Chapter XV: The Concept of the Unconscious 445

I. THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE PERSONAL AND IMPERSONAL
UNCONSCIOUS.

Development of concepts--Removal of repression does not
empty the unconscious--Repression is a special phenomenon--The
unconscious contains not only repressed material, but subliminal
sense-impressions which have never reached consciousness--It is
constantly busied with new phantasy formation--Patients are urged
to retain their hold on repressed materials that analysis has
brought into consciousness--Prolonged analysis reveals contents
other than those of a personal nature--Necessity to differentiate a
layer called the "personal" unconscious whose materials originate
in the personal past--Their omission from consciousness constitutes
a defect or neglect--The moral reaction against this neglect shows
they could become conscious if sufficient trouble were taken--The
gradual transference of the personal unconscious contents into
consciousness extends the periphery of consciousness.

II. THE CONSEQUENCES OF ASSIMILATION OF THE UNCONSCIOUS 449

First result is increased self-consciousness--May lead to
a sense of God-Almightiness in one type, or to overwhelming
self-depreciation in the other--A result of ascribing to
oneself qualities or vices that do not belong individually but
collectively--The collective pysche divided into collective
mind and collective soul--The collective contains the "parties
inférieures" of Janet; the conscious and personal unconscious
contains the "parties supérieures"--Incorporation of the impersonal
unconscious leads to a dissolution of the pairs of opposites--As
seen in neurotic, who combines megalomania and sense of inferiority
in extreme degree--Primitive man possesses the collective vices and
virtues in an undifferentiated way--Mental conflict only begins
with conscious personal development--Desire to be good brings about
repression of the bad--Collective view-point, though necessary,
is dangerous to individuality--Collective psyche is the result of
psychological differentiation of the gregarious instincts--Dangers
of identification with collective psyche--Recognition of the
different psychology of the types a safeguard, promoting a proper
respect for individuality of the opposite type--Individuation
hampered by man's suggestibility and tendency to imitation.

III. THE INDIVIDUAL AS AN EXCERPT OF THE COLLECTIVE PSYCHE 456

The personal unconscious contains repressed materials capable
of becoming conscious--By also incorporating the impersonal
contents the state of God-Almightiness is brought about--The
"persona" a mask for the collective psyche--Development of
God-Almightiness, physical concomitants--Dissolution of the
persona results in release of phantasy--Analogy with mental
derangement--Difference consists in that the unconscious is at
first deliberately brought into consciousness by consent, and later
that it is recognised as having psychic validity only.

IV. ENDEAVOURS TO FREE THE INDIVIDUALITY FROM THE COLLECTIVE
PSYCHE 459

(i) _The Regressive Restoration of the Persona_--Three ways
open, (_a_) Regressive application of a reductive theory; (_b_)
application of God-Almightiness as a "virile protest;" (_c_)
recognition of the primitive archaic collective psychology in
man--Temptation to solve the difficulty by forgetting one has an
unconscious--This does not work--The unconscious cannot be deprived
of libido, nor its activity stilled for any length of time.

(ii) _Identification with the Collective
Psyche_--God-Almightiness developed into a system--Identification
increases feeling for life or sense of power, according to the
type--This, mystically understood, is the "yearning for the
mother" of the hero-myth, or the "incest-wish" of Freud--It is the
collective psyche that has to be overcome--Identification with the
collective psyche is a failure because being lost in it, a bearable
or satisfactory life is impossible.

V. LEADING PRINCIPLES FOR THE TREATMENT OF COLLECTIVE PSYCHE 468

Neither regressive restoration of the persona,
nor identification with collective psyche solves the
problem--Psychology will have to admit a plurality of
principles--Only the collective part of individual psychology
can be the subject of scientific study--What belongs to the
psychology of the individual requires its own text-book--The
persona must be strictly separated from the concept of the
individual--What is individual is the remnant which can
never be merged into the collective--Analysis of the persona
transfers greater value on to the individuality, increasing its
conflict with collectivity--The persona is identical with a
one-sided attitude, being a typical attitude in which thought
or feeling or intuition dominates, causing relative repression
of the other functions--Dissolution of persona indispensable
to individuation--The more individual a person is the more he
assimilates and develops those attributes that are the basis of a
collective concept of human nature--Unifying function between the
conscious and unconscious, between the collective and individual is
found in the phantasies--Phantasy the creative soil for everything
that has brought development to humanity--Phantasy not to be
taken literally but hermeneutically--Hermeneutics adds analogies
to those already given--Hermeneutical interpretation indicates
the means of synthesis of the individual, provided as soon as the
symbolic outlines of the path are understood they are followed
up--Co-operation and honest endeavour essential to cure--The moral
factor determines the cure--"Life-lines" have a short and ephemeral
value--Dreams are compensatory to conscious thinking--Watch must be
kept for dreams indicative of causes of error--Hence the patient
must remain in contact with the unconscious--End of analysis
reached when enough psychological insight and mastery of technique
is acquired to enable individual to follow his ever-changing
life-line, and to retain hold on the libido currents which give
conscious support to his individuality.

SUMMARY 472

INDEX 475

ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY