_SUB-ORDER XI._

THE TRUE GALLINACEOUS BIRDS (RASORES).

_FAMILY I._--THE SAND GROUSE (PTEROCLÆ), iii., 173.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Sand Grouse (Pterocles), iii., 173;
the Ganga (P. arenarius), iii., 174;
the Large Pin-tailed Grouse, or Khata (P. alchata),
iii., 175;
the Common Sand Grouse (P. exustus), iii., 176;
the Striped Sand Grouse (P. Lichtensteinii), iii.,
178.
" " 2.--Pallas's Sand Grouse (Syrrhaptes), iii., 178;
Pallas's Sand Grouse (S. paradoxus), iii., 178.

_FAMILY II._--THE GROUSE (TETRAONES), iii., 179.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Grouse Proper (Tetrao), iii., 179;
the Capercali (T. urogallus), iii., 181.
" " 2.--The Heath Cocks (Lyrurus), iii., 183;
the Black Cock (L. tetrix), iii., 185.
" " 3.--The Hazel Grouse (Bonasia), iii., 190;
the Hazel Grouse (B. sylvestris), iii., 190.
" " 4.--The Pinnated Grouse (Cupidonia), iii., 191;
the Prairie Hen (C. Americana), iii., 191.
" " 5.--The Ptarmigans (Lagopus), iii., 195;
the Willow Ptarmigan (L. albus), iii., 196;
the Alpine or Grey Ptarmigan (L. Alpinus), iii., 198;
the Red Grouse (L. Scoticus), iii., 200.

_FAMILY III._--THE PARTRIDGES (PERDICES), iii., 202.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Snow Partridges (Tetraogallus), iii., 203;
the Caspian Snow Partridge (T. Caspius), iii., 203;
the Himalayan Snow Cock (T. Himalayensis), iii., 203.
" " 2.--The Red-legged Partridges (Caccabis), iii., 206;
the Greek Partridge (C. Græca or saxatilis), iii.,
206;
the Chuckore (C. Chukor), iii., 207;
the Red-legged Partridge (C. rubra), iii., 208;
the Barbary Partridge (C. petrosa), iii., 209.
" " 3.--The True Partridges (Perdix), iii., 210;
the Common Partridge (P. cinerea), iii., 210.
" " 4.--The Francolins (Francolinus), iii., 212;
the Black Partridge (F. vulgaris), iii., 212.
" " 5.--The Bare-necked Pheasants (Pternistes), iii., 213;
the Red-necked Pheasant (P. rubricollis), iii., 213.

_FAMILY IV._--THE AMERICAN PARTRIDGES (ODONTOPHORI), iii., 214.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Tree Partridges (Odontophorus), iii., 214;
the Capueira. (O. dentatus), iii., 214.
" " 2.--The Tree Quails (Ortyx), iii., 216;
the Virginian Partridge (O. Virginianus), iii., 216.
" " 3.--The Tufted American Partridges (Lophortyx), iii., 219;
the Californian Partridge (L. Californianus), iii.,
219;
Gambel's Partridge (L. Gambelii), iii., 220.

_FAMILY V._--THE QUAILS (COTURNICES), iii. 222.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Quails (Coturnix), iii., 222;
the Common Quail (C. communis), iii., 222.
" " 2.--The Dwarf Quails (Excalfactoria), iii., 224;
the Chinese Quail (E. Chinensis), iii., 224.

_FAMILY VI._--THE BUSH QUAILS (TURNICES), iii., 225.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Bush Quails (Turnix), iii., 225;
the Black-breasted Bush Quail (T. pugnax), iii., 226;
the African Bush Quail (T. Africanus), iii., 227.
" " 2.--The Plain Wanderers (Pedionomus), iii., 227;
the Collared Plain Wanderer (P. torquatus), iii., 227.

_FAMILY VII._--THE TUFTED PHEASANTS (PHASIANIDÆ), iii., 228.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Tufted Pheasants (Lophophorus), iii., 228;
the Monaul, or Impeyan Pheasant (L. resplendens),
iii., 229;
Lhuys' Pheasant (L. Lhuysii), iii., 232.
" " 2.--The Horned Pheasants, or Tragopans (Ceriornis), iii.,
232;
the Sikkim Horned Pheasant (C. Satyra), iii., 232;
the Jewar, or Western Horned Pheasant
(C. melanocephala), iii., 233.

