Chapter X: Y Z Mission

An American mission despatched to France in 1797. Attempts were made to bribe them, the agents employed using, in their correspondence, the initials X, Y, Z.

Y

Yandabo, Treaty of.

A treaty between Great Britain and Burmah, signed in 1826, at the end of the Burmah War of 1824, whereby Great Britain acquired Arrakan and Tenasserim.

Yangtse Agreement.

_See_ Anglo-German Agreement.

Yankee.

The name first applied to the colonists in the New England States by the British soldiers during the American War of Independence. It is supposed to be derived from an Indian corruption of English--“Yengies,” or “Yanghies.”

Year of Corbie.

This name was given by the French during the Thirty Years’ War to the year 1636, when the Imperial troops penetrated into France to Corbie, within fifty miles of Paris, and apparently had the capital at their mercy. They preferred, however, to retire, loaded with booty, but the imminent danger was long an unpleasant memory to the Parisians.

Young Cub.

Charles James Fox (1749-1806) was so called.

Young Czechs.

The Radical section of the Czech or National Party in Bohemia.

Young England.

The party of young Tories who strongly opposed the repeal of the Corn Laws from 1839 to 1846, and favoured a return to the manners and customs of an earlier day. Among its leaders was Lord John Manners.

Young Ireland Party.

A party formed in Ireland in 1847, as a rival association to the Repealers who followed O’Connell. Their leaders were Smith O’Brien, Meagher and Mitchel, and they were in favour of physical force rather than of constitutional agitation. An abortive attempt at a rising under their auspices in 1848 was easily suppressed, and the society came to an end immediately afterwards.

Young Italy.

A secret society founded by Mazzini about 1830, to work for the emancipation of Italy.

Young Pretender.

Charles Edward Stuart, son of James Edward, and grandson of James II, was so called by the supporters of the Hanoverian succession.

Young Turks.

The Turkish reform party. For obvious reasons they are for the most part resident beyond the limits of the Turkish Empire.

Z

Zanzibar, Treaty of.

A treaty between Germany and Zanzibar, signed in 1885. The Sultan of Zanzibar thereby recognized Germany’s rights over Chagga and Kilimanjaro, and accorded certain trade facilities to the German East Africa Company.

Zaporovian Commonwealth.

A community of Free Cossacks on the Dnieper. They were not finally deprived of their independence till the reign of Catherine II, circ. 1780.

Zehngerichtenbund.

_See_ Ten Jurisdictions.

Zelanti.

A body of Cardinals, headed by Cardinal Orsini, who had great influence in Rome circ. 1700, and whose efforts were directed towards stricter discipline in the Church.

Zemindars.

Under the Mohammedan rulers of India, the Zemindars were officers who were charged with the collection of taxes over a certain district. In 1793 these officers were, in Bengal, converted by Lord Cornwallis into landowners, each in his own district, who alone paid land-tax to the Government, and recouped themselves by rents received from the peasants or ryots. This system is known as the Zemindari System.

Zemstvo.

The Russian provincial and district assemblies are so called. The Zemstvo is elected, in certain fixed proportions, by the landowners, the village communes and the municipalities. It meets at least once a year, but has a permanent bureau, always in session, chosen from among its members for executive purposes. It is charged with the maintenance of roads and bridges and other public works, and the supervision of education, sanitation and agriculture. It also elects the local justices of the peace.

Zollverein.

A union of the German States for commercial purposes, entered into under the auspices of Prussia in 1833. It provided for free internal trade, and a uniform system of customs duties for the whole union.

Zurich, Compromise of.

An attempt by Calvin and Farel, in 1549, to amalgamate the different doctrines of Calvin and Zwingli. It met with little acceptance on the part of the Protestant Cantons.

Zurich, Treaty of.

A treaty signed in 1859 confirming the Treaty of Villafranca, which provided for the cession by Austria of Lombardy, to be transferred by France to Sardinia.

INDEX

Aargau, 231.

Abbaside Khalifs, 23.

Abd-el-Kader, 247.

Abdallah, King of Granada, 1.

Abdul Hamed, Sultan of Turkey, 140.

Abdul Mejid, Sultan of Turkey, 115.

Aboyne, Lord, 42.

Abyssinia, 2, 172.

Acre, 134.

Adams, Samuel, 91, 171.

Adansi, 96.

Addison, Joseph, 139.

Adige (River), 154.

Adjanta Ghât, 235.

Adrian I, Pope, 78.

Adrian IV, Pope, 3.

Adrian VI, Pope, 218.

Adrianople, 3.

Adolphus Frederick of Holstein, 2.

Æthelfled, 95, 141.

Æthelred I, 176.

Æthelred the Unready, 72, 104, 118, 221.

Æthelstan, 117.

Æthelwulf, 193.

Afghanistan, 103, 105, 166, 188, 217, 234.

Afridis, 105, 166.

Agilulf, King of the Lombards, 129.

Ahausen, 204.

Ahmed I, Sultan of Turkey, 174.

Ahmednaggar, 235.

Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace of, 20, 201.

Alabama, 112.

Alabama claims, 275.

Alaska, 11, 26.

Albania, 130, 277.

Albert II, Emperor, 201.

Albert of Brandenburg, 251.

Albuquerque, Alfonso d’, 200.

Alemtejo, 97.

Alençon, 106.

Alençon, Duc d’, 201.

Alexander III, Pope, 3, 48, 190.

Alexander IV, Pope, 150.

Alexander V, Pope, 122, 196, 226.

Alexander VI, Pope, 75, 122, 222.

Alexander I of Russia, 261.

Alexander II of Russia, 174, 230.

Alexander I of Scotland, 232.

Alexander III of Scotland, 156.

Alexandria, 13, 70.

Alfonso I of Aragon, 93.

Alfonso III of Aragon, 13.

Alfonso V of Spain, 102.

Alfonso VI of Spain, 53.

Alfonso the Wise, 234.

Alfred the Great, 79, 141, 160, 170, 276.

Algarves, 97.

Algeria, 233, 247.

Allahabad, 27, 125.

Allen, Cardinal, 3.

Alsace, 99, 163, 191, 277.

Althorp, Lord, 128.

Alva, Duke of, 33, 245.

Amadeus V of Savoy, 12.

Amatongaland, 246.

Amazon (River), 43.

Amboyna, 239.

Amiens, 270.

Amoy, 180.

Amsterdam, 225.

Amurath I, Sultan of Turkey, 131.

Anabaptists, 213.

Anatolia, 14.

Ancona, 256.

Andrassy, Count, 10.

Andres, Last of the Incas, 213.

Andrew II of Hungary, 107.

Anglo-Saxons, 34, 39, 50, 82, 88, 92, 95, 96, 100, 103, 104, 116, 117, 118, 122, 142, 149, 156, 160, 181, 221, 222, 232, 238, 249, 251, 260, 263, 272, 276, 278.

Angola, 63.

Angus, Archibald Sixth Earl of, 18.

Aniello, Tommaso, 161.

Anjou, 1, 38, 101.

Annam, 31, 99, 121, 254.

Anne Boleyn, 244.

Anne de Joyeuse, 217.

Anne of England, 37, 88, 149, 192, 203, 206, 231, 246, 253, 267.

Anne of Austria, 82.

Anne, Regent of France, 112, 124.

Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, 26.

Anspach, 204, 227.

Antigua, 38.

Antrim, 242.

Antwerp, 101, 158, 239, 274.

Appenzell, 144, 252.

Arabi Pasha, 81.

Arabia, 166, 274.

Arad, 122.

Aragon, 13, 135, 167.

Arbitration Tribunal, 113.

Archaicus of Scotland, 253.

Arcis-sur-Aube, 15.

Ardalian, 28.

Ardrossan, 274.

Argentine Republic, 104, 196, 259, 269.

Argyll, Archibald Fifth Earl of, 69.

Argyll, Archibald Eighth Earl of, 124, 213, 214.

Arizona, 103.

Arkansas, 26.

Arlington, Henry Earl of, 42.

Armagnacs, 185, 262.

Armellini, 218.

Armenians, 112, 118.

Arminians, 65, 79, 108, 213.

Armstrong, William, 138.

Arnauld, Antoine, 131, 199.

Arnold of Brescia, 117.

Arracan, 280.

Arteveldt, James van, 39.

Artois, 105, 158, 205.

Ashanti, 96.

Ashbourne, Lord, 128.

Ashley, Earl of Shaftesbury, 42.

Assi, 60.

Assumptionists, 18.

Atalanta, 232.

Athens, 78.

Athole, Earl of, 206.

Atterbury, Bishop, 19.

Auckland, Lord, 234.

Auerstadt, Battle of, 31.

Augsburg Confession, 203, 227, 249.

Augsburg, Diet of, 235.

Augsburg, League of, 220.

Augsburg, Religious Peace of, 212.

_Augustinus_, 124, 131.

Augustus II of Poland, 197, 224.

Austerlitz, Battle of, 253.

Australia, 20, 91, 100, 124.

Austrian Succession, War of the, 201.

Auxerre, 15.

Avalos, Ferdinand de, 225.

Avignon, 256.

Azores, 75.

Azov, 140, 204.

Babek, 136.

