Chapter XXVII: Appendix: IX (2)

----. _Travels in the Central Portions of the Mississippi Valley:
Comprising Observations on Its Mineral Geography, Internal
Resources, and Aboriginal Population_ (New York, 1825).

The "travels" which furnished the material for this work comprised
a circuit by Schoolcraft from Detroit by way of the Maumee and
Wabash rivers to the Ohio, across southern Illinois, up the
valley of the Illinois River to Chicago, and thence around
the lakes to Detroit. Most of the journey was made in a large
canoe, the remainder on horseback. The occasion for making it
was the Chicago Treaty of 1821 to which Schoolcraft came with
Lewis Cass in the capacity of secretary. The work contains,
therefore, the most valuable account in existence of the
negotiations attending that treaty.

----. _Personal Memoirs of a Residence of Thirty Years with the
Indian Tribes on the American Frontier, with Brief Notices of
Passing Events, Facts, and Opinions, A.D. 1812 to A.D. 1842_
(Philadelphia, 1851).

Shirreff, Patrick. _A Tour through North America; Together with
a Comprehensive View of the Canadas and United States._ As
adapted for agricultural emigration (Edinburgh, 1835).

The author of this work was a shrewd farmer, and his observations
upon the people among whom he came are characterized by a degree
of sanity and fairness all too rare, unhappily, in the works of
English travelers in the United States in this period. Shirreff
came to Chicago in 1833 in the same stage that brought Latrobe. His
observations on the place, and on the proceedings attending the
Indian treaty which was in process of negotiation may profitably be
compared with those of Latrobe.

[Scott, Winfield]. _Memoirs of Lieutenant-General Scott, LL.D._
Written by himself (New York, 1864). 2 vols.

Valuable for the cholera epidemic of 1832, and for Scott's share
in the Black Hawk War.

Shea, John Gilmary. "Chicago from 1673 to 1725," in _Historical
Magazine_ (New York, April, 1861).

A brief summary, now of little importance.

----. (editor). _History and General Description of New France._ By
the Rev. P. F. X. de Charlevoix, S. J. Translated, with notes
by John Gilmary Shea (New York, 1866-1872).

A reprint of this work has been issued (New York, 1900), edited
by Noah F. Morrison.

----. _The Catholic Church in Colonial Days ... 1521-1763_ (New
York, 1866).

----. _History of the Catholic Missions among the Indian Tribes of
the United States, 1529-1854_ (New York, 1857).

----. _Early Voyages Up and Down the Mississippi, by Cavalier, St.
Cosme, Le Seur, Gravier, and Guignas_ (Albany, 1861).

Contains an English translation, abounding in numerous errors,
of St. Cosme's letter describing the expedition of the party of
Seminary priests to which he belonged to the lower Mississippi
country in 1698-1699. Valuable for its account of Chicago and the
Chicago Portage. The original manuscript is in the archives of
Laval University at Montreal. There is an attested copy of the
manuscript in the Chicago Historical Society library.

Simmons, N. _Heroes and Heroines of the Fort Dearborn Massacre._ A
Romantic and Tragic History of Corporal John Simmons and His
Heroic Wife (Lawrence, Kansas, 1896).

A slight work with many faults. It is, however, practically the
only source of information concerning the captivity of Mrs. Simmons
and her infant daughter.

Smith, William Henry (editor). _The St. Clair Papers._ The life and
public services of Arthur St. Clair ... with his correspondence
and other papers (Cincinnati, 1881).

Smith, W. L. G. _The Life and Times of Lewis Cass_ (New York, 1856).

Smith, William R. _The History of Wisconsin._ In three parts,
historical, documentary, descriptive (Madison, 1854).

Smith, Dr. William. Letter of, to James May, dated Fort Dearborn,
December 9, 1803.

Smith was the first surgeon at Fort Dearborn. This letter is
the earliest contemporary document from Fort Dearborn that I have
knowledge of. Contains some information about the founding of the
fort not to be found elsewhere. The letter is in the Detroit Public
Library.

Stevens, Frank E. _The Black Hawk War, Including a Review of Black
Hawk's Life_ (Chicago, 1903).

By far the most extensive and valuable account of the war. The
author's sympathies are too strongly enlisted on the side of
the whites, however, to entitle it to be ranked as an impartial
history. The work is profusely illustrated.

Steward, John F. _Lost Maramech and Earliest Chicago_ (Chicago,
1903).

Stiles, Henry Reed (editor). _Joutel's Journal of La Salle's
Last Voyage 1684-1687 ..._ New edition with historical and
biographical introduction, annotations, and index (Albany,
1906).

This is a reprint of the English edition of Joutel's Journal
published in 1714. It is an incomplete and garbled translation of
the original, which is printed in Margry, Vol. III.

Stoddard, Major Amos. _Sketches, Historical and Descriptive, of
Louisiana_ (Philadelphia, 1812).

The author was sent by the government of the United States to
take possession of Louisiana in 1803, and he became the first
territorial governor.

Swearingen, James Strode. Papers in the Chicago Historical Society
library (MS).

These consist of three documents, copies, apparently, of the
originals, which were loaned for this purpose by Lyman C. Draper.
They comprise an interview with Swearingen by an agent of Draper
in 1865; a letter of Swearingen's written at that time, concerning
his share in bringing the troops from Detroit to Fort Dearborn in
1803; and a detailed account of his subsequent career. For a fuller
account of these papers see Quaife, "That First Wilderness March
to Chicago," in _Chicago Record-Herald_, August II, 1912. Their
existence has been unknown until recently, and no use has hitherto
been made of them by students.

Tanner, John. _A Narrative of the Captivity and Adventures of John
Tanner ... during Thirty Years Residence among the Indians of
the Interior of North America._ Prepared for the press by Edwin
James, M.D. (New York, 1830).

Tanner journeyed from Mackinac to St. Louis in 1820 by way of the
Chicago Portage and Illinois River. The book contains a valuable
account of the crossing of the portage in the dry season of the
year.

Teggart, Frederick J. "The Capture of Saint Joseph, Michigan,
by the Spaniards in 1781," in _Missouri Historical Review_
(Columbia, 1911), V, 214-28.

This is the third and most recent critical study, that has
been made of this subject. It is based in part on hitherto
unused documents. The author dissents rather violently from the
conclusions of Professor Alvord, and tends in the main to approve
the earlier study of Edward G. Mason.

Thwaites, Reuben Gold. _How George Rogers Clark Won the Northwest,
and Other Essays in Western History_ (Chicago, 1903).

Among the "other essays" is an account of the Draper Collection
in the possession of the Wisconsin State Historical Society.

_Treaties between the United States of America and the Several
Indian Tribes from 1778 to 1837_ (Washington, 1837).

The use of the various collections of Indian treaties is attended
with some perplexity. Some of the treaties made can be found only
in this one; some others, printed elsewhere, are without one or
more of the schedules and special provisions which were ordinarily
an accompaniment of Indian treaties.

Turner, Frederick J. "The Character and Influence of the Fur
Trade in Wisconsin," in _Wisconsin State Historical Society
Proceedings for 1889_ (Madison, 1880), 52 ff.

This was an address delivered on the occasion of the annual
meeting of the Society. It was afterward expanded by the author
into the work cited immediately below.

----. "The Character and Influence of the Indian Trade in
Wisconsin," in _Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical
and Political Science_, IX, 543-615 (Baltimore, 1891).

_U.S. Congress, Debates and Proceedings in. Annals of the Congress
of the United States ..._ (Washington, 1834-56). 42 vols.

This collection covers the period from 1789 to 1824; it was
continued in the Register of Debates in Congress (1825-37). 14 vols.

_United States of America vs. the Economy Light and Power Company_
(Chicago, 1912). 3 vols.

The evidence in this case, which involves the question of the
physical character and the historical use of the Des Plaines
River, constitutes one of the most exhaustive investigations ever
made, probably, of a comparatively obscure historical question.
The original testimony, of which the printed record is only an
abstract, constitutes a vast storehouse of information and expert
critical opinion concerning the Chicago area, given under oath and
subject to cross-examination.

U.S. Public Statutes at Large. Vol. VII (Boston, 1853) bears the
title. _Treaties between the United States of America and the
Indian Tribes_ (Richard Peters, Esq., ed.).

Van Cleve, Charlotte Ouisconsin. _Three Score Years and Ten. Life
Long Memoirs of Fort Snelling, Minnesota, and Other Parts of
the West_ (Minneapolis, 1888).

