Chapter VIII: Celtic Art of the Christian Period (2)

In conclusion, I consider the so-called Celtic style to be a local variety of the Lombardo-Byzantine style, from which the figure-subjects, the interlaced-work, the scrolls of foliage, and many of the strange real and fabulous creatures were apparently borrowed. The Lombardo-Byzantine style was introduced into this country after the Saxons had become Christians; and being grafted upon the Pagan art of the Late-Celtic period, was developed in different ways in different parts of Great Britain. However, it in no way detracts from the artistic capacity of the Celt that he should have adapted certain decorative motives belonging to a foreign style instead of evolving them out of his own inner consciousness. Although his materials may not all have been of native origin, they were so skilfully made use of in combination with native designs, and developed with such exquisite taste, that the result was to produce an entirely original style, the like of which the world had never seen before.

INDEX

Abercorn, cross-shaft, 269
Abergele, horse-trappings, 95
Aberlemno, erect cross-slab, 184
Abernethy, 82
Abingdon, pottery, 124
Aboyne, armlet, 113
— erect cross-slab, 184
Achnabreac, spirals at, 50
Ægean, spiral ornament in the, 54
Æsica, 82
— fibula, 152
Alfriston, horse-trappings, 94
— enamelled harness-ring, 134
Algeria, penannular brooch, 225
Allington, pottery, 124
Alstonfield, Iron Age burial at, 68
Amber settings, 237
Amerden, sword-sheath, 91
Ammendola, sarcophagus of, 6
Andrews, St., sarcophagus, 193
Angels, 300
Animals, figures of, 146
Antennæ, swords with, 86
Anthony, St., 302
Anthropomorphic designs, Late-Celtic, 144
Anthropomorphs in Celtic Christian art, 294
Apollinare in Classe, Sant’, Ravenna, 244
Archdall, Castle, spirals at, 51
Ardagh, chalice, 216, 235
Ardakillen Crannog, 81
— — fibula, 170
Ardchattan, erect cross-slab, 184
Ardoch, 82
— horse-trappings, 95
Aristotle, 2
Armagh, bell, 199
— Book of, 175
— shrine of Book of, 208
Armlets, enamelled, 134
— Late-Celtic, 113
— of glass, Late-Celtic, 141
Arria and Paetus, 5
Arras, armlet, 114
— horse-trappings, 94
— Iron Age burials at, 63
— mirror, 115
Aryans, 1
Aspatria, sculptured cist, 55
Assynt, jet necklace from, 42
Aston Clinton, pottery, 124
Athenry, dagger-sheath, 92
Athlone, Crucifixion, 218
Auchendolly, horse-trappings, 95
Auchenbadie, armlet, 113
Avebury, fibula, 106
Axe-head of bronze with spirals, 52
— sculptures, 55
Aycliffe, cross-shaft, 269
Aylesford, bucket, 116, 145
— fibula, 106
— Iron Age cemetery at, 70
— pottery, 122
— tankard, 116
Ayton Moor, cup-marks at, 57

Backworth, pair of fibulæ, 103
— saucepan, 117
Badony, Lower, bell, 198
Baglan, cross-slab, 182
Bakerhill, sculptured cist, 55
Balcalk, jet necklace from, 42
Ballinderry Crannog, 81
— — comb, 128
Balmaclellan, Late-Celtic finds at, 77
— mirror, 115
Balls, stone, of Bronze Age, 50
Ballycostello, horse-trappings, 95
Ballynaminton, horse-trappings, 95
Bandaging patterns, 38
Bangor, bell, 201
Bapchild, horse-trappings, 94
Bargany house, sword-sheath, 91
Barlaston, bowl, 58, 166
Barlaston, Iron Age burial at, 68
Barrington, enamelled bowl, 135
Barrochan, cross, 192
Bartlow Hills, enamelled vessel, 138
Basketry, Late-Celtic, 143
Battersea, shield, 92
— sword-sheath, 91
Beaded torques, 159
Beads, Late-Celtic, 125, 141
Belhelvie, armlet, 113
Bells, Celtic, 194
Bell-shrines, 204
Benty Grange, enamelled bowl, 134
— Iron Age burial at, 67
Berkshire, triskele pendant, 121
Bernaldby Moor, sculptured cist, 55
Berru, helmet from, 12
Beverley, Iron Age burials at, 65
Bibracte, enamels from, 138
Bigbury Camp, 82
Birdlip, bowl, 116
— fibula, 106
— Iron Age burials at, 69
— mirror, 115
Birnie, bell, 198
Birrenswark, 82
Birrenswark, horse-trappings, 95
Biskra, penannular brooch, 225
Black Hedon, cup-marks at, 57
Blackshaw, spirals at, 50
Blathmac, crozier, 208
Boars’ tusks from Arras, 64
Bones, engraved, 150
Bonework, Late-Celtic, 127
Bonville, fibula, 106
Book-shrines, 208
Bowl, Barlaston, 166
— Chesterton, 167
— enamelled, Möklebust, 160
Bowls, Late-Celtic, 116
— with enamelled handles, 134
Boxmoor, sword-sheath, 91
Braddan, Kirk, wheel-cross, 188
Braintree, pottery, 124
Braughing, enamelled vessel, 137
Brazing, 132
Breac Moedoc, 211
Breaks in plait, 259
Bride, Kirk, cross, 186
Bridle-bit, enamelled, Rise, 133
— — Birrenswark, 133
Brighton, pottery, 125
Brodie, erect cross-slab, 184
Broighter, Limavady, find of gold ornaments, 109
Brooch, penannular, 223
Bronze Age burials, 23
— — Celtic art in, 22
— — Celts, 15
— — chronology of, 19
— — patterns which survived into the Iron Age, 60
Brough, 82
Brough, fibula, 107, 154
Brythons, 17
Buckets, 145
— Late-Celtic, 116
Burghead, 82
Burials of Iron Age, 65
Bunrannoch, armlet, 113
Byzantine art, 239, 244