Bacon, Nathaniel, 21, 109.

Baden, 105, 202, 215.

Bagimont of Vicci, 21.

Baillie of Jerviswood, 132.

Baji Rao II, 25.

Bakunin, Michael, 127.

Balaclava, Battle of, 73.

Balasore, 75.

Baldwin I of Flanders, 37.

Balfour, A. J., 98.

Balfour, Sir James, 69.

Ballard, Father, 21.

Balliol, Edward, 67, 156.

Balliol, John, 256.

Baltic, 239, 251, 278.

Baltimore, Lord, 161.

Banér, Johan Gustafsson, 148.

Bantry Bay, 175.

Baramahal, 230.

Barbaroux, 92.

Barbés, 222.

Barbiano, Count, 221.

Barcelona, 64.

Barclay, Sir George, 16.

Barebone, Praise-God, 23, 176.

Barlaymont, 65.

Barlow, Sir George, 155.

Barneveldt, Jan van Olden, 15.

Baro (River), 2.

Baroda, 23.

Barré, Isaac, 238.

Barrot, Odilon, 61.

Barton, Elizabeth, 177.

Basle, 225, 252.

Bassano, Duc de, 164, 254.

Bassein, 193, 245.

Basutos, 7, 124, 175, 237, 251.

Batapins, 242.

Bates’ Case, 35.

Bath, William, Earl of, 233.

Batman, John, 199.

Batoum, 28.

Bautzen, Battle of, 236.

Bavaria, 19, 25, 103, 105, 150, 215, 221, 235, 271.

Bayard, Seigneur de, 52.

Bayonne, I.

Beaconsfield, Lord, 28.

Beaugé, Battle of, 262.

Bechuanaland, 136, 168, 242.

Becket, Thomas à, 65.

Bedford, John, Duke of, 94.

Bedford, John, Fourth Duke of, 26.

Belesme, 106.

Belfort, 100.

Belgium, 7, 27, 45, 57, 151, 154, 187, 215, 228.

Benedict IX, Pope, 37.

Benedict XII, Pope, 213.

Benedict XIII, Pope, 196.

Bengal, 281.

Benigsen, Baron, 171.

Berar, 75, 198.

Bérenger, Loi, 150.

Berg, 215.

Berghem, 158.

Berlichingen, Götz von, 130, 191.

Berlin, 4, 63, 134.

Berlin Congress, 120, 224.

Bermudez, 88.

Bernadotte, 137.

Bernard, 222.

Berne, 46, 84, 146, 200, 208, 231, 256.

Berri, Duc de, 63.

Berry, Sir Graham, 86.

Bessarabia, 27, 28.

Bessborough, Earl of, 29.

Beza, 58.

Bezuidenhoot, Jan, 236.

Billioray, 60.

Birmingham, 210.

Biron, Baron de, 30.

Biscay, 46.

Bismarck, Otto von, 33, 46, 48, 99, 112, 120, 129, 134, 164, 212, 214.

Black Sea, 5, 27, 32, 47, 136, 188, 220.

Blackburn, 32.

Blackheath, 96.

Blaine, J. G., 35, 185, 248.

Blair, F. P., 139.

Blanche of Castile, 24.

Bland, Mr., 32.

Blanqui, Louis Auguste, 60, 222.

Blennerhassett, Harman, 42.

Bligh, Admiral, 36.

Bloemfontein, 33.

Blount, Sir James, 239.

Blucher, Marshal, 98.

Blue Nile, 2.

Boccold, John, 9.

Boer War, 4, 61, 114, 157, 171, 269.

Bogdan of Moldavia, 166.

Bohemia, 157, 168, 179, 180, 201, 202, 280.

Bolingbroke, Henry, Viscount, 178, 190.

Bolivar, Simon, 109, 147, 255.

Bolivia, 9, 184, 225.

Bologna, 10, 145.

Bombay, 35, 189.

Bond, Sir Robert, 35.

Boniface VIII, Pope, 56, 146, 191, 264.

Bonnivard, François de, 203.

Booth, John Wilkes, 35.

Bordeaux, 1, 182, 196.

Boris of Russia, 75.

Bosnia, 28, 217.

Bosphorus, 188, 266.

Bossuet, 56, 211.

Boston, 36, 69, 211, 249.

Bothwell, 48, 69.

Bouillon, Godefroi de, 56, 146.

Boulanger, General, 36.

Boulogne, 36, 48.

Boulonnais, 15.

Bourbon, Adalbert de, 172.

Bourbon, Cardinal de, 133.

Bourbon, Duc de, 29, 201.

Bourbon, General de, 32.

Bourbons, 46, 276.

Bourges, 190.

Bover, 126.

Boycott, Captain, 37.

Boyens, Adrian, 225.

Brabant, 76, 105, 133, 163.

Bradlaugh, Charles, 203.

Braemar, Hunting of, 122.

Brahminism, 16, 37, 104, 139, 234, 244, 245, 268.

Brazil, 43, 74, 87, 256, 259, 261.

Breda, 38.

Brederode, Count Henry of, 112.

Bregenz, 144.

Bremen, 100, 114, 242, 277.

Brescia, 117.

Bresse, 256.

Brétigny, Peace of, 100, 277.

Bretwalda, 117.

Bridgwater, 138.

Briel, 49.

Bright, John, 3, 39, 101, 120, 260.

Brissot, J.P., 39.

Bristol, 39.

British Columbia, 11, 45.

British Guiana, 180, 227, 269.

British South Africa Company, 131.

Brittany, 18, 38, 106.

Brittany, Duke of, 29, 63.

Brooke, George, 42.

Brown, John, 115.

Brown, Major-General, 1.

Brownists, 125.

Bruce, Robert, 176, 209.

Bruges, 107, 158.

Brunswick, Duke of, 31.

Brussels, 40, 193.

Buccleugh, Lord of, 138.

Bucer, Martin, 251.

Buchanan, Mr., 183.

Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of, 42.

Bulgaria, 6, 24, 28, 41, 55, 224, 237.

Bundelcund, 207.

Burdett, Sir Francis, 207.

Burgos, 41.

Burgundians, 261.

Burgundy, 15, 110, 155, 163.

Burgundy, Duke of, 29.

Burke, Edward, 2.

Burke, T. H., 127, 195.

Burleigh, Cecil Lord, 50.

Burmah, 71, 119, 280.

Burns, John, 257.

Burr, Aaron, 42.

Burrard, Sir Harry, 54.

Caboche, 43.

Cade, Jack, 60, 198.

Cadiz, 64.

Cadiz, Duke of, 239.

Cadoudal, Georges, 53, 195.

Cahors, 9.

Cairns, Earl, 98, 230.

Calais, 38.

Calcutta, 31.

California, 13, 61, 107, 111, 143, 169.

Calixtus II, Pope, 143.

Callao, 147.

Calvin, John, 44, 63, 116, 199, 281.

Calvinists, 44, 63, 108, 116, 122, 141, 147.

Cambacérès, Jean Jacques de, 58.

Cambray, Peace of, 184.

Cambridge, 266.

Camerata, Count, 218.

Cameron, Richard, 44, 224.

Camissards, 87.

Campbells, 107.

Canada, 16, 45, 56, 81, 92, 95, 96, 113, 114, 121, 191, 206, 209, 216, 261.

Canning, George, 135.

Canning, Lord, 56, 183.

Canning, Sir Stratford, 85, 115.

Canossa, 46.

Canton, 180, 247.

Cape Cod, 162.

Cape Colony, 3, 31, 33, 41, 59, 76, 82, 94, 106, 116, 118, 123, 135, 138, 171, 186, 187, 197, 204, 236, 259, 276.

Cape Verde, 256.

Cappel, 46.

Caraffa, John, 251.

Carbonari, 224.

Cardwell, Lord, 15.

Carelia, 177, 243.

Caribbean Sea, 40, 239.

Carisbrooke, 273.

Carlisle, 138.

Carlists, 28.

Carlos, Don, 46.

Carlowitz, Treaty of, 190.

Carlsbad, 47.

Carlyle, Thomas, 266.

Carmarthen, Lord, 175.

Carmel Mount, 47.

Carnarvon, Lord, 232.

Carnot, Lazare Nicolas, 182.

Carolina, 47, 166.

Caroline Islands, 47.

Carrier, 177.

Carpathians, 248.

Cartwright, Thomas, 3.

Casimir the Great of Poland, 278.

Caspian Sea, 112.

Cassano, Battle of, 150.

Cassilis, Earl of, 18.

Cassini, Count, 48.

Castriot, George, 6, 130, 277.

Castro, Thomas, 55.

Catalonia, 4.

Câteau Cambrésis, Treaty of, 270.

Catesby, Robert, 112.

Catherine of Aragon, 177, 244.

Catherine of France, 261.

Catherine II of Russia, 49, 67, 132, 140, 166, 197, 229, 243, 248, 281.

Cavagnari, Sir Louis, 104.

Cavaignac, General, 18.

Cavendish, Lord Frederick, 127, 195.

Cavour, Count, 130.

Cawnpore, 50.

Cayenne, 38.

Cayugas, 96.

Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, 42.

Cerdagne, 23.

Cellier, Mrs., 162.

Celts, 29, 38, 88.