This volume contains the reminiscences, charmingly written, of
the author's life, first as daughter and later as wife of an army
officer, at Fort Snelling, Fort Winnebago, and other posts. Some of
the persons whose characters are sketched were stationed at Fort
Dearborn, either before or after the author's acquaintance with
them.

Van Voorhis, Elias W. _Notes on the Ancestry of Major Wm. Roe Van
Voorhis, of Fishkill, Duchess County, New York_ (privately
printed, 1881).

Varnum, Jacob. Journal (MS).

Varnum was factor at Chicago from 1816 to 1822. This document
is an account of his life to 1822, cast in the form of a journal.
It was made-up in 1865 from papers and other data in the writer's
possession. The copy in the Chicago Historical Society library,
a typewritten manuscript, was furnished by John Marshall Varnum,
author of The Varnums of Dracutt.

Varnum, John Marshall. _The Varnums of Dracutt (in Massachusetts)_,
(Boston, 1907).

_Virginia State Papers._ Calendar of Virginia state papers and
other manuscripts ... preserved in the capitol at Richmond
(Richmond, 1875-85). Vols. I-V.

Volney, C. F. _A View of the Soil and Climate of the United States
of America._ With supplementary remarks upon Florida; on the
French colonies on the Mississippi and Ohio, and in Canada;
and on the aboriginal tribes of America. Translated, with
occasional remarks, by C. B. Brown (Philadelphia, 1804).

Contains an account of an extended interview, at Philadelphia in
1798, with Little Turtle and Captain William Wells.

Vose, George L. _A Sketch of the Life and Works of George W.
Whistler, Civil Engineer_ (Boston, 1887).

Walker, Charles I. _The Northwest during the Revolution_ (Madison,
1871). Pamphlet.

This was delivered as the annual address before the Wisconsin
State Historical Society, January 31, 1871.

Washburne, E. B. (editor). _The Edwards Papers._ Being a portion
of the collection of the letters, papers, and manuscripts
of Ninian Edwards, ... presented to the Chicago Historical
Society, October 16th, 1883, by his son, Ninian Wirt Edwards
(Chicago, 1884).

This work constitutes Vol. III of the Chicago Historical Society
Collections.

Webb, James Watson, letter to John Wentworth, October 31, 1882 (MS).

This letter, in the Chicago Historical Society library, contains
the narration in old age of the writer's recollections of life at
Fort Dearborn, sixty years before.

Weld, Isaac Jr. _Travels through the States of North America, and
the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, during the Years 1795,
1796, and 1797._ 4th ed. (London, 1800), 2 vols.

Contains an account of the distribution of goods at Maiden to the
Indians.

Wentworth John. _Early Chicago. Fort Dearborn._ An address
delivered at the unveiling of the memorial tablet to mark the
site of the blockhouse on Saturday afternoon, May 21, 1881 ...
(Chicago, 1881).

This constitutes No. 16 of the Fergus Historical Series. As
published it embraces a number of documents and other material not
contained in the original address.

Whistler, John. Genealogy of the family of (MS).

This document, compiled by James Whistler Wood, a grandson of
John Whistler, is in the Chicago Historical Society library.

Wilson, James Grant. "Sketch of the Life of Lieutenant James Strode
Swearingen, Together with the Journal Kept by Him on the March
from Detroit to Chicago in 1803," in _New York Herald_, October
4, 1903.

----. Chicago from 1803 to 1812 (MS).

A sketch based largely on information gained from Surgeon John
Cooper, who was stationed at Fort Dearborn from 1803 to 1811.

Winans, Susan Simmons. Papers Pertaining to the Securing of a
Pension for (MS).

These papers, in the Chicago Historical Society library,
constitute the only available source of information concerning the
life of the last known survivor of the Fort Dearborn massacre.

Winsor, Justin. _Cartier to Frontenac: Geographical Discovery in
the Interior of North America in Its Historical Relations,
1534-1700_ (Boston, 1894).

This and the two volumes which follow are standard authorities
for their respective periods and subjects. They are particularly
notable for the use made by the author of historical maps as a
basis for his narrative.

----. _The Mississippi Basin: the Struggle in America between
England and France 1697-1763_ (Boston, 1895).

----. _The Westward Movement: the Colonies and the Republic West of
the Alleghenies 1763-1798_ (Boston, 1897).

----. _Narrative and Critical History of America_ (Boston, 1889). 8
vols.

Wisconsin State Historical Society. _Collections of the State
Historical Society of Wisconsin._ Vols. I-XIX (Madison, Wis.,
1855-1910).

This constitutes one of the most valuable collections of material
in print for the history of the Northwest.

Young, William T. "Sketch of the Life and Public Services of
General Lewis Cass...." 2d ed. (Detroit, 1852).

INDEX

Abbott, James, trading-post at Chicago, 130;
marriage, 130-31, 158, 170.

Abbott, Robert, trading-post at Chicago, 130.

"Adams," sailing-vessel, visits Chicago, 154;
Hull plans to equip, 214-15, 243;
carries Heald to Buffalo, 243;
carries furs to Mackinac, 289.

Adams, John Quincy, pardons Winnebago murderers, 320.

Aird, James, crosses Chicago Portage, 289.

Algonquin Indians, expedition against Iroquois, 51-52.

Allouez, Father, successor to Marquette, 29;
at Chicago, 29.

Alvord, Clarence W., study of Spanish attack on St. Joseph, 100, 439.

American Bottom, settlements of, 82.

American Fur Company, Illinois brigade, 10, 14-15, 278-79;
John Crafts employee of, 269;
claim against J. B. Chandonnai, 277, 360-61;
seeks monopoly of Indian trade, 301;
hostility to factory system, 306;
grants to, 360-61; invoices, 439.

American State Papers, 439.

Anderson, Robert, in Black Hawk War, 323.

Anderson, Thomas G., narrative of, 135.

Andreas, A. T., history, 439.

Apple River, camp on, 313.

Arkansas, factory at, 295.

Armstrong, Fort, J. Watson Webb's mission to, 283;
Illinois militia at, 324;
peace negotiations at, 334-35, 337;
troops ordered to, 335.
See also Rock Island.

Army, condition in 1812, 203-5.

Astor, John Jacob, founds American Fur Company, 301.

Atkinson, Henry, in Winnebago War, 313;
in Black Hawk War, 323, 334.

Bad Axe, battle, 334.

Bad Axe River, keelboat attacked near mouth, 310.

Baird, Mrs., reminiscences, 274, 277;
description of Chicago, 280-81.

Baker, Daniel, company ordered to Chicago, 264-65;
horseback journey to Detroit, 275-76.

Baker, E. D., in Black Hawk War, 323.

Baltimore, cholera at, 329.

Barry, Rev. William, founder of Chicago Historical Society, 143;
transcript of John Kinzie's account books, 440.

Beaubien, Charles, grant to, 346, 359.

Beaubien, Jean Baptiste, career, 278;
grants to, and family, 346, 358-59.

Beaubien, Josette, grant to, 359.

Beaubien, Madore, grant to, 346, 359.

Beaubien, Mark, keeps hotel, 350.

Beaubien family, genealogy, 440.

Beaubien land claim, 278.

Beauharnois, Charles, ancestry, 66;
and Fox wars, 69-70, 76-77.

Beauharnois, Fort, evacuated, 66.

Beeson, Louis, collection of relics, 306.

Beggs, Rev. Stephen R., narrative of Black Hawk War, 325-27;
history, 440.

Beggs, Fort, in Black Hawk War, 326-27.

Belknap, Ebenezer, factor at Chicago, 296-97.

Bell, Peter, story of, 254.

Belle Fontaine, Fort, established, 17, 154;
factory at, 295.

Bennett, Lieutenant, operations against Americans, 92-94;
arrests Du Sable, 140;
praises Du Sable, 141-42.

Benton, Thomas H., author of Graham and Phillips' report, 16;
attacks factory system, 301, 305-8;
history, 440.

Bertrand, Kinzie's trading house at, 132.

Bertrand, trader, grants to, 347;
grants to family. 357.

Big Foot, in Winnebago War. 314-15;
favors war with whites, 324.

Biloxi, founded, 36.

Bird, Henry, attack on Clark, 95.

Black Bird, speech, 193; receives surrender of Heald, 229, 390, 401,
407, 418.

