Chapter XV: Part 15

Gyre-carlin, Louse in rhyme of the, 320.

Hæmorrhoids, Dung-beetle for, 44.

Happiness of Cicadas, 251.

Hair, Cicadas ornaments for the, 251;
insects, 57;
on children’s cheeks, Ants to remove, 161.

_Haltica oleracea_, 74.
_nemorum_, 74.

Hampton Court, Spiders at, 342.

Harvest, augury as to, from Dung-beetle, 28.

_Harvest-flies_, 250-255.

Harvest-man, 321.

Hare, feet of, to drive away Bugs, 266;
urine of, in a prescription, 76.

Harp, Cicada emblem of, 252.

Harts, their antidote for poison, 353.

Hawking with Butterflies, 230.

Hawk, Scarab figured with head of, 34.

_Hawk-moths_, 232-234.

Headache, Scarab on an emerald for, 45.

Head-dresses, Butterflies on, 230.

Heart, worm in the, of a horse, 365.

Hedge-hog kept to kill Roaches, 78.

_Heliocantharus_ of the ancients, 27.

Heliogabalus estimates population of Rome
from collection of Spiders, 334.

Hemorrhages, Ants for, 162;
Galls, 145.

Hen, dung of, for sting of Scorpions, 326;
moisture from mouth of, for same, 327.

Hercules-beetle, 45-47.

Hercules, god of the Flies, 292.

_Heteroptera_, 265-277.

Hieroglyphics, Cicadas as, 253;
Scarab, 35, 37, 43, n.

Hispaniola ravaged by Ants, 166.

History, study of, from cabinet of insects, 369.

Hiving Bees, curious practice at, 189.

Hoax: bloody-rain in Tennessee, 224.

Holy men, Lice nourished by, 317.

Holy water, Caterpillars destroyed with, 243;
Locusts, 116.

_Homoptera_, 250-264.

Honey, 208-211.

Honey-dew, 257.

Hops, Aphides and Lady-birds killed on, 21;
injury to, from Hop-fly, 258.

_Hornets_, 170-174, 194.

Horns of Scarabæi in medicine, 26.

Horse-hair, Gnats destroyed by, 285.

Horse-leeches eaten in Cumana, 98.

Horses, Bots in, 303;
dung of, for sting of Scorpions, 326;
diseases of, Hornets’ nest for, 172;
in descriptions of Locusts, 118;
Hornets generated from carcass of, 171, 184;
Wasps, 170.

Hottentots, Bee-dance of, 211;
make floors of clay of Ant-hills, 135;
origin of Locusts, 123;
worship of Mantis, 84-88.

House-fly, 41, 287-301.

House-leek for sting of Scorpions, 326.

_Humble-bees_, 213.

Hundred hives of Bees, cannot have, 188.

Hungary, Fleas in, 308;
poisonous Fly, 303;
shower of insects, 365.

Hydrophobia, Oil-beetles for, 63.

_Hymenoptera_, 142-215.

Hymn, singing of, when hiving Bees, 190.

Hysteria, Bed-bugs for, 267.

Ibis in Egypt, 43, n.

Iceland, bloody-rain in, 218.

Ideographic, Scarab as an, 35.

Ignatius, Lice nourished by, 317.

Illness, omen of, from Black-beetle, 82;
Grasshopper, 98.

Incantations, Locusts destroyed by, 116.

Incontinence detected by Bees, 181.

India, Ants in, 152;
Blister-flies, 63;
_Buprestidæ_, 50;
Dung-beetle, 29;
fabled gold-loving Ants of, 146;
Fire-flies in, 57;
larva of beetle eaten in, 70;
Mantis in, 83;
Silk-worms, 235;
Spiders, 342;
Termites, 132-137.

Indians, American, Butterfly totem of, 229;
Caterpillars destroyed by, 244;
Cicadas eaten, 254;
Cut-worms destroyed, 247;
Grasshoppers eaten, 99;
name for Bees, 197.

Ingenuity of Ants, 154.

Ink, Galls in manufacture of, 145.

Inquisitive persons compared to Flies, 291.

Ireland, Bees in, 181;
Coffin-cutter, 368;
Gnats, 281;
May-bugs, 48;
Spiders, 358.

Irish oak, Spiders repelled by, 340.

Isis, respect of Scorpions for, 328;
Scarab figured with the head of, 34.

Italy, Blister-flies in, 63;
Glow-worms, 57;
Gnats, 281;
Locusts, 102-130;
Scorpions, 324;
Silk-worms, 237.

Ivory, Ants carved out of, 170.

Jack-’o-lanterns, Glow-worms supposed to be, 57;
Mole-crickets, 57.

James I., anecdote of, 239.

Jamaica, _Cantharis maxima_, in, 64;
Cockroaches, 78;
Crickets, 96;
Dragon-flies, 140;
frogs, 55;
Gnats, 282.

Japan, Grasshoppers in, 100;
Moths and Night-flies, 242.

Jaundice, _Blatta_ of Pliny for, 67;
Lice, 319;
Oil of Scorpions, 330.

Java, larvæ of beetle eaten in, 70;
Mantis in, 87.

Jays preserved to kill Locusts, 114.

Jerusalem saved by Locusts, 119.

Jews, Locusts eaten by, 101;
as playthings for children, 130;
massacred on account of bloody-rain, 218;
not permitted to burn Fleas, 311.

Jiggers, 314.

Julian the Apostate, army of, routed by Mosquitoes, 282.

July, swarm of Bees in, 192.

June, swarm of Bees in, 192.

Jupiter in the form of an Ant, 151.

Katy-did, 131.

Kermes-dye, 259.

Killing Bees for their Honey, 190.

King Calowa, Lady-bird called, 20.

King-fisher to keep away Clothes’-moth, 249.

King of the Fleas, 307;
Locusts, 127.

King’s evil, _Blatta_ of Pliny for, 66.

Knife-grinder, Hercules-beetle called the, 46.

Koran, the Ant of the, 153.

Kuffelar’s color, origin of, 262.

Labor, Flies driven away from women in, 292;
insect to relieve, 368.

Lac, -dye, -lake, 262.

_Lady-birds_, 17-23.

La Lande, Spiders eaten by, 355.

Lamp, Cucuji used as, 54.

_Lampyridæ_, 55-58.

_Lantern-flies_, 255-6.

Laock, Cockroach in the ear of, 79.

Lapland, _Acanthocinus ædilis_ in, 73;
Crane-flies, 286.

Lard, Fleas kept away with, 308.

Latin, study of, from names of insects, 369.

Lauzun and his pet Spider, 336.

Law, Mosquitoes to execute the, 284.

Lawsuit between Commune of St. Julien and an Insect, 71.

_Leather-beetles_, 24.

Leather, Galls in manufacture of, 145.

Leaf becoming a Butterfly, 230.

Leeches, Bed-bugs to remove or kill, 267.

_Lecanium coffea_, 158.

Legends connected with Bees, 174-180;
Katy-did, 131.

Lemurs kept to kill Roaches, 78.

Lentigo, Ants remedy for, 161.

Lepaute, Madame, Spiders eaten by, 355.

_Lepidoptera_, 216-249.

Leprosy, Ants for, 161;
_Buprestis_, 51;
Cantharides, 63;
_Mylœcon_ of Pliny, 66.

Lethargy, Bed-bugs for, 268.

Letters on wings of Locusts, 119.

Lettuce-seed for sting of Scorpions, 326.

_Leucania unipunctata_, 247.

Levant, Aphis for dyeing in, 258.

_Libellula depressa_, 139.
_quadrimaculata_, 139.

_Libellulidæ_, 138-140.

_Lice_, 266, 306, 308, 316-320.

Lichen, _Buprestis_ for, 51;
Cantharides, 63.

Lierman, 254.

Light from Cucuji, 51-3;
perpetual, from Glow-worms, 56;
of the Lantern-fly, 255.

Linnæus and the genus _Pausus_, 23.

Lion, Bees from carcass of, slain by Samson, 194;
driven mad by Mosquitoes, 284;
fat of, to drive away Flies, 289;
put to flight by Scorpions, 324;
Scarab-images with head of, 36;
skin of, to destroy Clothes’-moth, 249.

Lithuania, Bees in, 186.

Lizard for sting of Scorpions, 326.

_Locusta migratoria_, 101-131.
_tartarica_, 117.

_Locustidæ_, 101-131.

_Locusts_, 101-131, 326.

Loke in the form of a Fly, 294.

London, vending of Bug-poison in, 268;
Fly-papers, 296;
Phosphor Paste for killing Roaches, etc., 80-82.

Love divination, Lady-bird in, 19-20;
Mantis, 89.

Lover, approach of, foretold by Crickets, 93.

_Lucanidæ_, 24-27.

_Lucanus cervus_, 24-27.
etymology of, 24.

Luck, omens of, from Bees, 185;
Crickets, 93-94;
Spiders, 339.

Lump-lac, 263.

Lunacy, Scorpion for, 330.

Lupines to drive away Locusts, 114.

Lutfullah and the Scorpion, 329;
Termites, 134.

_Lygæus hyoscami_, 267.

Madagascar, Silk-worms eaten in, 240.

Mad-dogs, Honey for bite of, 208;
Oil-beetles, 63.

Magical knots, nests of Carpenter-bee supposed to be, 213.

Magicians, Ants used by, 162;
beetle, 45.

