Chapter IV: Introduction: Theory. Utility. Bibliographical Terms (2)

Great care should be taken in the selection of books for the Young People’s department. The tastes of the children must be the _chief_ guide, and this will depend to a considerable extent upon the locality in which the child lives. The facts of child psychology are always subject to local conditions. The selection of books for young people who reside in a residential town will differ, even if very slight, to the selection that should be made for children living in a busy industrial or manufacturing centre. Classical literature must not be forced upon young people, but it should be well represented in beautifully illustrated editions, to encourage the young people to read “the best.” The physical form of books selected must receive special consideration. Good paper, clear type and beautiful illustrations appeal to all readers. Cheap editions should be avoided. The aim of a juvenile collection is to create a reading adult with the ability to discriminate what he ought to read, for this reason educational editions are not recommended for purchase. Sensational literature is undesirable. Collections should be composed of works of romance and adventure, school stories, fairy tales, stories of home and domestic life. Books of a more serious nature however, must not be overlooked, and a choice selection made treating with the lives of the great men and women of all ages, botany, electricity, conduct of life, engineering, geology, history, sports and pastimes, aviation, wireless telegraphy, gardening, painting, art, natural history, etc.

READING LIST.

Bostwick--The making of an American’s library. _Boston, 1915, pp. 91-123._

Brown--The small library. _Chaps. 2 and 4, pp. 11-27; 55-70._

Brown--Books for very young children. _L.W. Vol. 9, 1906-07, pp. 282-9._

Cannons--Selection of books and editions for children. _L.A.R. Vol. 20, 1918, pp. 68-76._

Fay _and_ Eaton--Instruction in the use of books and libraries. _Part 2. Chaps. 14-23, pp. 193-381._

Field--Finger posts to children’s reading. _6th edition. Chicago, 1911._

Forbes _and_ Derthick--Children’s books and what constitutes a good edition. _P.L. Vol. 17, 1912, pp. 118-20._

Hazeltine, _editor_--Library work with children. _Classics of American Librarianship. H. W. Wilson Co.: New York, 1917; also Grafton, 7s. 6d. Special attention to pp. 23-45; 363-366._

Hulst--The organisation of the course in literature in secondary schools. _English Journal. Vol. I., 1912, pp. 72-83._

Hunt--Selection of children’s books. _In her Library work with children. A.L.A. Manual of library economy._

Jackson--The older girl and her reading. _Ont. Lib. Rev. Vol. 9, 1915, pp. 54-56._

Kelly--Selection of juvenile books for a small library. _P.L. Vol.14, 1909, pp. 308-9; 367-372._

Lawrence--How shall children be led to love good books? _P.L. Vol. 11, 1906, pp. 179-183._

Olcott---Childrens’ reading. _Boston, 1912._

Pearson--The children’s librarian _versus_ Huckleberry Finn. _L.J. Vol. 32, 1907, pp. 312-314._

Powell--The Children’s library: a dynamic factor in education. _H. W. Wilson Co., New York, 1917; also Grafton, 10s. 6d. Chap. II. pp. 287-319. The bibliography on book selection on pp. 437-452 is most valuable and should be carefully read._

Sayers--The children’s library. _Chaps. 1, 15, 16, pp. 1-14; 156-203._

Smith--Some story book children of England. _Ont. Lib. Rev. Vol. 9, 1925, pp. 51-54._

Terman _and_ Lima--Children’s reading: a guide for parents and teachers. _Appleton: New York, 1926. $2._

Thompson--On the selection of books for children. _L.J. Vol. 32, 1907, pp. 427-233._

Williams--Manual of book selection. _pp. 47-51._

In addition to the above consult the “Children’s Catalogue,” _3rd edition, revised and enlarged_, compiled by Minnie Earl Sears based on “Children’s Catalog of thirty-five hundred books,” compiled by Corinne Bacon, containing _4,100_ titles with _863_ books analyzed, _640_ pages. _H. W. Wilson Co, 1925, $12._ The Glasgow Corporation Public Libraries “Guide for young readers,” the “Descriptive handbook to juvenile literature in the Finsbury Public Libraries,” the “Requisition list of books for school lending libraries, by the London County Council,” “The Pittsburgh Carnegie Library graded juvenile catalogues,” and the bibliographical lists given in Sayers’s “Children’s Library.”

QUESTIONS.

_1._ Name six modern guides to juvenile selection, and describe any three of them.

_2._ Prepare a list of 20 books which you consider the best works of reference for the shelves of a Young People’s Room, to enable the children to improve their scholastic studies.

_3._ In selecting books for the Young People’s section how far would you be governed by the physical form of the book?

(_c_) REFERENCE BOOKS:--

Select collection of reference books is the foundation of a good reference library. Its utility reckoned by extent and quick service its selection will furnish when demands are made. Large reference libraries should satisfy all demands. Small library collection from a selection, with “quick reference” books its strongest section. How to judge whether a book is more suitable for the reference than the lending department. Place books in the department where they will be most useful. Such works as encyclopedias, directories, dictionaries, atlases, maps, etc., state and parliamentary papers are obviously reference books; antiquarian works and exceptionally large books are also reference books. Allocation of rare, art, and large books. Cost of a book should not be a consideration in deciding lending _versus_ reference books. How far should duplication be carried? Great number of reference works may be obtained second hand. Latest editions, excepting art, essential. Occasional text-books necessary. Local industries well represented. How a reference library is supplemented when in the same building as the lending library. If lending library books are available in the reference library decision of allocation becomes easier. Special facilities available for the loan of reference books. Periodical literature is a valuable asset to a reference library. Many good articles never appear in book-form.

READING LIST.

Ballinger--Municipal library and its public. _L. (.N.S.). Vol 9, 1909, p. 309._

Barrett--Selection of books for a reference library. _L. Vol. 8, 1896, pp. 473-481._

Borrajo--Books for the reference library. _L.A.R. Vol. 1, 1899, pp. 770-780._

Brown--Manual of library economy. _1907 edition. Chap. 11, para. 185, pp. 152-3._

_or_ Revised edition by W. C. B. Sayers. _Sects. 188; 411; pp. 176-177; 382-386._

British Museum.--_Department of printed books._ List of books forming the reference library in the reading room. _2 vols., 1910._

Dent--Notes on the formation of a small reference library. _L. Vol. 8, 1896, pp. 531-535._

Moore--Municipal reference libraries. _In Public Libraries, 1917, pp. 70-85._

Mudge--New guide to reference books. _A.L.A. Chicago, 1923. Introduction._

Reference work and reference works. _Ont. Lib. Rev. Vol. 4, 1920, pp. 98-131. Every effort should be made to read this valuable article._

Richardson--Reference books. _L.J. Vol. 18, 1892, pp. 245-247._

Williams--Manual of book selection. _pp. 66-71._

Williams--Reference book selection. _L. & B. W. Vol. 8, 1917, pp. 4-6; 23-25._

Wood--Selection of books for a reference library. _L. Vol. 8, 1896, pp. 522-530._

QUESTIONS.