Caburn, Mount, Late-Celtic oppidum at, 74
Caistor, enamelled bowl, 135
Calderstones, spirals at, 50
Camborne, cross-slab, 182
Came Down, cup-marks at, 57
Camerot Muir, spirals at, 50
Canterbury, châtelaine, 115
— horse-trappings, 94
Capel Garmon, fire-dogs, 118, 141
Cappagh, bell, 199
Carew, cross, 193
Carham, sword-sheath, 91
Carlingwark Loch, tankard, 116
Carlswark Cavern, armlet, 114
Carlton, inlaid object, 139
Carnbân, sculptured cist, 55
Carn Brê, 16
Carnwath, sculptured cist, 55
Cashel, bell, 201
Castell Nadolig, 82
Casting metal, Iron Age, 130
Castle Dermot, 192
Castle Newe, armlet, 113
— — weem at, 82
— — enamelled armlets, 134
Castlethorpe, armlet, 114
Catterdale, sword-sheath, 91
Cauldrons of bronze, 86
Caves inhabited by Brit-Welsh, 75, 81
Celtæ, 4
Celtic Tribes in Britain, 17
Celt in classical sculpture, 5
Celts of bronze, 41
Centaur, 302
Certosa situlæ, 145
Chad, St., Book of, 175
Chains, 237
— of gold and silver, Late-Celtic, 139
Chalices, Celtic, 215
Chalk drums from Folkton, 56
Champlevé enamel, 136
Characteristics of Celtic Christian style, 254
— Late-Celtic style, 143
Chariots, 301
— wheels, 98
— wheels from Arras, 64
Châtelaines, Late-Celtic, 115
Chedworth, Chi-Rho Monogram, 162
Chequerwork, Late-Celtic, 160
Cherubim, 300
Chesterford, Great, Kimmeridge shale vessel, 128
Chesters, Great, fibula, 107
Chesterton, bowl, 167
— enamelled bowl, 135
Chevron patterns, 28
— — Late-Celtic, 160
Chi-Rho Monogram, 163
Chorley, chains, 140
— pair of fibulæ, 102
Christianity in Britain, 162
Chronology of Bronze Age, 19
Circles, concentric, in Bronze Age, 55
Circular knotwork, 273
Cirencester, fibula, 107
Cists of Bronze Age with sculpture, 55
Cividale, Baptistery of Calistus, 258
Claughton Moor, cup-marks at, 57
Clemente, San, Rome, 244, 258
Clogher, fibula, 105
— bell, 199
Cloisonné enamel, 136
Clonmacnois, 190
— cross-slabs, 180
— crozier, 207
— gold collar, 111
— pin, chains, 140
— pin, 219
Clooncunra, horse-trappings, 95
Clova, horse-trappings, 95
Clyde Crannog, comb, 128
Coins, ancient British, 77
— with Late-Celtic finds, 88
Cookham, dagger-sheath, 92
Colchester, Kimmeridge shale vessel, 128
Commios, coins of, 78
Corfe Castle, Kimmeridge shale vessel, 128
Cowlam, fibula, 106
Cochno, wheel-symbol at, 59
Coffey, George, theory on spiral ornament, 53
Coffins, stone, 193
Coilsfield, spirals at, 50
— sculptured cist, 55
Coinage, Celtic, 14
Collar, Late-Celtic, 153
Collars, Late-Celtic, 109
Colours used by celtic scribes, 233
Columba’s Psalter, shrine of, 209
Compass-work in Late-Celtic art, 150
Cong, cross, 213
Coped stones, 182
Copenhagen, reliquary, 211
Coral settings, 237
Cossins, erect cross-slab, 184
Courcelles-et-Montagne, 13
Cowlam, armlet, 114
— Iron Age burials at, 65
Craigie Wood, sculptured cist, 55
Craigywarren, pin, 10
Crannogs, 81
Craven Arms, châtelaine, 115
Crawfordjohn, silver chains, 170
Cremation in Bronze Age, 23
Crichie, horse-trappings, 95
Cricklade, fibula, 106
Crosby Ravensworth, spoons, 120
Cross, Celtic, evolution of, 186
— processional, 213
Cross-slabs, 181
Crossthwaite, enamelled bowl, 134
Croy, penannular brooch, 228
Croziers, Celtic, 206
Cruciform breaks in plait, 262
— patterns, 236
Crucifixion plaques, 218
Crystal settings, 237
Cuerdale, penannular brooch, 227
Culan, St., bell-shrine, 204
Culbin sands, armlet, 113
Cumdachs, 208
Cup-and-ring sculpture at Ilkley, 59
— — Wooler, 59
— — Kirkcudbright, 59
— — Lochgilphead, 59
— — Kilmartin, 59
Cup-marked stones, 57