Magistrate chosen by a Louse, 316.

Malabar, Ants in, 152;
Lice, 317;
Termites, 133.

Maladies of Ants, 164.

_Mala Sodomitica_, 145.

Man, first formed by a Spider, 342;
Scarab figured with the head of, 34.

Mandrake, bears poisoned with, how cured, 163.

Manilla, Rose-chafers kept as pets in, 50.

_Mantes_, 82-92, 157.

_Mantidæ_, 82-92.

_Mantis causta_, 84.
_oratoria_, 82-92.
_siccifolia_, 92.

Manure, Day-flies used as, 138.

Maryland, Black-beetle in, 82;
Blacksmith-beetle, 55;
Butterfly, 229;
Caterpillars, 242;
Crickets, 95;
Glow-worm, 57;
Grasshoppers, 100;
Katy-did, 131.

Marriage-feast, Bees invited to, 188.

Mass, Locusts in celebration of, 130.

Matchlocks, Cucuji mistaken for, 53, 54.

Mauritius, Wasps eaten in, 174.

_May-bugs_, 47-49.

May, swarm of Bees in, 192.

_Meal-worms_, 65.

Measles, Lady-bird for the, 21.

Measuring-worms, 248.

Medicated earth from Ants’-nests, 162.

Medicine, Ants in, 161-163;
Bed-bugs, 266-268;
Bees, 206;
_Blaps sulcata_, 65;
_Blatta_ of Pliny, 65-66;
_Buprestidæ_, 51;
Cantharides, 62-64;
Caterpillars, 245;
Cochineal, 262;
Crickets, 97;
Curculios, 71;
Ear-wigs, 76;
Fleas, 311;
Flies, 295;
Gall-flies, 145;
Glow-worm, 57;
Grasshoppers, 100;
Honey, 208;
Honey-dew, 257;
Hornets’ nest, 172;
Lady-bird, 21;
Lice, 319;
Locusts, 130;
Musk-beetles, 73;
Oil-beetles, 62;
Scarabs, 44;
Scorpions, 329;
Silk-worms, 240;
Spiders, 357-360;
Stag-beetle, 26;
Wax, 206, 254.

Mediterranean, Flies in the, 287.

_Meloe_, 63.

_Melolontha vulgaris_, 42, 47.

_Melolonthidæ_, 47-49.

Men killed by sting of Sirex, 142.

Menstruous women, Caterpillars destroyed by, 244;
stung by Bees, 182.

Mercury, Scarab emblematical of, 32.

Merian, Madame, her account of the Lantern-fly, 255.

Metempsychosis under form of insects, 246.

Mexico, Ants in, 157, 159;
Cochineal, 261;
Cucujus, 53-54;
Lice, 316, 318;
silk from a _Bombyx_, 239;
Water-boatmen, 275.

Mice for sting of Scorpions, 326;
generation of, 322.

Micrometer, Spider’s web for divisions of, 362.

Midas, riches of, foretold by Ants, 151.

_Midas_ in head of mummy, 41.

Migrations of Aphides, 258;
Bees, 199;
Butterflies, 225;
Dragon-flies, 139-140;
Lady-birds, 21.

Milk, association of Butterflies with, 231.

Millet, time to sow, indicated by Glow-worms, 58.

Milton’s fondness for Crickets, 95.

Mississippi, the Gallinipper of the, 285.

Missouri, Fleas in, 307.

_Mites_, 320-321.

Mob dispersed with Bees, 204.

Mocking-birds, Spiders fed to, 357.

Mohammed, anecdote of, 209;
life of, saved by Spiders, 333.

Mole-cricket, 57.

_Monas prodigiosa_, 222.

Money-spinners, 339.

Money eaten by Termites, 132.

Monkeys kept to kill Roaches, 78;
singular use of an, 156;
Spiders fed to, 357.

Monk, life of, saved by a Spider, 341;
poisoned with a Spider, 351.

Month, Scarab symbol of an Egyptian, 33.

Moon, beds to be cleaned in dark of, 266;
horns of Stag-beetles dedicated to, 26;
Scarab symbol of, 31;
subject to, 32;
swarms of Locusts from, 118.

Moorish ladies frightened by Glow-worms, 56.

Morea, etymology of, 237.

Mormons, Locusts among the, 112.

Morocco, Locusts in, 107-130.

_Morus alba_, 237.

Moscow, mulct laid upon, for not catching Fleas, 311.

_Mosquitoes_, 196, 278-286.

Mourning, Bees put into, 186.

Mule, Hornets generated from carcass of, 171;
Locusts, 101.

Mummy, insects in head of, 41;
for sting of Scorpions, 326.

_Musca domestica_, 287-301.

_Musidæ_, 287-301.

Mushrooms, Honey antidote for poisonous, 208.

Music, effect of, on persons bitten by Tarantulas, 351;
on Spiders, 334;
of Cicadas, 252.

Musicians, Cicadas symbols of, 253.

_Musk-beetles_, 72-74.

Mustard to destroy Locusts, 114.

Myas dispeopled by Fleas, 307.

_Mycetophila_, 286.

Myiodes, the god of Flies, 292.

_Mylabris cichorii_, 63.
_pustulata_, 63.

_Myrmeleonidæ_, 141.

Myrmidons, the, 150.

Narvaez prevented from attacking Cortes by Cucuji, 53.

_Necrobia mumiarum_, 41.

Negroes run for their lives from Ants, 157.

Nerves, Oil of Ear-wigs for strengthening, 76.

Netherlands, Lady-bird in, 20;
Spiders, 340.

Nets, Mosquitoes kept away with, 282.

New England, Cut-worm in, 247;
Humble-bees, 213.

New Granada, Ants in, 160.

Newt for sting of Scorpions, 326.

New York, Butterflies in, 229.

_Neuroptera_, 132-141.

Night-fly of Japan, 242.

Nightingales, pupæ of Ants food for, 159.

Nile, Bee-hive barges on the, 200.

Nits, 320.

Noah and the origin of Vermin, 306;
Wood-tic pinned by, 321.

_Noctiluca terrestris_, 57.

_Noctua graminis_, 246.

_Noctuidæ_, 246-248.

Noise made by flights of Locusts, 117.

North Carolina, Spiders for ague in, 359.

_Notonecta unifasciata_, 276.

_Notonectidæ_, 275-277.

Nun, antipathy of a, to a beetle, 74;
frightened by a Hawk-moth, 233.

Nut-galls of commerce, 144-145.

Nut-shell, Spider in, for ague, 358.

Nuts for sting of Scorpions, 326.

Oak-balls, superstition connected with, 143.

_Œdipoda corallipes_, 112.

_Œstridæ_, 302-304.

_Œstrus equi_, 302.
_ovis_, 302.

Ohio, Bed-bugs for ague in, 268.

_Oiketicus_, 245.

Oil-beetles, 63.

Old folks, Crickets supposed to be, 95.

Ophthalmia, Fly in linen for, 295.

Orange-trees injured by _Coccidæ_, 264.

Orators compared to Cicadas, 252.

Ornaments, Blister-flies as, 64;
Butterflies, 229;
_Buprestidæ_, 50;
Cicadas, 251;
Cucujus, 54;
Diamond-beetle, 68;
Fire-flies, 57;
_Geotrupes stercorarius_, 44;
Glow-worms, 57;
Gold-beetles, 23;
Lady-bird, 21;
Scarabs, 38;
Spiders, 354.

_Orthoptera_, 78-131.

_Oryctes rhinoceros_, 46.

Ovens, Ant-hills made into, 134;
Crickets reared in, 96.

Owlet antidote for sting of Bees, 193.

Oxford, bringing in the Fly at, 291.

Painted, Flies on vessels newly, 287.

Palm-tree, generation of the, 322.

Palm-weevil, 68-70.

Palpitations, wax to prevent, 254.

Palsy, Ants remedy for, 162.

Pans, beating of, when Bees swarm, 189.

Paper, manufacture of, from silk, 239.

_Papilionidæ_, 216-232.

Paradise, Solomon’s Ant in, 153.

Paraguay, Spiders in, 362.

Parasol, swarm of Bees on a lady’s, 214.

Paris, Cucujus in, 53.

Park, Mungo, attacked by Bees, 203.

_Parnassius Apollo_, 367.

Paroxysms, Spiders for, 358.

Parthians, Locusts eaten by, 121.

_Passalus cornutus_, 27.

Paul, Prince, anecdote of, 369.

_Pausidæ_, 23-24.

Peace foretold by Locusts, 119.

_Pediculidæ_, 316-320.

_Pediculi corporis_, 317.

_Pedipalpi_, 321-331.

Peiresc’s solution of bloody-rain, 218.

Pelisson and his pet Spider, 335.

Pennsylvania, Bees in, 182, 188;
Butterflies, 229.

Persia, _Aphis_ in, 258;
Scorpions, 328;
Silk-worms, 235.

Peruvians, Flies offered to the Sun by, 292.

Pestilence foretold by Spiders, 143.

Petrified Bee-hive, 214.

Pets, beetles as, 50;
Mantis, 88-90;
Spiders, 235.

Pewter for sting of Scorpions, 326.

Phaerus, Spiders eaten by, 355.

Phaeton’s sisters, origin of fable of, 91, n.

_Phalangidæ_, 321.

_Phalangium_, 321.