_1._ In forming a reference collection of 10,000 volumes, how would you ensure that no important author or subject had been missed?

_2._ What principles would guide you in deciding whether a book is more suitable for the reference than the lending department?

_3._ Give a list of 25 books (excluding local directories) which you think indispensable for “quick reference” in a reference library.

_4._ What bibliographical guides would you provide in a reference library?

_Lesson 6._

COMMERCIAL LIBRARIES. LOCAL COLLECTIONS. OTHER SPECIAL COLLECTIONS.

(_a_) COMMERCIAL LIBRARIES:--

Originally organised to meet trade conditions after the European War. Should be the centre where business men may obtain reliable commercial information immediately on demand, and should contain Commercial and Industrial data (reports of Boards of Trade and Agriculture and Fisheries, Consular and Colonial reports, Parliamentary publications relating to commerce, trade periodicals and catalogues, reports of Chambers of Commerce, statistical publications). Geographical information (atlases, maps, gazetteers, directories, books of travel written from the standpoint of commercial development). Transport and communication (shipping, railway and postal guides, telephone directories, telegraphic codes). Financial information (tariffs, foreign exchanges, banking, company reports). Commercial and industrial law. Business organisation (office methods, advertising, salesmanship, works management, accountancy, costing, etc.). Working collection of special and general reference books. Journals of commerce, industry and finance.

The following bibliographical aids should be examined:--

Cannons (H. G. T.)--Bibliography of industrial efficiency and factory
management. _1920._ Greenwood (E.)--Classified guide to technical
and commercial books; a subject list of the principal British and
American works in print. _1904._ Morley (L. H.) _and_ Knight
(A. C.)--2,400 business books and guide to business literature;
[compiled] under the direction of J. C. Dana. _1920. Grafton, 30s._

READING LIST.

Brown--Manual of library economy. _Revised edition by W. C. B. Sayers. Sects. 450-459, pp. 418-423._

Jast--The commercial library. _L.A.R. Vol. 19, 1917, pp. 118-124._

Pitt--Memoranda on commercial libraries. _L.A.R. Vol. 19, 1917, pp. 175-178._

Pitt _and others_--Commercial libraries. _In Public Libraries, 1917, pp. 47-64; 117-120._

Savage--Technical and commercial libraries. _L.A.R., Vol. 20, 1918, pp. 159-162._

Sparke--How the public library can help the business man. _Bolton Public Libraries. 1s. Passim._

Whitton--Proposed library of municipal affairs. _L.J. Vol. 33, 1908, pp. 224._

_Refer also to_ Handbooks on commercial libraries issued by the Glasgow, Manchester, Bolton, Birmingham and other important libraries.

QUESTIONS.

_1._ What bibliographies would you place in a commercial library? Give reasons for your choice.

_2._ Give a list of 25 books essential to the man of business.

_3._ Discuss the value of consular and colonial reports in a commercial library.

_4._ From what sources may the commercial librarian supply up-to-date information on any trade or industry?

(_b_) LOCAL COLLECTIONS:--

Every public library should have its local collection, and the book selector should keep a careful look out for (_1_) all literature referring to the locality; (_2_) maps, plans, prints, drawings, photographs, etc., of the locality; (_3_) writings of local authors; (_4_) newspapers and periodicals issued locally; (_5_) literature printed locally; (_6_) local records, such as parish registers, rate books, and other MSS., printed transactions of the local authorities, local Acts of Parliament, etc., and (_7_) specimens of the work of local binders, if of any eminence. Many local works may be selected from the second-hand booksellers’ catalogues. County bibliographies are useful in guiding selection, and the columns of the “Publishers’ Circular” must not be overlooked.

READING LIST.

Anderton--On planning a printed catalogue of local literature. _L.A.R. Vol. 15, 1913, pp. 542-552._

Baker--Our local collections and local documents. _L.A.R. Vol. 11, 1909, pp. 96-98._

Brown--Manual of library economy. _1907 edition, Chap. 11, para 186, pp. 153-4._

_or_ Revised edition by W. C. B. Sayers. _Chap. 28, paras. 422-444._

Collier--Local records in public libraries. _L.A.R. Vol. 13, 1911, pp. 268-275._

Minto--Bibliography of local literature. _L.A.R. Vol. 4, 1902, pp. 37-44._

Reese--What is a local author? _L.J. Vol. 44, 1919, p. 43._

Ross--Book selection; local collections. _L.W. Vol. 10, 1907. pp. 71-76._

Sparke--Local collections in public libraries. _L.W. Vol. 2, 1899-1900, pp. 185-187._

Webb--Function of the public library in respect to the political sciences. _L.A.R., Vol. 7, 1905._

Williams--_In_ Manual of book selection. _pp. 61-62._

Wright--Local collections: what should be collected and how to obtain material. _L.A.R. Vol. 7, 1905, pp. 1-11._

QUESTIONS.

_1._ State briefly what class of books you would select in forming a local collection.

_2._ What principles would you follow in compiling a bibliography or catalogue of local books?

_3._ What examples of local bibliographies are known to you? Describe any three.

_4._ Describe generally the plan, contents and aim of the two following books:--

Sparke (A)--Bibliographia Boltoniensis: being a bibliography of
Bolton authors, _and_

Hawkes (A. J.)--Lancashire printed books: a bibliography of all the
books printed in Lancashire down to the year 1800. _1925._

(_c_) OTHER SPECIAL COLLECTIONS:--

_Technical Libraries._--Technical libraries are now essential both to technical education and to manufacture. They should consist of all modern text-books, encyclopædias, directories, etc. Polyglot and technological dictionaries. Current digests and indexes to periodical literature and state publications.

READING LIST.

Hulme--Technical libraries. _L.A.R. Vol. 19, 1917, pp. 484-497._

Hulme _and others_--Technical libraries. _In Public Libraries, 1917, pp. 65-77; 114-117._

Matthews--The technical library. _L.A.R. Vol. 22, 1920, pp. 141-157._

Reynolds--The technical library in its relation to the educational and industrial development. _L.A.R. Vol. 19, 1917, pp. 250-261._

Savage--Technical libraries. _L.A.R. Vol. 21, 1919, pp. 264-270._

Savage--Technical and commercial libraries. _L.A.R. Vol. 20, 1918, pp. 159-162._

Simmett--Technical libraries and intelligence. _L.A.R. Vol. 22, 1920, pp. 124-140._

QUESTIONS.

_1._ What critical and specialised aids has the librarian to help him in his selection of technical books?

_2._ How far is a library justified in forming special technical collections?

_Foreign Collections_:--

READING LIST.

American Library Association--Foreign book lists. Nos. 1-7. Boston and Chicago. _A.L.A. Publishing Board, 1907-16. Contents--1.--German. 2.--Hungarian. 3.--French. 4.--Norwegian and Danish. 5.--Swedish. 6.--Polish. 7.--Russian._

Williams--_In_ Manual of book selection. _pp. 72-75._

Williams--Selection of foreign literature. _L. &. B.W. Vol. 8, 1917, pp. 25-26; 44-46._

QUESTIONS.