Danes’ Graves, horse-trappings, 94
— — Iron age burials, 65
— — pin, 107
Dartmoor, 16
Datchet, fibula, 106, 139
Dates of Late-Celtic finds, 85
Decorative motives in Bronze Age, 23
Delphi sacked by the Gauls, 4
Denmark, spiral ornament in, 51
Deepdale cave, 76, 81
— looped wire armlets, 139
Diagonal lines, use of, 60
— setting-out lines, 255
Dimma’s Book, shrine of, 209
Discs of repoussé bronze, late-Celtic, 121
Dogmael’s, St., 18
Dogs, fire-, 141
— — Late-Celtic, 118
Dorchester, sword-sheath, 91
Dornoch Links, cup-marks at, 57
Dots, rows of, in decoration, 39
— use of, 60
Dowalton Crannog, 81
— horse-trappings, 95
Dowkerbottom Cave, fibula, 107
Dowth, spirals at, 50
Drinking-cup urns, 25
Drumcliff, cross, 192
Drumragh, bell, 199
Dunfallandy, erect cross-slab, 184, 277
Dunkeld, Little, bell, 198
Dupplin, cross, 192
Durrow, cross, 192
— Book of, 169, 174
— shrine of Book of, 208
Dyce, erect cross-slab, 184
Dysert, crozier, 208

Eagle and fish, 301
Ecclesiastics, 301
Eday, spirals at, 50
Egypt, spiral ornament in, 54
Eilean Finan, bell, 198
Eliseg’s Pillar, Valle Crucis, 193
Elkstone, cup-marks at, 57
Elveden, pottery, 124
— tankard, 116
Embleton, sword-sheath, 91
Embsay, collar, 111
Emlagh, horse-trappings, 95
Enamelling, Iron Age, 133
— process of, 135
Enamels of Christian Celtic period, 235
Engraved patterns, Iron Age, 132
Eppillos, coins of, 78
Essex, pottery, 122
Evolution of Celtic cross, 186

Farley heath, 82
— fibula, 107
Farnell, cross-slab, 184
Farr, erect cross-slab, 184
Fens, the, horse-trappings, 94
Fibula, evolution of, 99
— from Æsica, 152
Fibulæ, enamelled, 134
— disc-shaped, 154
— worn in pairs with chain, 104
Figure drawing in Celtic Christian art, 256
Figure-subjects in Celtic Christian art, 296
Filigree-work, 237
Finds, Late-Celtic, dates of, 85
— — geographical distribution of, 79
— — with coins, 88
— of Iron Age, nature of, 61
Fire-dogs, 141
— Late-Celtic, 118
Firth, spirals at, 50
Flamboyant ornament, Late-Celtic, 150
Flasby, sword-sheath, 91
Flutes, Late-Celtic, 118
Foliage in Celtic Christian art, 247, 294
— in Late-Celtic art, 148
Folkton, chalk drums from, 56
Food-vessel urns, 25
Ford West Field, sculptured cist, 55
Forres, erect cross-slab, 184
Forteviot, bell, 198
Frampton, Chi-Rho Monogram, 163
Galati, 4
Gall, St., Gospels of, 177
Galli, 4
Garton, bell, 198
Gaulcross, pin, 108
Gauls, Cisalpine, 13
Geographical distribution of Late-Celtic finds, 79
Ghegan Rock, comb, 128
Giacomo, San, Venice, 245
Gilton, mirror, 115
Giorgio, San, di Valpolicella, 244, 258
Gladiator, the Dying, 5
Glamis, erect cross-slab, 184
Glass, Late-Celtic, 125, 141
— settings, 237
Glastonbury Lake-Dwellings, 72, 81
— Lake Village, pottery, 142
— — — woodwork, 147, 161
— Marsh Village, pottery, 125
— — — woodwork, 126
— — — bowl, 117
Glencolumbkille, spirals at, 51
Glencotho, sword-sheath, 91
Glenfahan, Ogam stone, 165
Gobnet, St., stone of, 165
Goidelic Celts, 15
Goidels, 17
Golden Grove, cross, 261
— — cross-shaft, 282
Golspie, erect cross-slab, 184
Gorge-Meillet, helmet from, 12
Gospels, 173
Goulien, bell, 199
Gourdon, chalice, 215
Govan, sarcophagus, 193
Grækwyl, 13
Grange of Conan, weem at, 82
— — armlet, 113
Greenloan, cup-marks at, 57
Greenwich, enamelled bowl, 135
Grimspound, 16
Grimthorpe, Iron Age burial at, 65
— sword-sheath, 91
Guthrie Castle, bell-shrine, 204

