Chapter XXXIII: Appendix (2)

[98] This Memorial was never published officially, and Tzŭ Hsi refrained from issuing a Rescript thereto; it was forwarded by an official with the Court at Hsi-an to one of the vernacular papers at Shanghai, which published it.

[99] A lane four hundred yards north of the glacis which now surrounds the Legation quarter.

[100] Quotation from Confucius.

[101] Tzŭ Hsi was addicted to gentle sarcasm of this kind in Decrees.

[102] Admiral Seymour’s expedition.

[103] See Dr. Smith’s “China in Convulsion,” page 361.

[104] The North Gate of the Imperial City.

[105] At that time Governor-designate of Shensi. He had come north with troops to defend the capital.

[106] Tutor of the Heir Apparent, father-in-law of the Emperor T’ung-Chih, his daughter, the Empress Chia-Shun (A-lu-te), had committed suicide in 1875 (_vide supra_).

[107] An allusion to Kuang-Hsü’s order for Jung Lu’s summary execution in September 1898.

[108] See biographical note, _infra_ (Appendix).

[109] Deceased, 26th August 1910.

[110] As he had done for Tzŭ Hsi’s son, the Emperor T’ung-Chih.

[111] Amongst Chinese officials no characteristic is more common than their jealousy of each other and their promiscuous habit of backbiting and slandering.

[112] It was because of Tung Fu-hsiang’s great popularity in Kansu that Her Majesty, fearing another rebellion, hesitated to order his execution.

[113] This sentence is equivalent to imprisonment for life.

[114] See Ching Shan’s Diary, page 258; also cf. page 324.

[115] The Empress Dowager was from the outset most anxious to screen and protect this official, for whom she had a great personal regard. On reviewing his case in the light of later information and current public opinion, it would appear that most of his actions were instigated, if not ordered, by Kang Yi, and that the decision of the foreign Ministers to insist upon his death was taken without any very definite information as to his share of guilt.

[116] In accordance with prescribed custom.

[117] He was directly descended from Nurhachu, the conqueror of the Mings.

[118] This was no empty boast. Yü Hsien, cold-blooded fanatic that he was, bore a most honourable name for absolute integrity and contempt for wealth. He died in poverty, so miserable, that amongst all his clothes there was not one suit new enough to be fittingly used for his burial robes. His name is still held in high honour by the people of Shansi, who sing the praises of his Governorship, and who claim that his proud spirit it was which protected their Province from being invaded by the foreigners. They erected a shrine to his memory, but it was demolished to appease the foreign Powers.

[119] The Chinese rendering of a German name.

[120] This is the Chinese date; the day of the audience was the 4th September.

[121] Wen T’i had been a censor in 1898, but was cashiered by the Emperor for being reactionary. Tzŭ Hsi restored him to favour after the _coup d’état_.

[122] Precisely the same quotation was used by Ch’ung Hou in a despatch to the British Minister (Mr. Wade) in 1861, under somewhat similar circumstances. Since that date the most frequent criticism of foreign observers on the subject has been “_plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose_.”

[123] The literal translation of the Chinese is, “She has eaten her meal at sunset, and worn her clothes throughout the night.”

[124] Ginseng, the specific remedy of the Chinese pharmacopœia for debility, supposed to possess certain magical qualities when grown in shapes resembling the human form or parts thereof. The best kind, supplied as tribute to the Throne, grows wild in Manchuria and Corea.

[125] This house-law was made by the Emperor Ch’ien Lung to prevent his Court officials from intriguing for the favour of the Heir Apparent.

[126] The chief eunuch in reality objected to the Buddhist pontiff on his own account, for the Lama’s exactions from the superstitious would naturally diminish his own opportunities.

[127] He had succeeded Jung Lu as custodian of the mausolea.

[128] The Imperial Mausoleum lies about ninety miles to the east of Peking, covering a vast enclosure of magnificent approach and decorated with splendid specimens of the best style of Chinese architecture. It consists of four palaces, rising one behind the other, and at the back of the fourth and highest stands the huge mound classically termed the “Jewelled Citadel,” under which lies the spacious grave chamber.

[129] _Vide_ Biographical Note in the Appendix.

[130] 2nd January, 1909.

[131] _Vide_ the Diary of Ching Shan, page 259.

[132] Grant Richards, 1901.

[133] Two patriarchial rulers of China (B.C. _circa_ 2300) whose wise principles of government were immortalised by Confucius.

[134] _With the Empress Dowager of China_ (Eveleigh Nash, 1906).

[135] Since the days of the Emperor Ch’ien-Lung, these expenses have averaged some forty millions of taels per annum. _Vide_ “_The Times_,” special article, 7th Dec., 1909.

[136] The nucleus of this hoard was the money confiscated from the usurping Regent Su Shun in 1861.

[137] An account of his life was given in a memoir published by _The Times_ on the 6th October, 1909.

[138] _Vide supra_, Chapter I., page 12.

[139] It has remained thus in many districts until now, vast solitudes of ruins being the chief characteristic of a region that, before the rebellion, supported some thirty million inhabitants.

[140] Subsequently Governor of Formosa.