_FAMILY VIII._--THE JUNGLE FOWLS (GALLI), iii., 235.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Jungle Fowls (Gallus), iii., 235;
the Kasintu, or Red Jungle Fowl (G. Bankiva), iii.,
235;
the Ceylon Jungle Fowl (G. Stanleyii), iii., 236;
the Javanese Jungle Fowl (G. furcatus), iii., 236;
the Sonnerat Jungle Fowl (G. Sonnerati), iii., 237.

_FAMILY IX._--THE PHEASANTS (PHASIANI), iii., 237.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Macartney Pheasants (Euplocamus), iii., 238;
the Siamese Fireback (E. prælatus), iii., 238;
the Sikkim Kaleege, or Black Pheasant (E. or
Gallophasis melanotus), iii., 238;
the Kelitsch, or White-crested Kaleege Pheasant
(E. or Gallophasis albocristatus), iii., 239.
" " 2.--The Silver Pheasants (Nycthemerus), iii., 240;
the Silver Pheasant (N. argentatus), iii., 240.
" " 3.--The Pheasants Proper (Phasianus), iii., 242;
the Common Pheasant (P. colchicus), iii., 242;
the Chinese Ring-necked Pheasant (P. torquatus),
iii., 243;
the Japanese Pheasant (P. versicolor), iii., 244;
Sœmmering's Pheasant (P. Sœmmeringii), iii., 245;
Reeves's Pheasant (P. Reevesii), iii., 246.
" " 4.--The Golden Pheasants (Thaumalea), iii., 247;
the Golden Pheasant (T. picta), iii., 247;
Lady Amherst's Pheasant (T. Amherstiæ), iii., 248.
" " 5.--The Eared Pheasants (Crossoptilon), iii., 250;
the Chinese Eared Pheasant (C. auritum), iii., 250.
" " 6.--The Argus Pheasants (Argus), iii., 250;
the Argus Pheasant (A. giganteus), iii., 250.
" " 7.--The Peacock Pheasants (Polyplectron), iii., 251;
the Chinquis, or Assam Peacock Pheasant (P. chinquis),
iii., 251.

_FAMILY X._--THE PEACOCKS (PAVONES), iii., 253.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Peacocks (Pavo), iii., 253;
the Common Peacock (P. cristatus), iii., 254;
the Black-winged Peacock (P. nigripennis), iii., 255;
the Japan Peacock (P. muticus), iii., 255.

_FAMILY XI._--THE GUINEA FOWLS (NUMIDÆ), iii., 256.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Royal Guinea Fowls (Acryllium), iii., 256;
the Vulturine Royal Guinea Fowl (A. vulturinum),
iii., 256.
" " 2.--The Tufted Guinea Fowls (Guttera), iii., 257;
Pucheran's Tufted Guinea Fowl (G. Pucheranii), iii.,
257.
" " 3.--The True Guinea Fowls (Numida), iii., 258;
the Common Guinea Fowl (N. meleagris), iii., 258;
the Mitred Pintado (N. mitrata), iii., 258;
the Tuft-beaked Pintado (N. ptilorhyncha), iii., 259.

_FAMILY XII._--THE TURKEYS (MELEAGRIDES), iii., 259.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Turkeys (Meleagris), iii., 259;
the Puter, or Wild Turkey (M. gallopavo), iii., 259.

_FAMILY XIII._--THE AUSTRALIAN JUNGLE FOWL (TALLEGALLI), iii., 264.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Brush Turkeys (Catheturus), iii., 266;
the Brush Turkey (C. Lathamii), iii., 266.
" " 2.--The Maleos (Megacephalon), iii., 268;
the Maleo (M. Maleo), iii., 268.
" " 3.--The Leipoas (Leipoa), iii., 270;
the Ocellated Leipoa (L. ocellata), iii., 270.

_FAMILY XIV._--THE MEGAPODES (MEGAPODII), iii., 273.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Megapodes (Megapodius), iii., 273;
the Australian Megapode (M. tumulus), iii., 273.