Hagbourne Hill, horse-trappings, 95
— — Late-Celtic finds at, 76
Hällristningar, 60
Hallstatt, cemetery of, 7
— situlæ, 145
— type, objects of, found in Great Britain, 86
Hambledown Hill, 82
Ham hill, 82
Hamdon Hill, horse-trappings, 95
— — Late-Celtic finds at, 76
Hammer-headed pins, 108
Hammersmith, fibula, 106
Hand-grasping figures, 294
Harness-mountings, 98
— enamelled, 134
Harness-rings, enamelled, 134
— Late-Celtic, 96
Harray, broch of, 82
Haughton-le-Skerne, sword-sheath, 91
Hay Hill, fire-dogs, 118
Head ornaments for horses, 98
Hecatæus, 2
Helen’s, St., Chi-Rho Monogram, 163
Helmet from Berru, 12
— from Gorge-Meillet, 12
Helmets, Late-Celtic, 93
Henshole, horse-trappings, 95
Herodotus, 2
Hexagon patterns, 36
High Crosses, 188
Highfield Pits, pottery, 125
Hilton of Cadboll, erect cross-slab, 184
Hinksey, N., dagger-sheath, 92
Hitchin, pottery, 124
Hod Hill, 82
— — fibula, 106
— — sword-sheath, 91
Hollows Tower, spirals at, 50
Hook-and-disc ornaments, Late-Celtic, 121
Horns with terminal knobs, 148
Horse’s head ornaments, 98
Horse-trappings from Arras, 64
— Late-Celtic, 94
Hounslow, figures of animals, 146
Hunsbury, fibula, 106
— Late-Celtic oppidum at, 73
— pottery, 125
— sword-sheath, 132
— sword-sheath, 91, 97
— triskele pendant, 121
Hunterston, brooch, 231
Hyndford Crannog, 81
— — collar, 112

Iberians, 15
Icklingham, sword-sheath, 91
Ilkley, cup-and-ring sculpture, 59
— rock-sculptures at, 57
Incense-cup urns, 25
Inchbrayock, erect cross-slab, 184
Ingoe, cup-marks at, 57
Inhumation in Bronze Age, 23
Inishkeel, bell, 203
Ink used by Celtic scribes, 232
Insh, bell, 198
Interlaced-work, 246
— evolution of, 257
Invergowrie, erect cross-slab, 184
Iona, cross, 192
Ireland, spoons, 121
Italo-Greek objects found at Aylesford, 71
Iron Age finds, 61

Jet necklaces, 42
Jezerine, chains, 140
Just, St., Chi-Rho Monogram, 163

Kells, Book of, 174
Kells, cross, 192, 224, 233
— crozier, 207
— shrine of Book of, 208
Kelko cave, 76, 81
Kent’s Cavern, 76, 81
— — pottery, 125
Keshkerrigan, bowl, 117
Keston, 16
Kettleburn, broch of, 82
Key-patterns, 278
Kilbroney, bell, 198
Kilburn, cup-marks at, 57
Kildalton, cross, 192
Kildare, Co., penannular brooch, 228
Kilfenora, cross, 192
Kilkeeran, horse-trappings, 95
Kilklispeen, cross, 192
Killarney, crozier, 207
— gold lunula from, 40
Killeen Cormac, Ogam stone, 165
Killing Hill, spirals at, 51
Kilmainham, bell, 198
Kilmartin, cup-and-ring sculpture, 59
— sculptured cist, 55
Kilmichael Glassary, bell-shrine, 204
Kilnsea, fibula, 107
Kimmeridge shale objects, Late-Celtic, 128
Kingsholm, pottery, 125
Kingsholm, triskele pendant, 121
King’s Mountain, spirals at, 50
Kingston Down, enamelled bowl, 135
Kirkby Thore, fibula, 107
Kirkcudbright, cup-and-ring sculpture, 59
Kirkhead Cave, 75, 81
Kirkly Thore, 82
Kirkmadrine, Chi-Rho Monogram, 163
Kirk Whelpington, cup-marks at, 57
Kirriemuir, horse-trappings, 95
Kit’s Coty House, pottery, 124
Knobs on horns of beasts, 148
Knockmany, spirals at, 51
Knot, spiral, 270
Knots used in Celtic art, 265
Knotwork, circular, 273
— triangular, 276

Lactin’s, St., arm, shrine of, 210
Lagore crannog, 81
— — beads, 125
— — comb, 128
— pin, 108
Lake-dwellings, 81
Lake-dwellings at Glastonbury, 72
Lanivet, coped stone, 182
Lashing patterns, 38
Late-Celtic finds, dates of, 85
— — geographical distribution of, 79
— — with coins, 88
— style, 143
La Tène, oppidum of, 9
Latheron, eagle and fish, 301
Lattice-work patterns, 34
Leatherwork, 237
Leicester, horse-trappings, 94
Lilburn Hill, spirals at, 50
Limavady, gold chains, 139
Limavady, gold collar, 109, 153
Lincoln, sword-sheath, 91
Lindisfarne Book, 177
Linlithgowshire, enamelled patera, 137
Lismore, crozier, 207
Lisnacroghera Crannog, 81
— — sword-sheath, 148
— sword-sheath, 91
Llanbadarn Fawr, cross, 193
Llanbedr, spirals at, 50
Llanfair, spoons, 121
Llandough, cross, 193
Llandyssyl, collar, 111
Llangenydd, cross-shaft, 270
Llangystenyn, bell, 198
Llangwynodl, bell, 200
Llanrhyddlad, bell, 198
Llantwit Major, cross, 186, 261
Lochar Moss, bowl, 116
— — collar, 111
Lochgilphead, cup-and-ring sculpture, 59
Lochlee Crannog, 81
— — woodwork, 127
— horse-trappings, 95
Lonan, Kirk, wheel-cross, 188
London, enamelled harness-ring, 134
— fibula, 106
— horse-trappings, 94
— spoons, 120
— sword-sheath, 91
Looped wirework, 139
Lorrha, bell, 201
Loughcrew, spirals at, 50
Lough Erne, reliquary, 210
Lough Lene Castle, bell, 201
Loughnashade, trumpet, 118
Lough Ravel Crannog, beads, 125
Lozenge patterns, 32
— — Late-Celtic, 160
Lullingstone, enamelled bowl, 135
Lunulæ, gold, 41
Lumphanan, stone ball from, 50