INDEX

Actors, Palace, 86, 87, 492

Admiralty, _vide_ Navy

Adviser to the Government, _vide_ Prince Kung; also Prince Ch’un

Adviser to the Regency, _vide_ Prince Ch’un

Aisin Gioros, 4, 6, 167

A-Lu-Te, Empress, 118-132-162
suicide of, 129, 350

Ancestor worship, 134, 328, 473-4

Ancestral shrines, 167

Ancestral tablet, 470, 473-4

Annals of dynasty, _vide_ Dynastic

Annam, 505

Anti-foreign movement, 230, 305, 334, 336;
also _vide_ Boxer movement

An Wei-chun, 171

Astrologers, 387, 471, 485-6

Audiences, procedure at, 58, 75, 77, 103, 111, 113, 188, 408, 412, 452

Banishment, _vide_ Post-roads

Baron von Ketteler, 271, 273, 278, 288, 305, 316, 330, 332, 384

“Benign Countenance,” 53

Berlin, mission to, 383-386

Big Sword Society, 255

Birthday celebrations, 168, 450-1

Black List, 1900, 104

Blood brotherhood, 206, 361

Board of Punishments, 227

Board of Rites, 190, 192, 197, 207

Bombardment of Peking, 297, 344

Book of Odes, quoted, 265

Boxer chiefs, 281, 323, 331, 363, 369-374

Boxer movement, 82, 100, 180, 195, 228, 243, 246-250, 260 to 303,
311-12, 364, 440, 512

British Minister, 215, 228, 241, 503

British Policy, 214-5, 339

Brooks, Revd., 255

Bruce, Sir F., 24

Burial Ceremonies, 17, 19, 61-2, 136, 149, 465, 470, 475

Burning of Legations, 263, 364

Burying Alive, 147, 472

Caligraphy, Edict _re_, 195

Cantonese, lampooners, 84, 225, 491
reformers, 100, 185, 219, 220, 225, 418

Capture of Peking, 1860, 17 _et seq._

Carl, Miss, 290, 492

Censorate, 86, 88, 122, 147, 163, 172, 195, 305, 488, 492, 494, 501,
512
and eunuchs, 82, 109

Chang Chih-tung, 140, 220, 278, 353, 398, 429, 483, 501-6

Chang Yin-huan, 173, 185, 202, 220-1, 228

Chao, Duke, 6

Chao Erh-hsün, 159

Chao Kuang-yin, Emperor, 133

Chao Shu-ch’iao, 256, 258, 269, 298, 324, 357, 364, 366-9, 370

Cheng, Prince, _vide_ Tuan Hua

Ch’en Lien-fang, Dr., 216-19

Ch’en Pao-chen, 186, 196

Ch’en Tu-en, 53

Chia Ch’ing, Emperor, 247

Chia Hsun, Empress, _vide_ A-Lu-Te

Chief Eunuch, _vide_ Eunuchs

Ch’ien Lung, Emperor, 45, 83, 149, 164, 350, 442, 445

Ch’i Hsiu, 260-1, 264-5, 295, 314, 324, 367, 374

Chi Lu, Chamberlain, 361, 402, 415

China’s Foreign Policy, 338

Chinese Resident in Corea, 171, 201

Ching Hsin, 252

Ch’ing, Prince, 99, 104, 256, 259, 271, 278, 334, 342, 372, 374, 384,
438, 447, 450, 456, 473

Ching Shan, 224, 251-303, 327, 413, 478
death of, 251

Ching Yüan-shan, 219

Chi Shou-ch’eng, 255-6, 260, 272, 286, 291

Ch’i Ying, Envoy, 12, 502

Chou Dynasty, 315

Chou Tsu-p’ei, 41

Christianity, 105, 248, 260, 268, 313, 336, 392, 461, 505

Christians massacred, 282, 286, 292, 331, 415

Chuang, Prince, 270, 273, 282, 286, 357, 365, 370

Chu Hung-teng, 311

Ch’ung Ch’i, 118, 350, 351

Ch’ung Hou, 419, 501-2

Chung Li, 257

Ch’un, House of, 5, 158, 164, 446

Ch’un, Prince (brother of Kuang Hsü), 5, 302, 383, 444, 446, 451,
458, 462

Ch’un, Prince (the first), 5, 99, 121-2, 125, 130, 143, 158-65, 167,
446
adviser to Grand Council, 160
death of, 166

Clan Imperial, _vide_ Imperial

Classical essays, _vide_ Examinations

Coast Defences, 100, 328

“Cobbler’s Wax” Li, _vide_ Li Lien-ying

“Cold Palace,” 32, 149

Colleges, 194, 196, 205, 222, 429, 461, 493

Concubines, Palace, 9, 107, 162, 209, 225, 231, 300, 408, 429 (also
_vide_ under “Pearl” and “Lustrous”)

Conferences, Palace, 125-6, 297, 457

Confucian system, 64, 136, 213, 226-7, 236, 245, 307, 328, 363, 488,
512

Confucius, 83, 469, 484-5
quoted, 113, 260, 288, 302, 319, 420

Conger, Mrs., 290, 488

Conservative Party, 194, 197, 201-10, 221, 229, 235

Conspiracy of Regents, _vide_ Tsai Yuan

Constitutional Government, 106, 221, 425, 431, 438, 441, 450, 461,
468, 498

Consular Service, British, 339

Corea, 168, 170, 201, 390

Council, Grand, _vide_ Grand

_Coup d’état_, 169 _et seq._, 201-210, 213, 438, 451, 505, 511

Court Ceremonies, 58, 75, 130, 153, 168, 178, 206, 208, 212, 218,
355, 412, 450, 462, 492