_1._ What bibliographical or other guides would you consult in forming a representative collection of standard French and German literature?

_2._ What classes of modern foreign literature would you purchase for a lending library catering for a population of 200,000.

_Books for the Blind._

READING LIST.

Neisser--Report of the A.L.A. Committee on library work with the blind. _A.L.A. Bulletin. Vol. 2, 1908, pp. 216-221._

Roebuck--Literature for the blind, and the public library movement in connection therewith. _L.A. Vol. 3, 1902, pp. 253-260._

_Lesson 7._

SELECTION OF SPECIAL CLASSES OF LITERATURE--_continued_.

PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION.--Should the selection of philosophical and religious works be made without principles the result will be unsatisfactory. Consecutive reading must always be borne in mind. One-sided selection avoided. Nelson’s “Standard Books, Vols. _1_ and _2_, Sonnenschein’s “Best Books, Part _1_,” and Robertson’s “Courses of study,” should be carefully consulted when selection is being made. Sectarian and “crank” literature should be avoided in selecting religious works. Jastrow’s “Study of religion” is recommended for careful reading as an introduction to religion. Hurst’s “Biblioteca theologia” and _his_ “Literature of theology,” Frazer’s “Golden Bough,” Vol. _12_ (for bibliography) and Rands’ “Bibliography,” in Baldwin’s “Dictionary of philosophy and psychology,” Vol. _3_ are useful in selection. In both these classes modern thought must be well represented.

READING LIST.

Ayres--Theological literature in libraries. _L.J. Vol. 28, 1903, pp. 601-603._

Bisseker--A student’s library. _Kelly, 1911, pp. 46-122; 184-208; 243-265; 271-280._

Bowerman--Principles governing the choice of religious and theological books for public libraries. _L.J. Vol. 30, 1905, pp. 137-140._

Deane--A library of religion. _Mowbray, 1918._

Jastrow--Study of religion. _Cont. Science Series. Scott, 1901. Take particular note of the Bibliography on pp. 399-415._

Williams--_In_ Manual of book selection. _pp. 20-24._

QUESTIONS.

_1._ What guide books would you consult in selecting a nucleus stock of books in philosophy and religion?

_2._ How would you be guided in the discarding of obsolete books in this section?

_3._ What are the principal periodical guides to new books of religion and philosophy?

SOCIOLOGY.--Always a popular class of literature with the reading public. Frequent revision of stock is essential to retain a “live” class. Subjects like political science and statistics must be represented by the latest editions. The following are the chief guides to selection:--Nelson’s “Standard books,” Vol. _1_; Bisseker’s “Student’s library,” _pp. 209-239; 281-297_; Bliss’s “Handbook of socialism”; Bowker and Isle’s “Readers guide to economic, social, and political science”; Fabian Society’s “What to read on social and economic subjects”; Robertson’s “Courses of study”; Sonnenschein’s “Best books,” Vol. _2_; Stammhammer’s “Bibliographie der sozialismus und kommunismus”; “Bibliographie der sozialwissenschaften,” _1905_ to date; Bulkeley’s “Bibliographical survey of contemporary sources for the economic and social history of the War”; Zimand’s “Modern social movements”; and _in_ Williams’s “Manual of book selection,” _pp. 24-26_.

QUESTIONS.

_1._ How would you find out what later editions are available of books given in the standard guides?

_2._ Give a brief account of Gross’s “Bibliography of British municipal history,” and its value in the selection of books on sociology.

_3._ Draw up a graded reading course of not more than twelve books on political economy.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY:--

The two most important sections in a public library, as the subjects in both classes continually change and develop. In no other classes do works so soon become obsolete. Before making selection for an initial stock it is advisable to read through as many brief histories of the sciences as possible as they will enumerate the writers whose influence in the various sciences have been greatest. The standard bibliographies must be consulted in selecting initial stock, but when formed, it must be kept alive by a careful reading of the periodical literature, where the latest information will be obtained. As new editions of works in stock are published, they must be purchased if they contain additional or revised material, and take the place of the old edition on the shelf. The British Science Guild’s “Catalogue of British scientific and technical books,” first published in 1921, new and revised edition, 1925, complete with author and subject indexes, together with the numerous guides mentioned in Mudge’s “New guide to reference books,” pp. _23_ (technical lists); _97-104_ and _104-114_ will render ample assistance to the selector, who will also find the British Museum Subject Index most useful for the titles of books in these classes published in England.

READING LIST.

Bisseker--A student’s library. _pp. 156-183; 266-270._

Clarke--Scientific text books and the disposal of books out-of-date. _L. Vol. 6, 1894, pp. 164-167._

Craver--The library in relation to special classes of readers. _L.J. Vol. 31, 1906, pp. 72._

Hulme _and others_--Technical libraries. _In Public Libraries: their development and future organisation, 1917, pp. 65-77; 114-117._

Jast--Technical libraries. _L.A.R. Vol. 5, 1903, pp. 467-472._

Morris--Popular science for the public library. _Ont. Lib. Rev. Vol. 7, 1922, pp. 27-50._

Savage--Some difficulties in the selection of scientific and technological books. _L.A.R. Vol. 10, 1908, pp. 162-174._

Savage--Science and technology in public libraries. _L. Vol. 12, 1909, pp. 1-4; 46-48._

Sohon (J. A.) _and_ Schaaf (W. L.)--A reference list of bibliographies, chemistry, chemical technology and chemical engineering published since _1900_. _Wilson: New York, 1924. $2.50._

Williams--_In_ Manual of book selection. _pp. 17-19; 28-30._

QUESTIONS.

_1._ “This section requires constant revision and weeding out if it is to be a live section.” Discuss this statement.

_2._ Name a bibliography on each of the following subjects: astronomy; physics; botany; wireless telegraphy; chemical technology.

_3._ Describe six general guides to book selection in this section.

LITERATURE:--

Very little material has been published on what is best to select in pure literature. Probably the article “Literature” in the Encyclopædia “Britannica” is the best introduction, followed by W. H. Hudson’s “An introduction to the study of literature”, H. B. Charlton’s “Art of literary study: an approach to literature for the plain man,” and Bisseker’s “A student’s library,” _pp. 11-45_, for general literature. For English the “Cambridge history of English literature,” _14_ vols., Knowlson’s “How to study English literature,” Manly and Rickert’s “Contemporary British literature,” and Williams’s “Craft of literature,” may be profitably read and Cant’s “Bibliography of English drama from _1890-1920_, giving separate titles and short annotations.” _L.A.R. Vol. 24, 1922, pp. 41-57_ and Brown’s “The realm of poetry,” _1921_ should be consulted. Pancoast’s “American literature,” and “History of American literature,” being supplementary volumes to the “Cambridge history of English literature,” should be followed for American literature. The bibliographies and many guides mentioned on _pp. 120-150_ in Mudge’s “New guide to reference books,” should be carefully looked through. “A register of bibliographies of the English language and literature, by C. S. Northup _and others_.” Milford, _1925_, should also be consulted. The general principles of book selection must now be applied, and care taken to be certain that the principal dramatists, poets, essayists, etc., are well represented. Text books dealing with the literary histories of all countries should be available, as well as all guides to literary forms.

