Chapter VIII: Celtic Art of the Christian Period 254

INDEX 305

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT

PAGE
The Hallstatt Sword 8
Ornament on bronze sword-sheath from La Tène 11
Gaulish helmet of bronze from Gorge-Meillet 12
Chevron patterns of the Bronze Age 27-36
Bronze spear-heads ornamented with rows of dots 39
Gold lunula from Killarney 40
Longitudinal section of chamber and passage of Tumulus
at Newgrange, Co. Meath 45
Plan of chamber and passage of Tumulus at Newgrange, Co. Meath 47
Spiral ornament at Newgrange, Co. Meath 48
Slab with spiral ornament outside entrance to passage of
Tumulus at Newgrange, Co. Meath 49
Spiral ornament on bronze axe-head from Denmark 51
Bronze axe-head with spiral ornament from Sweden 52
Winding-band (curved swastika), sculptured on rock near
Ilkley, Yorkshire 58
Cup-and-ring sculptures on rock at Ilkley, Yorkshire 59
Bronze sword-sheaths from Hunsbury 97
Silver-gilt fibulæ found in Northumberland 104
Bronze beaded torque from Lochar Moss, Dumfriesshire 112
Late-Celtic bronze spoon from Brickhill Lane, London 119
Late-Celtic bronze spoon from Crosby Ravensworth, Westmoreland 119
Late-Celtic spoon, one of a pair, from Weston, near Bath 120
Late-Celtic urns from Shoebury, Essex 123
Late-Celtic bronze mirror from Trelan Bahow, Cornwall 131
Bronze sword-sheath from Hunsbury 132
Late-Celtic pottery from the Glastonbury Lake Village 142
Late-Celtic wooden tub found at the Glastonbury Lake Village 147
Handles of pair of Late-Celtic spoons from Weston, near Bath 147
Engraved bone object from Slieve-na-Caillighe, Co. Meath 150
Fibula of bronze-gilt from Æsica 152
Collar from Broighter, Limavady, Co. Londonderry 153
Spiral ornament in illuminated MS copied from repoussé metalwork 154
Shading of parallel lines 156
Cross-hatching placed diagonally 156
Cross-hatching placed diagonally, with dots 157
Cross-hatching of double lines placed diagonally 157
Chequerwork grass-matting shading 157
Engine-turned shading 158
Dotted shading 158
Swastika design on shield from the Thames 159
Engraved ornament found at the Glastonbury Lake village 161
Handles of bronze bowl found at Barlaston, Staffordshire 166
Handle of bronze bowl from Chesterton-on-Fossway, Warwickshire 167
Handle of bronze bowl from Chesterton-on-Fossway, Warwickshire 168
Spiral ornament from the Book of Durrow 169
Cross-slab from Pen-Arthur, Pembrokeshire 181
Erect cross-slab at St. Madoes, Perthshire 183
Cross at Penmon, Anglesey 185
Great wheel-cross of Conbelin at Margam Abbey, Glamorganshire 187
Cross at Neuadd Siarman, near Builth, Brecknockshire 189
Cross at Nevern, Pembrokeshire 191
Pin-brooch from Clonmacnois, King’s Co. 221
Pierced marble screen at Ravenna 245
Regular plaitwork without any break 259
Method of making breaks in plaitwork 259
Regular plaitwork, with one vertical break and one
horizontal break 260
Six-cord plait, with horizontal breaks at regular intervals 260
Cross-shaft at Golden Grove, Carmarthenshire 261
Cross-shaft at Llantwit Major, Glamorganshire 261
Eight-cord plaits, with cruciform breaks 262, 263
Six-cord plait, with cruciform breaks 264
Ten-cord plait, with cruciform breaks 264
Knots derived from a three-cord plait 264
Diagrams of knotwork 265, 266
Method of deriving knots Nos. 3 and 6 from a four-cord plait 267
Knots Nos. 4, 5, 7, and 8 derived from a four-cord plait 268
Knot No. 1, derived from either a three-cord or a six-cord plait 268
Knots 3 and 4, derived from a six-cord plait 269
Evolution of knot No. 1 from a six-cord plait 269
Evolution of knot No. 7 from an eight-cord plait 271, 272
Diagrams of knotwork 273
Knotwork from Ramsbury, Wilts, and Nigg, Ross-shire 274
Circular knotwork from Tarbet, Ross-shire 276
Circular knotwork from Monasterboice, Co. Louth 276
Triangular knotwork from Ulbster, Caithness 277
Triangular knotwork from Dunfallandy, Perthshire 278
Key-patterns 280, 282
Shaft of cross of Eiudon at Golden Grove, Carmarthenshire 283
Erect cross-slab at Rosemarkie, Ross-shire 284
Methods of connecting spirals 285
Tree key-pattern, Meigle, Perthshire 286
Key-pattern border from the Book of Kells 287
Method of connecting spirals 288