_FAMILY XV._--THE CURASSOWS (CRACIDÆ), iii., 275.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Curassows, or Hoccos (Craces), iii., 276;
the Common or Crested Curassow (Crax alector), iii.,
276;
the Wattled Curassow (C. carunculata), iii., 278;
the Red Curassow (C. rubra), iii., 278;
the Galeated Curassow (C. pauxi), iii., 278.
" " 2.--The Mountain Curassows (Oreophasis), iii., 278;
the Mountain Curassow (O. Derbyanus), iii., 278.

_FAMILY XVI._--THE GUANS (PENELOPÆ), iii., 279.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Guans (Penelope), iii., 279;
the Supercilious Guan (P. superciliaris), iii., 280;
the Pigmy, or Piping Guan (P. or Pipile leucolophus),
iii., 280;
the Aracuan (P. or Ortalida Aracuan), iii., 280.
" " 2.--The Crested Guans (Opisthocomus), iii., 281;
the Hoactzin, or Stink Bird (O. cristatus), iii., 281.

_FAMILY XVII._--THE TINAMOUS (CRYPTURIDÆ), iii., 282.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Tinamous Proper (Crypturus), iii., 282;
the Tataupa (C. Tataupa), iii., 283.
" " 2.--The Inambus (Rhynchotus), iii., 285;
the Inambu (R. rufescens), iii., 285.
" " 3.--The American Quails (Nothura), iii., 285;
the Lesser American Quail (N. nana), iii., 285.
" " 4.--The Macucas (Trachypelmus), iii., 285;
the Macuca (T. Brasiliensis), iii., 285.

* * * * *

_SUB-ORDER XII._

SHORT-WINGED CURSORIAL BIRDS (BREVIPENNES).

_FAMILY I._--THE OSTRICHES (STRUTHIONES), iii., 287.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Ostriches (Struthio), iii., 287;
the African Ostrich (S. Camelus), iii., 287.
" " 2.--The Nandus (Rhea), iii., 291;
the Nandu, or American Ostrich (R. Americana), iii.,
291;
the Long-billed Nandu (R. macrorhynchus), iii., 299;
the Dwarf Nandu (R. Darwinii), iii., 299.
" " 3.--The Emus (Dromæus), iii., 301;
the Emu (D. Novæ:-Hollandiæ), iii., 301;
the Spotted Emu (D. irroratus), iii., 301.

_FAMILY II._--THE CASSOWARIES (CASUARII), iii., 302.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Cassowaries (Casuarius), iii., 302;
the Helmeted Cassowary (C. galeatus), iii., 302;
the Mooruk (C. Bennettii), iii., 302;
the Australian Cassowary (C. Australis), iii., 307.

_FAMILY III._--THE KIVIS (APTERYGES), iii., 309.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Kivis (Apteryx), iii., 309;
the Australian Apteryx, or Kivi-Kivi (A. Australis),
iii., 309;
Mantell's Apteryx (A. Mantellii), iii., 310;
Owen's Apteryx (A. Owenii), iii., 311.

* * * * *

_SUB-ORDER XIII._

THE STILT-WALKERS (GRALLATORES).

_FAMILY I._--THE BUSTARDS (OTIDES), iv., 2.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Bustards (Otis) iv., 2;
the Great Bustard (O. tarda), iv., 2.
" " 2.--The Little Bustards (Tetrax), iv., 5;
the Little Bustard (T. campestris), iv., 5.
" " 3.--The Houbaras (Hubara), iv., 6;
the Indian Houbara (H. Macquenii), iv., 6;
the African Ruffled Bustard (H. undulata), iv., 8.
" " 4.--The Florikins (Sypheotides), iv., 8;
the Bengal Florikin (S. Bengalensis), iv., 8.

_FAMILY II._--THE COURSERS (TACHYDROMI), iv., 9.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Desert Coursers (Cursorius), iv., 10;
the Cream-coloured Courser (C. isabellinus), iv., 10.
" " 2.--The Crocodile Watchers (Trochilus), iv., 11;
the Egyptian Crocodile Watcher (T. Ægyptiacus),
iv., 11.

_FAMILY III._--THE PRATINCOLES (TRACHELIÆ), iv., 12.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Pratincoles (Glareola), iv., 12;
the Collared Pratincole (G. pratincola), iv., 13.

_FAMILY IV._--THE THICK-KNEES (ŒDICNEMI), iv., 14.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Thick-knees (Œdicnemus), iv., 14;
the Common Thick-knee (O. crepitans), iv., 14.