Black Hawk, leads Indians to Canadian frontier, 249;
in Black Hawk War, 322-25, 334;
later career, 337;
on Fort Dearborn massacre, 397;
Life, 440.

Black Hawk War, 322-29;
cause, 342.

Black Partridge, warns Heald, 220-21, 223, 384, 420;
rescues Mrs. Helm, 223, 230, 386-88;
captor of Mrs. Lee, 255;
asks for factory at Fort Clark, 300.

Black Watch Regiment, occupies Fort Chartres, 81.

Blanchard, Rufus, history, 440-41.

Blue Jacket, Indian leader at Fallen Timbers, 120;
at Maumee Rapids, 146.

Board of Trade, reports to, 3, 44.

Boston Tea Party, David Kennison in, 256-57.

Bougainville, memoir, 47.

Bouquet, Henry, ends Pontiac War, 80.

Bourassa, Joseph, recollections, 397.

Bowen, Joseph, captivity, 238-39;
survivor of massacre, 423.

Bowyer, John, Indian agent, 270.

Bradley, Hezekiah, company ordered to Chicago, 264-65.

Bradstreet, John, in Pontiac's war, 80.

Brady, Fort, troops sent to Chicago, 328.

Brant, Joseph, buys supplies of Kinzie, 145.

Breese, Sidney, in Black Hawk War, 323.

Brevoort, Commodore, commands "navy of the lakes," 154.

British, reports to Board of Trade, 3, 44;
plans for campaign of 1779, 94-95;
Cruzat's plans against, 98;
raid Ohio River settlements, 103-4;
policy in Northwest, 106-8;
encourage Indians against United States, 108, 122, 181, 194, 196;
hostility toward Americans, 115;
build fort at Maumee Rapids, 118;
aid Indians in battle of Fallen Timbers, 121;
Wayne destroys houses and stores, 121;
surrender Northwestern posts, 126;
influence over Indians, 178, 263;
fear war following Chesapeake affair, 187-88;
seek Indian aid against Americans, 188, 194;
warn Tecumseh against premature war, 195;
strength in Northwest in 1812, 198-99;
ask renunciation of portion of Northwest, 262;
capture furs of Chicago factory, 299.
See also English.

Brock, Isaac, operations against Hull, 210;
letter to Proctor, 236.

Brodhead, Daniel, ordered to assist Clark, 113.

Brownstown, American defeat, 222.

Buffalo Gazette, report of Fort Dearborn massacre, 393.

Buisson, winters at Chicago, 236;
trading establishment at Chicago, 268.

Bullock, Captain, letter to Proctor, 254.

Burnett family, grants to, 357.

Burnett, John, grant to, 347.

Burnett, William, expects fort at Chicago, 129;
letter of, 155;
dispute with Pattinson, 156;
Healds stay with, 241, 407;
extends trade to Chicago, 287.

Burns, Thomas, resident of Chicago before 1812, 167;
in Fort Dearborn massacre, 227, 230, 234, 252, 423, 430;
career, 233-34;
in Chicago militia, 253.

Burns, Mrs. Thomas, in Fort Dearborn massacre, 224;
ransomed, 236;
captivity and later life of, 252-53;
children, 252-53, 430.

Bushy Run, battle, 80.

Butte des Morts, treaty, 312, 317.

Cahokia, St. Cosme at, 42;
Pinet at, 42;
British garrison at, 81;
population in 1778, 82;
surrenders to Clark, 87;
residents join Spanish expedition against St. Joseph, 100;
Mrs. La Compt's career at, 137-38.

Caldwell, Billy, trading adventure, 287;
mission to Big Foot's village, 315;
grants to, 352.

Calhoun, John C, report on Indian trade, 291;
confidence in T. L. McKenney, 305;
plan for abolition of factory system, 307-9.

Calumet Portage, use, 24.

Campbell, Anthony, in garrison feud, 171-72.

Campbell, Robert, in battle of Fallen Timbers, 121.

Canada, England gains, 79;
De la Balme's project against, 98;
objects to terms of treaty of 1783, 107;
invasion feared, 187-88;
West desires conquest, 196;
Dearborn's plans for invading, 205;
Hull's invasion, 206, 209.

Canal, across Chicago Portage, 5-8, 12-14, 19-20, 339, 342.

Cardin, John B., murdered, 212-13.

Carey's Mission, founded, 345;
treaty at, 363-64.

Cass, Lewis, crosses Chicago Portage, 12, 15-16, 19, 313;
on evil of Liquor to Indians, 183;
aids Grummo, 240;
proposals for garrisons in the Northwest, 263;
party visits Chicago, 281;
in Winnebago War, 312, 315, 317-18;
negotiates Chicago Treaty of 1821, 343-48.

Cassopolis, and story of Job Wright, 258-59.

Caton, John D., account of Pottawatomie dance, 369-70, 441.

Cavelier, party crosses Chicago Portage, 18, 38-39;
at Chicago, 38-39, 44.

Cerré, Gabriel, adventure on Chicago Portage, 18-19.

Chachagwessiou, trader, 285.

Chambolee, bribed to capture Siggenauk, 101.

Champlain, expedition against Iroquois, 51-52.

Chandonnai, Jean Baptiste, in Fort Dearborn massacre, 222-23;
rescues Healds, 240, 409, 412;
visits Healds, 245,413;
trading career, 277;
grants to, 347, 357-58;
claim of American Fur Company against, 277, 360-61.

Charlevoix, Father, tour, 11-12, 16;
journal, 45-46;
in Fox Wars, 63;
writings, 441.

Chartres, Fort, Fox raids reach, 55;
De Noyelles retires to, 75;
English take possession, 81.

Chemin River, Michigan City at mouth, 100;
Du Sable located on, 139.

Cherokee Indians, factory established among, 293.

Chesapeake affair, 188.

Chevalier, Louis, leads Pottawatomies against Americans, 90;
aids Spanish against St. Joseph, 101.

Chicago, natural advantages, 1;
strategic location, 2;
Marquette's camp, 24-28;
Allouez at, 29-30;
Cavelier's party at, 37-38, 44;
origin of name, 38;
mission of Guardian Angel, 38-42;
St. Cosme's party at, 40-42;
French cease to visit, 42;
Wayne secures cession of land at, 42-43, 123, 125;
French fort at, 42-50, 123;
rendezvous for campaign against Indians, 45, 59;
for campaign against St. Louis, 95;
for soldiers in Black Hawk War, 328;
Illinois war party at, 60;
Langlade's party at, 97;
proposals for fort at, 127;
rumors of fort at, 129;
earliest resident, 136-37;
first white woman resident, 137-38;
"father" of, 145, 148;
John Kinzie locates at, 147;
slavery at, 148-52, 177, 228, 288;
first wedding, 157-58;
civilian residents before 1812, 167;
militia company in Fort Dearborn massacre, 167, 224-25, 227, 407,
413, 430-31;
in Winnebago War, 317;
in Black Hawk War, 325-27;
Indians plan visit to Prophet, 193;
speech of chiefs from, at Maiden, 193;
Indian murders, 212-13;
arrest of Francis Keneaum, 213-14;
goods of factory distributed to Indians, 217-18;
indemnity for loss of, 220;
establishment of factory, 264, 272, 295;
history of factory, 296-301, 308;
operations of Robert Dickson, 237-39;
residence of David Kennison at, 256-57;
establishment of fort urged, 263-64;
Indians gather at, 264;
gardening enterprises, 265-66;
life after establishment of second Fort Dearborn, 267-84;
bringing of supplies to, 268;
Indian trade at, 268-69, 285-309;
John Kinzie's career at, after 1816, 269-70;
residence of Jouett at, 270-71;
visits of American Fur Company traders, 278-79;
G. S. Hubbard's first visit, 279-80;
S. A. Storrow's description, 280;
Mrs. Baird's description, 280-81;
visit of Cass in 1820, 281;
Schoolcraft's description, 281;
Schoolcraft's prophecy, 281, 339;
Keating's description, 281-82;
payments to Indians at, 284, 314, 366-67;
marriage of Alexander Wolcott, 284;
traders' huts at, 287;
in Winnebago War, 313-17;
in Black Hawk War, 325-39;
description in 1833, 349;
Indian duel, 352-53;
Pottawatomies' farewell to, 368-70.
See also Fort Dearborn.