QUESTIONS

_1._ What are the principal aids to book selection in the following subjects:--drama; American literature; English poetry; and Spanish literature?

_2._ Name six dictionaries of quotations, and two of similes.

_3._ Where several translations of a standard foreign work are available, how would you be guided in making your choice of one?

LANGUAGE:--

Systematic selection essential if the stock is to prove valuable and useful. The standard modern works on all languages should be represented and attention paid to the historical side. Naturally, works on our own language will have preference over all others, followed by a good selection of works on the French, German, Italian, Spanish and Russian languages. Other nationalities should be represented according to the demands made by the public. Students should read the article “Language” in the Encyclopædia Britannica, and as aids to selection consult the following works:--Nelson’s “Standard books,” Vol. _3_; Sonnenschein’s “Best books,” Vol. _3_; Breule’s “Handy bibliographical guide to the study of German language and literature”; Braunholtz’s “Books of reference and teachers of French”; Robertson’s “Courses of study”; and Williams’s “Manual of book selection,” _pp 26-27_.

QUESTIONS.

_1._ Give your opinion as to the best dictionary of the English language when the purchase is limited to one.

_2._ Name dictionaries for the following subjects:-- synonyms; slang; rhymes.

_3._ Name the best dictionaries for the following languages: Anglo-Saxon; French; German; Italian and Spanish.

_Lesson 8._

FINE AND RECREATIVE ARTS. HISTORY. BIOGRAPHY. GEOGRAPHY. TRAVEL.

Fine and Recreative Arts.--Another class where principles must be carefully followed, otherwise a lot of money may be wasted. The general histories, text-books and outlines should present no difficulty. It is when we come to books where the illustrations form the predominating feature that difficulties arise. Many splendid guides are available, including Nelson’s “Standard books,” compiled by the staff of the National Art Library, South Kensington; Sturgis and Krehbiel’s “Annotated bibliography of Fine Art,” compiled by experts; and the British Museum Subject Index. For reference:--the “Universal catalogue of books on art,” _1870-77_; and Macfall’s “History of painting” are also useful. Bibliographical articles in the encyclopædias should not be overlooked. Note the bibliographies and guides mentioned in Mudge’s “Reference books,” _pp. 114-120_. Guides to special subjects are too numerous to mention here, and the student is referred to the lists published by the South Kensington Museum.

READING LIST.

Batsford--Some suggestions on the formation of a small library of reference books on ornament and the decorative arts. _L. Vol. 9, 1897, pp. 251-269._

Books valuable in the study of art. _P.L. Vol. 13, 1908, pp. 253-4._

Hitchcock--Books on fine and decorative arts suggested for small public libraries. _P.L. Vol. 7, 1902, pp. 25-27._

McColvin--Music in public libraries. _Grafton, 1924. 7s. 6d. Passim._

Mathews--Libraries and music. _L. Vol. 5, 1893, pp. 190-2._

Musical libraries: discussion. _P.L. Vol. 3, pp. 53-4._

Weale--Two notes for art libraries. _L. (N.S.), Vol. 1, 1899-1900, pp. 365-7._

Williams--Manual of book selection. _pp. 30-32._

QUESTIONS.

_1._ What principles would you be guided by in deciding what edition of a book should be purchased out of a number of editions?

_2._ Mention the principal aids to book selection in any two of the following subjects:--Christian art; ceramics; decorative art; painting; freehand drawing; Italian art; schools of painting; music.

_3._ Make a selection of periodicals useful as aids to book selection of fine and recreative arts.

_4._ Discuss the advisability of co-operation by neighbouring libraries in the purchase of the larger and more expensive art books.

_5._ State what books you would use to find the market price of the older art books.

_6._ Name four booksellers who specialise in fine art books.

History, Biography, Geography and Travel:--Consecutive selection necessary. All epochs should be represented and British history well covered. The chief guides to selection are Sonnenschein’s “Best books,” Vol. _3_; Nelson’s “Standard books”; Robertson’s “Courses of study”; Langlois’s “Manuel de bibliographie historique,” part _1_ (_1907_); Adams’s “Manual of historical literature” (_3rd revised edition, 1903_); Annual bulletin and select lists of the Historical Association. Gross’s “Sources and literature of English history” and _his_ “Bibliography of British municipal history” are excellent for British history. Sir P. Protheroe’s “Select analytical list of books concerning the Great (European) War” is the best guide to the literature of the European War.

Bibliographies found in Mudge’s “Reference books,” _pp. 183-196_, the Cambridge Histories and the “Story of the Nations” series are valuable aids.

Guides to biography are scarce but Chambers’s “Biographical dictionary,” Chambers’s “Encyclopædia,” and the “Dictionary of National biography” supplemented by Mudge, _pp. 150-168_, will answer most calls made upon them.

Voyages and travels always command a good reading public but care should be taken to exclude ephemeral “globe-trotting” variety.

For geography and travel Mill’s “Guide to geographical books and appliances,” revised by A. J. Herbertson and N. E. MacMunn will be found indispensable. It includes geographical novels, general reference works, lists of text-books, in fact nearly a bibliography of geography. The bibliographies found at the end of each chapter of Mill’s “International geography” will also be found useful. In the selection of the older books Anderson’s “Book of British topography” although now a little out of date is still valuable, and Mudge, _pp. 172-183_ should also be consulted.

READING LIST.

Adams--Manual of historical literature. _Harper: New York, 1903._

Bibliographies in the “Story of the Nations” series.

Bisseker--A student’s library. _pp. 123-155._

Gross--Bibliography of British municipal history. _Longmans: New York, 1897._

Gross--Sources and literature of English history from the earliest times to about 1485. _Longmans, 1915._

Hall--Methods of teaching history. _Harrap, 1913._

Larned--Literature of American history. _A.L.A. Pub. Board, Boston._

Langlois--Manuel de bibliographie historique. _2 vols._ _Hachette, Paris, 1901-04._

Robertson--Courses of study. _pp. 139-328; 366-370._

Sykes--Biography for a small library. _Ont. Lib. Rev. Vol. 2, 1918, pp. 116-119._

Williams--Manual of book selection. _pp. 52-55._

QUESTIONS.

_1._ Mention two books on each of the following subjects which you would recommend to a reader:--Joan of Arc; French Revolution; Oliver Cromwell; European War; London; Gunpowder Plot.

_2._ Draw up an annotated reading course of not less than ten books on British history.

_3._ Name six periodicals valuable as aids to book selection in this section.

_Lesson 9._

SELECTION OF PERIODICALS.