Court in exile, 97, 344

Court of Astronomers, 34, 117, 493

Court physicians, 217-8, 448, 457

Court’s return to Peking, 353, 357, 394, 399, 404-11, 486

Criminal Code, 431

Czar’s Coronation, 182

Dalai Lama, 448, 452, 454-5

Decrees:—
1860: 24, 26, 27, 28, 29
1861: 34, 42, 44, 45, 46, 54, 60
1864: 67, 86
1865: 60, 62
1866: 89
1869: 92, 93
1872: (T’ung Chih’s majority), 117
1873: (Foreign Ministers’ audiences), 115
1874: (T’ung Chih’s illness), 120
1884: (Dismissal of Prince Kung), 154
1889: (Position of Emperor’s father), 164
1894: (Tzŭ Hsi’s 60th birthday), 168
(_Re_ Censor An Wei-chun), 175
1898: (Death of Prince Kung), 183
(Chinese _versus_ Manchus), 231
(Coup d’état), 207, 221
(K’ang Yu-wei), 204, 226
(Reform Edicts), 186-7, 196-7, 199
(_Re_ lawsuits), 240
(The Boxers charter), 241, 243
(Tzŭ Hsi’s policy), 237
(Weng T’ung-ho), 188
(Yüan Shih-k’ai), 203
1900: (Heir Apparent), 303
(Boxers Punished), 364, 367
(Disowning Boxers), 331
(Expiatory), 349
(Flight to Hsi-an), 354
(Return to Peking), 357
(Yangtsze Viceroys), 330
1901: (Conversion to Reform), 419-424, 426
(Cancels Boxer Edicts), 375
(Penitential), 376
1902: (_Re_ Jung Lu), 414
(Reforms), 416
1903: (Death of Jung Lu), 437
1905: (Constitutional Government), 431-2
1908: (Death of Kuang Hsü), 460
(Imperial Succession), 462
(Regency), 465
(Tzŭ Hsi’s Valedictory), 467-9
(Valedictory), 461

Déthève, Dr., 217

Diplomatic Body, 241, 265, 335, 401, 412-3, 452, 495
ladies of, 214, 241, 290, 412, 434, 495

District magistrates, 199, 205, 235, 240, 243, 441

“Divine Mother,” 240

Du Chaylard, 268

Dynastic annals, 338, 437, 477

Edicts, _vide_ Decrees

Educational Reform, 430, 505

Elephant, Tzŭ Hsi’s, 454

Elgin, Lord, 12, 24-5

Emperor of Japan, telegram to, 333, 335, 337

Emperor of Russia, telegram to, 333, 335

Emperor’s education, 87, 107, 127, 233

Empress Consort (Tzŭ An), _vide_ Tzŭ An

Empress Dowager, _vide_ Tzŭ Hsi, and Yehonala

Empress Dowager, widow of Kuang Hsü (Lung Yü), 4, 301, 447, 464-5

Empress Grand Dowager (Tzŭ Hsi), 464

Empress Mother, 35, 150, 177

Empress of Kuang Hsü, 163, 177, 209, 301, 346, 447

Empress of the East, _vide_ Tzŭ An

Empress of the West, _vide_ Tzŭ Hsi

En Hai, 271, 288, 305

En Ming, En Ch’u, En Ch’un, En Lin, sons of Ching Shan, 251-303

Etiquette, _vide_ Audiences, Ceremonies, Court, &c.

Eunuchs, place of origin, 85
all Manchus, 429
Chief Eunuch An Te-hai, 38, 63, 85, 88, 90 _et seq._, 122, 154, 259
Li Lien-ying, 82, 84-5, 94-5, 97-8, 208, 267, 300, 453, 472
and Dalai Lama, 448
and Pearl Concubine, 300
and the Navy funds, 169, 196
at Hsi-an, 355, 360
collecting tribute, 402
corrupt practices of, 353, 495
denounced by Censor, 174
during flight of Court, 341
hostility to Emperor of, 100, 179, 199
in disgrace, 102
power of, 103, 151, 162, 360, 435
supports Boxers, 258, 263, 279
Wei Chung, 83
Decree against, 89
duties at audiences, 85
Eunuch Sun, 184, 356
evil influences of, 81 _et seq._, 119, 494
Memorial denouncing, 107
under K’ang Hsi, 83
under Ming dynasty, 81, 152, 466

European morals, &c., 111, 268

Ever-victorious army, 66

Examinations, system of, 180, 187, 190, 192, 235-6, 429, 484

Extra-territoriality, 430

Flight of Court (1860), 18, 27
(1900), 300, 302, 340-62

Foot-binding, Edict _re_, 428

Foreign Office, _vide_ Waiwupu and Tsungli Yamên

French Cathedral, Peking, destroyed, 276, 293

Funeral of Hsien-Feng, 38, 61
Jung Lu, 437
Tzŭ Hsi, 465, 470-5, 515
T’ung Chih, 501