Chicago Portage, 3-20;
war party passes, 65;
builds fort at, 68;
Americans to enjoy free use of, 125;
travelers carried across, 143-44, 289;
American Fur Company traders cross, 279;
Hugh Heward crosses, 286;
Lewis Cass crosses, 313;
United States gains control over, 342;
Swearingen's description, 377.

Chicago River, bar at mouth, 6, 133, 331, 376;
Des Plaines empties into, 9;
Americans enjoy free use of, 125.

Chicago Treaty of 1821, 183, 343-48.

Chicago Treaty of 1833, 277, 348-66.

Chicago-Detroit trail, 68, 131, 343.

Chicago-Galena trail, Scott traverses, 334.

Chickasaw Bluffs, factory established at, 295.

Childs, Ebenezer, crosses Chicago Portage, 10.

Chippewa Indians, Sacs and Foxes wage war on, 77;
numbers of, 83;
disloyal to British, 94;
plot of, against Northwestern posts, 193;
followers of Keneaum, 213-14;
bring Hull news of surrender of Mackinac, 215;
Indian rescues Crozier, 246;
chief reveals plot against Fort Snelling, 283;
treaty with, at Prairie du Chien, 364.

Choctaw Indians, factory established among, 295.

Cholera, epidemic, 328-37.

Chouteau, Auguste, negotiates treaties, 262;
furs taken across Chicago Portage, 289.

Cicely, slave girl, 177;
death, 227-28, 430.

Clark, cattle dealer, 167.

Clark, husband of Elizabeth McKenzie, 147.

Clark, Fort, appeal for factory at, 300.

Clark, George Rogers, operations in Revolution, 84-104;
leads Kentuckians against Indians, 109.

Clark, William, appeal of Fox Indians to, 184;
negotiates treaties, 262.

Clybourne, Jonas, marriage, 147.

Columbus, Fort, troops sent to Chicago, 328.

Confederation, Indian trade policy, 291-92.

Congress, Continental, Indian policy, 290-91.

Connor, James, grant to, 359.

Cooper, Isabella, in Fort Dearborn massacre, 252-53.

Cooper, John, surgeon at Fort Dearborn, 143, 149;
reports of life at, 160-61;
description of, 163;
privilege to suttle at, 172-73, 175;
resigns from army, 175;
on death of Van Voorhis, 387.

Cooper, Joseph, death, 252;
stepson of Burns, 431.

Cooper, Mrs. See Mrs. Burns.

Corbin, Fielding, captivity 238-39.

Corbin, Mrs. Fielding, in Fort Dearborn massacre, 224;
death, 227.

Corbin, James, captivity, 238-39.

Corn Island, Clark builds blockhouse on, 85-86.

Courselle, house at Chicago, 167.

Court martial, proceedings at Detroit, 161-63;
of mutineers in Hull's army, 208.

Covington, Leonard, in battle of Fallen Timbers, 121.

Crafts, John, trading house at Chicago, 268-69.

Crawford, Fort, settlers take refuge in, 312;
regarrisoned, 321.

Creek Indians, factory established among, 293.

Crespel. Father, shocked at tortures, 65.

Crevecoeur, Fort, built, 31-32;
destroyed, 32.

Croghan, George, mission to western tribes, 81.

Crooks, Ramsey, buys corn of Kinzie, 288;
charges of, against factory system, 305-6.

Crozier, John, captivity, 246;
survivor of massacre, 423;
fate, 433.

Cruzat, Antoine, plans against British, 98.

Cummings, Alexander, in Black Hawk War, 338.

Dablon, Father, report of Joliet's expedition, 4-5.

Danville, militia company in Winnebago War, 315-17;
settlers flee to, 326.

Daugherty, Daniel, survivor of Fort Dearborn massacre, 423.

Davis, Jefferson, at Fort Winnebago, 321;
in Black Hawk War, 323.

Dawson, Moses, on strength of Harrison at Tippecanoe, 200;
biography of Harrison, 442.

Dean, John, horseback journey to Detroit, 275;
J. B. Beaubien buys house, 278.

Dearborn, first Fort, establishment, 127-30, 134-36;
John Whistler appointed commander, 130;
John Cooper, surgeon, 143, 149;
life at, 153-77;
description of, and surroundings, 164-67;
garrison feud, 171-76;
Main Poc threatens, 193;
Indian plot against, 193;
strength of garrison in 1812, 198, 428-29;
and Hull's campaign, 211;
news of War of 1812 received, 214, 416;
Hull plans to send supplies to, 214-15;
Hull's order for evacuation, 215-17, 378, 383, 403. 406, 409, 416;
evacuation of, 217-20;
Wells reaches, 219, 225;
ruins of, in 1813, 231;
last muster roll, 232-33, 247, 256, 259, 425-29;
measures for relief of captives, 237-39;
Nathan Heald commander of, 403;
supplies on eve of massacre, 388-91, 417.

Dearborn, second Fort, establishment, 264-67;
John McNeil commander, 282;
first white child born in, 282;
garrison withdrawn, 283, 310, 322;
burning of barracks, 314;
regarrisoned, 321-22;
settlers take refuge in, 325;
converted into cholera hospital, 331-32.

Dearborn, Fort, massacre, preliminary, 212-13, 416;
participants in, 222-25;
forces and losses in, 230;
fate of survivors, 232-61, 422-24;
account of, in Heald's Journal, 403;
Heald's official report, 406-8;
Helm's narrative, 415-21;
fate of women in, 421, 430;
Woodward's letter concerning survivors, 422-24;
names and fate of participants, 428-36;
fate of children, 430.
See also Chicago.

Dearborn, Henry, plans for campaign of 1812, 205;
inactivity, 209-10.

De Champs, Antoine, trader, 138, 303.

Defiance, Fort, built, 118;
Wayne retires to, 122.

De Garmo, Paul. See Grummo.

De la Balme, Augustin, project against Detroit, 98;
sends detachment against St. Joseph, 99.

DeLery, report of siege of Detroit, 56, 58.

De Leyba, Francisco, friendly to Clark, 87;
defense of St. Louis, 95-96;
death, 98.

De Lignery, Marchand, expedition against Foxes, 65.

Denison, Micajah, death, 235, 433-34;
wounded, 423.

Denonville, campaign against Iroquois, 38;
on effects of liquor on Indians, 183.

De Noyelles, Nicolas, expedition against Foxes, 70-75.

Department of Indian Trade, records of, 287, 299, 447.

De Peyster, Arent Schuyler, proposes expedition against Illinois
posts, 90;
defies Clark, 91-92;
verses, 93;
succeeds Hamilton at Detroit, 94;
efforts to capture Siggenauk, 100-101;
sends force against Americans, 103;
statement about Du Sable, 139.

De Quindre, Louis, defeats Hamelin's party, 99;
efforts against Spaniards, 102.

Des Moines River, Fox post on, 72-73.

Des Plaines River, fluctuations. 6-8, 16-17;
Thomas Tousey explores, 12-13.
See also Chicago Portage.

Detroit, Fox siege, 55-58;
war party at Chicago, 61;
resists Indian attack, 80;
center of British control of Northwest, 81, 84;
defenses in 1770, 82;
British expect assault, 91;
De Peyster stationed at, 94;
De la Balme's project against, 98;
Clark's plans against, 103-4;
outpost of Americans in Northwest, 128;
court-martial proceedings at, 161-63;
John Whistler transferred to, 175;
Indian plot against, 103;
Indian attacks diverted to frontier, 194;
garrison in 1812, 198;
appeal of settlers for protection, 200-201;
invasion of Canada from, planned, 205;
capture, 210;
effect of capture on Northwest, 211.

Dickson sends warriors to, 238;
journey of Mrs. Simmons to, 249;
trip of Jacob B. Varnum and party to, 275-76;
J. B. Beaubien born at, 278;
factory discontinued, 295-96;
goods of Chicago factory shipped to, 308.

De Villiers, Louis Coulon, captures George Washington, 66.

De Villiers, Nicolas Coulon, marches against Foxes, 66;
commander at Green Bay, 69;
slain, 70.

Diamond Lake Island, and story of Job Wright, 258-59.

Dickson, Robert, leads Indians to Detroit frontier, 194;
Keneaum's mission to, 213-14;
describes ruins of Fort Dearborn, 231;
rouses Indians against Americans, 237-38;
rescues Fort Dearborn captives, 238-39, 254;
witnesses Heald's parole, 242;
collects warriors at Green Bay, 249;
sends goods to Chicago, 268.

Dilbone, Henry, assault upon, and family, 250-51.