Philology, study of, from names of insects, 369.

Phonetic, Scarab as a, 35.

Phosphor Paste for killing Roaches, etc.,
manufacture and vending of, 80-82.

Phthiriasis, 121, 320.

Phthisic, Honey-dew for, 257.

Physicians, Pliny’s invective against, 67.

Piety of Bees, 174-177.

Pigeon for sting of Scorpions, 326;
Mohammed’s life saved by, 333.

Pig-manure, Bee-hives prepared with, 189.

_Pimelia spinulosa_, 41.

Pindar, Bees induce, to write verses, 178.

Pismires, 146-170.

_Pithecius_, 41.

Plague, oil of Scorpions for, 330;
occasioned by Locusts, 101-118.

_Plant-lice_, 257-259.

Plants, animals becoming, 90-92.

Plato, eloquence of, foretold by Bees, 178.

_Platyphyllon concavum_, 131.

Plenty foretold by Lady-bird, 18.

Plum, Ear-wig in a, 76.

Poems on a Flea, 313.

Poison of Spiders, antidotes for, 356;
from ants, 161.

Poisonous Honey, 210.

Poland, poisonous Sirex in, 142;
scarlet grain of, 260;
Locusts in, 103-130.

_Poma insana_, 145.

_Pontia brassicæ_, 225.
_cardimines_, 226.

Poor Humphrey’s satire on killing Fleas, 309.

Popes, Caterpillars cursed by, 243.

Poppy, Honey antidote for, 208.

_Poterium sanguisorba_, 260.

Prayers offered to destroy caterpillars, 242;
to prevent stinging of Scorpions, 327.

Praying-Mantis, 82-92.

Priest, Cicada symbol of, 253.

_Primæ viæ_, acidity in, Stag-beetle for, 26.

_Prionus cervicornis_, 74.
_coriarius_, 27.
_damicornis_, 27, 73.

Prognostications from Ants, 152;
Army-worm, 243;
Bees, 178;
Butterflies, 229;
Cicadas, 252;
comets, 246;
Crane-fly, 286;
Crickets, 92;
Daddy-Long-legs, 321;
Death’s-head Moth, 232;
Death-watch, 58;
Dragon-fly, 140;
Dung-beetle, 148;
Fleas, 310;
Flies, 289;
Gall-flies, 143;
Glow-worm, 57;
Gnats, 280;
Grasshoppers, 98;
Hornets, 172;
Katy-did, 131;
Lady-bird, 18;
Locusts, 119;
Mantis, 82;
May-bugs, 47;
Moths, 242;
Span-worms, 248;
Spiders, 336-340;
Wasps, 173.

Propolis, curious uses of, by Bees, 210.

Prosecution against Ants, 168.

Prosperity foretold by Ants, 152.

Proverbial phrases connected with Bees, 212.

Psalms, singing of, to Bees, 188.

Psyche, Butterfly symbol of, 228.

_Psychidæ_, 245-246.

Pthah, Scarab sacred to, 30;
emblematical of, 32.

Pthah Tore, Scarab emblematical of, 33.

Pthah-Sokari-Osiris, Scarab emblem of, 33.

_Ptinidæ_, 58-61.

Public events, Bees informed of, 185.

_Pulex irritans_, 305-314.
_penetrans_, 314.

_Pulicidæ_, 305-315.

_Pulices arborescentes_, 223.

Pupæ of Ants as food for birds, 159;
of Termites eaten, 137.

Purgatory, beetle connected with, 368.

Putrefaction, generation from, 290, 322.

_Pygolampis Italica_, 56.

Pythagoreans, Honey eaten by, 209.

_Python natalensis_ killed by Ants, 157.

Quang-tong, Butterflies of, 229.

Quarrel prognosticated by Blacksmith-beetle, 55.

Quarrelsome family, Bees will not thrive for, 184.

Quartan ague, Bed-bugs for, 267;
Spiders, 359.

_Quercus ilex_, 259.

Quinsey, Caterpillars for, 245.

Radish to destroy Scorpions, 325.

Rain: see weather.

Rain, bloody, 216-225.

Rain-doctors, Locusts brought by, 125.

Ram, flesh of, for sting of Scorpions, 326;
Scarab figured with head of, 34.

Ravages of the Antler-moth, 246;
Ants, 166-169;
_Coccus Hesperidum_, 264;
_Dermestes vulpinus_, 24;
Ear-wigs, 76;
Gnats and Mosquitoes, 281-283;
Grasshoppers, 100;
Hop-fly, 258;
larvæ of Woolly-bear Moths, 242;
Locusts, 101-118;
May-bugs, 48, 49;
Scorpions, 327;
Spiders, 353;
Termites, 132-134;
Turnip-fly, 74;
Typographer-beetle, 61.

Raven and the Scorpion, a fable, 331.

Reason of Ants, 154.

Red-haired persons stung by Bees, 182.

Red snow, origin of, 220, n.

Regeneration, Scarab symbol of, 33.

Rewards offered for killing Ants, 167;
Locusts, 116.

Revenue of “Lice” of Montecusuma, 316.

Rheumatism, Oil-beetle for, 63.

_Rhynchitus auratus_, 71.

Richards, _Buprestidæ_ called, 51.

Rifle-balls, protection against, 241.

Ringing swarms of Bees, 189.

Rings, Scarab as signet in, 32, 39.

Riordan, Mary, insects in stomach of, 67.

Roach, sound as a, 79.

Robin, veneration for the, 43, n.

Rock, solid, living Bees in, 215.

Romans, Bees in divination by, 215;
_Cossi_ eaten, 27;
Scarab emblem adopted by, 32;
silks used, 236.

Rome, Flies in, 289;
showers of blood in, 216.

_Rose-chafers_, 49.

Rotharmel, Peter, 188.

Rouge, Cochineal made into, 262.

Rue, antidote for poisons, 193.

Russia, Honey in, 195;
Locusts, 104-130.

Sabbath, Jews not permitted to burn Fleas on the, 311.

Sacred-Scarab of the Egyptians, 29-44.

St. Ambrose, eloquence of, foretold by Bees, 178.
Domingo and the Flea, 310.
Eustace, Spider at church of, 343.
Felix, life of, saved by Spiders, 333.
Francis, Lice nourished by, 317.
George, Flies from the dragon killed by, 304;
prayer to, to keep away Scorpions, 327.
John, Locusts eaten by, 125.
Hector, manner of discovering Bee-trees, 198.
’s day, fires to kill Canker-worms on, 248.
Julien, lawsuit between Commune of, and an Insect, 71.
Macarius, penance of, for killing a Gnat, 285.
Milburge, cure effected by the water in which his bones
were washed, 364.
Roche and “Sound as a Roach,” 79.
Saturnine, patron saint to destroy Ants, 166.
Xavier and the Mantis, 88.

Salt, use of, in witchcraft, 207.

Salamander, antidote for poison of, 193.

Samson, Bees from lion slain by, 184, 194.

Sandwich Islands, Fleas in, 306.

Sapor, army of, routed by Mosquitoes, 283.

Scaliger, his fondness for Crickets, 95.

Scandinavia, Dung-beetle in, 28-29;
Lady-bird in, 17.

_Scarabæidæ_, 27-45.

_Scarabæus auratus_, 45.
_cornutus_, 26.
_nasicornis_, 45.
_pilurarius_, 27-44, 293.
_sacer_, 27-44.
_unctuosus_, 63.

Scarlet, history of dyeing, 259.

Schurman, Anna Maria, Spiders eaten by, 355.
cured of boils by Ants, 162.

_Scleranthus perennis_, 260.

Scolopendras as food, 365.

_Scorpions_, 65, 100, 295, 321-331.

Scotland, bloody-rain in, 221;
Flies, 289;
Humble-bees, 213;
Lady-birds, 19-20;
Lice, 319, 320.

Scrofula in horses, combs of Hornets’ nest for, 172.

Scurvy, Bedeguar for, 144.

Scutcheons, Scarab on Egyptian royal, 35.

Scythia, Lice in, 318.

Sea-crabs, Scorpions generated from, 322.

Sea-water for sting of Scorpions, 326.

Seals, Scarab-gems as, 39.

Sechell Islands, Dry-leaf Mantis in, 92.

Seed-lac, 263.

Seeds, Cochineal supposed to be, 261;
sown in the hide of a tortoise, 75.

Selborne, the Bee-eater of, 205.

Selk, Scorpion emblem of, 328.

Selling of Bees, notions concerning, 185.

Septuagint, Bee eulogized in the, 212.

Serpents and Ants, 157;
enmity between Spiders and, 341;
Honey for bite of, 208;
a Mantis the parent of the, 157;
of Tiberias Cæsar eaten by Ants, 151;
to kill Nits, 320;
worship of, in Egypt, 43, n.

Seventeen-year Locust, 254.

Sheep, artificial migration of, 198;
dung of, for bite of Spider, 356;
killed by Ants, 157;
maggots in brain of, 302.

_Shield-lice_, 259-264.

Shell-lac, 263.

Ships, monkeys kept on board, to kill Roaches, 78.

Showers of blood, 216-225;
of Gossamer, 347;
insects with snow, 364.

Siam, Ants in, 159;
interpretation of signs and dreams of insects in, 370;
beetle for fighting in, 368;
Grasshoppers in, 98;
Spiders, 354.