_FAMILY V._--THE PLOVERS (CHARADRII), iv., 15.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Golden Plovers (Charadrius), iv., 16;
the Golden Plover (C. auratus), iv., 16;
the Ringed Plover (C. hiaticula), iv., 18.
" " 2.--The Dotted Plovers (Eudromias), iv., 18;
the Dotterel (E. Morinellus), iv., 19.
" " 3.--The Shore Plovers (Ægialites), iv., 20;
the Little Shore Plover (Æ. minor), iv., 20.

_FAMILY VI._--THE LAPWINGS (VANELLI), iv., 21.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Peewits (Vanellus), iv., 21;
the Peewit, or Lapwing (V. cristatus), iv., 22.
" " 2.--The Spur-winged Lapwings (Hoplopterus), iv., 23;
the Spur-winged Lapwing (H. spinosus), iv., 23.
" " 3.--The Lappeted Peewits (Sarciophorus), iv., 24;
the Lappeted Peewit (S. pileatus), iv., 24.

_FAMILY VII._--THE TURNSTONES (STREPSILATES), iv., 24.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Turnstones (Strepsilas), iv., 24;
the Turnstone (S. interpres), iv., 24.

_FAMILY VIII._--THE OYSTER-CATCHERS (HÆMATOPI), iv., 27.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Oyster-catchers (Hæmatopus), iv., 27;
the Pied Oyster-catcher (H. ostralegus), iv., 27.

_FAMILY IX._--THE SNIPES (LIMICOLÆ), iv., 29.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Woodcocks (Scolopax), iv., 30;
the Woodcock (S. rusticola), iv., 30.
" " 2.--The Marsh Snipes (Gallinago), iv., 33;
the Common Snipe (G. Scolopacinus), iv., 34.
" " 3.--The Moor Snipes (Philolimnos), iv., 35;
the Jack Snipe (P. gallinula), iv., 35.

_FAMILY X._--THE SANDPIPERS (TRINGÆ), iv., 35.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Curlew Sandpipers (Limicola), iv., 36;
the Pigmy Curlew Sandpiper (L. pygmæa), iv., 36.
" " 2.--The Sanderlings (Calidris), iv., 36;
the Sanderling (C. arenaria), iv., 36.
" " 3.--The Mud Sandpipers (Pelidna), iv., 38;
the Mud Sandpiper (P. subarquata), iv., 38.
" " 4.--The Dwarf Sandpipers (Actodroma), iv., 38;
the Dwarf Sandpiper (A. minuta), iv., 38.
" " 5.--The Ruffs (Philomachus), iv., 39;
the Ruff (P. pugnax), iv., 39.

_FAMILY XI._--THE PHALAROPES (PHALAROPI), iv., 42.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Hyperborean Phalaropes (Lobipes), iv., 43;
the Hyperborean Phalarope (L. hyperboreus), iv., 43.
" " 2.--The Phalaropes Proper (Phalaropus), iv., 43;
the Red Phalarope (P. rufus), iv., 43.

_FAMILY XII._--THE LONGSHANKS (TOTANI), iv., 44.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Sandpipers (Actitis), iv., 45;
the Common Sandpiper (A. hypoleucos), iv., 45.
" " 2.--The Greenshanks (Glottis), iv., 46;
the Greenshank (G. chloropus), iv., 46.
" " 4.--The Godwits (Limosa), iv., 47;
the Red or Bar-tailed Godwit (L. rufa), iv., 48.
" " 5.--The Stilts (Hypsibates), iv., 49;
the Black-winged Stilt (H. himantopus), iv., 49.

_FAMILY XIII._--THE AVOCETS (RECURVIROSTRÆ), iv., 50.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Avocets (Recurvirostra), iv., 50;
the Scooping Avocet (R. avocetta), iv., 50.

_FAMILY XIV._--THE CURLEWS (_Numenii_), iv., 51.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Curlews (Numenius), iv., 51;
the Great Curlew, or Whaap (N. arquatus), iv., 51.

_FAMILY XV._--THE IBISES (_Ibides_), iv., 54.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Falcinels (Falcinellus), iv., 55;
the Glossy Ibis (F. igneus), iv., 55.
" " 2.--The Scarlet Ibises (Ibis), iv., 56;
the Scarlet Ibis (I. rubra), iv., 56.
" " 3.--The True Ibises (Threskiornis), iv., 56;
the Egyptian or Sacred Ibis (T. religiosa), iv, 56.