Dilg, Carl, papers, 382, 442;
rejects Mrs. Kinzie's narrative, 382;
records Alexander Robinson's narrative, 398.

Dillon, John B., history, 442.

Dixon's Ferry, flight of Stillman's force to, 324;
Governor Reynolds issues call for troops from, 325;
orders to soldiers at, 335.

Dodge, A. C, in Black Hawk War, 323.

Dodge, Henry, in Winnebago War, 317;
in Black Hawk War, 323, 334, 337-38.

Dorchester, Lord, hostility toward Americans, 115, 118.

Dorr, Lieutenant, commander of "Tracy," 131.

Douglas, Captain, companion of Schoolcraft, 281.

Draper, Lyman C, records Darius Heald's narrative of Fort Dearborn
massacre, 381, 409-14.

Draper Collection, Heald papers in, 380, 442.

Drennan, D. O., papers, 130, 442.

Drummond's Island, distribution of presents to Indians at, 320.

Dubuisson, report of siege of Detroit, 55.

Du Page River, troops camp on, 338.

Du Pain (Depain, Du Pin), trader, at Chicago, 236, 268.

Durand, employer of Du Sable, 140.

Durantaye, fort of, 47-48.

Du Sable, Baptiste Point, De Peyster mentions, 93;
career, 138-42;
trading post at Chicago, 286.

Dyer, Dyson, captivity, 238-39.

Economy Light and Power Company, case of, 7, 456.

Edson, Nathan, captivity, 238-39.

Edwards, Abraham, narrative of Burns family, 252-53;
employer of John Crafts, 269.

Edwards, Ninian, Main Poc's speech to agent of, 182;
seeks to obtain Indian murderers, 193;
negotiates treaties, 262;
report to, 320;
papers, 443, 457.

Elliot, Matthew, British Indian Agent, 214.

English, compete for fur trade, 53;
overthrow French in America, 79.

Erie Indians, exterminated, 52.

Erie, Lake, Hull urges armed control of, 205-6.

Ewing, G. W., grant to, 359.

Ewing, William, grant to, 359.

Factory, to be re-established at Chicago, 264;
system, 289-309;
distribution of goods at Chicago, 406.
See also Fur Trade; Indian Trade; Trade.

Fallen Timbers, battle of, 119-21;
Hamtramck's part in, 131;
Tecumseh in, 186;
sole decisive victory over Indians, 199.

Fever, among Northwestern garrisons, 135, 158-59.

Fifth Infantry, movements, 321, 338.

Finney, Fort, Treaty of, 109.

Firearms, Iroquois gain, 52.

Forsyth, Robert, at Maumee City, 239;
secretary to Lewis Cass, 314;
grants to, 359, 363;
signs treaty, 364.

Forsyth, Thomas, relations with Jeffrey Nash, 148-52;
Heald employs horses of, 219;
losses in Fort Dearborn massacre, 236, 246, 363-64;
Indians esteem, 218;
letter to Heald, 236, 255;
ransoms Helm, 246;
partner of John Kinzie, 287;
on operations of factory system, 300-301;
witnesses treaty, 359-60;
author of narrative of Fort Dearborn massacre, 394.

Forsyth, William, marries Mrs. Kinzie, 145.

Fort, French, at Chicago, 42-50;
French forts abandoned, 65;
Pontiac plans to destroy English, 80;
Cass urges establishment in Northwest, 263.

Fortress Monroe, troops in Black Hawk War, 328-29, 336-37.

Four-Lakes country, pursuit of Black Hawk through, 334;
beauty of, 338-39.

Fourth Infantry, honors to, 207;
quells mutiny, 208.

Fowle, John, commander at Fort Dearborn, 321.

Fox Indians, wars against French, 45-46, 51-78;
request liquor be kept from, 184;
plot against Fort Snelling, 283.
See also Black Hawk War; Sacs and Foxes.

Fox-Wisconsin Portage, Dickson winters at, 214;
Fort Winnebago at, 321 .

Fox-Wisconsin waterway, 54, 263, 321.

Franklin, Benjamin, and government trading houses, 296.

Fraser, Lieutenant, mission, 80-81;
report of, 82.

French, highways to Mississippi, 3;
seek route to South Sea, 22;
traders in Illinois, 25-27, 285;
Iroquois hostility for, 51-52;
wars with Foxes, 45-46, 51-78;
compete with English for fur trade, 53;
power in Northwest tottering, 76-78;
overthrow in America, 79;
negotiations in Treaty of 1783, 103;
importance of fur trade to, 286.

Frontenac, Count, version of Joliet's report, 4-5;
recalled, 35;
breaks up Pinet's mission, 39.

Fur trade, death knell of, 20;
English-French competition for, 53;
Fox war hinders, 58-59;
British desire to control in Northwest, 107;
Indians engage in, 285;
volume of, in Illinois, 288-89.
See also Factory; Indian Trade; Traders.

Fury, John, death, 235, 433-34;
wounded, 423.

Gage, Fort, British garrison at, 81.

Gagnier family, assault on, 310-11.

Gale, E. O., reminiscences, 443-44.

Gale, John, and story of Fort Dearborn captive, 260-61.

Galena, panic of settlers, 312-13;
volunteers from, in Winnebago War, 317.

Galvez, Bernardo de, operations against British, 94.

Garner, Richard, death, 234, 423, 434.

Gary (Guarie), trader, 138.

Gary River, name of North Branch, 138.

Gautier, Charles, operations against Americans, 90-93.

Geiger, Jacob, relations with Heald, 404.

"General Wayne," carries troops to Chicago, 265.

Geneva, Lake, home of Big Foot's band, 314.

Ghent, Treaty of, 262.

Gibault, Father, assists Clark. 86-87.

Glaize River, Wayne destroys villages on, 117-18.

Gomo, gives news of Main Poc, 194.

Gordon, Eleanor, writings, 444.

Graham, John, negotiates treaties, 262.

Graham, R., report of, 16, 19.

Grand Portage, need of fort at, 263.

Grant, Ulysses S., serves under William Whistler, 169.

Gratiot, Fort, garrisoned, 321;
troops from, sent to Chicago, 328;
cholera at, 329-30.

Great Lakes, ice in, 7;
New France extends to, 52;
Jacob B. Varnum's voyage on, 272-73;
northern boundary of United States, 272-73.

Green Bay, Foxes threaten, 54;
abandoned, 65, 80;
post reoccupied, 69, 80;
Sacs refuse to return to, 70;
Dickson plans to send goods to, 238;
captivity of Mrs. Simmons at, 248-49;
Dickson collects warriors at, 249;
American fort established, 263-65;
factory established, 264;
French post at, 286;
Fort Dearborn garrison ordered to, 322;
cholera panic at, 330-31.
See also Fort Howard.

Greenville, Wayne establishes camp at, 116;
Wayne retires to, 123;
Prophet begins career at, 186;
Treaty of, 42-43, 122-25, 191, 225, 262, 340;
second Treaty of, 179.

"Griffin," built, 30;
lost, 31-32.

Griffith, William, letter of, 234, 253;
captivity, 236, 242-43;
informant of McAfee, 379, 397;
survivor of massacre, 423;
intends to kill Le Claire, 431.

Grignon, Augustin, statements about Du Sable, 141.

Grover, Frank R., on Pinet's mission, 40-41;
addresses, 444.

Grummo (De Garmo), Paul, captivity, 238-40;
account of Fort Dearborn massacre, 397.

Guardian Angel Mission, 37-42.

Guignas, Father, captivity, 66.

Hagar, Albert D., on Marquette's route, 24.

Hall, Benjamin, Margaret Kinzie marries, 147.

Hamelin, Jean Baptiste, expedition against St. Joseph, 99.

Hamilton, Alexander, letter to, 153;
death, 156;
son of, 284.

Hamilton, Henry, rouses Indians against Americans, 84;
expedition against Vincennes, 87-88;
captured, 80;
orders of, for campaigns against Americans, 90-91;
imprisonment of, 94.

Hamilton, Joseph, marriage, 168;
in garrison feud, 173-74;
sent to Fort Belle Fontaine, 175.

Hamilton, William S., contractor, 284.

Hamlin, John, performs marriage ceremony, 284.

Hamtramck, John, commander at Detroit, 130;
death, 131;
on injustice to Indians, 180.

Hardin, John, murder of, 115.

Harmar, Fort, Treaty of, 109-10, 122, 190-91.

Harmar, Josiah, expedition of, 111.