Sideritis, the herb, for sting of Scorpions, 326.

Singing to Bees, 188.

Signs: see prognostications and superstitions.

Silesia, poisonous Sirex in, 142.

Silk of Silk-worms, 234-241, 248.
Spiders, 361.

_Silk-worm Moths_, 234-241.

Silver for sting of Scorpions, 325, 326.

Sins expiated by assisting Dung-beetles, 28.

_Sirex fusicornis_, 142.
_gigas_, 142.
_juvencus_, 142.
_spectrum_, 142.

Skull, Bees make Honey in a, 195.

Sleep, Caterpillar to procure, 245;
chirping of Crickets to induce, 95-96.

Sleight-of-hand, supposed performance of, 372.

Sloth, Fleas to prevent, 306.

Sluggard referred to the Ant, 148.

Smoke to drive away Locusts, 115.

Snails embalmed by Bees, 210;
eaten in the West Indies, 98.

Snake, living, hung by a Spider, 345;
danger from, in collecting Locusts, 124;
fed by Dragon-flies, 139.

Snow, Fleas on the, 314;
Gnats falling with, 280;
insects in numbers on, 364;
origin of red, 220, n.

Soap, beetle made into, 23;
Cicadas, 254.

Socrates measures the jump of a Flea, 311.

Solomon and the Ant, 148;
Ant in Paradise, 153.

Song, Locusts kept for sake of, 130;
vessel saved by song of a Spanish Gryllo, 130.

Son, Scarab emblematical of an only, 33.

Soothsayers, 82-92.

Soul, Butterfly symbol of, 228;
Moths supposed to be, 243;
of industrious from Ants, 150.

Sound as a Roach, 79.

South America, Ants in, 160;
Goliath-beetle, 46;
Grou-grou worm, 69;
Hercules-beetle, 45-46;
Termites, 132-137.

Spain, Bees in, 212;
Cantharides, 63;
Locusts, 102-130;
Silk-worms, 237.

_Spanish-flies_, 62.

Spanish Inquisition, detectives of, called Flies, 292.

_Span-worms_, 248.

Sparrman, Dr., anecdote of, 366.

Spawn, fish, Locusts hatched from, 118;
sold for eggs of Silk-worms, 241.

Spectacles, Hornets’ nest to clean, 172.

Speke, Capt., beetle in the ear of, 79, n.

_Spiders_, 61, 99, 113, 193, 322, 324, 332-362, 370.

Spirits, Ants and lizards eaten by, 161.

Sphex, notion respecting, 174.

_Sphingidæ_, 232-234.

_Sphinx Atropos_, 232.
_(Deilephila) hippophaes_, 367.
_ligustris_, 233.

_Spring-beetles_, 51-55.

Spring, Scarab symbolical of, 33.

Squill for sting of Scorpions, 326.

_Stag-beetles_, 24-27.

Stag, feet of, to drive away Bugs, 266.

_Sternocera chrysis_, 50.
_sternicornis_, 50.

Stick-lac, 263.

Stiffness in knees cured by Ants, 162.

Sting of Bees, Hornets, etc., remedies for, 174, 193.

Stockings, silk, 238.

Stolen Bees will not thrive, 184.

Stomach, insects introduced into the human, 67.

Stone, Bedeguar for, 144;
Glow-worm, 57;
Scorpions, 329.

Storm, prognostication of, from Gnats, 280.

Strangles in horses, combs of Hornets for, 172.

Strangury, Bed-bugs for, 267;
Bees, 206.

Strength of Dung-beetle, 28;
Flea, 311;
Stag-beetle, 25.

Success foretold by Glow-worm, 57.

Sudorific, Cochineal as a, 262.

Sumatra, Cricket in, 96.

Sun, Ants sacrificed to, 153;
Flies, 292;
Scarab sacred to, 30;
the first worship of the, 36.

Superstitions connected with Agaric-Gnat, 286;
Ants, 151;
_Acanthocinus ædilis_, 73;
Army-worm, 247;
Butterflies, 229;
Caterpillars, 242;
Cockroaches, 80-82;
Crickets, 92-95;
Death-watch, 58-61, 91;
Death’s-head Moth, 232;
Dragon-flies, 138, 140;
Dung-beetle, 28;
Ear-wig, 76;
Flies, 290;
Gall-flies, 143;
Glow-worm, 57;
Grasshoppers, 98, 100;
Katy-did, 131;
Lady-birds, 17-23;
Locusts, 119;
Mantis, 82-92;
Silk-worms, 239;
Stag-beetles, 25;
Scorpions, 322-331;
Spiders, 339;
Wasps and Hornets, 173;
Span-worms, 248.

Surinam, Cicadas in, 254;
Fire-ants, 157;
Gnats, 280;
Lantern-flies, 255.

Surat, hospital at, for animals, 266.

Swallow, heart of, for lunacy, 330;
odious and impious, 251.

Swammerdam, anecdote of, 363.

Swarms of Ants, 164;
Aphides, 258;
Butterflies, 225;
Cantharides, 64;
Day-flies, 138;
Dragon-flies, 139-140;
Flies, 287;
Gnats, 278;
Lady-birds, 21;
May-bugs, 48.

Swarming of Bees, notions concerning, 185-190.

Sweat, Fleas generated from, 305.

Sweden, _Acanthocinus ædilis_ in, 73;
Ants, 161;
_Blaps mortisaga_, 65;
Fleas, 308;
Grasshoppers, 100;
Lady-bird, 17;
Lice, 316.

Switzerland, Caterpillars in, 158, n.

Swoonings, wax to prevent, 254.

Sword, in charm to destroy Fleas, 308.

Sybils resorted to, to drive away Locusts, 113.

Syria, Galls from, 145;
Locusts in, 103-130.

Tamableness of the Fly, 289.

Tarantula, 351.

Taylor, Mrs., and her Crickets, 95;
Mantis, 88-90.

_Telephorus fuscus_, 364.

Tempests raised by magicians, 45.

Tendons, Stag-beetle for contractions of, 26.

_Tenebrio molitor_, 65, 68.

_Tenebrionidæ_, 65.

Teneriffe, Locusts in Island of, 104.

Tennessee, bloody-rain in, 224.

Terambus transformed into the Cerambyx, 73.

_Terias lisa_, 227.

_Termes bellicosus_, 135.

_Termites_, 132-137.

_Termitidæ_, 132-137.

Tertian ague, Bed-bugs for, 268;
Spiders, 359.

Tettix, 250.

Thebes, Spiders in, 338.

Thor, Dung-beetle sacred to, 28.

Thread, sewing, Spider’s web used for, 362.

Throat, Crickets for affections of, 96.

Tiberias Cæsar, death of, foretold by Ants, 151.

Tiffin and Son, Bug-destroyers in London, 268.

Timour and the Ant, 154.

Timpany, Spiders for, 360.

_Tinea padilla_, 248.
_punctata_, 248.
_tapetzella_, 249.

_Tineidæ_, 248, 249.

_Tipulidæ_, 286.

Toads, enmity between Spiders and, 341.

Tobacco, clay of Ant-hills as substitute for, 135.

Toothache, Curculios for, 71;
Lady-bird, 21;
tooth-picks of Spiders’ mandibles for, 354.

Tooth-picks, mandibles of Spiders for, 354.

Tortoise and the Scorpion, a fable, 330;
Bugs administered in the blood of, 267;
gall of, in medicine, 209;
seeds sown in the hide of, 75.

Torture, Ants as an instrument of, 158;
Flies, 296;
Mosquitoes, 284;
Termites, 135.

Tonga Group, Ants in, 161.

Trade in insects, 229, 255, 307, 366.

Transylvania, Locusts in, 105-126.

Tumuli, Leather-beetles buried in, 24.

Turenne’s aversion for Spiders, 344.

Turkey, beetle eaten by women in, 65;
Mantis in, 84.

_Turnip-fly_, 74.

_Typographer-beetles_, 61.

Ulcers, _Blatta_ of Pliny for, 66;
Cockroaches, 78;
Honey-dew, 258.

Unchastity, insect to discover, 367;
punished by Bees, 181.

Unclean thoughts, Flies emblem of, 292.

United States, Ant-lions in, 141;
Cicadas, 254;
Spiders, 340;
see Indians, American; New England; New York; Maryland; Ohio;
Mississippi; Pennsylvania; North Carolina; Virginia.

Urine, Fleas generated from, 305;
forced with Cantharides, 63;
Lice to suppress, 319;
Stag-beetle, 26.

_Uroceridæ_, 142.

_Vanessa cardui_, 226, 230.
_polychloros_, 220.
_urticæ_, 220, 230.

Vegetable-flies, 90-92.

Venery, Ants to provoke to, 161.

Veneration for _Acanthocinus ædilis_, 73;
chrysalids of Butterflies, 308;
Mantis, 83-88;
Scarab, 28-44.

Vermin, origin of, 305.

Vertigo, silk-worms for, 240.

Vesicatory, Cantharides as, 63;
_Cerambyx moschatus_, 73.

_Vespa crabro_, 171.

_Vespidæ_, 170-174.

Vessel attacked by Termites, 133;
saved from being wrecked by song of a Spanish Gryllo, 130.

Vienna, Lady-bird at, 17.

Vines, to prevent “Cantharides” from injuring, 64.

Vipers, generation of, 322.