LIST OF PLATES

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Grave of a Gaulish warrior at Sesto-Calende,
I. Italy _To face page_ 8
Bronze fibulæ of La Tène type from the
cemeteries of the Marne
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Bronze armlet of the La Tène period from
Germany
II. Bronze armlet of the La Tène period from ” 10
Longirod (Vaud)
Bronze armlet of the La Tène period from the
cemeteries of the Marne
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III. Gaulish helmet of bronze from Berru (Marne) ” 12
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IV. Cinerary urn of Bronze Age from Lake, Wilts,
now in the British Museum. Height 1 ft. 3¼ ins. ” 22
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Bronze Age urn of “Incense-Cup” type from
Aldbourne, Wilts, now in the British Museum.
Height 3½ ins.
V. Bronze Age urn of “Food-Vessel” type from ” 24
Alwinton, Northumberland, now in the British
Museum. Height 5 ins.
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VI. Bronze Age urn of “Drinking-Cup” type from
Lakenheath, Suffolk, now in the British
Museum. Height 7½ ins. ” 26
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Spiral ornament on stone ball from Towie,
Aberdeenshire, now in the Edinburgh Museum.
Scale 1/1 linear
VII. Winding-band curved swastika on sword-hilt
from Denmark ” 58
Bronze sword-hilt with winding-band pattern
from Denmark
Bronze sword-hilt with spiral ornament from
Denmark
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VIII. Bronze mirror from Birdlip, Gloucestershire, now
in the Gloucester Museum. R. W. Dugdale, photo ” 68
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IX. Iron dagger with bronze hilt and sheath from
the River Witham ” 92
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X. Bronze harness-rings from Polden Hill, Somersetshire,
now in the British Museum. Scale ¾ linear ” 94
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Late-Celtic bronze fibula from Walmer, Kent,
now in the British Museum. Scale ¾ linear
Late-Celtic fibula from Ireland, now in the
Museum of the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin
XI. Enamelled bronze fibula from Risingham, ” 98
Northumberland, now in the Newcastle Museum
Bronze fibula from Water Eaton, Oxon, now in
the British Museum. Scale ¼ linear
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Bronze fibula from Clogher, Co. Tyrone, now
in the British Museum. Scale 1/1 linear
Late-Celtic bronze fibula (locality unknown),
now in the British Museum. Scale 1/1 linear
XII. S-shaped enamel bronze fibula (locality unknown), ” 100
now in the British Museum. Scale 1/1 linear
S-shaped fibula of enamelled bronze from Norton,
E. Riding of Yorkshire, now in the British
Museum. Scale 1/1 linear
-----------------------------------------------------------
Bronze fibula from Polden Hill, Somersetshire, now
in the British Museum, side view. Scale ¾ linear
Bronze fibula from Polden Hill, Somersetshire, now
XIII. in the British Museum, front view. Scale ¾ linear
Bronze fibula from River Churn, now in the ” 102
British Museum, front view. Scale 1/1 linear
Bronze fibula from River Churn, now in the
British Museum, side view. Scale 1/1 linear
-----------------------------------------------------------
Bronze hook-and-disc ornament from Ireland, now
in the Dublin Museum
Bronze pin enamelled from Danes’ Graves near
XIV. Driffield, Yorkshire ” 108
Bronze disc fibula with Late-Celtic ornament
from Silchester, now at Strathfieldsaye House.
S. Victor White, of Reading, photo
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Bronze beaded torque from Mowroad, near
XV. Rochdale. Scale ¾ linear ” 110
Bronze collar from Wraxhall, now in the
Bristol Museum
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XVI. Bronze armlets from the Culbin Sands, now
at Altyre, near Forres, N.B. ” 112
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XVII. Late-Celtic bronze mirror in the Mayer
Museum, Liverpool (locality unknown) ” 114
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XVIII. Late-Celtic pottery from Hunsbury, now in
the Northampton Museum ” 122
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Late-Celtic pottery from Yarnton, Oxfordshire,
now in the British Museum. Scale ¾ linear
XIX. Late-Celtic pottery from Kent’s Cavern near ” 124
Torquay, Devonshire, now in the British
Museum. Scale ¾ linear
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Granite monolith with Late-Celtic sculpture at
Turoe, Co. Galway. Height of stone 4 ft.
XX. Reproduced from a photograph by Mr. A. McGoogan ” 128
illustrating Mr. George Coffey’s paper in the
_Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy_
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Cruciform harness-mounting of bronze enamelled
(locality unknown), now in the British Museum.
XXI. Scale 1/1 linear ” 136