Harmon, Dr., treatment of cholera, 333.

Harney, William S., in Black Hawk War, 323.

Harrison, Fort, place in Northwestern frontier, 197;
garrison in 1812, 198.

Harrison, William H., dealings with Tecumseh, 120, 190-92, 341;
governor of Indiana Territory, 128;
on liquor-drinking by Indians, 183-84;
on injustice to Indians, 180-81;
protests against witchcraft delusion, 187;
seeks to obtain Indian murderers, 193;
difficulty with militia, 204;
commander of Fort Meigs, 250;
negotiates treaties, 262, 340-42;
biography, 442.

Hay, Henry, journal, 145-46, 444.

Hayes, Otto, death, 228-29, 388.

Hayward, Thomas, factor at Chicago, 297.

Head, William R., papers, 134, 149, 382, 444-45;
preserves Moses Morgan narrative, 261, 399;
rejects Mrs. Kinzie's narrative, 382.

Heald, Darius, narrative of massacre, 234, 241, 380-82, 384, 409-14, 449;
birth, 405.

Heald, Nathan, desires leave of absence, 153, 176;
birth of children, 159, 404-5;
commends John Whistler, 174;
transferred to Fort Dearborn, 175-76;
visits New England, 175-76;
marriage, 176-77;
receives news of Indian depredations, 211-12;
report of April murders, 212;
organizes militia company, 213;
Hull commends, 215, 380;
Hull's order to, to evacuate Fort Dearborn, 215-17, 378, 393, 403, 406,
409, 416;
responsibility for Fort Dearborn massacre, 215, 217-19;
preparations for evacuation, 219-20;
Black Partridge's warning to, 220-21, 223, 384, 420;
in Fort Dearborn massacre, 223, 226, 229;
stipulates prisoners to be spared, 233;
letter of William Griffith to, 234, 253;
letters of Thomas Forsyth to, 236, 246, 255;
captivity, 240-3, 403-4, 407;
wounds, 241, 244, 391, 403, 407, 414;
later life, 244-45;
pension, 244, 391-92;
home of, 245;
home looted, 381;
gives factory goods to Indians, 300;
report of massacre, 379-80, 406-8;
antipathy of Mrs. Kinzie's narrative, 385;
conduct in massacre, 389-90, 415-20;
journal, 402-5;
obituary, 409;
papers, 428, 445.
See also Chicago; Fort Dearborn.

Heald, Mrs. Rebekah, birth of children, 159, 404-5;
marriage, 176-77;
death of children, 159, 221, 405;
in Fort Dearborn massacre, 223, 226, 394, 409-13;
memorandum on property losses, 228;
captivity, 240-43, 403-4, 407;
wounds, 241, 403, 407, 409, 411-12;
later life, 244-45;
narrative of massacre, 380-82, 410-14;
birth, 414;
daguerreotype of, 414.

Heintzelman, S. P., in Black Hawk War, 323.

Helm, Leonard, surrenders Vincennes, 87-88.

Helm, Linai T., member of court-martial, 163;
transferred to Fort Dearborn, 177;
financial condition, 177, 365;
version of evacuation order, 216;
in Fort Dearborn massacre, 230, 401;
captivity, 246-47, 419-20;
later career, 276;
narrative of massacre, 378-80, 385, 387-91;
version of Black Partridge's warning, 384;
wound, 391-92;
pension, 392;
letter to Judge Woodward announcing narrative of massacre, 415-16;
list of survivors of massacre, 421, 431-33;
survivor of massacre, 423.

Helm, Mrs. Linai T., in Fort Dearborn massacre, 223, 226, 385-88, 419;
rescue of, 223, 230, 386-88, 413;
captivity, 246-47;
second residence at Chicago, 276;
divorce, 276, 311;
grants to, 362, 364-65;
informant of Mrs. Kinzie, 383;
survivor of massacre, 423.

Hempstead, Stephen, statements about Du Sable, 141-42.

Hennepin, Father, expedition planned, 32;
New Discovery, 49-50.

Henry, James, in Black Hawk War, 334, 337-38.

Henry, Patrick, approves Clark's plans, 85;
Fort Vincennes named after, 89.

"Henry Clay," carries troops to Chicago, 329;
cholera on, 332-33.

Hesse, Emanuel, operations of, in 1780, 95.

Heward, Hugh, dealings with Du Sable, 140-41, 286;
journal, 445.

Heyl, Sergeant, death, 332.

Hopson, John, crosses Chicago Portage, 10.

Horses, use of, on Chicago Portage, 11-13, 15-19;
in building first Fort Dearborn, 134.

Howard, Fort, troops from, in Winnebago War, 317-18.

Hubbard, Gurdon S., crosses Chicago Portage, 10, 14-15;
preserves story of Cerré, 18;
preserves story of Gary, 138;
first visit to Chicago, 279-80;
describes arrival of Cass at Chicago, 313-14;
brings militia from Danville, 315-17;
writings, 446.

Hulbert, A.B., Portage Paths, 3, 7, 446.

Hull, William, seeks to counteract British machinations among Indians, 188;
campaign of 1812, 205-10, 214, 222;
order for evacuation of Von Dearborn, 215-17, 378, 393, 403, 406,
409, 416;
commends Heald, 380;
memoirs, 446.

Hunt, George, grant to, 360.

Hunt, John E., aids De Garmo, 240.

Hunt, Thomas, commander at Detroit. 158.

Hunt, William N., death, 236, 433.

Hunter, David, commander at Fort Dearborn, 321-22.

Huron Indians, forays against Foxes, 46, 67-69;
Iroquois ruin, 52;
foray against Mascoutens, 61-62;
defeat Foxes, 62;
join De Noyelles' expedition, 70.

Iberville, expedition of, 36.

Illinois, British attempts to gain possession of, 80-81;
plans against, in 1781, 97-98;
Indian depredations in, 193-94;
settlements in 1812, 197;
fur traders in, 25-26, 285;
operations of American Fur Company in, 278-79;
volume of fur trade in, 288-89;
militia in Black Hawk War, 324-25, 334.

Illinois Indians, village at Starved Rock destroyed, 33;
Foxes wage war against, 55, 77;
Foxes attack, 59;
war party comes to Chicago, 60;
war with Foxes, 63-64;
abandon Starved Rock, 64;
part in De Lignery's expedition, 65;
thievery of, 134;
engage in fur trade, 285.

Illinois Mission, founded, 28;
Allouez appointed to, 29;
success of, 39.

Illinois River, Joliet and Marquette on, 23-24;
highway between Great Lakes and Mississippi, 51, 263;
Americans to enjoy free use of, 125;
Indians cede land at mouth of, 125;
ascent of, by Cass, 313;
by Fort Dearborn garrison, 321.

Independence Day, celebration, 123.

Indians, as carriers on Chicago Portage, 18;
population in Northwest, 83, 198-99;
neutrality in Revolution, 83;
British policy toward, 84, 106-8;
desert Lieutenant Bennett, 93-94;
threaten Langlade, 97;
relations with United States in Northwest, 108-9, 264;
raid Ohio frontier, 111, 115;
British encourage against United States, 108, 122, 181, 194, 196;
and building of first Fort Dearborn, 133-34;
ideas of land ownership, 178-79;
failure of United States government policy toward, 179-84;
use of liquor, 178-79, 182-84, 188-90, 304, 347-48;
patient endurance of evils, 185;
Americans urge to neutrality, 188, 194;
Tecumseh and Prophet attempt to reform, 186-90;
Tecumseh attempts to unite, 190-92;
oppose cession of lands, 191;
visit Maiden, 193;
plot against Northwestern posts, 193;
murders in Illinois, 193-94;
prowess as warriors, 199;
horrors of warfare, 200-201;
Dickson leads against Americans, 237-38;
treaties with, in Northwest, 262-63;
policy of Continental Congress toward, 290-91;
of Confederation toward, 291;
ask establishment of government trading houses, 294-95;
plan rising against Americans, 320;
code of honor, 335-36;
title to land of Northwest, 340;
bribery of, 345-46.

Indian Creek massacre, 327.

Indian trade, basis of, 53;
competition for, 78;
of Northwest, rivalry over, 107;
at Chicago, 285-309;
department, records of, 287, 299, 447;
factory system, 289-309.

Indiana, territory created, 128;
Harrison's messages to legislature, 180-81, 183;
fears of settlers, 190-92, 325;
settlements in 1812, 197;
militia in Black Hawk War, 327-28.