Virginia, Ants in, 152;
Caterpillars, 242;
Crickets, 95.

Virgin Mary, Lady-bird dedicated to, 17, 18.

Virgins, hatred of Scorpions for, 324.

Virtues of Honey, 208.

Vives, Ludovicus, eloquence of, foretold by Bees, 178.

Voluptuary, Scarab emblematical of a, 33.

Vomiting, Bugs for, 267.

Vulture, gall of, in medicine, 219.

Wall-lice, 265.

War, omens of, from Agaric-Gnat, 286;
Gall-fly, 143;
Gnats, 280;
Locusts, 119;
Spiders, 338;
waged against Locusts, 114;
Bees idle during, 184.

Warbles, 303.

Wars of Ants, 151.

Warrior, Scarab emblematical of, 32.

Warts, Cobwebs to remove, 359;
Grasshoppers, 100.

Washington City, Mantis in, 88.

Washington, General, Mosquitoes pierce boots of, 281.

_Wasps_, 170-174, 194, 202.

Water as a charm to destroy Locusts, 116;
found from swarms of Gnats, 280.

_Water-boatmen_, 275-277.

Wax, Bees-, 206-208.
_Pela_, 254.

Way, lost, discovered by Mantis, 83.

Weasel, young of, for bite of Spider, 356.

Weather, prognostications as to, from Ants, 153;
Bees, 182, 194;
Butterflies, 229;
Fleas, 310;
Flies, 290;
Hornets, 172;
Spiders, 336;
Lady-bird connected with fine, 17, 18.

_Weevils_, 68-72.

West Indies, Ants in, 162, 167;
Cucujus, 51;
Grasshoppers, 98;
Grou-grou worm, 68-70;
Musk-beetle, 73;
Spiders, 354;
saved from invasion by Cucuji, 53.

Whales, generation of, 322.

Wheat, prices of, connected with the ocean tides, 188, n.

Whistles to call cattle, made of beetle-shards, 369.

_White ants_, 132-137.

White-clover, Indian name for, 197.

Wildman, anecdotes of, 201.

Wind, Aphides produced by a, 258.

Winter, prognostication from May-bug as to, 47.

Wisdom of the Ant exaggerated, 148-151.

Witchcraft, beetle against, 44;
Bot-fly in, 303;
Humble-bees, 213;
use of wax in, 206.

Witches in the forms of Flies, 294.

Wolf, tail of, to drive away Flies, 288;
Wasps generated from carcass of, 171.

Women, hatred of Scorpions for, 324.

Wood-louse, Death-watch supposed to be, 61.

Woodpecker to keep Bees from stinging, 193.

Wood-carrying Moth, 245.

Wood-tic, 321.

Wool, rain of, 348;
to drive away Ants, 170.

_Woolly-bear Moths_, 242-245.

World, Scarab symbolical of, 30.

Worm in the heart of a horse, 365;
from stomach of a woman, 364.

Wormals, 303.

Worms extracted from children’s ears, 371;
intestinal, Bedeguar for, 144;
charm, 365;
Cockroaches, 78;
oil of Scorpions, 330;
powder of a tombstone, 363.

Worm-wood to destroy Fleas, 308.

Worship of the Mantis, 83-88;
pupæ of Butterflies, 230;
Scarab, 28-44;
Egyptian, of animals, 43, n.

Wounds, _Blatta_ of Pliny for, 66;
Crickets, 97;
Oil-beetles, 63;
Spiders, 359.

Zephyr, Butterfly symbol of, 229.

Zisca, what he meant by “cobwebs,” 356.

FOOTNOTES.

[1] Thorpe’s Northern Mythol., ii. 104.

[2] Jamieson’s _Scot. Dict._ Another designation, in Sweden, is not so honorable, for it is that of _Laettfaerdig kona_, the Wanton Quean.--_Ibid._ The term Lady-bird, in England, has been also applied to a prostitute.--Wright’s _Provinc. Dict._

[3] Jaeger, _Life of Amer. Ins._, p. 22.

[4] It is curious to notice the association of this insect with the cow in the English and French names.

[5] Jamieson’s _Scot. Dict._

[6] Chambers’ _Pop. Rhymes_, 1841, p. 170-1.

[7] Thorpe’s _North. Mythol._, iii. 182.

[8] _Ibid._, ii. 104.

[9] _Ibid._, iii. 182.

[10] Thorpe’s _North. Mythol._, ii. 104.

[11] 4th Pastoral, 11. 83-8.

[12] It probably is induced to fly away by the warmth of the hand.

[13] _Notes and Queries_, i. 132.

[14] _Ibid._, i. 28, 55, 73.

[15] Jamieson supposes this word to be derived from the Teutonic _Land-heer_, a petty prince.--_Scot. Dict._

[16] Jamieson’s _Scot. Dict._ Cf. Chambers’ _Pop. Rhymes_, 1841, p. 170-1.

[17] Thorpe’s _North. Mythol._, iii. 328.

[18] Grose, _Antiq._ (_Prov. Gloss._) p. 121.

[19] Chambers’ _Pop. Rhymes_, 1841, p. 170.

[20] _Notes and Queries_, iv. 53.

[21] Baird’s _Cyclop. of Nat. Sci._

[22] Kirby and Spence, _Introd._, ii. 9.

[23] Newell’s _Zool. of the Poets_, p. 48.

[24] _Life of Amer. Ins._, p. 21.

[25] A. 1, sc. iii.

[26] Quot. with preceding in Newell’s _Zool. of the Poets_, p. 50-2.

[27] Kirb. and Sp. _Introd._, i. 317.

[28] Jaeger, _Life of Amer. Ins._, p. 61.

[29] Kirb. and Sp. _Introd._, i. 316.

[30] Shaw’s _Zool._, vi. 42.

[31] Gough’s _Sepul. Mon._, vol. i. p. xii.--These sepulchral tumuli, or burrows, are of the remotest antiquity, and continued in use till the twelfth century.--_Ibid._

[32] Wilkin. _Anct. Egypt._ ii. (2d S.) 261; and Pettig. _Hist. of Mummies_, p. 53-5.

[33] Baird’s _Cyclop. of Nat. Sci._

[34] Cuvier’s _Animal Kingd.--Ins._, i. 530.

[35] _The Mirror_, xix. 180; and _Saturday Mag._, xvi. 144.

[36] N. & Q., 2d S., ii. 83.

[37] Bradley, _Phil. Account_, p. 184.

[38] _N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat._, xxii. 81.

[39] _Nat. Hist. of Ins._, _Lond._, 1838, ii. 156.

[40] _Theatr. Ins._, p. 149. Topsel’s _Hist. of Beasts_, p. 1006.

[41] Cuvier, _An. King.--Ins._, i. 533.

[42] _Nat. Hist._, xi. 34. Holl. _Trans._, p. 326. K.

[43] James’ _Med. Dict._ Cf. Brookes’ _Nat. Hist. of Ins._, p. 321.

[44] _Amoreux_, p. 154. Burmeister’s _Manl. of Entomol._, p. 561. Keferot. _Uber den unmittelbaren Nutzen der Insekten_, Erfurt, 1829, 4to, p. 8-10. Kirb. and Sp. _Introd._, i. 303, note. Shaw’s _Zool._, vi. 28, note.

[45] _Nat. Hist._, xvii. 37.

[46] Kirb. and Sp. _Introd._, i. 255, note.

[47] _Ins. Archit._, p. 252.

[48] Detharding _de Ins. Coleop. Danicis_, 9. Quot. by Kirb. and Sp. _Introd._, i. 33.

[49] _Northern Mythol._, ii. 53.

[50] Bjornstj. _Theog. of Hindoos_, p. 108.

[51] Oliv. Col. I. 3, viii. 59. Cuvier, _An. King.--Ins._, i. 452.

[52] Cuvier, _qua supra_.

[53] Donovan’s _Ins. of China_, p. 4.

[54] Cuvier, _qua supra_.

[55] De Pauw’s Sacred-beetle of the Egyptians was “the great golden Scarabee, called by some the Cantharides.”--ii. 104.

[56] Wilkinson, _Anct. Egypt._, ii. (2d S.) 259.

[57] Val. _Hieroglyphica_, p. 93-5.

[58] _Ibid._

[59] Plut. _Of Isis and Osiris_, p. 220. The translation of this passage as given by Philemon Holland is as follows: “The Fly called the Beetill they (the Egyptians) reverence, because they observe in them I wot not what little slender Images (like as in drops of water we see the resemblance of the Sun) of the Divine power.... As for the Beetills, they hold, that throughout all their kinds there is no female, but all the males do blow or cast their seed into a certain globus or round matter in the form of balls, which they drive from them and roll to and fro contrariwise, like as the Sun, when he moveth himself from the West to the East, seemeth to turn about the Heaven clean contrary.”--p. 1071, ed. of 1657.

[60] Quot. by Montfaucon, _Antiq._, vol. ii., Part 2, p. 322.

[61] De Pauw tells us that the description of the Scarabæus as given by Orus Apollo (Horapollo) is, that “it resembles the sparkling luster of the eye of a cat in the dark.”(!)--ii. 104.

[62] Horap., i. 10.

[63] _Anct. Egypt._, i. (1st S.) 296.

[64] Horap., _Hierogl._, i. 10.

[65] _Anct. Egypt._, ii. (2d S.) 258.