Central America, 53, 62, 72, 185.

Cevennes, 262.

Ceylon, 9.

Chagga, 281.

Chalmers, Dr., 100, 270.

Chamberlain, Joseph, 58, 120, 219.

Chambord, Comte de, 146.

Chambul (River), 207.

Chang How, 140.

Chantaboon, 99.

Charleroi, 24.

Charlemagne, 78, 119, 185, 269.

Charles of Anjou, 233.

Charles, Archduke of Austria, 239.

Charles of Blois, 252.

Charles, Dauphin of France, 38.

Charles I of England, 15, 25, 28, 33, 50, 84, 87, 95, 106, 124, 152, 155, 161, 174, 176, 194, 211, 213, 219, 224, 233, 238, 244, 260, 266, 267, 273.

Charles II of England, 1, 30, 31, 35, 38, 42, 47, 55, 58, 66, 69, 74, 79, 89, 111, 121, 132, 148, 163, 179, 194, 199, 203, 211, 213, 220, 238, 241, 256, 260, 269.

Charles I of France (the Bold), 40, 163, 178, 269.

Charles III of France (the Simple), 35.

Charles V of France, 25, 60.

Charles VI of France, 14, 181, 262.

Charles VII of France, 15, 99, 200, 201.

Charles VIII of France, 23.

Charles IX of France, 131, 221, 261.

Charles X of France, 134, 182, 215.

Charles IV of Germany, 107, 194.

Charles V of Germany, 23, 44, 47, 48, 93, 105, 107, 119, 125, 127, 135, 153, 155, 184, 190, 210, 212, 218, 225, 228, 256.

Charles VI of Germany, 20, 200.

Charles VII of Germany, 99.

Charles III of Savoy, 12, 239.

Charles II of Spain, 239.

Charles III of Spain, 201.

Charles IV of Spain, 97, 199, 203.

Charles X of Sweden, 217.

Charles XII of Sweden, 6, 39, 155, 204, 207, 224.

Charles the Bold of Burgundy, 193.

Charles the Good of Flanders, 144.

Charleston, 211.

Charolais, Comte de, 63.

Charterhouse, 48.

Chartres, 51, 152.

Chartreuse, Grande, 48.

Chattanooga, Battle of, 50.

Chefoo, 52.

Cherbourg, 43.

Chesnelong, M. de, 265.

Chester, 52, 68.

Chiavenna, 167.

Chicago, 91.

Chihli, 247.

Chile, 9, 168, 184, 192, 225.

Chillon, Castle of, 203.

China, 4, 10, 19, 37, 48, 52, 97, 110, 140, 148, 152, 159, 164, 170, 172, 180, 186, 192, 233, 234, 247, 254, 259, 262, 274.

Chinandega, 53.

Choshiu, 71.

Chotusitz, Battle of, 38.

Chouiski, 27.

Christian (Mate of the _Bounty_), 36.

Christian of Anhalt, 204.

Christian II of Denmark, 33.

Christian III of Denmark, 91, 208.

Christian IV of Denmark, 153.

Christian V of Denmark, 72, 85, 135.

Christian IX of Denmark, 226.

Christian of Schleswig Holstein, 15, 226.

Christian of Spain, 53, 88, 140.

Christina of Sweden, 165, 237.

Churchill, Lord Randolph, 98, 257.

Cinq Mars, 53.

Cis-Alpine Republic, 45.

Ciudad Rodrigo, 256.

Clare, County, 250, 257.

Clare, Richard de, 192, 243.

Clarendon, Lord, 47, 55.

Clay, Henry, 147, 228.

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 55, 116.

Clement V, Pope, 21, 249, 251, 272, 273.

Clement VII, Pope, 23, 119, 226.

Clement XIV, Pope, 78, 124.

Cleveland, President, 170, 180, 269.

Clifford, Lord High Treasurer, 42.

Clifford, Mr. (O.P. Riots), 177.

Clovis, 222.

Cluseret, 60.

Cobbett, W., 207.

Cobden, Richard, 12, 101, 159.

Cobham, Lord, 42.

Cochin China, 99.

Cochrane, Earl of Mar, 27.

Cockerton, T. B., 57.

Cognac, 221.

Colbert, J. B., 141.

Coligny, Admiral, 221.

Colley, General, 157.

Collings, Jesse, 253.

Cologne, 114, 228.

Colombia, United States of, 186.

Colorado, 50.

Columbia, District of, 61.

Columbus, Ohio, 141.

Columbus, Christopher, 222.

Combes, M., 18, 33.

Comyn, Alexander, 209.

Condé, Louis, Prince de, 7, 82, 228.

Condé, Henri, Prince de, 184.

Condorcanqui, 213.

Conflans, Treaty of, 29.

Congo Free State, 63, 40, 127.

Conkling, Roscoe, 240.

Connaught, 34, 60, 257.

Connecticut, 34, 62, 101, 113, 153, 173, 177, 252.

Connemara, 121.

Conrad II, Emperor, 190.

Conrad III, Emperor, 112.

Constance, 144.

Constance, Council of, 123, 226.

Constance, Diet of, 259.

Constance, Peace of, 150.

Constantine, Grand Duke of Russia, 73.

Constantinople, 14, 226, 233.

Conway (American Cabal), 43.

Corbie, 280.

Cornwall, 96, 241.

Cornwallis, Lord, 28, 175, 198, 281.

Corsica, 130.

Corsini, Count, 218.

Cortes, Hernando, 175.

Corti, Count, 67.

Cossacks, 281.

Courtrai, Battle of, 240.

Courtray, 4.

Couthon, G., 172.

Covenanters, 144, 207, 224, 245, 261, 275, 277.

Coventry, 266.

Coventry, Sir James, 69.

Cowper-Temple, 69.

Cranborne, Lord, 145.

Craven, Lord, 47.

Crete, 70.

Crichtons of Frendraught, 41.

Crim Tartary, 67, 140.

Crimea, 140, 188, 197, 225.

Croatia, 235.

Croker, John Wilson, 63.

Cromwell, Oliver, 74, 94, 121, 125, 126, 130, 146, 152, 157, 179, 184, 194, 211, 213, 214, 219, 228, 230, 231, 260, 273.

Cromwell, Richard, 38, 206.

Crusades, 7, 222.

Cuba, 8, 206, 209.

Culloden, Battle of, 42, 98, 143.

Cumberland, Duke of, 42, 56, 98.

Cunningham Graham, 257.

Curran, J.P., 265.

Custer, General, 71.

Cuyuni (River), 268.

Cyprus, 71.

Czartoryski, Adam, 261.

Czechs, 201, 280.

D’Alembert, J. le R., 87.

D’Artois, Comte, 195.

D’Avila, Sancho, 239.

D’Enghien, Duc, 195.

D’Este, Marquis, 150.

D’Estrées, Maréchal, 56.

Dalai Lama, 250.

Dalhousie, Lord, 245, 247, 253.

Dalmatia, 45, 130, 181.

Dalrymple, Sir Hew, 54.

Damascus, 145.

Danes, 72, 82, 95, 142, 221, 275, 276.

Dangerfield, 162.

Danton, G. J., 143, 165, 169.

Dantzig, 114, 197.

Danube, 3, 32, 72, 122, 188.

Dardanelles, 188, 266.

Dardanelles, Treaty of, 134.

Darling, Sir Charles, 270.

Darnley, Lord, 48, 220.

Dashkoff, Princess, 49.

Daulat Rao Sindhia, 235.

David I of Scotland, 211.

Davis, Jefferson, 62.

Davitt, Michael, 142.

De l’Hôpital, Chancellor, 169, 182, 218.

De la Marck, William, 26.

De Lesseps, Comte, 186.

De Montfort, Count Simon, 6.

De Montford, Simon, Earl of Leicester, 24, 77, 136, 146.

De Thou, 54.

De Witte, Admiral, 38.

Deccan, 195.

Defoe, D., 145.

Delagoa Bay Railway, 81.

Delaware, 35, 76, 161, 176, 252.

Delaware (River), 95.

Demarcation, Bull of, 256.

Demetrius Ivanovitch of Russia, 75.

Denkera, 96.

Denmark, 33, 35, 38, 40, 72, 82, 85, 91, 114, 135, 137, 139, 151, 153, 208, 216, 217, 226, 239, 255, 265, 274.

Derby, 95.

Derby, Edward, Earl of, 75, 145, 220, 249, 278.

Dermot, King of Leinster, 243.

Derry, 264.

Derwentwater, Lord, 94.

Deshima, 8.

Desmond, Earl of, 162.

Desmoulins, Camille, 143.

Despard, Colonel, 76.

Despencers, The, 277.

Devonshire, William, 1st Duke of, 175.

Devonshire, Spencer, 8th Duke of, 39, 120.

Dhuleep Singh, 141, 205.

Diaz de Vivar, Rodrigo, 53.

Diderot, Denis, 87.

Dindigul, 230.

Dingaan, 76.

Dinizulu, 173.

Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield, 145, 249.

Dnieper (River), 67, 197, 281.

Dniester (River), 132.

Doab, 141.

Doctrinaires, 180.

Döllinger, Dr., 179.

Dominicans, 126.

Don (River), 67.