MacDurnan, Gospels, 175
MacRegol, Gospels of, 175
Madoes, St., erect cross-slab, 183
Maen Achyfan, cross, 193
Maes Mynach, cross-shaft, 270
Magny Lambert, 12
Maiden Castle, 82
Maiden Stone, erect cross-slab, 184
Maltbeck, enamelled vessel, 138
Malton, fibula, 107
Malton, New, 82
Marlborough, bucket, 116
Mancha, La, spirals at, 50
Manchan, St., shrine of, 212
Manuscripts, illuminated, 173
Margam, cross, 186
Marlborough bucket, 144
Marne, La, cemeteries of, 11
Materials for study of Celtic art in Bronze Age, 22
Materials for study of Celtic art in Iron Age, 90
Materials for study of Celtic Christian art, 172
Materials used by Celtic sculptors, 233
Maughanby, cup-marks at, 57
— spirals at, 50
Maughold, Kirk, cross, 186
Meigle, coped stone, 182
— erect cross-slab, 184
Melfort, jet necklace from, 42
Metallurgy, Iron Age, 130
Metals used by Christian Celts, 234
Metalwork, Christian Celtic, 194
Methods employed by Celtic sculptors, 233
Methods employed by Celtic metalworkers, 234
Mevagh, wheel and symbol at, 59
Middleby, horse-trappings, 95
Middleton Common, Iron Age burial at, 67
Middleton Moor, enamelled bowl, 134
— — jet necklace from, 42
Migvie, erect cross-slab, 184
Mirrors, Late-Celtic, 115
Mirror, Trelan Bahow, 131
Mogue, St., bell-shrine, 204
Möklebust, enamelled bowl, 160
Molaise’s Gospels, shrine of, 209
Monasterboice, cross, 190, 224
Monifieth, erect cross-slab, 184
Monogram, Chi-Rho, 163
Moone Abbey, cross, 192
Mont Beuvray, enamels from, 138
— — pottery, 141
Monuments, sculptured, of Christian period, 180
Monymusk, reliquary, 210
Moresby, pin, 108
Moreton Hall, sword-sheath, 91
Morwick, spirals at, 50
Motives, decorative, in Bronze Age, 23
Motives used in Christian Celtic art, 242
Mount Batten, Iron Age cemetery at, 70
Mount Bures, fire-dogs, 118
Mount Caburn, pottery, 125
Mountings for harness, 98
Mowroad, collar, 111
Mura, St., bell-shrine, 204
Mycenæan art, 57

Nancy, chalice, 215
Navan Rath, fibula, 106
Necklaces of jet, 42
Needham Market, enamelled bowl, 135
Neolithic dwellings, 16
Neuadd Siarman, cross, 190
Nevern, cross, 191
Newcastle, chains, 140
Newgrange tumulus, 43
Newry, armlet, 113
Niello, 235
Nigg, erect cross-slab, 182
Norrie’s law, leaf-shaped plates, 170
— — pin, 108
Northfield, Late-Celtic village, 82
Norton, enamelled fibula, 134
— enamelled harness-rings, 134
— horse-trappings, 94

Ogam-inscribed stones, 165
Okstrow, broch of, 82
— tankard, 116
Old Parks, tumulus, 56
Orange, Triumphal Arch of, 5
Orchomenos, spiral ornament at, 54
Origin of early Christian art, 238
Ornovasso, chains, 140
Orton Scar, penannular brooch, 227
Over-Haddon, enamelled bowl, 134
Oxford, enamelled bowl, 135

Pails, Late-Celtic, 116
P and Q Celts, 18
Panels, ornament arranged in, 255
Papil, erect cross-slab, 184
Parisi, 12
Patera, enamelled, 137
Patrick’s Will, St., bell-shrine, 204
Patrick’s, St., Gospels, shrine of, 209
Penally, cross, 193
Penannular brooch, 223
Pen-Arthur, cross-slab, 181
Penbryn, spoons, 121
Penmachno, Chi-Rho Monogram, 163
Penmon, cross, 185
Pens used by Celtic scribes, 232
Pentre Poeth, Ogam stone, 165
Perdeswell, collar, 111
Perfection of details of Celtic ornament, 256
Perforated metal plates, 236
Pergamos, 5
Perth, penannular brooch, 231
Philostratus, 133
Pins, Celtic, 219
— hammer-headed, 108
— Late-Celtic, 107
Pitalpin, armlet, 113
Pitkelloney, armlet, 113
— enamelled armlets, 134
Plait, cruciform breaks in, 262
— horizontal and vertical breaks in, 259
Plaques with Crucifixion, 218
Plato, 2
Plaitwork, 259
Plunton castle, armlet, 113
Polden Hill, enamelled harness-ring, 134
— — fibula, 106
— — horse-trappings, 95
Pol de Léon, St., bell, 201
Polybius, 3
Poole’s cave, 76, 81
Port-Blanc, dolmen, 39
Portland, Isle of, collar, 111
Pottery, Late Celtic, 121, 142
— painted, Mont Beuvray, 141
— sepulchral, in bronze age, 24
Prassede, San, Rome, 258
Presles, enamels from, 138
Prickwillow, saucepan, 117
Processes, technical, in Celtic Christian art, 232
— — iron age, 129
Psalter of St. John’s College, Cambridge, 178
— Vesp. A. i., 178
— Vit. F. xi., 178
Psalters, 176
Pyrmont, enamelled vessel, 138
Pytheas, 3