[66] _Treasvrie_, B. 7. c. 14, p. 662. Printed 1613.

[67] Horap. _Hierog._, i. 10.

[68] Fosbroke, _Encycl. of Antiq._, i. 208.

[69] _Of Isis, &c._ Holl. _Transl._, p. 1051.

[70] Ælian, x. 15.

[71] Wilkinson, _Anct. Egypt._, ii. (2d S.) 257.

[72] _Of Isis, &c._, _qua supra_.

[73] Wilkin. _Anct. Egypt._, ii. (2d S.) 256.

[74] Wilkin. _Anct. Egypt._, ii. (2d S.) 256.

[75] _Ibid._

[76] Pettigrew, _Hist. of Mum._, p. 220.

[77] _Ibid._

[78] _Ibid._

[79] Travels, ii. 306 (?).

[80] Fosbroke, _Encycl. of Antiq._, i. 208.

[81] _Ibid._ Vide Pierius’ _Hieroglyph._, p. 76-80. Solis operum similitudo; Mundus; Generatio; Vnigenitus; Deus in humano corpore; Vir, paterve; Bellator strenuus; Sol; Luna; Mercurius; Febris lethalis a sole; Virtus enervata deliciis.

[82] Fosbroke, _Encycl. of Antiq._, i. 208.

[83] Wilkin. _Anct. Egypt._, ii. (2d S.) 257.

[84] Wilkin. _Anct. Egypt._, ii. (2d S.) 257.

[85] De Pauw, ii. 104.

[86] Pettig. _Hist. of Mum._, p. 220.

[87] Wilkin. _Anct. Egypt._, ii. (2d S.) 256.

[88] Montf. _Antiq._, ii. (Pt. II.) 322.

[89] _Ibid._, ii. (Pt. II.) 339.

[90] Wilkin. _Anct. Egypt._, ii. (2d S.) 259, note.

[91] Wilkin. _Anct. Egypt._, ii. (2d S.) 259, note.

[92] _Ibid._

[93] Bunsen, _Egypt’s Place_, i. 504, fig. 116; i. 508, fig. 169.

[94] Wilkin. _Anct. Egypt._, i. (2d S.) 258, fig.

[95] Bunsen, _Ibid._, i. 572, fig. 12; i. 576, fig. 9; i. 582, fig. 3.

[96] Bunsen, _Ibid._, i. 617-632.

[97] Bunsen’s _Egypt’s Place_, iii. 142.

[98] _Ibid._

[99] Quot. by Montf. _Antiq._, ii. (Pt. II.) 323.

[100] Wilkin. _Anct. Egypt._, ii. (2d S.) 257.

[101] Pettig. _Hist. of Mum._, p. 220.

[102] Maury’s _Indig. Races_, p. 156.

[103] Phind’s _Thebes_, p. 130.

[104] Donovan, _Ins. of China_, p. 3.

[105] Fosbroke, _Encyclop. of Antiq._, i. 208.

[106] _Ibid._

[107] Montf. _Antiq._, ii. (Pt. II.) 339.

[108] _Ibid._

[109] Montf. _Antiq._, ii. (Pt. II.) 339.

[110] _Ibid._

[111] Fosbroke, _Encycl. of Antiq._, i. 208.

[112] There is now at Thebes an arch-forger of Scarabæi--a certain Ali Gamooni, whose endeavors, in the manufacture of these much-sought-after relics, have been crowned with the greatest success. For the coarser description of these, he has, as well as chance European purchasers, an outlet in a native market; for they are bought from him to be carried up the river into Nubia, where they are favorite amulets and ornaments, as mothers greatly delight to patch one or two to the girdles by short thongs, which constitute the only article of dress of their children. Through this very medium, too, it sometimes happens that these spurious Scarabæi come into the possession of unsophisticated travelers, who are not likely to suspect their origin in that remote country, and under such circumstances.

Scarabæi also of the more elegant and well-finished descriptions are not beyond the range of this curious counterfeiter. These he makes of the same material as the ancients themselves used,--a close-grained, easily-cut limestone, which, after it is graven into shape and lettered, receives a greenish glaze by being baked on a shovel with brass filings.

Ali, not content with closely imitating, has even aspired to the creative; so antiquarians must be on their guard lest they waste their time and learning on antiquities of a very modern date.--_Vide_ Rhind’s Thebes, p. 253-5. Mr. Gliddon, in an incidental note, _Indig. Races_, p. 192, takes credit for having furnished this same Ali, some twenty-four years ago (as it would appear), with broken penknives and other appliances to aid his already-manifested talent, in the somewhat fantastic hope of flooding the local market with such curiosities, and so saving the monuments from being laid under contribution!

[113] Winkleman, _Art._ 2, c. 1.

[114] Paraph. from Fosbroke’s _Encycl. of Antiq._, i. 208.

[115] Of those deposited in the British Museum, Mr. Birch has made the following report:

1. A Scarabæus having on the base _Ra-men-Chepr_, a prenomen of Thothmes III. Beneath is a Scarab between two feathers, placed on the basket _sub._

2. A Scarabæus in dark steaschist, with the figure of the sphinx (the sun), and an emblem between the fore paws of the monster. The sphinx constantly appears on the Scarabæi of Thothmes III., and it is probably to this monarch that the one here described belongs. (On many Scarabæi in the British Museum, and on those figured by Klaproth from the Palin Collection, in Leeman’s Monuments, and in the “Description de l’Egypt,” Thothmes is represented as a sphinx treading foreign prisoners under him.--_Layard._) After the Sphinx on this Scarab are the titles of the king, “The sun-placer of creation,” of Thothmes III.

3. Small Scarabæus of white steaschist, with a brownish hue; reads _Neter nefer nebta Ra-neb-ma_, “The good God, the Lord of the Earth, the Sun, the Lord of truth, rising in all lands.” This is Amenophis III., one of the last kings of the XVIII. dynasty, who flourished about the fifteenth century B.C.

4. Scarabæus in white steaschist, with an abridged form of the prenomen of Thothmes III., _Ra-men-cheper at en Amen_, “The sun-placer of creation, the type of Ammon.” This monarch was the greatest monarch of the XVIII. dynasty, and conquered Naharaina and the Saenkar, besides receiving tribute from Babel or Babylon and Assyria.

5. Scarabæus in pale white steaschist, with three emblems that cannot well be explained. They are the sun’s disk, the ostrich feather, the uræus, and the guitar nablium. They may mean “Truth the good goddess,” or “lady,” or _ma-nefer_, “good and true.”

6. Scarabæus in the same substance, with a motto of doubtful meaning.

7. Scarabæus, with a hawk, and God holding the emblem of life, and the words _ma nefer_, “good and true.” The meaning very doubtful.

8. A Scarabæus with a hawk-headed gryphon, emblem of _Menta-Ra_, or Mars. Behind the monster is the goddess Sati, or Nuben. The hawk-headed lion is one of the shapes into which the sun turns himself in the hours of the day. It is a common emblem of the Aramæan religion.

9. Scarabæus with hawk-headed gryphon, having before in the uræus and the _nabla_ or guitar, hieroglyphic of good. Above it are the hieroglyphics “Lord of the earth.”

10. Small Scarabæus in dark steaschist, with a man in adoration to a king or deity, wearing a crown of the upper country, and holding in the left hand a lotus flower. Between this is the emblem of life.

11. Scarabæus, with the hawk-headed Scarabæus, emblem of _Ra-cheper_, “the creator Sun,” flying with expanded wings, four in number, which do not appear in Egyptian mythology till after the time of the Persians, when the gods assume a more Pantheistic form. Such a representation of the sun, for instance, is found in the Torso Borghese.

It will be observed, adds Layard, that most of the Egyptian relics discovered in the Assyrian ruins are of the time of the XVIII. Egyptian dynasty, or of the fifteenth century before Christ; a period when, as we learn from Egyptian monuments, there was a close connection between Assyria and Egypt.--Layard’s _Babylon and Nineveh_, p. 239-240.

[116] Layard’s _Babylon and Nineveh_, p. 157, 166.

[117] _Hist. of Mum._, 53-5; Wilkin. _Anct. Egypt._, ii. (2d S.) 261, note.

[118] Wilkin. _Anct. Egypt._, ii. (2d S.) 156.

[119] Pliny, _Nat. Hist._, xxx. 11; Holland, ii. 395. K.

[120] _Phil. Trans. Abridg._, ii. 785; _Gent. Mag._, xix. 264-5.

[121] _Phil. Trans. Abridg._, ix. 11. Concerning the worship of animals in general by the Egyptians, the following remarks in a note may not be inappropriate, as they embrace the worship of the Scarabæus.

1. A class of animals, to which may be referred the cow, dog, sheep, and ibis, were _at first_ naturally protected and respected out of gratitude for the benefits derived from them. But in time, it is supposed, this respect, by unthoughtful descendants believing too implicitly the teachings of their fathers, was gradually enlarged to so great extent that it became reverence, and at last, perhaps after centuries, worship. For example, at A time, the ibis is respected on account of its destroying noxious serpents; at B, reverenced; and at C, worshiped.

2. When at C time, the ibis is worshiped, suppose the masses have lost the reason (which in the case of the Egyptians is an allowable supposition, since it is an historical fact that but the initiated knew the reasons for their manner of worship), and serpents are its food, is it not plain then that if the food be taken away the sacred bird cannot live? Hence at C time are serpents preserved and protected as food for the ibis; and as this protecting care increases as above, till at D they are reverenced, and at E worshiped. To this second class may be referred the crocodile, which was preserved, etc. as food for the ichneumon, a sacred animal of the first class.