_FAMILY XVI._--THE SPOONBILLS (PLATALEÆ), iv., 58.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Spoonbills (Platalea), iv., 58;
the Common Spoonbill (P. leucorodia), iv., 58.

_FAMILY XVII._--THE BOAT-BILLS (CANCROMATA), iv., 59.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Whale-headed Storks (Balæniceps), iv., 59;
the Whale-headed Stork, or Shoe-beak (B. rex),
iv., 59.
" " 2.--The Boat-bills (Cancroma), iv., 62;
the Savaku, or Boat-bill (C. cochlearia), iv., 62.

_FAMILY XVIII._--THE SHADOW BIRDS (SCOPI), iv., 62.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Shadow Birds (Scopus), iv., 62;
the Hammer-head, or Shadow-Bird (S. umbretta),
iv., 62.

_FAMILY XIX._--THE STORKS (CICONIÆ), iv., 63.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Tantali (Tantalus), iv., 65;
the Ibis-like Tantalus (T. ibis), iv., 66.
" " 2.--The True Storks (Ciconia), iv., 67;
the White or House Stork (C. alba), iv., 69.
" " 3.--The Simbils (Sphenorhynchus), iv., 70;
the Simbil (S. Abdimii), iv., 70.
" " 4.--The Giant Storks (Mycteria), iv., 71;
the Senegal Jabiru (M. Senegalensis), iv., 71;
the Jabiru (M. Australis), iv., 71.
" " 5.--The Adjutants, Argalas, or Marabous (Leptoptilos),
iv., 74;
the African Marabou (L. crumenifer), iv., 74;
the Indian Adjutant, or Argala (L. argala), iv., 74.
" " 6.--The Clapper-billed Storks (Anastomus), iv., 75;
the African Clapper Bill (A. lamelligerus), iv., 75.

_FAMILY XX._--THE HERONS (ARDEÆ), iv., 76.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Herons Proper (Ardea), iv., 78;
the Common Heron (A. cinerea), iv., 78;
the Giant Heron (A. Goliath), iv., 80.
" " 2.--The White Herons (Herodias), iv., 81;
the Great White Heron (H. alba), iv., 81;
the Lesser Egret (H. garzetta), iv., 82.
" " 3.--The Cattle Herons (Bubulcus), iv., 82;
the Cattle Heron (B. ibis), iv., 82.
" " 4.--The Night Herons (Nycticorax), iv., 82;
the Night Heron (N. Europæus), iv., 82.
" " 5.--The Dwarf Bitterns (Ardetta), iv., 83;
the Little Bittern (A. minuta), iv., 83.
" " 6.--The Bitterns (Botaurus), iv., 85;
the Common Bittern (B. stellaris), iv., 85.

_FAMILY XXI._--THE SUN BITTERNS (EURYPYGÆ), iv., 86.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Sun Bitterns (Eurypyga), iv., 86;
the Sun Bittern (E. helias), iv., 86.

_FAMILY XXII._--THE CRANES (GRUES), iv., 87.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Cranes Proper (Grus), iv., 89;
the Common Crane (G. cinerea), iv., 89.
" " 2.--The Demoiselle Cranes (Anthropoides), iv., 90;
the Demoiselle Crane (A. virgo), iv., 90.

_FAMILY XXIII._--THE AFRICAN CROWNED CRANES (BALEARICÆ), iv., 90.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The African Crowned Cranes (Balearica), iv., 90;
the Crowned African Crane (B. pavonina), iv., 90.

_FAMILY XXIV._--THE FIELD STORKS (ARVICOLÆ), iv., 91.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Snake Cranes (Dicholophus), iv., 91;
the Brazilian Cariama (D. cristatus), iv., 91.
" " 2.--The Trumpeters (Psophia), iv., 94;
the Agami (P. crepitans), iv., 94.

_FAMILY XXV._--THE SCREAMERS (PALAMEDEÆ), iv., 95.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Horned Screamers (Palamedea), iv., 96;
the Aniuma (P. cornuta), iv., 96.
" " 2.--The Tschajas (Chauna), iv., 97;
the Chauna, or Tschaja (C. Chavaria), iv., 97.