Gendarmerie, Peking, 150, 276

German Emperor, 384

German Minister, _vide_ Baron von Ketteler

Giers, de, Mr., 336

Ginseng, 441

Goddess of Mercy, Tzŭ Hsi as, 455

Gordon, General, 11, 66, 67, 73

Government Gazette, _vide_ Official

Grand Council, 44, 159, 266, 275, 297, 464

Gros, Baron, 25

Han dynasty, 52, 391

Hanlin academy, 282, 293, 483

Hanlin diarist (1860), 14 _et seq._

Hart, Sir R., 510

“Heavenly King,” _vide_ Hung Hsiu-ch’uan

Heir Apparent, 253, 255, 257, 274-8, 281, 289, 303-4, 349, 358-9,
360, 381, 451, 457, 511
deposed, 382

Hereditary rank, 56

Hillier, Sir W., 171

Hills, Eastern, 471

Honan fu, Court at, 399

Honorific titles, Tzŭ Hsi’s, 55, 469, 490

Household, Imperial, _vide_ Imperial

House laws, dynastic, 90, 119, 122, 128, 133, 143, 159, 174, 381,
444, 462

Hsi-an, Court at, 101, 108, 354-5, 358, 492, 496

Hsien-Feng, Emperor, 2, 8, 11, 467
at Jehol, 23, 24, 30
burial, 61, 472
death of, 35, 85
eunuchs under, 85
heir born to, 12
tomb of, 149

Hsüan-hua fu, Court at, 342, 346
Prefect of, 247

Hsüan-T’ung, Emperor, 444, 459, 462

Hsü Ching-ch’eng, 269, 281, 291-2, 294, 307-26, 377

Hsü Shih-ch’ang, 6-7

Hsü Shih-ch’ing, 221

Hsü T’ung, 180-1, 253, 257, 263, 270, 302, 324, 366, 511

Hsü Ying-ku’ei, 190, 197, 202, 207, 232, 246

Hsü Yung-yi, 296

Huai-lai, Court at, 340-3

Huai Ta Pu, 194, 197, 202, 207

Hui Chang, 230

Hui Cheng (Tzŭ Hsi’s father), 2

Hundred Days, the, 213

Hung Hsiu-ch’uan, 67, 69, 71-3

“I-cheng-wang,” 56, 60

I-Ho Yüan, _vide_ Summer Palace

Ili, Russians at, 112, 181, 501-3

Imperial Clan Court, 32, 44, 48, 213

Imperial Clans, 122, 187, 267, 325, 326, 418, 425, 447, 481

Imperial Clansmen, 40, 47, 54, 60, 91, 123, 158, 212, 326, 429

Imperial Commissioner, 370

Imperial Decrees, _vide_ Decrees

Imperial Guards, 38

Imperial Household, tribute to, 86, 97, 99, 104, 359, 361
accounts of, 87, 103, 495
Comptrollers of, 87-8, 121, 151, 251, 259, 457
eunuchs in, 81 _et seq._

Imperial Succession, _vide_ Succession

Imperial Tombs, _vide_ Tombs

Incantations of Boxers, 279, 315

Inspector General of Customs, 170, 510

Intermarriage, Chinese and Manchus, 428, 491

International jealousies, 333, 392

Iron-capped princes, 2, 6, 182

Ito, Prince, 391, 438

Jade, Emperor, 258, 270

Jadot, Monsieur, 407, 410-11

James, Professor, 272

Japan, war with, _vide_ Wars

Jehol, Court at, 14 _et seq._, 27, 439, 484
Imperial Treasures at, 301
Su Shun’s Palace at, 45
Tsai Yüan conspiracy at, 30-40

Judicial reform, 430, 461

Jung Lu, 121, 124
and Eunuch An Te-hai, 85, 104
and Legations, 224, 266, 285
and Reformers, 221, 223, 231, 440
and Tsai Yüan Conspiracy, 32, 37, 40
and Weng T’ung-ho, 181
at T’ai-Yüan fu, 350, 352
audience with Kuang Hsü, 185
commander-in-chief, 222, 302, 352
death of, 415
his corrupt practices, 352
his daughter, 302, 447, 458
his wives, 274, 352, 458, 493
illness of, 404
in disgrace, 150-1
intimacy with Yehonala, 8, 225
opposes Boxers, 195, 224, 246, 260, 266, 440
relations with Emperor, 295, 352
with foreigners, 334, 413
restored, 168
Tartar General, Hsi-an, 103, 168, 440
telegram to Yangtsze Viceroys, 277
Tzŭ Hsi’s adviser, 224, 246, 297, 354, 387, 413
valedictory memorial, 438-442
Viceroy of Chihli, 188, 440
withholds artillery from Boxers, 284, 291

Kai-Feng, Court at, 104

K’ang-Hsi, Emperor, 37, 48, 74, 146, 190, 268, 346

Kang Yi, 178, 195, 241, 256-300, 354, 365

K’ang Yu-wei, 2, 8, 84, 184
character of, 192
flight from Peking, 204
plot against Tzŭ Hsi, 198, 225, 244, 293, 421, 440, 445, 511