Donauwörth, Troubles of, 204.

Donegal, Marquis of, 242.

Dongan, Thomas, 79.

Donis, Statute de, 276.

Donnelly, Ignatius, 199.

Doria, Andrea, 91, 93.

Dorr, Thomas W., 79.

Dorset, Earl of, 175.

Dort, Synod of, 15, 108.

Dost Mahomed, 234.

Dozsa, George, 80, 140.

Douglas, Archibald, Earl of Angus, 27.

Douglas, Sir James, 79.

Douglasses, The, 56.

Dover, 54.

Dow Win Sheou, 186.

Down, County, 242.

Drake, Sir Francis, 127.

Drakensberg, 171.

_Drapier’s Letters_, 279.

Dreyfus, Captain, 80.

Druses, 145.

Drutsch (River), 197.

Du Breuil, Peter, 153.

Du Tremblay, François, 37, 86.

Dublin, 48, 195.

Duclair, 81.

Duguesclin, Bertrand, 82.

Dunbar, 30, 67.

Dunbar, Earl of, 132.

Dunes, Battle of, 205.

Dunois, Jean, 25.

Dunraven, Earl of, 129.

Durham, 68.

Dwina (River), 197.

Eadgar, 82.

East Africa, 118.

East Anglia, 276.

Eastern Question, 5, 10, 21, 22, 24, 28, 32, 41, 48, 67, 70, 71, 72, 81, 115, 118, 132, 140, 145, 151, 188, 194, 205, 217, 220, 224, 225, 234, 235, 266, 271, 280.

Eddystone, 110.

Edinburgh, 199, 265.

Edmund Ironside, 130.

Edward I of England, 16, 38, 39, 51, 54, 56, 59, 62, 67, 79, 114, 149, 152, 156, 163, 172, 188, 192, 207, 215, 247, 274, 275, 276.

Edward II of England, 181, 232, 240.

Edward III of England, 38, 42, 67, 104, 108, 137, 141, 150, 158, 176, 192, 204, 223, 241, 256, 258.

Edward IV of England, 28, 149, 152, 191.

Edward VI of England, 5, 138, 214, 235, 236, 245, 264.

Edward the Black Prince, 32, 90, 98.

Egremont, Lord, 261.

Egypt, 9, 11, 13, 67, 72, 81, 92, 113, 134, 148, 159, 244.

El Dorado, 159.

Elba, 97, 122.

Elbe (River), 255.

Electors (Germany), 107.

Elizabeth of England, 3, 13, 17, 21, 49, 72, 75, 85, 118, 129, 137, 138, 157, 163, 198, 209, 215, 228, 245, 252, 253, 260, 265, 272.

Ellenborough, Lord, 183, 247.

Elmira, 96.

Emery, 255.

Emma of Normandy, 104.

Emmet, Robert, 86.

Engadine, 108.

English Acts and Statutes, 6, 13, 17, 20, 22, 29, 36, 39, 45, 49, 54, 55, 58, 65, 66, 69, 70, 77, 83, 84, 85, 86, 89, 94, 95, 97, 98, 106, 108, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 118, 120, 121, 124, 125, 128, 129, 131, 133, 137, 141, 146, 147, 149, 160, 163, 164, 168, 178, 194, 196, 197, 198, 200, 203, 204, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212, 215, 216, 218, 219, 226, 229, 230, 231, 235, 240, 241, 244, 245, 247, 249, 250, 251, 255, 256, 258, 260, 262, 264, 265, 266, 274, 276, 278.

English Church, 27, 45, 60, 63, 74, 85, 98, 114, 181, 121, 141, 144, 161, 164, 170, 172, 184, 201, 205, 206, 225, 226, 231, 235, 249, 251, 252, 276, 277.

English Civil War, 1, 23, 33, 50, 70, 87, 94, 95, 106, 123, 124, 125, 137, 146, 152, 155, 158, 173, 174, 209, 211, 213, 214, 219, 221, 238, 241, 263, 267, 273, 275.

English Political Parties, 1, 3, 8, 12, 37, 50, 60, 63, 68, 98, 120, 133, 147, 190, 207, 219, 247, 249, 256, 277.

Eperies, 34.

Erastus, 87.

Eric of Norway, 156.

Eric the Red, 8, 272.

Erie Ring, 248.

Eritrea, 2.

Erivan, 257.

Erpingham, Battle of, 152.

Erskine, Thomas, Lord, 102.

Esk (River), 73.

Essex, Lord, 220, 229.

Esthonia, 177.

Eugenius IV, Pope, 24.

Evesham, Battle of, 77.

Eyre, Governor, 168.

Ezzelino of Verona, 150.

Falk, Dr., 90.

Falk Laws, 140.

Falkland, Lord, 109.

Faneuil Hall, 69.

Farel, G., 281.

Faroë Islands, 137.

Fastolfe, Sir John, 118.

Faveau, 161.

Fawkes, Guido, 112.

Fawkner, J.P., 199.

Fécamp, 43.

Ferdinand I, Emperor, 43.

Ferdinand II, Emperor, 153, 214, 252.

Ferdinand III, Emperor, 16, 252.

Ferdinand II of Naples, 35.

Ferdinand I of Spain, 53.

Ferdinand V of Spain, 23, 53, 125, 222.

Ferdinand VII of Spain, 44, 46, 64, 141, 201.

Ferrara, 145.

Ferry, Jules, 180, 256.

Feudalism, 3, 15, 22, 59, 92, 93, 98, 101, 139, 152, 157, 190, 194, 198, 202, 212, 218, 238, 244, 268, 272, 275.

Fifth Monarchy Men, 269.

Fingoes, 242.

Finland, 1, 100, 177.

Fisheries, 99, 101, 113, 187, 192, 267.

Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, 174.

Fitzgeralds, 105.

Flammock, Thomas, 96.

Flanders, 38, 39, 105, 144, 152, 155, 239, 241.

Flesselles, Prévôt des Marchés, 171.

Flood, Henry, 234.

Florence, 12, 15, 29, 91, 191, 195, 218.

Florida, 112, 149, 187, 192, 270.

Foix, Gaston de, 254.

Fontenay, Battle of, 40, 178.

Foochow, 180.

Forest Cantons, 84.

Forest, Edwin, 18.

Formosa, 97, 233.

Forster, W. E., 84.

Fotheringay, 21.

Fouché, Joseph, 195.

Fouquier-Tinville, 250.

Fourier, Charles, 98.

Fox, Charles James, 164, 280.

Fox, George, 205.

Fraga, 93.

Franche Comté, 4, 174.

Francis I of France, 44, 62, 92, 93, 106, 119, 155, 184, 193, 256, 272, 274.

Francis II of France, 7.

Francis II of Naples, 44, 130.

Francis Joseph of Austria, 62.

Francis, Sir Philip, 134.

Franconia, 19, 116, 191, 236.

Frankfort, 49, 100, 215.

Franks, 7, 51, 170, 171.

Frederick II of Brandenburg, 130.

Frederick VII of Denmark, 226.

Frederick V, Elector Palatine, 252, 278.

Frederick I, Emperor, 64, 150, 190, 218.

Frederick II, Emperor, 22, 154, 279.

Frederick III, Emperor, 14.

Frederick, Emperor of Germany, 266.

Frederick I of Prussia, 31, 70.

Frederick II (the Great) of Prussia, 5, 7, 38, 103, 142, 197, 203, 224, 232.

Frederick Charles, Prince of Prussia, 209.

Frederick William IV of Prussia, 56, 139, 266.

French Acts and Edicts, 18, 25, 28, 51, 97, 100, 131, 150, 162, 164, 169, 172, 174, 181, 182, 202, 206, 210, 236, 245, 272.

French Political Parties, 36, 124, 143, 169, 180, 196, 198, 208, 250, 251, 254.

French Revolution, 8, 17, 22, 25, 38, 39, 42, 43, 53, 54, 66, 75, 76, 77, 86, 87, 93, 95, 100, 103, 115, 117, 119, 124, 126, 132, 133, 139, 143, 165, 167, 169, 172, 177, 182, 195, 216, 224, 229, 243, 245, 250, 252, 260.

Frendaught, 41.

Fribourg, 252.

Friesland, 37, 266.

Frisia, 145.

Friuli, 45.

Frobisher, Martin, 127.

Frost (Chartist), 51.

Fürst of Uri, 111.

Fusen, 220.

Fyrd, 257.

Gaboon, 65.

Gadesden, James, 103.

Gaekwar, The, 198.

Gage, Thomas, 159.

Gaikas, 242.

Galetti, Count, 218.

Galicia, 197, 271.

Gallifet, Marquis de, 60.

Galway, 245.

Gambetta, Léon, 180.

Ganges (River), 235.

Garfield, President, 113, 168, 240.

Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 44, 104, 130.

Garrison, Wm. Lloyd, 12.

Gascony, 1, 38, 98.

Gastein, Treaty of, 227.

Gauden, Bishop of Exeter, 85.

Gaunt, John of, 141.

Gaveston, Piers, 181.

Gilderland, 266.

Geneva, 63, 147, 159, 209, 256.

Genghis Khan, 107, 248.

Genoa, 70, 91, 93, 148, 187, 218.