3. Analogies between animals, and even plants, and certain sources of goodness, or objects of wonder, as the sun, and motion of the stars, were at A time, noticed; at B, respected or reverenced; and at C, worshiped. Thus, among plants, became the onion sacred, from the resemblance of the laminæ which compose it, in a transverse section, to circles--to the orbits of the planets. And thus the Scarabæus from the analogies between its movements and shape and the motions of the sun, traced, as we have before remarked on the authority of several ancient writers, became also an object of adoration.

4. A fourth reason may also be given, which follows as a consequence of the latter. If such analogy, as, for example, that between the beetle and the sun, had been observed in the time of picture and hieroglyphic writing, to represent the sun, the beetle would have been taken. Now, it is a well-authenticated fact, that these hieroglyphics in time became sacred, and, if the beetle was found among them, it for this, if for no other reason, would have been looked upon with the same veneration.

5. Good men, too, to preserve the lives of animals oftentimes wantonly taken, introduce them into fables and poetry, and connect pleasing tales with them. The “Babes in the Wood” have so fixed the respect for the tameness of the robin, that it is even now deemed a sacrilege with our boys to stone this bird. And may there not have been such good men, and such tender stories, among the Egyptians, and the remembrance of whom and which long lost by the lapse of time?

[122] Kirb. and Sp. _Introd._, i. 33.

[123] _Ins. of China_, p. 6.

[124] _Nat. Hist._, xxix. 6 (38).

[125] _Nat. Hist._, xxx. 11 (30). Holland, _Trans._, ii. 390.

[126] James’ _Med. Dict._

[127] Donovan’s _Ins. of China_, p. 6.

[128] _Theatr. Ins._, p. 160. Topsel’s _Hist. of Beasts_, p. 1012.

[129] Cuvier suggests that the _Scarabæus nasicornis_ of Linnæus, which haunts dead bark, or the _S. auratus_, may be the insect here referred to.

[130] _Nat. Hist._, xi. 28 (34).

[131] Shaw’s _Zool._, vi. 20. Baird’s _Cyclop. of Nat. Sci._

[132] St. Clair, _West Indies, etc._, i. 152.

[133] Simmond, _Curiosities of Food_, p. 295.

[134] _Ibid._

[135] Tennent, _Nat. Hist. of Ceylon_, p. 407.

[136] Tennent, _Nat. Hist. of Ceylon_, p. 407.

[137] _Theatr. Ins._, p. 152. Topsel’s _Hist. of Beasts_, p. 1009.

[138] De Geer, iv. 275-6. Kirb. and Sp. _Introd._, i. 33.

[139] _Hist. of Ins._ (Murray, 1830) ii. 296.

[140] _Chronicles_, iv. 326.--The water overflowing the low grounds brought the beetles for air to the surface, whence they were swept away by the current.

[141] _Phil. Trans. Abridg._, ii. 781-3.

[142] _Phil. Trans. Abridg._, ii. 782.

[143] Shaw, _Zool._, vi. 25.

[144] Kirb. and Sp. _Introd._, i. 179.

[145] Anderson’s _Recr. in Agric._, iii. 420.

[146] _Anim. Biog._, iii. 233.

[147] Baird’s _Cyclop. of Nat. Sci._

[148] _Ibid._

[149] Shaw’s _Zool._, vi. 88.

[150] Tennent, _Nat. Hist. of Ceylon_, p. 405.

[151] Donovan, _Ins. of India_, p. 5.

[152] Donovan, _Ins. of China_, p. 13.

[153] Travels, i. 384.

[154] _Ibid._, i. 331.

[155] Cuvier, _An. King.--Ins._, i. 356.

[156] _Introd._, i. 156.

[157] Pliny, xxx. 4; Holland, ii. 377. E.

[158] _Med. Dict._

[159] _Ibid._

[160] Peruvians travel by the light of the _Cucujus Peruvianus_.--See Kirby’s _Wond. Museum_, ii. 151.

[161] _Hist. of West Indies_, p. 274.

[162] Baird’s _Cyclop. of Nat. Sci._

[163] Stedm. _Surinam_, i. 140.

[164] Cuvier, _An. King.--Ins._, i. 321.

[165] _Conq. of Mex._, i. 327.

[166] _Hist. of New Swed._, p. 162.

[167] _Theatr. Insect._, p. 112.

[168] _Hist. of Amer._, p. 378.

[169] Walton, _Pres. St. of Span. Col._, i. 128.

[170] Humboldt’s _Cuba_, p. 395.

[171] _Saturday Mag._, ix. 229.

[172] _Theatr. Ins._, p. 111. Topsel’s _Hist. of Beasts_, p. 977.

[173] _Tour on the Continent_, 2d. Edit., iii. 85.

[174] Browne’s _Vulg. Err._, B. iii. c. 17. _Works_, ii. 531.

[175] Kirb. and Sp. _Introd._, i. 317.

[176] _Tour on Continent_, iii. 85. 2d Edit.

[177] _Med. Dict._

[178] Harris’ _Col. of Voy. and Trav._, ii. 688.

[179] Harris, _Farm Insects_, p. 372.

[180] This insect has received its English names, of _Mole-cricket_ and _Earth-crab_, from its burrowing like a mole, and some species of W. Indian crabs; and, from its supposed jarring song at night, it is also called _Eve-churr_, _Churr-worm_, and _Jarr-worm_.--_Ibid._

[181] Moufet, _Theatr. Ins._, p. 110. Topsel’s _Hist. of Beasts_, p. 977.

[182] Cuvier, _An. King.--Ins._, i. 382.

[183] Cf. _Works_, ii. 375.

[184] Johnson’s _Eng. Dict._

[185] 4th Past., 1. 101.

[186] In Kirby’s _Wonderful Museum_, ii. 309, there is an article on the Death-watch, headed “A curious Description and Explanation of the Death-watch, so commonly listened to with such dread.”

[187] Harper’s _Mag._, xxiii. 775.

[188] Shaw, _Zool._, vi. 34. _Nat. Misc._, iii. 104.

[189] Brand’s _Pop. Antiq._, iii. 226-7.

[190] Horne’s _Introd. to Bibliog._, i. 311.

[191] Wilhelm’s _Recr. from Nat. Hist._, quot. by Latrielle, _Hist. Nat._, ix. 194. Quot. by Kirb. and Sp. _Introd._, i. 213. Carpenter, _Zool._, ii. 133.

[192] Brookes informs us that Dr. Greenfield, a practitioner in London, was sent to Newgate, by the college, for having given Cantharides inwardly. This happened in the year 1698; but he was soon after released, by a superior authority, when he published a work upon the good effects of these insects taken inwardly for strangury, and other disorders of the kidneys and bladder. We are also told by Ambrose Parry, that a courtezan, having invited a young man to supper, had seasoned some of the dishes with the powder of Cantharides, which the very next day produced such an effect, that he died with an evacuation of blood, which the physicians were not able to stop. Many other instances might be brought, continues Brookes, of persons that have been either killed, or brought to death’s door, by a wanton use of these Flies, which had been given them privately, with a design to cause love. Some go so far as to affirm, that people have been thrown into a fever, only by sleeping under trees on which were a great number of Cantharides; and Mr. Boyle informs us, after authors worthy of credit, that some persons have felt considerable pains about the neck of the bladder, only by holding Cantharides in their hands.--_Nat. Hist. of Ins._, p. 50-1.

[193] Pliny, _Nat. Hist._, xxix. 30.

[194] _Asiatic Res._, v. 213.

[195] Baird’s _Cyclop. of Nat. Sci._

[196] _Med. Dict._

[197] Cuvier, _An. King.--Ins._, i. 569.

[198] Pliny, _Nat. Hist._, xxix. 30.

[199] Sloane, _Hist. of Jamaica_, ii. 206.

[200] Owen’s _Geoponika_, ii. 156.

[201] _Nat. Hist. of Ins._, p. 49.

[202] Cuvier, _An. Kingd.--Ins._, i. 569.

[203] Linn. _Faun. Suec._, p. 822.

[204] Lane’s _Mod. Egypt._, i. 237, ii. 275.

[205] Cuvier, _An. King.--Ins._, i. 568.

[206] Pinkerton’s _Voy. and Trav._, x. 190.

[207] Pliny, _Nat. Hist._, xxix. 6. Holl., p. 370.

[208] _Trans. of Assoc. Phys. in Ireland_, iv., vii., and v., p. 177, 8vo., Dublin, 1824-8.

[209] In Kirby’s _Wonderful Museum_, iv. 360, there are several instances of living insects being found in the human stomach, quite as extraordinary as the above.

[210] _The Mirror_, xxviii. 304.

[211] _Hist. of Brazil_, p. 346.

[212] Jamieson gives Grou-grou as a Scottish name for the Corn-grub.--_Scot. Dict._, iii. 516.

[213] Shaw, _Zool._, vi. 62. Cuvier, _An. Kingd.--Ins._, ii. 80.

[214] Stedm. _Surinam_, ii. 23.

[215] _Ibid._, ii. 115.

[216] _Acct. of the Sierra Leone Africans_, i. 314, note.