Kansuh soldiery, 251, 262, 271, 276, 316, 360, 509

Kashgar, fall of, 509

Kauffmann, General, 508

Ketteler, _vide_ Baron von

Kiaochao Bay, seizure of, 193, 390

Ko Pao-hua, 365, 370

Kotow, 111

“Kow-hsing,” s.s., 171

Kuang Hsü, Emperor, minority of, 51, 128, 149
and eunuchs, 82, 85, 110
a prisoner, 207, 211
assumes government, 161, 439
at Hsi-an fu, 358
character of, 105, 143
death of, 128, 443, 460
education of, 127, 152
elected by Tzŭ Hsi, 126, 129, 439
foreign sympathy for, 241
funeral of, 471, 473
his brothers, 386, 515
his concubines, 163
his consort, 163, 177, 209, 301, 346
his disposition, 179, 358, 415
his mother, 166
majority of, 164
marriage of, 161
opposed to Boxers, 269
personal appearance of, 218, 359
physical defects, 128
plots against Tzŭ Hsi, 198, 202
relations with Chang Chih-tung, 278
Heir Apparent, 281
Jung Lu, 352
Pearl Concubine, 300
Reformers, 181, 424
proposed deposition of, 252, 257, 274
relations with Tzŭ Hsi, 176, 438, 449
sickness of, 216, 383, 443-4, 448, 459
succession to, 462

Kuanshih, Court at, 340

Kuan Wen, 68

Kuei Ching, 119, 121

Kuei Hsiang, Duke, 6, 161, 209, 415

Kuei Liang, 24-5, 41

Kuei Pao, 120

Kung, Duke, 357

Kung, Prince (candidate for Throne, 1908), 5, 458

Kung, Prince (son of Tao-Kuang), 20, 126, 178
Adviser to the Government, 56, 154
assists Yehonala against Tsai Yuan, 33 _et seq._
at Jehol, 32
death of, 183
degraded, 59, 155
his daughter, Princess Imperial, 56, 95
in retirement, 157
plenipotentiary, 27-29
quarrels with Tzŭ Hsi, 95, 149, 488
re-instated, 61, 63

K’un Ming Lake, 178, 204

Lake Palace, 206

Lan-chou fu, 372, 396, 509

Lan, Duke, _vide_ Tsai Lan

Lawsuits, edict _re_, 239

Legation Guards, 256, 313, 332

Legations at Peking, 110, 214, 263, 271 _et seq._, 298, 433

Liang Ch’i-ch’ao, 196, 208, 327, 505

Liao Shou-heng, 178, 185

Li Ching-fang, 173

Lien Yuan, 296

Li Hsiu-ch’eng, 69, 71-73

Li Hung-chang, 76-7, 99, 100, 123, 170, 172, 176, 192, 201, 239,
336, 384, 387-9, 434, 501, 505
death of, 399

Li Hung-tsao, 156, 180, 193

Li Lien-ying, _vide_ Eunuchs

Lin Hsü, Reformer, 202, 205

Li Ping-heng, 102, 246, 286, 292, 293-4, 297, 343, 348, 366, 505

Li, Prince, 157, 178, 262, 271, 275, 292

Li Shan, 269, 285, 296

Literati, 213, 235, 398, 418, 425, 492, 502

Li Tuan-fen, 202, 228-9

Liu Kuang-ti, 202

Liu K’un-yi, Viceroy, 220, 233, 274-5, 279, 327, 334, 395

Li Wan-ts’ai, 69

Lu Ch’uan-lin, 354, 358-9, 458

Lü, Empress, 52

Lü Hai-huan, 385

Lung Yü, Empress, 150, 177, 301, 464-5

“Lustrous” Concubine, 163, 408, 452

Magic arts of Boxers, 247, 261, 279

Mahomedan rebellion, 74, 117, 321, 503, 507-509

Ma Hsin-yi, 78

Manchu Field Force, 131, 167, 305
Clansmen, 4, 268
soldiery, 182, 228, 271

Manchurian provinces, 170, 176, 396, 490, 503, 507

Manchus _versus_ Chinese, 166, 230, 270, 421, 427, 477

Masquerades, _vide_ Palace Theatricals

Mausolea, _vide_ Tombs

Ma Yu-k’un, General, 302, 343

Memorials:—
An Wei-chun, 172
Censorate, 271
Hsü Ying-ku’ei, 192
Hui Chang, 230
Jung Lu, 350, 436, 438-42
Li Hung-chang, 389
Li Tuan-fen, 229
Prince Ch’un, 165, 384
_Re_ Eunuchs, 86, 88, 107
Southern Viceroys, 394-5
Tseng Quo-fan, 72, 74
Wu K’o-tu, 110 _et seq._, 142-7
Yüan Ch’ang and Hsü Ching-ch’eng, 292-3, 307-26
Yü Lu, Viceroy, 264

Mencius, quoted, 111, 163, 187, 273, 284, 287-8, 514

Military reorganisation, 194, 228, 386

Ming dynasty, 144, 186, 246, 253, 312, 428, 431, 466

Mining Bureau, Peking, 196

Ministers, foreign, _vide_ Diplomatic Body

Missionaries, 78, 241, 255, 287, 292, 318, 329, 415, 505, 513

Mission to Berlin, 383-386
abroad (1905), 431

Morrison, Dr., _vide_ “Times”