Rathconrath, wooden bowl, 127
Ravenna, screen, 245
Reask, inscribed stone, 166
Rectilinear patterns in Late-Celtic art, 159
Redlands, sculptured cist, 55
Relic shrines, 210
Repoussé metalwork, Iron Age, 132
Rhayader, gold armlet, 170
Ribchester, 82
— fibula, 107
Ricemarchus, Psalter of, 176
Ringham Low, fibula, 106
Rings for harness, 96
Rise, horse-trappings, 94
Risingham, 82
— enamelled fibula, 134
— fibula, 107
Riveting, Iron Age, 132
Rock-sculpture in Scandinavia, 60
Rodenbach, 13
Rogart, penannular brooch, 228
Rome taken by the Gauls, 4
Rosemarkie, erect cross-slab, 184, 283
Rossie Priory, erect cross-slab, 184
Rotherley, 82
Round towers, 196

Sadberge, sword-sheath, 91
Safety-pin type of fibula, 100
Saham Toney, cruciform harness-mounting, 98
— — enamelled harness-mounting, 143
— — horse-trappings, 94
Saltire patterns, 35
Sandy, pottery, 124
Sarcophagi, 193
Saucepans, Kelto-Roman, 117
Scandinavia, rock-sculpture in, 60
— spiral ornament in, 51
Scandinavian features in Celtic art, 252
Scattery Island, bell, 198
Scribes, pens, ink, etc., used by, 232
Scripture subjects in Celtic art, 296
Sculptured monuments of Christian period, 180
Sculptured stone at Newgrange, 49
Sculptured stones, Late-Celtic, 128
Sculpture on Bronze Age cists, 55
Seafield Tower, armlet, 113
Seal-box, enamelled, 134
Seamill Fort, 82
— — triskele pendant, 121
Sepulchral remains of Iron Age, 63
Seskin, sculptured cist, 55
Sesto-Calende, 9
Settings of coral, amber, glass, and crystal, 237
Shading, kinds of, in Late-Celtic art, 156
Shandwick, erect cross-slab, 184
Sheen, cup-marks at, 57
Shields, Late-Celtic, 92
— South, horse-trappings, 94
Shoebury, pottery, 124
Shrines of bells, 204
— of books, 208
— of relics, 210
Silchester, 82
— enamelled stand, 134
— fibula, 107, 154
Silian, cross-shaft, 270
Silures, 18
Situlæ, Hallstatt, 145
— Late-Celtic, 116
— of bronze, 86
Skaill, penannular brooch, 227
Sliabh na Calliaghe, 43
— — — bonework, 127
— — — engraved bones, 150
Soldering, 132
Somme-Bionne, 13
Southill, Chi-Rho Monogram, 163
Southwark, dagger-sheath, 92
Spear-head of bronze age, 39
Spiral, closely coiled, 60
— knot, 270
— ornament at Newgrange, 48
— — at Orchomenos, 54
— — in Bronze Age, 50
— — in Egypt, 54
— — in Scandinavia, 51
Spirals in Celtic Christian art, 284
— Late-Celtic, 154
— from Book of Durrow, 169
Spoons, Late-Celtic, 119
Stamfordbury, fire-dogs, 118
Stamford Hill, armlet, 114
— — fibula, 106
— — mirror, 115
Stand, enamelled, 134
Standon, enamelled vessel, 138
Stanhope, armlet, 113
Stanton, cup-marks at, 57
Stanwick, horse-trappings, 94
— Late-Celtic finds at, 75
— sword-sheath, 91
Step-patterns, 277
— in Late-Celtic art, 160
Stitchell, collar, 111
Stival, bell, 200
Stockholm, Gospels, 175
Stones, sculptured, Late-Celtic, 128
Storr, penannular brooch, 227
Stowe Missal, cover of, 170
— — shrine of, 209
Strathfillan, bell, 201
Strokestown Crannog, 81
— — fibula, 170
Strypes, spirals at, 50
Style, Late-Celtic, 143
Swastika anthropomorphs, 294
— curved, at Ilkley, 58
— — on Barlaston bowl, 58
— —, 60
— designs, Late-Celtic, 154
Sweden, bronze axe-head with spirals from, 52
Sword, Hallstatt, 8
Sword-sheath from La Tène, 11
— Hunsbury, 132
Sword-sheaths, Late Celtic, 91
Swords with antennæ, 86
Symbols used in Bronze Age, 22