[217] Travels, i. 410.

[218] _Gummila_, i. 9. See also Southey’s _Hist. of Brazil_, i. 110.

[219] _Hist. of Barbados_, p. 646.

[220] _Entretenimiento_, vi. § 11.

[221] Canto iii.

[222] _Sketches of Java_, 310.

[223] Ælian, _Hist._ L. xiv. c. 13.

[224] Simmond’s _Curiosities of Food_, p. 313.

[225] _Travels and Researches in S. Africa_, p. 389.

[226] _Monthly Mag._ ii. (Pt. II.) 792, for 1796.

[227] _Book of Days_, i.

[228] _Theatr. Ins._, p. 151. Topsel’s _Hist. of Beasts_, p. 1007.

[229] _The Mirror_, xxxiii. 202, note.

[230] Drury, Ins., i. 9 (Pref.). Shaw’s _Zool._, vi. 73.

[231] Shaw’s _Zool._, vi. 71-2. Merian, _Ins. Sur._, 24.

[232] _Hist. of Jamaica_, ii. 193-4.

[233] _St. Pierre_, _Voy._, 72.

[234] Smeatham, 32. Kirb. and Sp. _Introd._, i. 303.

[235] _Wonders_, i. 18.

[236] Curtis, _Farm Ins._, p. 22. Baird’s _Cyclop. of Nat. Sci._

[237] Owen’s _Geoponika_, ii. 98.

[238] Probably the coriaceous tortoise, which is covered with a strong hide.

[239] Paladius, B. i. c. 35.

[240] _Med. Dict._

[241] _Gent. Mag._, xxv. 376.--Some authors assert that Ear-wigs are not in the least injurious to vegetation.

[242] _Hist. of Jam._, ii. 204.

[243] _Med. Dict._

[244] _Hist. of Jam._, ii. 204.

[245] Baird’s _Cyclop. of Nat. Sci._

[246] Quot. by Samouffle, _Ent. Cab._, 1-3.

[247] Baird’s _Cyclop. of Nat. Sci._

[248] Pinkerton’s _Voy. and Trav._, xiii. 108. A beetle, insinuating itself in the ear of Captain Speke when in Central Africa, caused him the greatest pain imaginable. It was six or seven months before all the pieces of it were extracted.--_Blackwood’s Mag._, Sept. 1859. Barth’s _Central Africa_, ii. 91, note.

[249] Hone’s _Every Day Book_, i. 1121.

[250] _London Labor and London Poor_, iii. 40-1.

[251] _Zool._, vi. 118.

[252] _Theat. Ins._, p. 983.

[253] Harwood, _Grec. Antiq._, p. 200.

[254] Chamb. _Journ._, xi. 362, 2d S.

[255] Carpenter’s _Zool._, ii. 142.

[256] _Penny Mag._, 1841, 2d S. p. 436.

[257] Cuvier, _An. Kingd.--Ins._, ii. 190.

[258] _Present St. of the C. of Good Hope_, i. 99-100. Astley’s _Collec. of Voy. and Trav._, iii. 366.

[259] Astley’s _Col. of Voy. and Trav._, iii. 381.

[260] _Pres. St. of the C. of Good Hope_, i. 101-2.

[261] _Ibid._

[262] _Trav._, i. 150.

[263] _Ibid._, ii. 65.

[264] Quot. by _Penny Mag._, 1841, 2d S. p. 436.

[265] _Ibid._

[266] _Ibid._

[267] Churchill’s _Coll. of Voy. and Trav._, ii. 23, and Pinkerton’s _Voy. and Trav._, xiv. 720.

[268] _Trav. in China_, p. 159. Cf. Williams’ _Middle Kingdom_, i. 273.

[269] Ins. Arch., 63.

[270] This superstition I have found in no other place.

[271] Harper’s _New Monthly Mag._, xxiv. 491, 2.

[272] Donovan seems to think that Ovid’s account of the Transformation of Phaeton’s Sisters into trees, had its origin in some such idea as this.--_Insects of China_, p. 18, note. See also Chamb. _Journal_, xi. 367, 2d Ser.

[273] Donovan’s _Ins. of China_, p. 19.

[274] Smith’s _Nature and Art_, x. 240.

[275] _Amer. Phil. Trans._, vol. iii. _Introd._

[276] Cuvier, _An. Kingd.--Ins._, ii. 173.

[277] _Nat. Hist. of Barbados_, p. 90.

[278] 4th Pastoral, line 102.

[279] _Mag-astromancers Posed and Puzzel’d_, p. 181.

[280] _Dæmonologia_, 1650, p. 59.

[281] _Elminth._, 8vo. Lond., 1668, p. 271.

[282] _Nat. Hist. of Selborne_, p. 255.

[283] _Tamar and Tavy_, i. 321.

[284] _The Mirror_, xix. 180.

[285] _Astrologaster_, p. 45.

[286] _Notes and Queries_, iii. 3.

[287] _Ibid._

[288] _The Mirror_, xix. 180.

[289] Grose, _Antiq. Prov. Gloss._, p. 121.

[290] _Il Penserosa._

[291] Mouffet, _Theat. Insect._, p. 136.

[292] Harper’s _Mag._, xxvi. 497.

[293] Mouff. _Theat. Ins._, p. 136.

[294] De Pauw, ii. 106.

[295] _Life of Amer. Ins._, p. 114.

[296] _Earth and Animat. Nat._, iv. 216.

[297] Sloane’s _Nat. Hist. of Jamaica_, ii. 204.

[298] _Nat. Hist._, xxx. 4. Holland, p. 378. H.

[299] _Ibid._, xxix. 6. Holland, p. 370. K.

[300] Pliny, _Nat. Hist._, xxix. 6. Holl., p. 371. A.

[301] _Med. Dict._

[302] The Grasshopper, however, according to Mr. Hughes’ description, is twice as large as the cricket; it being two inches, the cricket but one inch, in length.--P. 85 and 90.

[303] _Nat. Hist. of Barb._, p. 85.

[304] Athen. _Deipnos_, L. 4, c. 12. The Cercope, or Monkey-grasshopper, was so called from having a long tail like a monkey, _cercops_.

[305] Pinkert. _Col. of Voy. and Trav._, ix. 612.

[306] _Hist. of West Indies_, p. 121-2.

[307] Voy., ii. 239. Wanley’s _Wonders_, ii. 373.

[308] Quoted in Simmond’s _Curios. of Food_, p. 304.

[309] _Gent. Mag._, xii. 442.

[310] Good, _Study of Med._, iv. 515.

[311] Pinkerton’s _Voy. and Trav._, vii. 705.

[312] _Med. Dict._

[313] _Nat. Hist. of Ins._, p. 67.

[314] _Theatr. Ins._, p. 120. Topsel’s _Hist. of Beasts_, p. 984.

[315] Exod., chap. x.

[316] Of the symbolical Locusts in the Apocalypse it is said--“And the sounds of their wings was as the sound of chariots, of many horses running to battle.”--ix. 9.

[317] Cf. Ex. x. 15; Jer. xlvi. 23; Judg. vi. 5, viii. 12; Nah. iii. 15.

[318] Joel, ii. 2-10, 20.

[319] Oros., _Contra Pag._, l. 5, c. 2.

[320] Kirb. and Sp. _Introd._, i. 217; Cuv. _An. Kingd.--Ins._, ii. 206.

[321] Mouff., _Theat. Ins._, p. 123.

[322] Shaw, _Zool._, vi. 137.

[323] _Wonders_, ii. 507.

[324] Shaw, _Zool._, vi. 137.

[325] _Ibid._

[326] _Theatr. Insect._, p. 123.

[327] Cuvier, _An. Kingd.--Ins._, ii. 212.

[328] Bingley, _Anim. Biog._, iii. 258.

[329] _Hist. of Ins._ (Murray, 1838), ii. 188.

[330] _Nat. Hist. of Jam._, quot. in _Gent. Mag._, xviii. 362.

[331] Churchill’s _Col. of Voy. and Trav._, v. 33.

[332] _Ins._ (Murray, 1838), ii. 188.

[333] _Ibid._, ii. 197.

[334] _Gent. Mag._, lxx. 989.

[335] _Phil. Trans._, vol. xlvi., and _Gent. Mag._, xvii. 435.

[336] _Ibid._

[337] _Ins._ (Murray, 1838), ii. 190.

[338] _Ibid._, 191. Dr. Shaw says, Governors of particular provinces of the East oftentimes command a certain number of the military to take the field against armies of Locusts, with a train of artillery.--_Zool._, vi. 131, note.

[339] _Phil. Trans._, vol. xlvi.

[340] Cuv. _An. King.--Ins._, ii. 211.

[341] Dillon’s _Trav. in Spain_, quot. in _Ins._ (Murray, 1838), ii. 205.

[342] _Gent. Mag._, xx. 382; xxiii. 387.

[343] _Ibid._, xlii. 293.

[344] Jackson’s _Trav. in Morocco_, p. 105. Cf. Lempriere, Pinkerton’s _Col. of Voy. and Trav._, xv. 709.

[345] Cuv. _An. King.--Ins._, ii. 212.

[346] _Gent. Mag._, lxii. 543.

[347] _Ibid._, liii. 526, Pt. I.

[348] _Trav., etc._, 257.

[349] K. and S. _Introd._, i. 219.