Muyanga, 2, 9

Nanking re-captured, 48, 66 _et seq._

Na T’ung, 31, 264-5, 285, 296

Navy funds, 98
naval reorganisation, 163, 167, 196, 386, 503

Ning Shou Palace, 301, 403, 496

Niuhulu, 7, 10

North and South factions, 180 _et seq._

Nurhachu, 1, 4, 5, 371, 429

“Ocean Terrace,” 207, 455, 460

Official Gazettes, 196, 204, 222

Old Buddha, _vide_ Tzŭ Hsi, also Yehonala

Opium smoking (Tzŭ Hsi), 411, 496, 504
abolition of, 430, 497, 509

Palace eunuchs, _vide_ Eunuchs
orgies, 90, 120
politics, 4, 184, 231, 353
Theatricals, 87, 88, 256, 356, 400, 454-5

Palace harem, 9, 162, 408, 429

P’an Tsu-yin, 180

Pao-Ting Fu, Court at, 405

Pao Yun, 147, 156

Parkes (Sir), Harry, 16, 21, 271

Peace negotiations, 342, 356, 381, 400

Peace protocol, 357, 364, 376, 383, 398, 401, 478

Pearl Concubine, 163, 209, 300, 403

Peking, capture of (1860), 14, 22
bombardment (1900), 297

Peking University, 187, 194

P’eng Yu-lin, 68

Penitential Decree, 376
Mission, 384-6

Phœnix flag, 92

“P’i Hsiao,” Li, _vide_ Li Lien-ying (under eunuchs)

Plot against Tzŭ Hsi, 225

Po Ch’un, 31

Police, Peking, 6, 512

Port Arthur, 99

Portrait of Tzŭ Hsi, 290, 483

Portsmouth Treaty, 506

Post-roads, banishment to, 176, 209, 228

Press Bureau, Shanghai, 204, 511

Press, native, 109, 196, 229, 433, 477, 491
foreign, 433, 448

Princess Imperial, 178, 262, 493

Privy Purse, 40, 45, 98, 162, 353, 355, 495

P’u Chün, _vide_ Heir Apparent

P’u Lun, Prince, 5, 122-3, 125, 300, 342, 446-7, 458-9

P’u T’ung, Prince, 361

P’u Yi (Emperor Hsuan T’ung), 444, 459, 462

Railway journey, Court’s, 401, 404-11, 414

Reactionaries, _vide_ Conservatives

Rebellion, _vide_ Taiping, Mahomedan, &c.

Red Girdles, _vide_ Aisin Gioros

Reform Decrees, 185-200
Repeal of, 209, 222

Reform Movement, 108, 169, 190-215, 220, 230, 418, 424, 430, 441, 469

Regency, Joint of Empresses Dowager, 4, 44, 51 _et seq._, 65, 94,
117, 118, 121, 127, 468

Regency of Tsai Yuan, 30 _et seq._, 42, 439

Regency of Tzŭ Hsi, 148 _et seq._, 180

Regent, Prince Ch’un (1908), 5, 447, 458-9, 462, 473

Relief of Legations, 298, 334

Republic, Chinese, 245

Revolutionary Movement, 194, 227, 237, 245, 249, 457

Rewards for killing Europeans, 100, 271, 276, 281, 285, 331, 365

Russian Policy, 23, 82, 171, 176, 181, 336, 396, 434, 502-3

Russians at Ili, 112, 181, 501-3

Sakota, 9, 61

Schools, _vide_ Colleges

Scrolls, honorific, &c., 372-3, 451, 506

Seal, Imperial, 33, 35, 40, 42

Seng-Ko-Lin Ch’in, Prince, 15, 20, 21, 25, 28

Seymour, Admiral, 332

Shansi, Court in, 346
Yu Hsien, Governor of, 373

Shao Yu-lien, 173

Shen Chin, Reformer, 490

Sheng Hsüan-huai, 407

Sheng Pao, General, 20, 391, 484

Shensi, famine in, 105, 416
Rebellion in, 117

Shih Hsü, 458

Shimonoseki Treaty, 391

Shun-Chih, Emperor, 37, 83, 133, 146

Siege of Nanking, 68-9, 71
Su-Chou fu, 507

Silkworms, God of, 206

Small-pox, 120

Southern provinces and Reform, 169, 185, 219, 229, 253, 418, 490

Southern Viceroys, 277, 329, 359, 394-5, 506

“Spring and Autumn” Classic, 288, 318, 514

Squeezing by officials, 495, 510

Students, 178, 430, 457

Succession, Imperial, 5, 115, 119, 122, 128, 129, 132, 134, 141, 304,
381, 444, 462, 487

Sugiyama, 262

Suicide, patriotic, 134

Summer Palace, burnt by Allies, 20, 42, 389
rebuilding of, 99, 128, 168, 356, 493
Tzŭ Hsi’s life at, 198, 301, 451