Gensan, 220.

George, Despot of Servia, 246.

George, Duke, of Saxony, 119, 256.

George I of England, 19, 217, 224, 242, 244, 262, 277.

George II of England, 192.

George III of England, 76, 90, 91, 138, 222.

George IV of England, 3, 95, 102, 193, 202.

Georgia, 86, 104, 252.

Geraldines, 162.

Gerard V, Count of Ravensberg, 221.

German Acts, 1, 46, 47, 90, 134.

German Political Parties, 48, 50, 134, 139, 166.

Gerry, Elbridge, 132.

Ghazi, 28.

Ghent, 51, 135.

Ghent, Convention of, 111.

Ghent, Pacification of, 158, 193.

Ghent, Treaty of, 223.

Ghoorkas, 172.

Gibraltar, 78, 90, 267, 271.

Gironde, 39, 59.

Girondins, 196, 250.

Gladstone, W. E., 12, 21, 57, 103, 106, 109, 120, 128, 138, 147, 248, 263.

Glamorgan, Earl of, 18.

Glarus, 84.

Glencairn, Earl of, 18.

Glenelg, Lord, 204.

Gloucester, Duke of, 279.

Gloucestershire, 274.

Godaveri (River), 235.

Godfrey, Sir Edmundbury, 199.

Godoy, Manuel, 97, 203.

Gohad, 235.

Gold Coast, 10.

Gomarus, 65, 108.

Gonsalvo de Cordova, 109.

Gordon, General Charles, 53, 89, 247.

Gordon, Lord George, 108.

Gordons of Huntly, The, 41.

Görgey, General, 272.

Görlitz, 236.

Gorst, Sir John, 98.

Görz, 130.

Goths, 102.

Gotteshausbund, 249.

Govind Rai, 234.

Gowrie, Lord, 220.

Graaf-Reinet, 236.

Gradenigo, Doge of Venice, 254.

Grafton Ministry, 134.

Grahams, The, 73.

Granada, 1, 160, 168.

Grant, General Ulysses, 147.

Granville, Bishop of Arras, 161.

Grattan, Henry, 110, 234, 265.

Graubund, 249.

Gray, Wilson, 142.

Great Salt Lake, 168.

Greece, 14, 78, 128, 150, 151, 160, 194.

Greeley, Horace, 147.

Greenland, 137.

Gregory VII, Pope, 46, 154.

Gregory X, Pope, 61, 154, 199.

Gregory XI, Pope, 21, 266.

Gregory XII, Pope, 196.

Gregory XIII, Pope, 127.

Gregory XV, Pope, 203.

Grenville, George, 261.

Grenville, William, Lord, 164.

Grey, Earl, 102.

Grey, Sir George, 7.

Griffith, Sir Richard, 111.

Griqualand, 2, 175, 276.

Grisons, 24, 111, 167, 268.

Groningen, 266.

Groote Privilegie, 105.

Grousset, Paschal, 60.

Guadeloupe, 187, 243.

Guatemala, 43, 50.

Guelfs, 29, 194.

Gueux, 38.

Guienne, 38, 51.

Guinegate, Battle of, 240.

Guipuscoa, 189, 190.

Guise, Francis, Duc de, 261, 268.

Guise, Henri, Duc de, 22, 24.

Guises, The, 7, 133, 144, 218, 221.

Guiteau, 240.

Guithelin, 161.

Guizot, F. P. G., 239.

Gussinje, 67.

Gustavus III of Sweden, 11.

Gustavus IV of Sweden, 100.

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, 24, 116, 148, 214, 237, 241, 243.

Gustavus Vasa, 33.

Guyon, Mme., 207.

Gwader, Ralph of, 39.

Gwalior, 235.

Gwyn, Sir Rowland, 191.

Gwynne, Nell, 69.

Hague, The, 1.

Haidar Ali, 155, 222.

Hainau, General, 122.

Hainault, 105, 158.

Hakodaté, 8.

Hakon the Good of Denmark, 102, 112.

Halifax, Nova Scotia, 45.

Halifax, Charles, First Earl of, 134, 171.

Halifax, George, Second Earl of, 261.

Halland, 40.

Hamburg, 100, 114.

_Hamburger Nachrichten_, 212.

Hamilton, Duke of, 124.

Hampden, John, 95, 233.

Hankow, 140.

Hanover, 112, 114, 201, 222, 261.

Hanse League, 48.

Harcourt, Sir W. Vernon, 219.

Hardwicke, Lord, 96.

Haroun-al-Raschid, 23.

Harrowby, Lord, 49.

Haselrig, Sir John, 95.

Hassan-ben-Sabah, 16.

Hastings, Warren, 27, 244.

Hatton, Sir Christopher, 72.

Havana, 187.

Haverfordwest, 192.

Hawkwood, Sir John, 277.

Hay, Secretary, 116.

Hegealand, 40.

Held, Chancellor, 119.

Helsingfors, 1.

Henry III, Emperor, 259.

Henry IV, Emperor, 46.

Henry I of England, 26, 68, 71, 89, 95, 106, 205.

Henry II of England, 3, 17, 38, 65, 71, 72, 90, 105, 227, 275, 278.

Henry III of England, 8, 17, 24, 52, 97, 128, 141, 146, 155, 188, 215, 222, 263.

Henry IV of England, 25, 82, 113, 141, 270, 274.

Henry V of England, 6, 261.

Henry VI of England, 76.

Henry VII of England, 73, 94, 110, 158, 163, 169, 193, 241.

Henry VIII of England, 11, 13, 16, 18, 19, 31, 34, 66, 74, 75, 93, 119, 138, 150, 176, 177, 195, 206, 209, 218, 236, 240, 244, 245, 266, 275, 277.

Henry II of France, 48, 50, 144.

Henry III of France, 9, 24, 51, 84, 133, 164, 172, 217, 221, 265.

Henry IV of France (Henry of Navarre), 9, 30, 90, 96, 163, 175, 184, 208, 257, 261, 266.

Henry, King of Jerusalem, 250.

Henry, King of Poland, 184.

Herat, 188, 234.

Herbert, W., 160.

Hereford, Earl of, 39.

Herefordshire, 274.

Herschel, Sir John, 118.

Herzegovina, 28, 218.

Hesse, 105.

Hesse-Cassel, 201.

Hesse Darmstadt, 215.

Hexhamshire, 68.

Highlands, The, 77, 241, 246, 257.

Hill, Isaac, 139.

Hill, Sir Rowland, 192.

Hindus, 37.

Hoche, General, 175.

Hofmeyr, J. H., 4.

Hohenlinden, Battle of, 154.

Hohenlohe, Count of, 145.

Holkar, 198, 207.

Holland, 4, 9, 10, 17, 24, 29, 38, 49, 95, 105, 109, 114, 116, 121, 151, 152, 154, 174, 187, 189, 220, 222, 232, 239, 245, 260, 261, 266, 267, 272, 279.

Holstein, 137.

Holy Alliance, 167.

Holyrood, 215.

Honan, 247.

Honduras, 50.

Hong Kong, 170, 180.

Honorius II, Pope, 249.

Honorius III, Pope, 47, 78.

_Hopeful, The_, 136.

Horn, Count, 11.

Hottentots, 186.

Howard of Effingham, Lord, 127.

Howard, Sir John, 133.

Howe, Lord, 107, 176.

Hudson (River), 69, 95, 236.

Hudson’s Bay, 45, 209.

Huguenots, 5, 8, 9, 30, 51, 52, 59, 80, 84, 103, 122, 123, 131, 144, 152, 167, 172, 174, 175, 184, 198, 203, 215, 221, 228, 257, 268.

Hullin, General, 158.

Humbert, General, 175.

Hung Hsiu Chwan, 247.

Hungary, 19, 34, 47, 54, 75, 80, 96, 107, 121, 122, 139, 140, 141, 156, 191, 202, 207, 246, 255, 272.

Hungary, Master of, 190.

Hunt, Orator, 159, 207.

Huntly, Marquis of, 69.

Hunyadi Janos, 246.

Huss, John, 64, 122, 279.

Hussites, 16, 44, 60, 122, 168, 195, 246.

Hyderabad, 260.

Hythe, 54.

Ibrahim Pasha, 274.

Iglau, 60.

Ilbert, C. P., 123.

Illinois, 169, 201, 244.

Incas, 213.

India, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 31, 34, 35, 37, 50, 53, 56, 71, 75, 83, 110, 123, 125, 133, 137, 139, 141, 155, 159, 165, 180, 183, 189, 193, 195, 198, 204, 205, 207, 211, 220, 222, 230, 231, 234, 235, 237, 238, 244, 245, 247, 253, 260, 261, 264, 268, 269, 281.

Indiana, 121, 169, 278.

Indore, 118, 159.

Ingermanland, 243.

Ingolstadt, 123.

Ingria, 177.

Inkerman, Battle of, 238.

Innocent II, Pope, 98, 143.

Innocent III, Pope, 126, 127, 143, 262.

Innocent IV, Pope, 154.

Innocent X, Pope, 265.

Innocent XI, Pope, 211.

Innspruck, 190.

Ionian Islands, 45, 128, 181.

Iowa, 116.