Iroquois Indians, destroy Illinois village, 33;
Denonville's campaign against, 38;
war party attacks Foxes, 46;
Champlain joins expedition against, 51-52;
gain firearms, 52;
encourage Foxes, 54;
Christian, join foray against Foxes, 70;
share in De Noyelles' expedition, 70, 73-75;
Foxes ally with, 77;
Butler's speech to, 118.

Iroquois River, Hubbard's trading house on, 316.

Irwin, Matthew, factor at Chicago, 166, 298-99;
in garrison feud, 173;
report of, on April murders, 212;
factor at Green Bay, 272, 299.

Irwin, Robert, conveys Healds to Detroit, 242.

Jacques, companion of Marquette, 24, 26-7.

Jay, John, negotiates treaty, 103, 125-26.

Jefferson, Fort, St. Clair's army reaches. 114;
commander killed, 116.

Jefferson, Thomas, resigns governorship, 103;
message on trading-house system, 294-95.

Jefferson Barracks, troops from, in Winnebago War, 313, 317;
Fifth Infantry at, 321.

Jesuit order, proselyting work, 38-39.

Jews'-harp, use of in Indian trade, 306.

Johnston, Albert Sidney, in Black Hawk War, 323.

Johnston, Joseph E., in Black Hawk War, 323.

Joliet, Louis, on Chicago Portage, 4-6, 8;
proposes canal at Chicago Portage, 5-6, 19;
expedition of, 22-24.

Jones, George W., in Black Hawk War, 323.

Jordan, Walter, report of Fort Dearborn massacre, 394-96.

Jouett, Charles, names son for La Lime, 149;
Indian agent at Chicago, 166, 270-71;
in garrison feud, 173-76;
house fortified, 213;
in charge of Chicago factory, 297;
invoices furniture of factory, 293.

Joutel, narrative, 36-38.

Juries, western, refuse to convict of crimes against Indians, 180-81.

Kankakee River, Charlevoix follows, 11-12, 16, 45;
not used by Marquette, 28-29;
John Kinzie trades on, 147.

Kaskaskia, population in 1778, 82;
Clark captures, 86.

KawKeemee, wife of Burnett, 347.

Keating, William H., narrative of Long's expedition, 10, 448;
on Chicago's lake trade, 268;
description of Chicago, 281-82.

Keith, Governor, memorial to Board of Trade, 44.

Kelso, John, escapes from April murders, 212.

Kendall, Amos, on character of militia 203-4.

Keneaum, Francis, mission of, 213-14.

Kennison, David, career, 255-57;
survivor of massacre, 432, 434.

Kentucky, G. R. Clark settles in, 85;
county of, created, 85;
inhabitants raid Indians, 109, 111;
volunteers in Wayne's army, 116-17;
people kill Indians, 180.

Kercheval, B. B., grant to, 360.

Kercheval, Gholson, grant to, 360.

Kickapoo Indians, allies of Foxes, 56;
war parties against Foxes, 58;
desert Foxes, 66.

Kingsbury, Jacob, papers, 17, 448;
crosses Chicago Portage, 17, 289;
establishes Fort Belle Fontaine, 154;
contents of letter books, 155-56;
birth of daughter, 158;
court martial proceedings, 162-63;
commends John Whistler, 174;
offered command of Northwestern army, 206;
letter to John Whistler, 288.

Kinzie, Elizabeth, comes to Chicago, 147.

Kinzie, Ellen Marion, marriage, 284.

Kinzie, James, comes to Chicago, 147;
grant to, 359.

Kinzie, John, carries traders across portage, 16, 19;
house at Chicago, 142, 166, 268;
account books, 143, 149, 167, 256, 269, 287, 289, 378-79;
career, 145-52;
kills John La Lime, 149-50;
relations with Jeffrey Nash, 151-52;
dispute with Pattinson, 156;
performs marriage ceremony, 158;
in garrison feud, 172-74;
moves family into Fort Dearborn, 213;
and evacuation of Fort Dearborn, 218-19, 417, 420;
Heald employs horses, 219;
in Fort Dearborn massacre, 222, 227, 230, 232, 385, 420, 429;
losses in massacre, 236, 246, 363-64;
experiences of family after massacre, 246;
urges re-establishment of fort at Chicago, 264;
career at Chicago after 1816, 269-70;
sub-Indian agent, 270, 363;
goods of factory deposited with, 275;
American Fur Company appeals to, 277;
household, 280;
learns of plot against Fort Snelling, 283;
trading operations, 287-88;
invoices furniture of factory, 298;
recognizes Cass's party, 313-14;
helps negotiate treaty, 347;
claims of heirs, 361-65;
tells story of death of Sergeant Hayes, 388;
and story of forged order, 389, 417;
influence over Indians, 390, 419;
writes Heald of Indian hostility, 416;
biography, 444;
family, genealogy, 448.

Kinzie, Mrs. John, marriage, 145-46;
intercedes for Helm, 246;
in Fort Dearborn massacre, 385.

Kinzie, John H., share in Chicago Treaty of 1833, 358, 361-64;
sub-Indian agent, 361, 383;
signs Treaty of Prairie du Chien, 364;
marriage, 383.

Kinzie, Mrs. Juliette A. (John H.), account of Du Sable, 139, 142;
story of Ouilmette, 144;
narrative of April murders, 212;
version of evacuation order, 216;
story of cholera panic, 330-31;
narrative of Fort Dearborn massacre, 379, 382-88, 391, 413;
writings, 448-49.

Kinzie, Maria Indiana, marriage, 322.

Kinzie, Robert, in Fort Dearborn fire, 314;
grants to, 361-64.

"Kinzie's Improvement," 132, 375.

Kirkland, Joseph, interviews Darius Heald, 381;
estimate of _Wau Bun_, 385;
writings, 449.

Knaggs, William, grant to, 346.

Koshkonong, Lake, Black Hawk retreats to, 334.

La Barre, Lefevre de, hostile to La Salle, 35.

La Compt, Mrs., career, 137-38.

La Framboise, Joseph, grant to, 358.

La Framboise, Josette, marriage. 278.

La Framboise, Mrs., statement about Du Sable, 141.

Lahontan, Baron de, maps, 4;
crosses Chicago Portage, 17-18;
writings, 449.

La Lime, John, occupies Kinzie's house, 142;
career, 148-50;
house, 166;
reports Indian depredations, 104;
report of April murders, 212.

La Lime, John [son of above ?], grant to, 347.

Lamb, Charles A., story of Grummo, 239-40.

Land, process of obtaining cessions, 178-79;
Tecumseh's contentions, 190-92, 341;
hunger of whites for, 178, 341.

Langlade, Charles de, captures Pickawillany, 78, 90;
operations against Americans, 90-93;
in attack on St. Louis, 95, 97;
and Du Sable, 139.

La Salle, description of Chicago Portage, 4-11;
uses St. Joseph Portage, 5;
early explorations, 21;
at Chicago, 21-22;
career, 30-36;
survivors of Texan expedition, 37-38;
followers build fort at Chicago, 47;
colony founded on Indian trade, 286.

Latrobe, Charles J., account of Chicago Treaty of 1833, 349-57;
writings, 449.

Latta, James, death, 234.

Laval, Bishop, Pinet appeals to, 39.

Le Claire (Le Clerc), Jean B., grant to, 347.

Le Claire (Le Clerc), Pierre, brings news of war to Fort Dearborn, 214;
grant to, 347;
member of Chicago militia, 431.

Lee, farmer at Chicago, 167;
murders at farm of, 212-13;
evacuation means financial ruin, 218;
captivity of family, 254-55;
member of Chicago militia, 431.

Lee, Lillian, death, 255.

Lee, Mrs., ransomed, 236, 255;
captivity, 254-55.

Le Mai, resident of Chicago, 142;
home of, 166.

Lincoln, Abraham, in Black Hawk War, 323;
nomination, 370.

Lincoln Park, Kennison buried in, 257.

Linctot, expedition of, 92-93.

Lindsay, A.B., closes Chicago factory, 308.

Lipcap, murder of, 311.

Liquor, Burnett needs, 129;
Du Sable's stock, 140;
Indians plied with, at treaties, 178-79;
efforts to suppress traffic vain, 182;
effects on Indians, 182-84, 188-90, 304;
given to Indians, 188;
Prophet forbids use of, 189-90;
destruction of, at Fort Dearborn, 220, 236, 246, 389, 393-94, 406, 410;
drinking at close of Winnebago War, 317;
drinkers victims of cholera, 333, 336;
eagerness of Indians for, 347-48;
Mrs. Heald ransomed with, 412.