Sun Chia-nai, 253, 358, 510-12

Sung Ch’ing, General, 350

Sung dynasty, 133, 143, 190, 236, 391

Sung, Eunuch, 300

Sung Po-lu, Censor, 190, 195, 208

Sung Yu-lien, 204

Sun Yat-sen, Dr., 227

Sun Yu-wen, 157

Su Shun, usurping Regent, 30 _et seq._, 48, 156, 496

Ta-A-Ko, _vide_ Heir Apparent

Ta Chi, Concubine, 225

Taiping rebellion, 11, 37, 48, 64-80, 276, 321, 467, 485, 492, 513

Tai-Tsung, Empress, 37

T’ai-Yüan fu, Court at, 348, 496

Taku Forts, 264, 323, 327, 333

T’an Chung-lin, Viceroy, 245

T’ang dynasty, 141, 216, 347

Tang Shao-yi, 82, 496

T’an Su-t’ung, Reformer, 202, 245

T’an Ting-hsiang, Viceroy, 24

Tao-Kuang, Emperor, 8, 122, 184, 251, 291, 458
his widow, 11

T’ao Mo, Viceroy, 107-8

Taxation, system of, 441

Temple of Heaven, 445

“The Chinese Crisis from Within,” 2, 477

Tientsin, fighting at, 282, 289, 290, 325

Tientsin massacre, 76-7

Tien Ts’ung, Emperor, 1

_Times_ correspondent, Peking, 82, 446, 488

_Times_, The, quoted, 216, 219, 389, 404-11, 471-75, 495, 501

Ting, Admiral, 99

Ting Pao-chen, 91-3

T’ing Yung, 247

Tombs, Imperial, 150, 471, 473, 487
Hsien-Feng’s, 61, 149
T’ung-Chih’s, 136
Tzŭ Hsi’s, 456

Tongking, 154, 166

Train-bands, 242-3, 248, 253

Transvaal war, 289

Treasure in Palace, 301, 347, 403

Treaties, Commercial, 111, 383

Treaty of Livadia, 502-3
of Portsmouth, 506
of Shimonoseki, 391
of Tientsin, 23, 114

Trial of Reformers, 220

Tribute, provincial, 97, 104, 359, 361, 398, 402, 452, 496

Troops, Chihli, 75, 78, 182, 197

Tsai Ch’u, Prince, 213

Tsai Feng, _vide_ Prince Ch’un

Tsai Lan, Duke, 100, 251-2, 261-3, 270, 272, 292, 294, 360, 364

Tsai Lien, “Beileh,” 252, 282

Tsai Tsê, Duke, 431

Tsai Tun, Duke, 49

Tsai Ying, “Beileh,” 252, 282

Tsai Yüan, Prince, 21, 27, 30
Chief Regent, 36
conspiracy of, 3, 30 _et seq._, 212, 492
death of, 47

Ts’en Ch’un-hsüan, 101, 347-8, 355, 359, 360, 370

Tseng Kuo-ch’uan, 68

Tseng Kuo-fan, Viceroy, 11, 28, 37, 64, 80, 223, 483, 492, 502, 507

Tseng, Marquis, 64, 79, 99

Tseng Tzu, 146

Tso Tsung-t’ang, 64, 138, 140, 483, 503, 507-510

Tsungli Yamên, 42, 60, 190, 278, 334

Tuan Fang, 4, 119, 287, 454, 465, 512, 515

Tuan Hua, Prince, 21, 30 _et seq._, 49, 439

Tuan, Prince (Boxer), 100, 224, 251-303, 364
his wife, 343
in banishment, 365
relations with Tzŭ Hsi, 273, 283, 291, 343
son of, Heir Apparent, 253, 303-4

Tu Mu, 146

T’ung-Chih, Emperor, 35, 52, 54, 84, 115, 119, 467, 487
death of, 121, 439
funeral and burial of, 135, 138
marries A-Lu-Te, 118, 494
succession to, 130, 303, 382, 458, 461-2, 487
unborn heir of, 122

Tung Fu-hsiang, General, 261-2, 272, 281, 284-5, 288, 316, 323, 350,
362, 366, 509

T’ung Wen College, 493

T’ung Yŭan-ch’un, Censor, 38, 43

Tun, Prince, 2, 131, 251

Turkestan, 221, 229, 365, 502

Tzŭ An (Empress Dowager, of the East), 35, 55, 75, 92, 94, 118,
121, 148-9
and A-Lu-Te, 121
and Prince Kung, 93
Co-Regent with Tzŭ Hsi, 44, 475
death of, 152
tomb of, 472, 487
valedictory decree, 152