Primary object in the selection of periodicals should be to supplement the stock of books in the library by up-to-date literature not available in book form. The second consideration should be to aim at supplying magazines for recreation as well as instruction. On the same principle that crank and sectarian works are prohibited from the best book stocks so should periodicals of this nature be excluded. Trade, scientific, technical, and special periodicals should receive first consideration, and special attention given to the papers that cover the chief industries of the town to be served. A good selection of periodicals dealing with literature, art, science, etc., will add attractiveness to the room. Newspapers selected should represent the political parties impartially. The various press guides, lists published by large libraries, such as the Mitchell Library and Cannons’s “Classified guide to _1,700_ annuals, directories and year books,” _Grafton. 1923, 5s._, will be found useful in the selection of this class of literature.

READING LIST.

Briscoe--Selection of periodicals. _L.W. Vol. 12, 1909-10, pp. 215-216._

Brown--Manual of library economy. _1907 edition._ _Chap._ 11. _para. 200, pp. 163-165_.

_or_ Revised edition by W. C. B. Sayers. _Chap. 13, paras. 203-204._

Brown--Selection of current periodicals. _L.A.R. Vol. 6, pp. 591-597._

Dana--Periodicals for a small library. _P.L. Vol. 11, 1906, p. 367._

Mudge--New guide to reference books. _pp. 5-23._

Kroeger--Guide to ... reference books. _pp. 1-31._

Steele--A selected list of periodicals which review books. _Ont. Lib. Rev., Vol. 8, 1923, pp. 12-13._

Walter--Periodicals for a small library. _1919 edition. A.L.A. Pub. Board, Chicago. 1919. 15c._

QUESTIONS.

_1._ Make an annotated list of the monthly and quarterly periodicals you would consider necessary in a reading room serving a population of 100,000.

_2._ Briefly describe how you would deal with periodicals offered gratis.

_3._ Make a selection of newspapers and periodicals on:--economics, education, engineering, not more than six on each, indicating their valuable features and giving published prices.

_4._ Describe the general contents and special features of any three of the following periodicals, and any two of the annuals:--

English Review Connoisseur
Whitaker’s Almanack Ueber Land und Meer
Revue des deux mondes British Trade Year Book
The Reader Librarians’ Guide
Annual Register Decimal Educator

_5._ Make an annotated list of ten periodicals you would select for a Young People’s Reading Room.

TEST EXAMINATION.

_Questions to be answered without the aid of text-books, notes, etc._

_1._ Write a short essay on the principles of book selection as applied to public libraries.

_2._ Name the various kinds of bibliographies available as aids to book selection, and give an account of two in each section.

_3._ State briefly what you know of the following catalogues, giving the method of arrangement of each:--British Museum; London Library; John Rylands Library, and Cambridge University.

_4._ What do you consider to be the twelve best guides to book selection?

_5._ Discuss the value of “The Annual Register” as an aid to book selection.

_6._ What books of reference would you consult for anonymous and pseudonymous works in (_1_) English, (_2_) French and (_3_) German?

_7._ What authors would you recommend to a reader desirous of being acquainted with Napoleon I.; psychoanalysis; parliament; philately; Marie Antoinette; Spanish literature; League of Nations, and wireless telegraphy.

_8._ Give reasons for and against the desirability of not purchasing fiction until a year after publication.

_9._ Describe briefly not more than six catalogues of libraries specially serviceable as aids to book selection.

_10._ State briefly on what principles you would be guided in accepting or declining donations of books.

_11._ Give an annotated list of twelve periodicals you would consider necessary in a Ladies’ Reading Room.

_12._ Name twelve periodicals that should be permanently stored in a public reference library.

FACTORS AND NOTES RELATING TO BOOK SELECTION.

(_1_) SELECT LIST OF UNIVERSAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES.

_Note.--An universal bibliography has not yet been compiled but the following are recognised as units towards such a work._

_1._ Bibliographical Society of America.--Census of fifteenth century books owned in America; compiled by a Committee of the Bibliographical Society of America. _New York, 1919._

_2._ British Museum Library.--Catalogue of books printed in the 15th century now in the British Museum. _London, 1912-1916. Parts 1-4._

_3._ Brunet (Jacques Charles)--Manuel du libraire et de l’amateur de livres. 5 éd. originalt entiérement refinde et augm d’un tiers. _Paris, Didot, 1860-65. 6 Vols._

----Supplément, par P. Deschamps et G. Brunet. _Paris, Didot, 1878-80. 2 Vols._

_4._ Ebert (Friedrich Adolf)--General bibliographical dictionary, from the German of F. A. Ebert. _Oxford University Press, 1837. 4 Vols._

_5._ Georgi (Gottlieb)--Allgemeines europaisches bucherlexicon in wilchem die allermeisten autores zu finden, welche noch vor dem anfange des XVI. seculi bis 1739, in vire theile abgetheilet. _Leipzig, Gorgi, 1742. 4 parts in one._

----Fünffter theil. In welchem die franzosischen auctores und bücher
von allen disciplinen, in alphabetischer ordung zu finden. _Leipzig,
1753._

----Erstes (bis drittes) supplement, _1739-1757. Leipzig, 1750-1758.
3 vols._

_6._ Græsse (Johann Georg Theodor)--Trésor de livres rares et précieux. _Dresden, 1859-1869. 7 vols._

_7._ Hain (Ludwig Friedrich Theodor)--Repertorium bibliographicum ad annum M.D. _Stuttgart, Cottæ, 1826-38. 2 vols, in 4._

----Supplement to Hain’s “Repertorium bibliographicum”; or,
collection towards a new edition of that work, _par_ W. A. Copinger.
_London, Sotheran, 1895-1902. 2 vols. in 3._

----Appendices ad Hainii-Copingeri “Repertorium bibliographicum”;
additiones et emendationes editit Dietericus Reichling. _Monachii,
Rosenthal, 1905-11. 7 vols._

----Supplementum cum indice urbium et typographorum. Accedit index
auctorum generalis totius operis. _Monasterii Guestphalorum,
Theissingianis, 1914._

----Supplement zu Hain und Panzer. Beiträge zur inkunabel
bibliographie. Nummern--concordanz von Panzer’s lateinischen und
deutschen Annalen und Ludwig Hain’s “Repertorium bibliographicum” par
Konrad Burger. _Leipzig, Hiersemann, 1908._

----Ludwig Hain’s “Repertorium bibliographicum Register.” Die drucker
des XV. jahrhunderts. _Leipzig. Harrassowitz, 1891._

_8._ Maittaire (Michael)--Annales typographici ab artis inventae origine ad annum 1664. _Hagae-Comitum, 1719-41. 5 Vols._

----Supplementum adornavit M. Denis. _Viennae, 1789, 2 vols._

_9._ Panzer (Georg Wolfgang Franz)--Annales typographici ab artis inventae origine ad annum 1536. _Norimbergae, 1793-1803. 11 vols._