Tankard, Late-Celtic, 142, 151
Tankards, Late-Celtic, 116
Tara brooch, 229
— — chains, 140
— horse-trappings, 95
— horse’s head ornament, 98
Tassilo, chalice of, 215
Tayfield, jet necklace, 42
Technical processes, Iron Age, 129
— — in Celtic Christian art, 232
Termonfechin, cross, 192
Textile patterns, Iron Age, 129
Thames, river, helmet, 93
— — Late-Celtic finds in, 77
Thirst House Cave, armlet, 114
— — — châtelaine, 115
— — — fibula, 107
Thor’s Cave, 76, 81
— — flutes, 118
Tillycoultry, sculptured cist, 55
Tincommios, coins of, 78
Trawsfynydd, tankard, 142, 151
Treceiri, 82
— triskele pendant, 121
Trelan Bahow, mirror, 115, 131
— — Iron Age burials at, 69
Trenoweth, collar, 111
Triangle patterns, 31
Triangular knotwork, 276
Triskele anthropomorphs, 294
— designs, Late-Celtic, 154
— pendants, Late-Celtic, 121
Torques, beaded, 159
Torrish, jet necklace from, 42
Torrs, helmet, 93
Torwoodlee, broch of, 82
— horse-trappings, 95
Towers, round, 196
Towie, stone ball from, 50
Trumpet, Late-Celtic, 118
Tuam, cross, 210
Tullylease, cross-slab, 181
Tumulus at Newgrange, 34
— at Old Parks, 56
Turoe, Late-Celtic sculpture, 128
Tweed, river, Late-Celtic finds in, 77
Tyne, fibula, 107
— river, Late-Celtic finds in, 77

Uffizi Museum, cruciform harness-mounting, 98
— — enamelled harness-mounting, 134
Ulbster, erect cross-slab, 184, 276
Unstan, urn from, 38
Urns, cinerary, 24
Urquhart, pin, 108

Victoria Cave at Settle, 76, 81
— — fibula, 107, 154
Vigeans, St., erect cross-slab, 184
Verica, coins of, 78

Walmer, fibula, 105
— spoon, 121
Wandsworth, dagger-sheath, 92
Warden, mirror, 115
Warden, Old, Kimmeridge shale vessel, 128
Warren, Folkestone, fibula, 102
Warton, sword-sheath, 91
Water Eaton, fibula, 106
— — sword-sheath, 91
Watsch situlæ, 145
Wellingborough, 82
Westhall, horse-trappings, 94
— enamelled harness-rings, 134
Weston, spoons, 121, 147
Weymouth, pottery, 124
Wheel-crosses, 188
Wheel-symbol in Bronze Age, 59
Whitechurch, pottery, 124
Winding-band patterns, 57
Witham, river, dagger-sheath, 92
— — Late-Celtic finds in, 77
— — shield, 92, 139
Whithorn, Chi-Rho Monogram, 163
— cross-shaft, 270
Woodwork, Late-Celtic, 126
Woodwray, erect cross-slab, 184
Wooler, cup-and-ring sculpture, 59
Wraxhall, collar, 111
Wrought metalwork, Iron Age, 130
Wykeham Moor, cup-marks at, 57

Zoömorphic designs, Late-Celtic, 144
Zoömorphs in Celtic Christian art, 249, 287

PLYMOUTH
WILLIAM BRENDON AND SON
PRINTERS

THE ANTIQUARY’S BOOKS

Messrs. Methuen will shortly begin the issue of a series of volumes dealing with various branches of English Antiquities.

It is confidently hoped that these books will prove to be comprehensive and popular, as well as accurate and scholarly; so that they may be of service to the general reader, and at the same time helpful and trustworthy books of reference to the antiquary or student. The writers will make every endeavour to avail themselves of the most recent research.

The series will be edited by the well-known antiquary, J. Charles Cox, LL.D., F.S.A., Member of the Royal Archæological Institute, and Corresponding Member of the British Archæological Association. Each book will be entrusted to an expert in the selected subject, and the publishers are fortunate in having secured the services of distinguished writers.

A special feature will be made of the illustrations, which will vary, according to the requirement of the subjects, from 50 to 150. Some will be in colour. The type will be large and clear, the length of each volume will be about 320 pages, and the size will be demy 8vo. The volumes will be issued at the price of 7s. 6d. net.

THE FIRST VOLUMES ARE

ENGLISH MONASTIC LIFE

ABBOT GASQUET, O.S.B., D.D., PH.D., D.LITT.

In these pages the daily round of the old life of English monks and nuns is fully set forth, together with interesting details as to their various officials and methods of administration. Illustrations are given of the habits of the various orders, as well as plates taken from old MSS., ground plans of important houses, and maps showing the distribution of the different monasteries. A full and accurate list of the whole of the English religious houses (including the hospitals) suppressed at the Reformation is for the first time set forth, together with indications of the cases in which there are extant remains.

REMAINS OF THE PREHISTORIC AGE IN ENGLAND

PROF. B. C. A. WINDLE, D.SC., F.R.S.

This book is intended to give an account of the present state of knowledge respecting the relics of prehistoric man in this country. Though chiefly dealing with objects found in England, where necessary, descriptions have been given of discoveries made in other parts of the kingdom and of the world. The object of the writer has been to confine himself, as far as possible, to ascertained facts, and to leave theories aside, but matters of present controversy, such as the question of eoliths and that of the transition between the Palæolithic and Neolithic periods, have been fully dealt with. Lists of the most important objects of large size have been added to the chapters dealing with them, and there is also a list of museums in this country in which collections of the smaller objects are on view. The book is illustrated by nearly one hundred figures, all of which have been specially drawn for it, and most of which have not previously appeared elsewhere.