Tzŭ Hsi, Empress Dowager, (_see also_ Yehonala)
appoints Kuang Hsü’s successor, 252, 257, 382
burial and tomb of, 150, 470-5, 515
charm of manner, 215, 478, 497
compared with Napoleon, 486
compared with Queen Elizabeth, 160, 166, 481, 498
contemplates suicide, 297
courage, 285, 487, 488
death of, 464-7, 498
despotic nature, 57, 184
diet and habits, 356, 411, 496
Empress Dowager and Co-Regent, 35, 44, 51 _et seq._
extravagance, 189, 198, 228, 494
feminine vanity, 496
fits of rage, 94, 259, 265, 281, 289, 294, 300, 480, 489, 497
flies from Peking, 296-7, 340 _et seq._
fond of painting, 259, 285
gentleness, 53, 239, 259, 480
her eunuchs, 81 _et seq._, 90, 95-6, 198, 267, 289, 300
her favourites, 91, 96, 102, 293, 364, 483
her private fortune, 81, 301, 495
her Privy Purse, 40, 45, 98, 162, 301, 398, 434
her sisters, 11, 123, 126, 179
impartiality, 231, 484
inconsistency, 257
indecision, 260, 328, 387
in retirement, 161
kindness of heart, 282, 286, 358, 478, 481, 489
last words, 466
life at summer palace, 157, 161-2, 198, 288
love of literature, 492-3
love of theatre, 88, 91, 256, 259, 356, 400, 454-5, 492
names and titles of, 13, 55, 469, 490
opium smoking, 411, 496
parentage, childhood and education, 2, 7, 8-9
penitent, 337, 383, 389, 392, 416-7, 445
personal appearance, 359
policy towards Manchus, 231
political activity, 239, 244
prestige of 469, 488
profligacy of Court, 84, 189, 203, 225, 244, 481
quarrels with Co-Regent, 94, 148-9
rebukes the Censors, 166
receives wives of foreign Ministers, 214, 290, 401, 412, 434, 495
reform policy, 375, 389, 394, 416, 420, 425
relations with Boxers, 250-300, 358, 364, 419
relations with Jung Lu, _vide_ Jung Lu
relations with Kuang Hsü, 176, 438, 449
relations with Legations, 291, 328, 401
relations with Prince Kung, 57 _et seq._, 91 _et seq._
relations with Prince Tuan, 278, 283, 291, 328, 343
seventieth birthday, 227
sickness of, 443, 455-6
sixtieth birthday, 167, 510
statecraft, 52, 237, 327
superstitious nature, 65, 279, 387, 409, 456, 481, 485, 487
thrifty instincts, 45, 105, 405, 434, 481, 495
Tsai Yuan conspiracy, 30 _et seq._
vindictiveness, 44, 243, 305, 490
violates succession laws, 43, 126, 132, 445, 487
woman of moods, 62, 259

Vernacular Press, _vide_ Press

Victoria, Queen, 333, 337, 448, 492

Wang Chao, Reformer, 197, 232, 449

Wang Wen-shao, 194, 247, 278, 298, 340, 342, 354, 402

Wan Li, Emperor, 1

War, with England and France (1860), 14 _et seq._
of Boxers, 266
Russo-Japanese, 506
with France, 154, 166, 505
with Japan, 98, 157, 167-8, 170, 180, 249, 510

Wei Chung, Eunuch, 83

Weihaiwei, 99, 390

“Wen Ching,” 2, 477, 479

Weng T’ung-ho, 151, 156-7, 178 _et seq._, 233-5, 505, 510

Wen Hsi, 120

Wen Lien, 282, 289, 298, 301

Wen T’i, Censor, 194, 400

Western learning, 187, 191, 199

White Lily sect, 247, 311, 321

Winter Palace, 198, 260

Women, in the Palace, 232
not allowed with army, 485
not allowed with Imperial cortège, 45
rulers, 52, 466

Wu, Empress, 52, 189, 270, 472

Wu K’o-tu, 110 _et seq._, 132 _et seq._, 445, 461, 506
suicide of, 135, 137

Wu San-kuei, 74

Wu Ta-ch’eng, 163, 165

Wu-T’ai shan, 350

Yakoub Beg, 509

Yang Ju, 330

Yang Jui, 202, 220, 225

Yangkunu, Prince, 1

Yang Shen-hsiu, 190, 195

Yangtsze provinces, 78, 328
under Taipings, 67
Viceroys, _vide_ Southern

Yehonala Clan, 2-4, 122, 158, 163, 166, 213, 465, 515

Yehonala, Concubine Imperial, 1 to 13 _et seq._, 26-7 (_vide_ Tzŭ Hsi)
her sisters, 11, 123, 126

Yeh, Viceroy, 12, 24

Yellow Emperor, 145

Yellow Girdles, _vide_ Aisin Gioros

Yellow River, 163, 238, 397, 400, 509

Yellow Sedan-chair, 164
paper decrees, 243
Turban sect, 314

“Yi” Concubine, (_vide_ Yehonala), 17, 31

Yin Chang, 384-5

Ying Nien, 366-7, 372

Ying Tsung, Emperor, 125

Yi, Prince, _vide_ Tsai Yuan, 27, 48

“Young China,” 178, 418, 433, 476, 491

Yüan Ch’ang, 269, 270, 273, 281, 292, 294, 307-26, 377

Yüan Dynasty, 314

Yüan Shih-k’ai, 82, 171, 201, 203 _et seq._, 311, 334, 400, 402,
410, 429, 451, 459, 460

Yu-Ch’uan pu (Ministry of Communications), 430

Yü Hsien, 252, 254, 260, 273, 287, 291, 311, 323, 348-9, 365, 372

Yü Lu, Viceroy, 195, 257, 264, 282, 292, 297, 312, 323, 343

Yünnan, Rebellion in, 117

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