_10._ Peddie (Robert Alexander)--Conspectus incunabulorum: an index catalogue of fifteenth century books, with references to Hain’s “Repertorium,” Copinger’s “Supplement,” Proctor’s “Index,” Pellechet’s “Catalogue,” Campbell’s “Annales” and other bibliographies. _London, 1910-1914. 2 vols._

_11._ Pellechet (Marie Léontine Catherine)--Catalogue général des incunables des bibliothèques publiques de France. _Paris, Picard, 1897-1909. Vols. 1-3._

_12._ Proctor (Robert)--Index to the early printed books in the British Museum from the invention of printing to the year 1500, with notes of those in the Bodleian Library. _London, Paul, 1898-99. 4 vols._

---- Part _2_, _1501-20_. Section _1_, Germany. _London, Paul, 1903._

---- Supplements, _1898-1902_. _London, 1900-03. 5 parts._

_13._ Prussian Board of Education--Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke. Herausgegeben von der Kommission fur den Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke. _Band 1. Abano-Alexius, Leipzig, 1925, Verlag von Karl W. Hiersemann. Quaritch, 1925. £3 7s. 6d. To be completed in 12 volumes. The most complete catalogue of Incunabula._

_14._ Quaritch (Barnard)--General catalogue of books offered to the public at the affixed prices. _London, 1887-97. 7 vols. and Supp._

_15._ Watt (Robert)--Bibliotheca Britannica; or, A general index to British and Foreign literature. _2 parts. Edinburgh, Constable, 1824. 4 vols._

(_2_) SELECT LIST OF TRADE BIBLIOGRAPHIES.

AMERICAN:--

Roorbach (Orville Augustus)--Bibliotheca Americana _1820-61_. _New York, Roorbach, 1852-61. 4 vols._

A catalogue of American publications arranged alphabetically by authors and titles. Publisher, date, size and price also given.

Kelly (James)--American catalogue of books published in the United States from January, 1861 to January, 1871. _New York, Wiley, 1866-71. 2 vols._

Alphabetical arrangement under authors, titles and subjects. Gives full particulars of publishers and prices. Well annotated. A continuation of Roorbach’s work. American catalogue of books _1876-1910_. _New York, Publisher’s Weekly, 1881-1911 9 vols._

The standard American list for the period covered (Mudge).

United States catalog: books in print January, 1912; edited by Marion E. Potter and others. _3rd edition. White Plains, New York, Wilson, 1912._

---- Supplement, _1912-17_. _New York, Wilson, 1918._

---- Supplement, January, _1918_--June, _1921_. _New York, Wilson, 1921._

Indispensable to the American book selector.

_Annual:--_

Annual American Catalogue, 1886-1910. _New York, Publisher’s Weekly, 1887-1911. No more published._

United States catalog. Annual. _New York, Wilson._

An annual dictionary catalogue.

_Monthly:--_

Cumulative book index. _White Plains, New York, Wilson, 1898-1922. Vols. 1-24._

ENGLISH:--

Arber (Edward)--Term catalogues, _1668-1709_ A.D. with a number for Easter term, _1711_ A.D.; a contemporary bibliography of English literature in the reigns of Charles II., James II., William and Mary, and Anne; edited from the very rare quarterly lists of new books issued by booksellers of London. _3 vols. London, Arber, 1903-06._

---- Transcript of the registers of the Company of Stationers of London, _1554-1640_. _London, 1875-77. 4 vols. Index. 1894._

A record of all books deposited at Stationers’ Hall during the period
covered.

English catalogue of books published _1801-1920_. _London, Low, 1864-1901. Publisher’s Circular, 1912-21. 11 vols._

---- Index to the English catalogue of books. _London, Low, 1858-93. 4 vols._

An annual catalogue, with five yearly cumulations. Comprising an
alphabetical list under authors, titles and subjects of the books
issued in the United Kingdom. Full imprint, particulars of price,
month of publication, publisher, etc. Contains also lists of
publications of societies and a full directory of publishers.

Reference catalogue of current literature, containing the full titles of books now in print and on sale, with the prices at which they may be obtained of all booksellers, and an index containing nearly one hundred and eighty-five thousand references. _3 vols. London, Whitaker._

The most important English trade bibliography. Issued every few
years. Consists of the catalogues of the principal English publishers
arranged alphabetically by name of publisher.

Book auction records (formerly known as “Sale records,”) a priced and annotated record of London, Dublin, Edinburgh, Glasgow and Amercian book auctions. June, _1902_ to date. _London, Stevens._

Each number is arranged alphabetically by authors, with an index in
each volume.

Book-prices current. December, _1886_ to date. _London, Stock._

Index to the first ten volumes. _1887-1896. London, Stock, 1901._

Index for the second decade. _1897-1906_. _London, Stock, 1909._

Index for the third decade. _1907-1916. London, Stock, 1920._

FRENCH:--

Catalogue général de la librairie française, _1840-1918_. _Paris, Jordell, 1867-1921. 28 vols._

The standard French trade bibliography, and a most valuable modern
national bibliography.

_Annual:--_

Catalogue mensuel de la librairie francaise.

Monthly numbers bound together forming the annual volume. Contains
indexes of authors, titles and subjects.

_Monthly:--_

Catalogue mensuel de la librairie française. _1876-1921. Paris._

A classified list.

GERMAN:--

Heinsius (Wilhelm)--Allgemeines bucher-lexikon, _1700-1892_. _Leipzig, Brockhaus, 1812-1894. 19 vols._

No more published.

Kayser (Christian Gottlob)--Vollstandiges bucher-lexikon, _1750-1910_. _Leipzig, 1834-1910. 36 vols._

Hinrichs (J. C.) _Publishers_--Funfjahrs-katalog der im deutschen buchhandel erschienenen bucher, zeitschriften, landkarten, etc., titel verzeichnis und sachregister, 1851-1912. _Leipzig, Hinrichs, 1857-1913. 13 vols._

Deutsches bucherverzeichnis der jahre _1911-20_. _4 vols._

A continuation of Heinsius, Kayser, and Hinrichs, Funfjahrs-katalog.

_Monthly:--_

Allgemeine bibliographie. _Leipzig, Brockhaus, 1856 to date._

(_3_) SELECT LIST OF GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES.

American Library Association--A.L.A. Catalog. _8,000_ volumes for a popular library; with notes, _1904_ ... edited by Melvil Dewey. _Government Printing Office: Washington, 1904. $1._

The chief aim of this selection is to assist in the formation of a
public library stock, and is specially adopted for the use of smaller
libraries.

A.L.A. Catalog, _1904-1911_. Class List, 3,000 titles for a popular library; edited by Elva L. Bascom. _Chicago: A.L.A. Pub. Board, 1912. 350 pp. 26 cm. $1.50._

Supplement to the A.L.A. Catalog _1904_.

Nelson, Thomas _and_ Sons, _Publishers_.--Standard Books: an annotated and classified guide to the best books in all departments of literature; with copious index of subjects and biographical notes of authors. _4 vols. 1910-14._

_Contents_:--_Vol. 1_--General Works. History. Geography. Biography and Travel. Sociology. Philosophy. Sport. Law and Administration. Education.