OLD SERVICE BOOKS OF THE ENGLISH CHURCH

CHRISTOPHER WORDSWORTH, M.A., AND HENRY LITTLEHALES

A clear description of the plan and contents of all the various service books in use in the English Church before the Reformation. The descriptions have been written mainly from the books themselves, often from those known to have been formerly in use in specified parish churches. One whole page of every important service-book is given in facsimile, and reproductions of illuminations have also been supplied, some of which depict services taking place.

CELTIC ART

J. ROMILLY ALLEN, F.S.A.

“Celtic Art” embodies the results of the most recent researches with regard to the peculiarly Celtic phases of “Hallstatt” and “La Tène” culture on the continent of Europe and their extension to Great Britain in the Ages of Bronze and Iron. An endeavour is made to show the effects produced in the art of the Celtic peoples in Pagan times, by their coming in contact on the one hand with the lower culture of the Neolithic aborigines of Britain, and on the other with higher civilisations of the Mediterranean nations. Lastly, it is explained how the decorative motives which the Pagan Celt had absorbed from various sources were incorporated in the art of the Christian period.

ARCHÆOLOGY AND FALSE ANTIQUITIES

ROBERT MUNRO, M.D., LL.D.

The main object of this work is to show how modern methods of Comparative Archæology may be utilised as a means of detecting erroneous conclusions, whether founded on imperfect observations, false statements, or the actual forgery of objects. A brief account is given of a number of discoveries in various parts of the world which have become the subject of controversy, as well as some notable forgeries. Then follows a criticism of the so-called “idols,” “totems,” “_churingas_,” etc., recently found in the Clyde valley, which are still the subject of acute controversy. The concluding chapter deals with the lessons to be derived from the above narrative of the results of ignorance, fraud, and imposture.

SHRINES OF BRITISH SAINTS

J. CHARLES WALL

“Shrines of British Saints” deals with a class of monuments which, throughout the Middle Ages, was of magnetic attraction, largely governing the social and religious life of the nation, but which has all but ceased to exist in the British Isles. From illumined page and fragmentary sculpture the style and structure of shrines is here set forth. The art bestowed upon them, the influence they had upon the designs of cathedrals and great churches, and the legends surrounding them, form a subject of no mean value in the life of Englishmen.

THESE VOLUMES WILL FOLLOW

FOLK-LORE IN EARLY BRITISH HISTORY
G. LAURENCE GOMME, F.S.A.
THE ROMAN OCCUPATION
JOHN WARD, F.S.A.
VILLAGE GEOGRAPHY
W. RYLAND D. ADKINS, B.A.
CHURCH FURNITURE
J. C. COX, F.S.A, AND ALFRED HARVEY, M.B.
ENGLISH SEALS
J. HARVEY BLOOM, M.A.
FORESTS AND FORESTRY
J. CHARLES COX, F.S.A.
MANORS AND MANORIAL RECORDS
NATHANIEL J. HONE
CASTLES AND WALLED TOWNS OF ENGLAND
ALFRED HARVEY, M.B.

Other Volumes are in course of arrangement

A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS PUBLISHED BY METHUEN AND COMPANY:

LONDON 36 ESSEX STREET W.C.

CONTENTS
PAGE
GENERAL LITERATURE, 2-24
ANTIQUARY’S BOOKS, 25
BUSINESS BOOKS, 25
BYZANTINE TEXTS, 25
CHURCHMAN’S BIBLE, 25
CHURCHMAN’S LIBRARY, 25
CLASSICAL TRANSLATIONS, 25
COMMERCIAL SERIES, 26
CONNOISSEURS LIBRARY, 26
LIBRARY OF DEVOTION, 26
ILLUSTRATED POCKET LIBRARY OF
PLAIN AND COLOURED BOOKS, 26
JUNIOR EXAMINATION SERIES, 28
METHUEN’S JUNIOR SCHOOL BOOKS, 28
LEADERS OF RELIGION, 28
LITTLE BIOGRAPHIES, 28
LITTLE BLUE BOOKS, 28
LITTLE BOOKS ON ART, 29
LITTLE GALLERIES, 29
LITTLE GUIDES, 29
LITTLE LIBRARY, 29
METHUEN’S MINIATURE LIBRARY, 30
RARIORA, 30
SCHOOL EXAMINATION SERIES, 30
SOCIAL QUESTIONS OF TO-DAY, 31
TEXTBOOKS OF TECHNOLOGY, 31
HANDBOOKS OF THEOLOGY, 31
UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SERIES, 31
WESTMINSTER COMMENTARIES, 32

FICTION, 32-39
BOOKS FOR BOYS AND GIRLS, 39
NOVELS OF ALEXANDRE DUMAS, 39
METHUEN’S ONE SHILLING NOVELS, 39
THE NOVELIST, 40
SIXPENNY LIBRARY, 40

SEPTEMBER 1904

A CATALOGUE OF MESSRS. METHUEN’S PUBLICATIONS

Colonial Editions are published of all Messrs. METHUEN’S Novels issued at a price above 2_s._ 6_d._, and similar editions are published of some works of General Literature. These are marked in the Catalogue. Colonial editions are only for circulation in the British Colonies and India.