Bronze enamelled harness-mounting from Polden Hill,
Somersetshire, now in the British Museum.
Scale ¾ linear
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Upper part of bronze sword-sheath from
Lisnacroghera Co., now in the British Museum
XXII. Lower part of bronze sword-sheath from ” 148
Lisnacroghera Co., now in the British Museum
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Handle of Late-Celtic bronze tankard, Trawsfynydd,
Merionethshire, now in the Mayer Museum, Liverpool
XXIII. Bridle-bit of bronze enamelled, from Rise near ” 150
Hull, now in the British Museum. Scale ½ linear
-----------------------------------------------------------
XXIV. Detail of ornament on Late-Celtic bronze shield from
the Thames at Battersea, now in the British Museum ” 152
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Circular disc of bronze with repoussé ornament
from Ireland, now in the British Museum
XXV. Bronze enamelled harness-ring from Westhall, Suffolk, ” 154
now in the British Museum. Scale ¾ linear
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Cast of metal object (locality unknown) from the
Albert Way Collection, now in the Museum of the
XXVI. Society of Antiquaries, Burlington House
Cover of the Stowe Missal, in the Museum of the ” 170
Royal Irish Academy, Dublin (A.D. 1023 to 1052)
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XXVII. Erect cross-slab in Aberlemno Churchyard, Forfarshire.
John Patrick, of Edinburgh, photo ” 184
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XXVIII. Bronze bell with engraved ornament from Lough Lene
Castle, Co. Westmeath, in the Museum of the ” 202
Royal Irish Academy
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XXIX. The shrine of the bell of St. Patrick’s Will, in the
Museum of the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin ” 204
(A.D. 1091 to 1105)
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XXX. Head of the Lismore crozier at Lismore Castle,
Co. Waterford (A.D. 1090 to 1113) ” 206
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Celtic quadrangular bell of bronze with zoömorphic
handles from Llangwynodl Church, Carnarvonshire,
now in the possession of Corbet Yale-Jones Parry,
Esq., of Madryn Castle, Pwllheli. Mr. Morgan
XXXI. Evans, of Pwllheli, photo. ” 210
Bronze reliquary from Lower Lough Erne, now in
the possession of T. Plunkett, Esq., of
Enniskillen. 7 ins. long by 5⅞ ins. high by 3½ ins.
wide. R. Welch, of Belfast, photo.
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Bronze fibula with plaitwork and Late-Celtic ornament
from the Ardakillen Crannog, near Strokestown, Co.
Roscommon, now in the Museum of the Royal Irish
XXXII. Academy, Dublin ” 216
Detail of ornament on the underside of the foot of
the Ardagh chalice, in the Museum of the Royal
Irish Academy, Dublin
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XXXIII. Silver penannular brooch from Ireland, now in the
British Museum. Scale ¾ linear ” 222
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XXXIV. Biskra woman wearing a pair of penannular brooches,
the ends of the pins pointing upwards ” 224
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XXXV. Details of ornaments on the Tara brooch ” 226
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XXXVI. Details of ornaments on the Tara brooch ” 228
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XXXVII. Details of ornament on the Tara brooch, in the
Museum of the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin ” 230
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Circular knotwork on slab in church of
Sta. Sabina, Rome
XXXVIII. Doorway of the chapel of S. Zeno in the church ” 244
of S. Prassede, showing broken plaitwork on
jambs (A.D. 772 to 795)
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XXXIX. Key pattern, S. Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna Vine ” 246
scrolls, S. Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna
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Plaitwork of Romano-British pavement at Lydney Park,
XL. Gloucestershire ” 258
Plaitwork in ciborium in the church of San Clemente,
Rome (fifth century)
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XLI. Erect cross-slab from Collieburn, Sutherland, now
in the Dunrobin Museum ” 274
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XLII. Detail of ornament on erect cross-slab at Nigg,
Ross-shire ” 276
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Four men placed swastika fashion on recumbent
pavement at Meigle, Perthshire. Scale ⅛ linear
XLIII. Spiral ornament on fragment of sculptured stone ” 288
from Tarbet, Ross-shire, now in the Edinburgh Museum
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XLIV. Detail of ornament on erect cross-slab at Nigg, ” 292
Ross-shire
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