_Vol. 2._--Religion. Science. Useful Arts.

_Vol. 3._--Fine and Recreative Arts. Philology. Literature. Children’s Books.

_Vol. 4._--Author Index. General Subject Index. Index of Publishers.

Each subject is edited by a specialist in collaboration with one or more librarians. Annotations are very full and publishers and prices are given.

Sonnenschein, William Swan--The Best Books: a reader’s guide to the best available books (about _100,000_) ...; with the dates of the first and last editions, and the price, size, and publisher’s name (both American and English) of each book. _3rd edition, entirely re-written. George Routledge & Sons, Ltd., London. Putnam, New York. 3 parts. In Progress. 1910. £2 2s. net._

_Contents_:--_Part 1._--Theology. Mythology and folk-lore. Philosophy.

_Part 2._--Society. Geography. Travel and Topography. Education. Ethnology.

_Part 3._--History, Biography. Science. Arts. Philology. Literature. Complete Indexes.

A very useful classified bibliography.

(_4_) BIBLIOGRAPHIES OF BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Courtney (William Prideaux)--Register of national bibliography; with, a selection of the chief bibliographical books and articles printed in other countries. _London, Constable, 1905-12. 3 vols._

Arranged alphabetically by the subjects of the bibliographies listed.

Josephson (Aksel Gustav Salomon)--Bibliographies of bibliography chronologically arranged, with occasional notes and an index. _Bibliographical Society of Chicago, Chicago, 1901. Second edition, 1913._

Petzholdt (Julius)--Bibliotheca bibliographica. _Leipzig, Engelmann, 1866._

A careful and accurate bibliography. Classified, with an author index and full annotations.

Stein (Henri)--Manuel de bibliographie générale: bibliotheca bibliographica nova. _Paris, Picard, 1897._

_Contents._--Universal bibliographies. National and regional bibliographies. Subject bibliographies, and appendices. A classified bibliography with critical and descriptive annotations, and a subject index.

Vallée (Léon)--Bibliographie des bibliographies. _Paris, Terquem, 1883._

Supplement. _Paris, Terquem, 1887._

An alphabetical author list with a subject index. A useful work if used as an author index to Stein’s “Manuel de bibliographie générale.”

_Bibliographical Works_:--

British Museum--List of bibliographical works in the Reading Room of the British Museum. _2nd edition, revised. 1889._ Much out of date, but useful for older books.

(_5_) ANNUAL OUTPUT OF BOOKS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.

_Books in 1925._

According to the “Publishers’ Circular” more books were published during _1925_ than in any previous year in the history of British book production. A total of _13,202_ is recorded as having been published in the United Kingdom. This is an increase of _496_ over the total for _1924_. This increase has taken place in the “new books” as distinguished from “new editions,” etc., and is shown in detail in the following figures for this year and last year:--

_1924_ _1925_
New books _8024_ _8520_
Translations _321_ _307_
Pamphlets _1168_ _1150_
-------- -------
Total new books _9513_ _9977_
New editions _3193_ _3225_
-------- -------
Total _12,706_ _13202_

The following details show how the totals for the various classes of books vary from those of the previous year. Increases are shown in Juvenile Literature (_108_), Law (_88_), Military and Naval (_74_), Philology (_60_), Biography (_55_), Agriculture and Gardening (_46_) and Science (_32_). The decreases are General Works (_49_), Fine Arts (_44_), Fiction (_32_), Philosophy (_29_), and Poetry and Drama (_16_).

The following totals for the years since _1913_ (the pre-war record year) are of considerable interest:--

Year. New Books. New Editions. Total
_1913_ _9541_ _2838_ _12379_
_1914_ _8863_ _2674_ _11537_
_1915_ _8499_ _2166_ _10665_
_1916_ _7537_ _1612_ _9149_
_1917_ _6606_ _1525_ _8131_
_1918_ _6750_ _966_ _7716_
_1919_ _7327_ _1295_ _8622_
_1920_ _8738_ _2266_ _11004_
_1921_ _8757_ _2269_ _11026_
_1922_ _8754_ _2088_ _10842_
_1923_ _9246_ _3028_ _12274_
_1924_ _9513_ _3193_ _12706_
_1925_ _9977_ _3225_ _13202_

The above tables show that during the years _1913-1925_ no fewer than _139,253_ books were published in the United Kingdom. It is when we realise such a fact as this that we should appreciate the great importance of book selection to the librarian.

(_6_) INITIAL STOCK FOR A PUBLIC LIBRARY.

In selecting the initial stock for a Public Library the following principles should be considered: (_a_) size of the locality; (_b_) the sum of money available for books; (_c_) the geographical position of the library in relation to other libraries. Before any books are actually purchased, the tables of the classification to be adopted should be taken and each section checked with the corresponding section of proposed purchases. This will immediately show any important omissions.

(_7_) PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF CLASSES.

The proportion of books to be purchased in each class of literature will depend largely upon the social conditions of the locality and the prominence of local industries.

The following table is merely suggestive:--

General Works _3%_
Philosophy _3%_
Religion _6%_
Sociology _6%_
Philology _2%_
Natural Science _8%_
Useful Arts _9%_
Fine and Recreative Arts _7%_
Literature _35%_
History, Travel and Biography _21%_

(_8_) REFERENCE AND LENDING LIBRARY STOCKS.

The average proportions of Lending and Reference Library stocks are: Lending, 62%; Reference, 38%.

(_9_) PROPORTION OF INCOME FOR BOOKS AFTER ORGANISATION.

18% of income should be spent on books, including old books and replacements.

(_10_) TWENTY-FIVE “QUICK-REFERENCE” BOOKS FOR THE OPEN SHELVES IN A REFERENCE LIBRARY.

_(Arranged according to the Dewey Classification as a mnemonic aid)._

Encyclopædia Britannica.
Baldwin--Dictionary of psychology and philosophy.
Hastings--Dictionary of religion and ethics.
Hastings--Dictionary of the Bible.
Cruden--Concordance.
Palgrave--Dictionary of political economy.
Mulhall--Dictionary of statistics.
Every Man’s Own Lawyer.
Webster--English dictionary.
Murray--New English dictionary.
Clifton and Grimaux--English-French and French-English dictionary.
Grimm--Deutsches Worterbuch.
Lewis and Short--Latin dictionary.
Liddell and Scott--Greek Lexicon.
Watts--Dictionary of chemistry.
Quain--Medical dictionary.
Knight--Business cyclopædia and legal adviser.
Thorpe--Dictionary of applied chemistry.
Bryan--Dictionary of painters and engravers.
Grove--Dictionary of music and musicians.
Cambridge History of English literature.
Haydn--Dictionary of dates.
Dictionary of national biography.
Chambers’s Biographical dictionary.
Low and Pulling--Dictionary of English history.