_FAMILY XXVI._--THE RAILS (RALLI), iv., 98.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Snipe Rails (Rhynchæa), iv., 98;
the Golden Rail (R. Capensis), iv., 99.
" " 2.--The Water Rails (Rallus), iv., 99;
the Water Rail (R. aquaticus), iv., 99.
" " 3.--The Aramides (Aramides), iv., 100;
the Serrakura (A. gigas), iv., 101.
" " 4.--The Land Rails (Crex), iv., 101;
the Land Rail, or Corn Crake (C. pratensis), iv., 101.

_FAMILY XXVII._--THE JACANAS (PARRÆ), iv., 102.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Jacanas Proper (Parra), iv., 102;
the Chilian Jacana (P. Jacana), iv., 102.
" " 2.--The Water Pheasants (Hydrophasianus), iv., 103;
the Chinese Jacana, or Water Pheasant (H. Sinensis),
iv., 103.

_FAMILY XXVIII._--THE GALLINULES (GALLINULÆ), iv., 103.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Gallinules (Porphyrio), iv., 105;
the Hyacinthine Porphyrio (P. hyacinthinus), iv., 105;
the Purple Gallinule (P. chloronotus), iv., 106.
" " 2.--The Water Hens (Stagnicola), iv., 106;
the Common Moor-hen (S. chloropus), iv., 107.
" " 3.--The Coots (Fulica), iv., 110;
the Common Coot (F. atra), iv., 111.

_FAMILY XXIX._--THE FINFOOTS (PODOÆ), iv., 112.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Finfoots (Heliornis), iv., 112;
the Surinam Finfoot, or Picapare (H. Surinamensis),
iv., 112.

* * * * *

_ORDER V._

THE SWIMMERS (NATATORES).

* * * * *

_SUB-ORDER XIV._

THE SIEVE-BEAKS (LAMELLIROSTRES).

_FAMILY I._--THE FLAMINGOES (PHŒNICOPTERI), iv., 115.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Flamingoes (Phœnicopterus), iv., 115;
the Flamingo (P. roseus), iv., 115.

_FAMILY II._--THE SWANS (CYGNI), iv., 119.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Mute Swan (Cygnus olor), iv., 121.
" " 2.--The Whistling Swan (C. musicus), iv., 123.
" " 3.--Bewick's Swan (C. Bewickii), iv., 126.
" " 4.--The Black-necked Swan (C. nigricollis), iv., 126.
" " 5.--The Black Swan (C. atratus), iv., 127.

_FAMILY III._--THE GEESE (ANSERES), iv., 129.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Spur-winged Geese (Plectropterus), iv., 131;
the Spur-winged Goose (P. Gambensis), iv., 131.
" " 2.--The Wild Geese (Anser), iv., 131;
the Grey or Wild Goose (A. cinereus), iv., 131.
" " 3.--The Swan Geese (Cygnopsis), iv., 131;
the Canada Goose (C. Canadensis), iv., 131.
" " 4.--The Snow Geese (Anser or Chen), iv., 135;
the Snow Goose (A. or C. hyperboreus)., iv., 135.
" " 5.--The Sea Geese (Bernicla), iv., 135;
the Brent Goose (B. torquata), iv., 136.
" " 6.--The Foxy Geese (Chenalopex), iv., 137;
the Nile Goose (C. Ægyptiacus), iv., 138.
" " 7.--The Dwarf Geese (Nettapus), iv., 139;
the White-bodied Goose Teal (N. Coromandelianus),
iv., 140.
" " 8.--The Cereopsis Geese (Cereopsis), iv., 142;
the Cereopsis Goose (C. Novæ-Hollandiæ), iv., 142.

_FAMILY IV._--THE DUCKS (ANATES), iv., 143.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Ruddy Ducks (Casarca), iv., 145;
the Ruddy Sheldrake, or Brahminy Duck (C. rutila),
iv., 145.
" " 2.--The Sheldrakes (Vulpanser), iv., 146;
the Common Sheldrake (V. tadorna), iv., 146.
" " 3.--The Tree Ducks (Dendrocygna), iv., 148;
the Widow Duck (D. viduata), iv., 148.
" " 4.--The Wild Ducks (Anas), iv., 150;
the Wild Duck (A. boschas), iv., 150.
" " 5.--The Wood or Summer Ducks (Aix), iv., 154;
the Wood or Summer Duck (A. sponsa), iv., 154;
the Chinese Teal, or Mandarin Duck (A. galericulata),
iv., 155.
" " 6.--The Shoveler Ducks (Spatula), iv., 156;
the Shoveler Duck (S. clypeata), iv., 156.
" " 7.--The Musk Ducks (Cairina), iv., 157;
the Musk Duck (C. moschata), iv.; 157.