Ireland, Duke of, 152.

Irene, Empress of the East, 174.

Irish Acts, 66, 96, 126, 127, 138, 192, 215, 216, 245, 265.

Irish Land, 37, 58, 70, 74, 111, 121, 128, 138, 142, 146, 154, 162, 166, 168, 173, 177, 189, 196, 242, 263, 266.

Irish Political Parties, 12, 120, 146.

Irish Religious Question, 37, 49, 62, 101, 118, 127, 128, 148, 181, 213, 245.

Iron Gate, 72.

Isabella of France, 223, 232.

Isabella of Spain, 46, 239.

Iskander Beg, 6.

Istria, 45, 130.

Italy, 2, 10, 29, 54, 58, 64, 104, 112, 129, 130, 144, 150, 154, 155, 186, 201, 215, 222, 225, 229.

Jaafar, 23.

Jackson, Andrew, 139, 179.

Jackson, Thomas J., 243.

Jacobins, 93, 196.

Jacobites, 16, 19, 34, 42, 57, 60, 94, 97, 122, 131, 149, 184, 206.

Jaffa, 131.

Jamaica, 40, 131, 160, 168.

James I of Aragon, 183.

James I of England, 2, 24, 25, 35, 38, 42, 50, 59, 73, 91, 95, 108, 109, 110, 124, 129, 132, 145, 150, 164, 178, 194, 200, 220, 227, 240, 257, 273, 274.

James II of England, 18, 19, 74, 118, 206, 220, 229, 231, 250, 253, 280.

James III of Scotland, 27.

James IV of Scotland, 193.

James V of Scotland, 58, 138, 253.

James, Duke of York, 89.

James Edward (the Old Pretender), 19, 179.

James (River), 231.

James, Sir Henry, 120.

Jameson, Dr., 131, 258.

Jämtland, 40.

Jansen, Cornelius, 124, 131.

Jansenists, 124, 199, 265.

Japan, 8, 11, 14, 53, 71, 88, 97, 102, 108, 114, 115, 133, 164, 183, 218, 220, 223, 225, 233.

Jean Sans Peur, Duke of Burgundy, 185.

Jeannin, 23.

Jeffreys, Judge, 34, 118, 139.

Jellachich, General, 122.

Jena, 42.

Jerome Buonaparte, 197, 255, 268.

Jerome of Prague, 44, 123.

Jersey, 68.

Jerusalem, 146.

Jesuits, 78, 253.

Jeypur, 235.

Joan of Arc, 156, 204.

Jodhpur, 235.

Johannesburg, 81, 258.

John of England, 127, 141, 156.

John of France, 38, 252.

John XII, Pope, 37.

John XXIII, Pope, 64, 226.

John IV of Portugal, 200.

John VI of Portugal, 74.

John of Leyden, 9.

John Frederick of Saxony, 227.

John Frederick of Würtemberg, 204.

Johnson, President, 250.

Johnston, Robert, 261.

Jones, Sir William, 104.

Joseph II, Emperor, 103, 133.

Joseph Buonaparte, 52, 134, 255, 271.

Joubert, 267.

Joyce, Myles, 155.

Juarez, B. P., 210.

Julius II, Pope, 119, 144.

Jumna (River), 235.

Junot, General, 54.

Kabul, 217.

Kaffirs, 106, 242, 259.

Kaga, 71.

Kali (River), 172.

Kamenz, 236.

Kanakas, 32, 124, 135.

Kandahar, 217.

Kansas, 104, 136, 165, 175, 240.

Karmath, 136.

Kars, 28, 71, 188.

Kashgar, 19, 140.

Katak, 75.

Keate, R. W., 136.

Keble, John, 184.

Kemble, J. P., 177.

Kendall, Amos, 139.

Kenmure, Lord, 94.

Kent, 68, 104.

Kentucky, 7, 34, 35, 42, 136, 169.

Khartoum, 91, 156.

Khatmandu, 172.

Khyber Pass, 103.

Kilimanjaro, 281.

Killala, 175.

Kimberley, 76, 123, 138.

Kitchener, Lord, 91.

Kiümer (River), 2.

Knights Templars, 167, 272, 273.

Knox, John, 77.

Knut, 82, 104, 121, 252.

Kobe, 8.

Kohinoor, 205.

Kok, Adam, 175.

Koran, 233, 245, 263.

Korea, 4, 11, 220, 255.

Kosciusko, T., 197.

Kossuth, Louis, 89, 122.

Kruger, Paul, 2.

Ku Klux Klan, 97.

Kulturkampf, 46, 50, 90, 134, 140, 264.

Kumasi, 96.

Kuram Valley, 103.

Kurds, 24.

Kutb-ud-Din, 237.

Kutschi-Kraina, 67.

Kutusoff, General, 41.

La Bourdonnaye, 49.

La Charité, 221.

La Rochelle, 5, 103, 167, 174, 221.

Ladislaus IV of Poland, 253.

Lafayette, Marquis de, 52.

Lafone, Abbé, 158.

Lalor, Peter, 89.

Lambert, General, 125, 184.

Lamothe, Mme., 76.

Lamourette, Bishop of Lyons, 22.

Lancashire, 33, 67.

Lancaster, 68.

Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, 39.

Larochejaquelin, 53.

Las Casas, Bartolomeo de, 125, 177.

Laski, 5.

Lateran Council, First, 279.

Lateran Council, Fourth, 108, 181.

Latimer, Lord, 108.

Lauban, 236.

Laud, Archbishop, 245, 246, 253.

Lauderdale, Lord, 42.

Lauenburg, 104, 151.

Lavigerie, Cardinal, 208.

Law, John, 165, 186.

Lazar, Despot of Servia, 230.

League, The, 265.

Ledrin-Rollin, A. A., 89.

Lee, Ann, 169, 232.

Lee, C., 43.

Lee, General, 232.

Lee, J. D., 169.

Leeds, 210.

Lefebvre, Maréchale, 224.

Legations, 21, 256.

Legnago, 205.

Legnano, Battle of, 150.

Leicester, 95.

Leif, 272.

Leinster, 34.

Leinster, Duke of, 219.

Leipsic, Battle of, 171.

Lennox, Earl of, 220.

Lenthall, W., 219.

Leo III, Emperor of the East, 64, 123.

Leo III, Pope, 119.

Leo X, Pope, 62, 73, 74, 89, 119.

Leon, 102.

Leopold I of Belgium, 172.

Leopold I of Austria, 34.

Leopold I, Emperor, 70, 220.

_Lettres Persanes_, 234.

Li Hung Chang, 30.

Liao-tong Peninsula, 233.

Liebler, Thomas, 87.

Lightfoot, Hannah, 90.

Lille, 4, 24.

Limburg, 154.

Limerick, 146, 245.

Limerick, Pacification of, 215.

Limoges, 38.

Lincoln, 95.

Lincoln, Abraham, 35, 85, 114, 179, 207.

Lincoln, Fair of, 141.

Little Big Horn, 71.

Liverpool, 210.

Liverpool, Lord, 49.

Livonia, 177, 243.

Löbau, 236.

Loch, Lord, 2.

Locke, John, 166.

Lodge, 97.

Lodomiria, 197.

Lollards, 113.

Lombard League, 64.

Lombardy, 129.

London, 12, 89, 94, 108, 123, 129, 150, 151, 177, 196, 236, 257, 273, 277.

Long Parliament, 194, 202, 209, 213, 221, 238, 273.

Loo Choo Islands, 97.

Lorne, Marquis of, 232.

Lorraine, 100, 190, 191, 205, 221, 271.

Lorraine, Duke of, 5.

Lothair, Emperor, 40, 153, 178, 269.

Louis IV, Emperor, 194.

Louis I of France, 40, 153, 178, 243.

Louis VI of France, 106.

Louis IX of France, 1, 8, 48, 88, 98, 179, 188, 201, 206, 238.

Louis XI of France, 29, 63, 191, 193.

Louis XII of France, 30, 44, 91, 119.

Louis XIII of France, 23, 24, 54, 82, 167, 203, 217.

Louis XIV of France, 4, 19, 43, 79, 84, 102, 109, 110, 124, 130, 152, 157, 174, 175, 211, 217, 220, 225, 239, 255, 267.

Louis XV of France, 29, 158, 187.

Louis XVI of France, 76, 83, 126, 129, 167, 172, 182, 236.

Louis XVIII of France, 2, 46, 50, 51, 78, 86.

Louis of Nassau, 112.

Louis the Bavarian, 213.

Louis the Dauphin, 141, 148.

Louis the German, 40, 163, 269.

Louis Philippe of France, 90, 93, 134, 170, 197, 215, 217, 239, 254.

Louise of Savoy, 184.

Louisiana, 69, 112, 187, 192.

Louvois, 80, 274.

Lovat, Lord, 206.

Lowe, Robert, 161.

Lowther, Sir John, 175.

Loyola, Ignatius, 132.

Lübeck, 48, 100, 114.

Lübeck, Peace of, 214.

Lucca, 218.

Lucerne, 193, 231.

Ludlow, John, 153.

Lupus, Hugh, 52.

Lusatia, 201.

Luton Moor, 241.

Luther, Martin, 16, 73, 74, 126, 227, 279.