(_11_) FOURTEEN AUTHOR CONCORDANCES.

BURNS. Reid--Complete word and phrase concordance to the poems and songs of Robert Burns.

COWPER. Neve--Concordance to the poetical works of William Cowper.

DANTE ALIGHIERI. Fay--Concordance of the Divina Commedia.

Sheldon _and_ White--Concordanz a delle opere italiane in prosae del
Canzoniere di Dante Alighieri.

GRAY. Cook--A concordance to the English poems of Thomas Gray.

HOMER. Dunbar--Complete concordance to the Odyssy and Hymns of Homer.

MILTON. Lockwood--Lexicon to the English poetical works of John Milton.

POPE. Abbott--Concordance to the works of Alexander Pope.

SCOTT. Redfern--The wisdom of Sir Walter.

SHAKESPEARE. Bartlett--New and complete concordance of William Shakespeare.

Clarke--Complete concordance to Shakespeare.

SHELLEY. Ellis--Lexical concordance to the poetical works of P. B. Shelley.

TENNYSON. Baker--Concordance to the poetical and dramatic works of Alfred Lord Tennyson.

Brightwell--Concordance to the entire works of Alfred Tennyson.

(_12_) FORTY USEFUL BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG PEOPLE’S ROOM.

Bailey (M. E.)--Boys’ and girls’ ask at home questions. _Illus. 1917._ Explains many things in nature and life which puzzle children.

Baker (E. A.)--Cassell’s New English Dictionary; with an appendix. _1919._ Includes a supplement of War words.

Bartlett (J.), _editor_.--Familiar quotations. _1917._ From ancient and modern literature.

Brewer (E. C.)--The reader’s handbook. _1919._ Famous names in fiction, allusions, references, proverbs, plots, stories and poems.

Chambers’s Biographical Dictionary; edited by D. Patrick and F. H. Groome. _1908._ Brief lives of “the great of all times and nations.”

Chambers’s Twentieth Century Dictionary of the English Language; edited by T. Davidson. _Illus. 1916._

Champlin (J. D.) _Junior_.--The young folks cyclopædia of common things. _2nd edition, enlarged. Illus. 1896._ An attempt to bring encyclopædic knowledge within the range of a child’s intellect. Articles very brief and simply told. Index.

Champlin (J. D.) _Junior_.--The young folks’ cyclopædia of natural history; with editorial co-operation and an introduction by F. A. Lucas. _Illus. 1905._ The cyclopædia covers the entire animal kingdom in an elementary manner.

Crawford (W. R.)--Common words commonly mispronounced. _1894._ A dictionary of correct pronunciation.

Dalgleish (W. S.)--The great authors of English literature. _Illus. 1917._ Contains their lives, and selections from their writings.

Dana (Mrs. W. S.)--How to know the wild flowers. The flowers are arranged according to colour.

Dickinson (A. D.)--One thousand best books. _1924._ Compiled from over fifty published lists of best books made by the librarian and scholars of the University of Pennsylvania.

Everyman’s Encyclopædia; edited by Boyle. _12 vols. Illus._

Fallows (S.)--A complete dictionary of synonyms and antonyms. _1898._ A dictionary of words with the same and opposite meanings.

Gibson (C. R.)--The great ball on which we live. _1915._ Description of the earth and the forces of nature.

Gibson (C. R.)--Great inventions and how they were invented. _1924._ Descriptions of wonderful machines and appliances.

Hall (Cyril)--Conquests of engineering. _Illus. 1926._ Describes the construction of bridges, tunnels, canals, docks and harbours.

Hawks (E.)--The boys’ book of astronomy. _1914._

Haydn--Dictionary of dates. A record of the chief events in the world’s history.

Holden (E. S.)--The sciences. _Illus. 1903._ On astronomy, physics, chemistry, meteorology, etc., and their application to the arts and to daily life.

Kernahan (C.)--The reading girl. _1925._ Chats on the choice of books and methods of reading.

Kirkby (M.) _and_ Kirkby (E.)--The world at home. _Illus. 1912._ Describes the life of the people, and the animals, birds, plants, and insects of foreign countries.

Lyttelton (Mary), _editor_.--A girl’s book of verse. _1925._

Maule (H. E.)--The boys’ book of inventions. _2 vols. Illus. 1921._ Describes the new inventions. The aeroplane. Wireless telegraphy. Tesla turbine. Submarines, etc.

Marshall (H. E.)--English literature for boys and girls. _1924._

Mee (Arthur)--The children’s Bible. _1923._ Beautifully illustrated from the Art Galleries of the world.

Mee (Arthur)--The children’s encyclopædia. _8 vols. Col. Illus._ Articles very brief and simply told.

Mee (Arthur)--One thousand beautiful things. _1925._ Chosen from the life and literature of the World.

Morison (R. C. H.), _editor_.--Chambers’s Recitations for children. Specially selected for the young.

Olcott (W. T.)--Book of the stars for young people.

O’Neill (Elizabeth)--The world’s story: a simple history for boys and girls. _1923._

Patrick (D.) _and_ Geddie (W.), editors.--Chambers’s Concise gazetteer of the world. _1919._

Philip (George), _editor_.--Senior School Atlas. _1921._

Philip (A. M.), _editor_.--A boy’s book of verse. _1925._

Pritchard (A. M.) _and_ Hobbs (E. W.)--Wireless construction. _1925._

Roget (P. M.)--Thesaurus of English words and phrases. _1918._ An aid to English composition.

Synge (M. B.)--The story of the world. _2 vols. Maps. Illus. Vol. 1_--Abraham to A.D. _1745. Vol. 2--1745-1903._

Things all scouts should know. _Illus. 1919._ Information about the navy, army, ships, railways, things seen in town and country, etc.

Turley (Charles)--The voyages of Captain Scott. _1914._ Shows the heroism of the men who gave their lives in the search for the South Pole.

Williams (Archibald)--The boys’ guide. _Illus. 1921._ Indoor and outdoor games, sports, and recreations, photography, model making, use of tools, motor cycles, pets, stamp collecting, reading, etc.

COURSE 3: THEORY OF CLASSIFICATION.

TEXT BOOKS REQUIRED.

Brown (J. D.)--Library classification and cataloguing. _Grafton, 1912. 10s. 6d._

Jevons (W. S.)--Elementary lessons in logic. _Macmillan, 1909. 3s. 6d._

Richardson (S. C.)--Classification, theoretical and practical; together with an appendix, containing an essay towards a bibliographical history of systems of classification. _Scribner, 1912. Also Grafton, 6s. 3d._

Sayers (W. C. B.)--Canons of classification applied to “The Subject,” “The Expansive,” “The Decimal,” and “Library of Congress” classifications: a study in bibliographical classification method. _Grafton, 1915. 3s. 6d._

Sayers (W. C. B.)--An introduction to library classification, theoretical, historical and practical; and, A short course in practical classification; with readings, questions and examination papers. _Grafton, 1922. 10s. 6d._

_Lesson 1._