_FAMILY V._--THE DIVING DUCKS (FULIGULÆ), iv., 158.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Eider Ducks (Somateria), iv., 159;
the Eider Duck (S. mollissima), iv., 163;
the King Eider (S. spectabilis), iv., 165;
the Western or Steller's Eider Duck (S. or Heniconetta
Stelleri), iv., 166.
" " 2.--The Scoters (Oidemia), iv., 166;
the Velvet Scoter (O. fusca), iv., 166.
" " 3.--The Fen Ducks (Aythya), iv., 167;
the Red-headed Duck, or Pochard (A. ferina), iv., 163.
" " 4.--The Pin-tailed Ducks (Erismatura), iv., 169;
the White-headed Pin-tailed Duck (E. leucocephala),
iv., 169.

_FAMILY VI._--THE GOOSANDERS (MERGI), iv., 170.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Dwarf Mergansers (Mergellus), iv., 170;
the White-headed Merganser (M. albellus), iv., 170.
" " 2.--The True Goosanders (Mergus), iv., 172;
the Green-headed Goosander (M. merganser), iv., 172.

* * * * *

_SUB-ORDER XV._

THE SEA-FLIERS (LONGIPENNES).

_FAMILY I._--THE TERNS (STERNÆ), iv., 176.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Rapacious Terns (Sylochelidon), iv., 177;
the Caspian Tern (S. Caspia), iv., 178.
" " 2.--The River Terns (Sterna), iv., 178;
the Common Tern (S. hirundo), iv., 179.
" " 3.--The Dwarf Terns (Sternula), iv., 181;
the Lesser Tern (S. minuta), iv., 181.
" " 4.--The Water Swallows (Hydrochelidon), iv., 181;
the Black Marsh Tern (H. nigra), iv., 182;
the White-winged Tern (H. leucoptera), iv., 183;
the White-bearded Tern (H. leucoptera), iv., 183.
" " 5.--The Fairy Terns (Gygis), iv., 183;
the White or Silky Tern (G. candida), iv., 183.
" " 6.--The Noddies (Anous), iv., 184;
the Noddy (A. stolidus), iv., 184.

_FAMILY II._--THE SCISSOR BILLS (RHYNCHOPES), iv., 185.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Scissor Bills (Rhynchops), iv., 185;
the Indian Scissor Bill (R. orientalis), iv., 185.

_FAMILY III._--THE GULLS (LARI), iv., 186.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Fishing Gulls (Larus), iv., 187;
the Great Black-headed Gull (L. marinus), iv., 188;
the Lesser Black-backed Gull (L. fuscus), iv., 190.
" " 2.--The Ice Gulls (Pagophila), iv., 193;
the Ivory Gull (P. eburnea), iv., 193.
" " 3.--The Kittiwakes (Rissa), iv., 194;
the Kittiwake (R. tridactyla), iv., 194.
" " 4.--The Black-headed Gulls (Chroicocephalus), iv., 195;
the Laughing Gull (C. ridibundus), iv., 195;
the Great Black-headed Gull (C. ichthyaëtus),
iv., 197;
the Lesser Black-headed Gull (C. melanocephalus),
iv., 198;
the Little Gull (C. minuta), iv., 198.
" " 5.--The Rosy Gulls (Rhodostethia), iv., 203;
Ross's Rosy Gull (R. Rossii), iv., 203.

_FAMILY IV._--THE SKUAS (LESTRES), iv., 198.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Skuas (Lestris), iv., 198;
the Common Skua (L. catarractes), iv., 199;.
Buffon's or the Parasite Skua (L. parasiticus), iv.,
202.

_FAMILY V._--THE ALBATROSSES (DIOMEDEÆ), iv., 203.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Albatrosses (Diomedea), iv., 203;
the Wandering Albatross (D. exulans), iv., 205;
the Yellow-billed Albatross (D. chlororhynchus), iv.,
206;
the Sooty Albatross (D. fuliginosa), iv., 207.