Lutherans, 213, 240.

Luxembourg, 151.

Lyons, 170.

Lyons, Council of, 199.

Lynch, James, 154.

Lytton, Lord, 220.

McCarthy, Justin, 187.

McClellan, General, 231.

Macdermott, “The Great,” 133.

Macdonalds of Glencoe, 107.

Macduff, Clan, 203.

McIntosh, Clan, 219.

Mack, General, 263.

Mackau, Baron de, 265.

McLeod, Clan, 219.

Macmahon, Marshal, 153, 229.

M’Murroughs, 34.

Macready, 18.

Madras, 155.

Madrid, 44.

Magdeburg, 135.

Magenta, Battle of, 272.

Magnus the Good of Denmark, 109.

Maguire, Cornelius, 166.

Mahdists, 91.

Mahidpore, Battle of, 159.

Mahrattas, 25, 75, 118, 159, 193, 196, 198, 205, 222, 230, 235.

Maid of Norway, 39.

Maine, France, 1, 38, 106.

Maine, U.S.A., 154, 157, 196.

Maitland, Lord, 69.

Maitland, Sir Peregrine, 2.

Majuba Hill, 202.

Malabar, 230.

Malcolm IV of Scotland, 156.

Malcolm Canmore, 203.

Malet, General, 158.

Malietoa, 223.

Mallard, 161.

Malta, 130, 187.

Mamelukes, 113.

Man, Isle of, 137, 263.

Manchester, 210.

Manchester, Edward, Earl of, 229.

Manchuria, 10, 48, 140.

Manitoba, 45, 209.

Mankoroane, 136, 142.

Manners, Lord John, 280.

Mantua, 205.

Maories, 274.

Mar, Earl of, 34, 94, 122.

Marat, Jean Paul, 8.

March, Agnes, Countess of, 30.

Marchand, Captain, 91.

Marchiel, M. de, 130.

Marengo, Battle of, 154.

Margaret of Anjou, 191.

Margaret of Denmark, 229, 265.

Margaret of Parma, 65.

Margaret Tudor, 193.

Marguerite de Valois, 175.

Maria of Portugal, 230.

Maria Theresa of Austria, 5, 99, 197, 200.

Marie Antoinette, 53, 75, 76, 167.

Marie Thérèse of France, 12, 182.

Marignano, Battle of, 106.

Marillac, Colonel, 80.

Marlborough, Duke of, 67, 175, 239.

Marlborough, Sarah, Duchess of, 206.

Marlborough, Statute of, 276.

Maronites, 145.

Maroto, General, 28.

Marseillais, 92.

Marseilles, 70.

Martel, Charles, 157.

Martia, 160.

Martin V, Pope, 24, 64, 226.

Martinique, 187.

Marx, 127.

Mary of Burgundy, 105, 111.

Mary of England, 121, 209, 265.

Mary of Modena, 206.

Mary Queen of Scots, 21, 48, 212, 216, 220.

Maryland, 21, 35, 161, 179, 252.

Masaniello, 231.

Mashonaland, 2, 11.

Mason, George, 273.

Massachusetts, 25, 34, 61, 62, 88, 113, 132, 165, 173, 211, 232, 252.

Masséna, Marshal, 87.

Massouw, 242.

Massowah, 10.

Mataafa, 223.

Mathew, Father, 249.

Matilda of Tuscany, 46.

Matthias of Austria, 202.

Matthioli, Count, 130.

Maubeuge, 24.

Maurice of Saxony, 190.

Mauritius, 187.

Maximilian of Bavaria, 119, 279.

Maximilian I, Emperor, 19, 44, 119, 143, 197, 212, 268.

Maximilian of Mexico, 151.

Maxwell, Lord, 18.

Mayence, 228.

Mayence, Synod of, 279.

Mayenne, Duc de, 96.

_Mayflower, The_, 195.

Mazarin, Cardinal, 124, 215.

Mazzini, Giuseppe, 89, 218, 280.

Meagher, 280.

Meath, 34.

Mecca, 42, 136.

Medici, 15, 195.

Medici, Catherine de’, 8, 58, 152, 184, 221.

Medici, Cosmo de’, 91.

Medici, Giovanni de’, 90.

Medici, Giuliano de’, 191.

Medici, Lorenzo de’, 191.

Medici, Marie de’, 82.

Mehemet Ali, 72, 134, 274.

Mekong (River), 10, 99.

Melancthon, 19, 127.

Melbourne, 32, 199.

Melbourne, Lord, 26, 131.

Melchthal of Unterwalden, 111.

Melville, Andrew, 77.

Melville, Lord, 132.

Mercia, 95, 177, 276.

Methuen Treaty, 59.

Metz, 100.

Mexico, 21, 42, 50, 92, 103, 111, 150, 175, 210, 240, 278.

Meyer, Lucas, 173.

Mezzofanti, Cardinal, 192.

Michigan, 141, 279.

Michni Pass, 103.

Middelburg, 158.

Miguel, Don, of Portugal, 89.

Mikado, 233.

Milan, 149, 150, 152, 218, 269.

Milanese, 154, 189, 256.

Millenary Petition, 114.

Minamoto-no-Yoritomo, 233.

Minorca, 79, 90, 267, 270, 271.

Mirabeau, Comte de, 8.

Mirabeau, Marquis de, 8, 167.

Miramon, President, 210.

Miranda, General, 109.

Mississippi, 20, 26, 112.

Missouri, 35.

Missouri Compromise, 136, 240.

Mitchel, John, 280.

Mitton, Chapter of, 51.

Modena, 130.

Mohammed, 44.

Mohammed Ahmed, 156.

Mohammed-es-Senussi, 229.

Mohammedanism, 44, 104, 105, 113, 116, 132, 136, 156, 166, 185, 186, 229, 233, 237, 245, 274.

Mohawks, 96.

Molapo, 124.

Moldavia, 3, 5, 27, 121, 124, 140, 273.

Molina, Fray, 166.

Mongain, 10.

Monk, General, 47, 219.

Monmouth, James Duke of, 31, 34, 138, 203.

Monmouth, Earl of, 175.

Monroe Doctrine, 119, 180.

Monroe, President, 87, 167, 180.

Mont St. Michel, 43.

Montauban, 167, 221.

Montbars the Exterminator, 40.

Montenegro, 28, 67, 81.

Montesquieu, 234.

Montferrat, Conrad of, 16.

Montgomeryshire, 255.

Montigny, Seigneur de, 158.

Montpensier, Duc de, 239.

Montreuil, 38.

Montrose, Earl of, 70.

Montserrat, 38.

Montsioa, 136.

Montt, President, 168.

Moors, 1, 93, 160, 168, 185.

Morea, 47, 190.

Morgan, Sir Henry, 40.

Morley, John, 219.

Mormons, 72, 84, 144, 169.

Morocco, 155, 223.

Mortier, Marshal, 93.

Morton, Douglas, Earl of, 79.

Morton, Cardinal, 169.

Moshesh, 7, 124, 237, 251.

Moukhtar Pacha, 105.

Mounteagle, Lord, 112.

Mourad I of Turkey, 230, 275.

Mulmutius, 161, 170.

Mun, Comte de, 265.

Munster, 216, 234.

Münster, 9.

Münzer, 191.

Murray, James, Earl of, 220.

Mysore, 155, 159, 230, 260.

Nagasaki, 8.

Nakitchevan, 257.

Namur, 24.

Nana Sahib, 50.

Nának, Babu, 234.

Nanking, 247.

Nantes, Edict of, 122, 167, 174.

Naples, 35, 44, 46, 63, 90, 130, 141, 152, 161, 181, 189, 224, 227, 231, 271.

Napoleon, 2, 3, 25, 27, 28, 37, 46, 48, 52, 54, 57, 61, 65, 67, 76, 77, 86, 87, 97, 120, 122, 131, 135, 146, 148, 158, 162, 164, 171, 174, 181, 194, 195, 202, 215, 222, 224, 227, 228, 243, 250, 251, 253, 262.

Napoleon III, 21, 36, 43, 68, 73, 111, 151, 182, 196, 208, 229, 262, 272.

Napoleon, Prince, 197, 202.

Nassau, 201.

Natal, 33, 171, 204, 259.

Navarino, Battle of, 201.

Nebraska, 136, 165, 240.

Nejd, 274.

Nelson, Lord, 118.

Nerbudda (River), 198.

Netherlands, 1, 15, 19, 22, 33, 38, 40, 51, 60, 79, 103, 105, 107, 111, 112, 121, 135, 153, 157, 193, 212, 213, 242, 266.

Neuchâtel, 225, 227.

Nevski Prospekt, 73.

New Brunswick, 45.

New Granada, 147.

New Hampshire, 110, 252.

New Haven, 62, 113, 173, 232.

New Jersey, 38, 252.

New Mexico, 61, 103, 111, 175.

New Orleans, 153, 187.

New South Wales, 20, 36, 92, 100, 136, 142, 207.

New York City, 18, 80, 82, 78, 88, 92, 94, 238, 248, 262.

New York State, 5, 38, 86, 89, 111, 238, 252.

_New York Times_, 248.

New Zealand, 20, 120, 173, 274.