Little Turtle, in St. Clair's defeat, 114;
at Fallen Timbers, 120;
contentions at Treaty of Greenville, 123;
at Maumee Rapids, 146;
on evils of liquor-drinking, 184.

Lockwood, James H., attack upon family averted, 311.

Loftus, Major, defeat of expedition, 80.

Logan, Hugh, death, 236, 404.

Logan, James, report of, 3-4, 44, 50.

London, cholera at, 333.

Long, Stephen H., topographical report, 8, 266-67;
expedition of, 281.

Long River, story of, 17-18.

Louisiana, La Salle takes possession, 34;
La Salle the father of, 36;
France loses, 79;
and establishment of Fort Dearborn, 128-29;
court upholds free character of Illinois Territory, 151-52;
revolt discussed, 156;
attacks on settlements proposed, 194.

Louvigny, makes peace with Foxes, 58;
expedition against Foxes, 59, 62-63;
trading project, 127.

Loyalists, anger of patriots for, 106.

Lynch, Michael, death, 246, 433-34.

McAfee, Robert B., version of Black Partridge's warning, 221;
account of Fort Dearborn massacre, 379, 397;
history, 449.

McArthur, Duncan, negotiates treaties, 262.

McClernand, John A., in Black Hawk War, 323.

McCoy, Rev. Isaac, meets cattle drivers, 268;
share in Chicago Treaty of 1821, 345-46;
history, 449.

McHenry, Fort, troops from, sent to Chicago, 328-29.

Mcintosh, Fort, treaty of, 109, 190-91.

McKee, Captain, gives liquor to Indians, 188.

McKenney, Thomas L., Benton's charges against, 305;
cross examines Lindsay, 308;
negotiates treaty, 312.

McKenzie, Elizabeth, story of, 146-47.

McKenzie, Isaac, recovers daughters, 147.

McKenzie, Margaret, story of, 146-47.

McKillip, Mrs. Eleanor, marries John Kinzie, 145-46.
See also Kinzie, Mrs. John.

McKillip, Margaret, marries Lieutenant Helm, 147.
See also Helm, Mrs.

McNeil, John, commander of Fort Dearborn, 282.

McNeil, Mrs. John, half-sister of Franklin Pierce, 282.

McNeil, J. W. S., son of John McNeil, 282.

Mackinac, rendezvous against Foxes, 59;
captured in Pontiac's war, 80;
English reoccupy, 80;
expect assault, 91;
Patrick Sinclair takes command, 94;
last Northwestern post surrendered, 126;
outpost of Americans in Northwest, 128;
dullness of life at, 153;
Indian plot against, 193;
garrison in 1812, 198;
Hull learns of surrender, 209, 215;
Dickson's share in capture, 214, 237;
Hull plans to supply, 214-15;
Dickson leads warriors to, 238;
experience of Healds at, 242;
Jacob B. Varnum winters at, 273-74;
headquarters of American Fur Company, 278;
French post at, 286;
factory at, 295, 298;
garrison changed, 321.

Madison, Fort, factory at, 295.

Mahnawbunnoquah, wife of J. B. Beaubien, 346.

Main Poc, speech on injustice to Indians, 182;
followers threaten Fort Dearborn, 193;
marauding of, 194;
sends news of Hull's reverses, 393.

Maiden, distribution of goods to Indians, 188;
Northwestern Indians visit, 193;
Hull's operations before, 209;
Brock reaches, 210;
Hull hopes for surrender of, 217.

Mann, Mrs., grant to, 358.

Mantet, trading project, 127.

Maps, list of, 450.

Marest, Father, in Fox war, 58.

Marietta, founded, 109;
settlements near, raided, 111.

Marquette, Father, crosses Chicago Portage, 9;
interest in exploration, 22;
founds mission of St. Ignace, 23;
joins Joliet's expedition, 23;
second expedition, 24-29;
death, 28;
Indian traders accompany, 285.

Marsh, Laurie, grant to, 360.

Mascouten Indians, allies of Foxes, 56;
kill Miami squaws, 56-57;
war parties against French, 58;
Huron foray against, 61-62;
desert Foxes, 66.

Mason, Edward G., credits French fort tradition, 43;
describes fort at Chicago, 47;
study of Spanish attack on St. Joseph, 100;
credits story of Job Wright, 259;
account of Fort Dearborn massacre reprinted, 399;
writings, 451.

Massac, Fort, Heald commander of, 402.

Massachusetts, government trading houses, 290.

Matchekewis, joins in attack on St. Louis, 95.

Matson, N., account of Du Sable, 139;
account of captivity of Lee family, 255;
writings, 255, 451.

Maumee City, settlement at, 239.

Maumee Rapids, British build fort at, 118;
settlement at, 145-46;
Hull's army reaches, 209.

Maumee River, Wayne destroys villages on, 117-18;
Cass and Schoolcraft ascend, 343.

Meigs, Fort, Mrs. Simmons reaches, 250.

Meigs, Governor, raises militia for Hull's campaign, 207.

Metea, speech of Cass to, 183;
Pottawatomie orator, 344.

Miami, De la Balme captures, 98.

Miami, Fort, location, 4, 44, 49;
La Salle builds, 31;
captured in Pontiac's war, 80.

Miami Indians, Harmar's expedition against, 110-11;
St. Clair to establish fort among, 112;
villages ravaged, 122;
followers of Wells in Fort Dearborn massacre, 217, 219, 225, 229,
406, 416.

Michigan, settlements in 1812, 196-97;
Hull as governor, 205;
Hull surrenders to British, 210;
panic of settlers in Black Hawk War, 325;
militia in Black Hawk War, 327-28.

Militia, character in 1812, 203-4.

Mills, Elias, captivity, 238-39.

Milwaukee, character of Indian population, 83;
Indians join Spaniards against St. Joseph, 100.

Mirandeau Jean Baptiste, grant to, 362.

Mirandeau, Thomas, grant to, 362.

Mississippi River, Joliet and Marquette descend, 22-23;
Hennepin's exploration planned, 32;
La Salle descends, 34;
Spain seeks exclusive navigation, 105;
Cass descends, 313;
Black Hawk's followers cross, 323, 334;
western boundary of United States, 340.

Missouri Gazette, report of Fort Dearborn massacre in, 393-94.

Moll, Herman, description of Chicago Portage, 3-4;
maps, 4, 450.

Montgomery, John, pursues British, 97.

Montigny, threatens Foxes, 64.

Moreau, Pierre, courier de bois, in Illinois, 25-27.

Morgan, George, urges expedition against Detroit, 84.

Morgan, Moses, workman on second Fort Dearborn, 134;
describes Ouilmette, 145;
story of Fort Dearborn captive, 260-61;
narrative of massacre, 399-401.

Mortt, August, death, 236, 334.

Moses, John, estimate of Mrs. Kinzie's narrative, 382;
history, 451.

Mount Joliet (Monjolly), portage extends to, 11-12, 16;
furs transported between, and Chicago, 289.

Mud Lake, La Salle describes, 6;
passage of, by American Fur Company traders, 14-15;
Cass passes night on, 313.

Murders, of Indians by whites, 180-82;
by Indians in Illinois, 193-94.

Nachitoches, factory at, 295.

Nakewoin, joins Spaniards against St. Joseph, 100.

"Napoleon," transports Michigan militia, 328.

Nash, Jeffrey, case of, 148, 150-52, 450;
articles of indenture, 287.

Navy, in War of 1812, 202-3.

Nayocantay, speech, 320.

Necessity, Fort, capture of, 66.

Needs, John, death, 433-34.

Needs, Mrs. John, fate, 235-36.

New Orleans, cholera at, 329.

Niagara, portage at, 4;
council at, 109;
invasion of Canada from, planned, 205.

Niagara, Fort, garrison changes, 321-22;
troops from, sent to Chicago, 327-28;
troops return to, 338.

Nicolet, Jean, exploration of, 52.

Niles, Fort St. Joseph at, 45;
militia mustered out at, 328;
Carey's Mission near, 345.

Niles' Register, reports of Fort Dearborn massacre in, 392-96.

Noles, Joseph, captivity, 238-39.

Nontagarouche, taunts De Noyelles, 73.