_FAMILY VI._--THE PETRELS (PROCELLARIÆ), iv., 207.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Giant Petrels (Procellaria), iv., 208;
the Giant Petrel (P. gigantea), iv., 208;
the Fulmar Petrel (P. glacialis), iv., 209;
the Cape Petrel (P. Capensis), iv., 217.
" " 2.--The Duck Petrels (Prion), iv., 213;
the Duck Petrel (P. vittatus), iv., 213.

_FAMILY VII._--THE STORM PETRELS (OCEANIDES), iv., 214.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Storm Swallows (Thalassidroma), iv., 215;
the Common Storm Petrel (T. pelagica), iv., 215.
" " 2.--The Storm Swifts (Oceanodroma), iv., 217;
Leach's Storm Petrel (O. Leachii), iv., 217.

_FAMILY VIII._--THE PUFFINS (PUFFINI), iv., 217.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Puffins (Puffinus), iv., 217;
the Manx Puffin, or Shearwater (P. Anglorum), iv.,
218.

* * * * *

_SUB-ORDER XVI._

OAR-FOOTED SEA-FLIERS (STEGANOPODES).

_FAMILY I._--THE TROPIC BIRDS (PISCATRICES), iv., 219.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Tropic Birds Proper (Phaëton), iv., 219;
the White-tailed Tropic Bird (P. æthereus), iv., 220;
the Red-tailed Tropic Bird (P. phœnicurus), iv., 220.
" " 2.--The Gannets (Sula), iv., 221;
the Common Gannet (S. alba), iv., 223.

_FAMILY II._--THE FRIGATE BIRDS (TACHYPETES), iv., 224.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Frigate Birds (Tachypetes), iv., 224;
the Frigate Bird (T. aquila), iv., 224.

_FAMILY III._--THE CORMORANTS (HALIEI), iv., 227.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Darters, or Snake Necks (Plotus), iv., 228;
the Anhinga (P. anhinga), iv., 228;
Le Vaillant's Snake Bird (P. Levaillantii), iv., 230.
" " 2.--The Cormorants Proper (Phalacrocorax), iv., 230;
the Cormorant (P. carbo), iv., 234.

_FAMILY IV._--THE PELICANS (PELECANI), iv., 235.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Pelicans (Pelecanus), iv., 235;
the White Pelican (P. onocrotalus), iv., 237;
the Great Tufted or Dalmatian Pelican (P. crispus),
iv., 239.

* * * * *

_SUB-ORDER XVII._

DIVERS (URINATORES).

_FAMILY I._--THE GREBES (PODICIPITES), iv., 240.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Crested Grebes (Podiceps), iv., 240;
the Crested Grebe (P. cristatus), iv., 242.
" " 2.--The Dwarf Grebes (Podiceps minor), iv., 244;
the Little Grebe (P. minor), iv., 244.

_FAMILY II._--THE SEA DIVERS (COLYMBI), iv., 245.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Great Northern Diver (Colymbus glacialis), iv.,
247;
the Black-throated Diver (C. arcticus), iv., 248;
the Red-throated Diver (C. septentrionalis), iv., 249.

_FAMILY III._--THE LOONS (URIÆ), iv., 250,

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Black Guillemots (Cephus), iv., 250;
the Black Guillemot (C. grylle), iv., 250.
" " 2.--The True Guillemots (Uria), iv., 251;
the Common or Foolish Guillemot (U. troile), iv., 253.
" " 3.--The Little Auks (Mergulus, or Arctica), iv., 254;
the Little Auk (M. or A. Alle), iv., 254.

_FAMILY IV._--THE STARIKIS (PHALERES), iv., 255.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Crested Divers (Phaleris), iv., 255;
the Stariki (P. cristatella), iv., 255.

_FAMILY V._--THE AUKS (ALCÆ), iv., 255.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Auks (Alca), iv., 256;
the Razor-bill (A. torda), iv., 256.
" " 2.--The Great Auks (Pinguinus, or Plautus), iv., 258;
the Great Auk (P. impennis), iv., 258.
" " 3.--The Coulternebs (Mormon), iv., 262;
the Coulterneb, or Arctic Puffin (M. fratercula),
iv., 262.

_FAMILY VI._--THE PENGUINS (APTENODYTÆ), iv., 265.