Newfoundland, 35, 45, 95, 99, 101, 114, 187, 191, 267.

Newman, Cardinal, 184.

Ney, Marshal, 37, 148.

Nicaragua, 50.

Nice, 262.

Nicholas II, Pope, 198, 218.

Nicholas V, Pope, 16.

Nicholas I of Russia, 73, 129, 234, 252.

Nimeguen, Peace of, 220.

Ningpo, 180.

Nizam, 261.

Norfolk, Thomas, 4th Duke of, 215, 235.

Norfolk, Earl of, 39.

Normandy, 1, 38, 63, 104.

Norsemen, 7, 8, 28, 35, 55, 81, 102, 109, 112, 117, 118, 132, 136, 149, 176, 178, 181, 183, 221, 226, 252, 253, 272, 273.

North, Lord, 19, 206, 211.

_North Briton_, 177.

North Carolina, 211, 252, 262.

North German Confederation, 41.

Northbrook, Lord, 24.

Northumberland, Duke of, 42.

Norway, 163, 243, 265.

Norwich, Bridal of, 39.

Notarbartolo, Signor, 155.

Nottingham, 95, 153.

Nottingham, Earl of, 175.

Nova Scotia, 2, 38, 45.

Novara, 271.

Novgorod, 51.

Novossiltsof, 261.

Noyon, 44.

Nuremberg, 50, 213.

O’Brien, Smith, 280.

O’Brien, William, 266.

O’Briens, The, 34.

O’Connell, Daniel, 29, 49, 56, 101, 147, 178, 214, 218.

O’Connor, Feargus, 51.

O’Connors, The, 34.

O’Donnell, The, 129.

O’Higgins, General, 109.

O’Lachlans, The, 34.

O’Neill of Ulster, 129.

O’Neills, The, 34.

O’Shea, Captain, 12, 138.

Oates, Titus, 162, 199.

Oberyssel, 266.

Obock, 10.

Ohio, 41, 169.

Oklahoma, 175.

Old Orsova, 235.

Olmütz, Humiliation of, 261.

Olney, Secretary, 167, 180, 269.

Omar, Caliph, 189.

Oneidas, 96.

Onondagas, 96.

Oorah, 27.

Opium War, 170.

Orange Free State, 2, 7, 33, 42, 124, 151, 218, 237, 251, 267, 273.

Orange River, 174, 175, 259.

Oribe, President, 33.

Orinoco (River), 239, 269.

Orkneys, 38, 178, 263.

Orlando, 185.

Orleans, 156.

Orleans, Duke of, 154, 185.

Orleans, Duke of (Egalité), 84, 87, 167.

Orleans, Duke of (Gamelle), 103.

Orloffs, The, 49.

Ormonde, Lord, 19, 260.

Orrery, Lord, 19.

Orsini, Cardinal, 281.

Ortiz de Rosas, 104.

Orton, Arthur, 55.

Osman Pasha, 105.

Ostend, 79.

Oszakov, 132.

Ottawa, 7.

Otto of Bavaria, 150.

Oude, 27, 244, 247.

Overend and Gurney, 31.

Oxenstierna, Chancellor, 116.

Oxford, 36, 266.

Oxford, Earl of, 175.

Paardeberg, 157.

Padilla, Juan de, 225.

Padua, 254.

Paes de Andrade, 87.

Pago Pago, 223.

Pahlen, Count, 184.

Pakington, Sir John, 249.

Palatinate, 239.

Palermo, 155, 233.

Palestine, 120, 249.

Palmerston, Lord, 57, 78, 185, 239.

Pamirs, 218.

Panama, 40, 239.

Panama Canal, 116.

Panda, 171.

Pannonia, 156.

Panslavism, 180, 201.

Papal States, 10, 21, 31, 45, 78, 119, 131, 145, 190, 229, 256.

Paraguay, 156, 196, 261.

Paris, 14, 18, 36, 42, 43, 47, 60, 99, 102, 126, 157, 165, 171, 194, 228, 236, 250, 255, 280.

Paris, Comte de, 202.

Paris, Peace of, 121.

Paris, Treaty of, 216, 220, 260.

Parker, Archbishop, 170.

Parma, 90, 97, 130, 154, 232, 271, 272.

Parma, Duke of, 89.

Parnell, C. S., 12, 120, 138, 187, 189, 264.

Pascal, Blaise, 131, 199.

Paskievitch, General, 272.

Pasquino, 190.

Passau, Treaty of, 214.

Paterson (Darien Scheme), 72.

Paul III, Pope, 75, 211, 259.

Paul IV, Pope, 70, 125.

Paul I of Russia, 184.

Pavia, General, 76.

Peasants’ War, 130.

Pedro IV of Aragon, 13.

Pedro, Don, of Aragon, 233.

Pedro I of Brazil, 43, 74.

Pedro IV of Portugal, 51.

Peel, Sir Robert, 26, 66, 162, 180, 191, 248.

Peking, 152, 254.

Pelagius, Pope, 126.

Pelham, Henry, 40.

Pelucones, 168.

Pembroke, Thomas, 8th Earl of, 175.

Pembrokeshire, 68.

Penn, William, 119.

Pennsylvania, 119, 137, 161, 166, 176, 252, 277, 279.

Pepin of France, 78, 157.

Percy, Henry, 121.

Périgord, 38.

Pernambuco, 87.

Perry, Commodore, 8.

Persia, 112, 188, 189, 234, 257, 258.

Persian Gulf, 188.

Perth, 95, 220.

Peru, 9, 124, 147, 184.

Pescadores, 233.

Peschiera, 205.

Peshwa, The, 25, 198, 245, 261.

Peter, Count of Brittany, 24.

Peter Martyr, 58.

Peter I (the Great) of Russia, 177, 202, 204, 221, 243.

Peter III of Russia, 49.

Peterhof, 49.

Peyronnet, 9.

Phayre, Colonel, 23.

Philadelphia, 139.

Philip, Duke of Anjou, 239.

Philip (the Good) of Burgundy, 107, 110, 158.

Philip, Count of Charolais, 261.

Philip II of France (Philip Augustus), 263, 274.

Philip III of France, 98.

Philip IV of France (the Fair), 19, 51, 146, 188, 219, 232, 242, 264.

Philip II of Spain, 1, 13, 61, 127, 133, 158, 163, 193, 245, 270.

Philip III of Spain, 168.

Philip V of Spain, 90.

Philippines, 8.

Piacenza, 97.

Pichegru, General, 195.

Piedmont, 141, 225, 256.

Piedmont, U.S.A., 154.

Pigott (the Forger), 189.

Pilgrim Fathers, 162.

Pisa, 64, 262.

Pisa, Council of, 144, 226.

Pishin Valley, 103.

Pitcairn Island, 36.

Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham, 37, 53, 190.

Pitt, William, the Younger, 34, 83, 110, 116, 125, 164, 265.

Pius V, Pope, 75, 215.

Pius IX, Pope, 31, 126, 203.

Pizarro, 124.

Pizarro, Gonsalo, 160.

Plava, 67.

Plimsoll, Samuel, 197.

Ploermel, 252.

Plunket, Horace, 128.

Plymouth, 162, 173.

Plymouth, U.S.A., 113, 128.

Podgoritza, 67.

Podolia, 47.

Poissy, Caisse de, 43, 236.

Poitiers, Battle of, 38.

Poitou, 1, 38, 80, 196.

Poland, 22, 41, 47, 59, 62, 75, 147, 149, 161, 182, 184, 185, 197, 217, 224, 238, 248, 251, 253, 271, 278.

Pole, Cardinal, 209.

Pomerania, 27, 201, 277.

Poniatowski, Stanislas Augustus, 22.

Ponthieu, 38.

Poonah, 25, 207.

Porcari, Stefano, 199.

Port Arthur, 233.

Portalis, 58.

Porto Rico, 8, 58, 97.

Portugal, 11, 35, 51, 54, 75, 89, 97, 163, 199, 202, 205, 230, 255, 256.

Posen, 255, 271.

Postma, Mr., 79.

Potemkin, General, 132.

Potchefstroom, 253.

Poyning, Sir Edward, 200.

Prague, 122, 157, 201.

Prague, Treaty of, 131, 176.

Prempeh, 96.

Preston, Battle of, 94.

Prestonpans, Battle of, 98.

Pretoria, 151.

Pretorius, President, 267.

Pride, Colonel, 219.

Priestley, Dr., 30.

Prim, Marshal, 222.

Prince Edward’s Island, 45.

Pritchard, Rev. Mr., 247.

Probyloff Islands, 5, 27.

Provence, 163.

Pruth (River), 41.

Pulteney, William, 190.

Punjaub, 137, 204.

Puritans, 3, 61, 121, 125, 161, 162, 164, 195, 219, 225, 232.

Pusey, Dr., 184.

Puysac, Battle of, 106.

Pyat, Félix, 60.

Pym, John, 15, 95.

_Quarterly Review_, 63.

Quebec, 113.

Queensberry, Lord, 206.

Queensland, 20, 92, 124, 191, 207.

Querini, The, 254.

Quesnay, Dr., 83.

Raghoba, 205, 222, 245.

Rajputs, 159.

Rákóczy, 140, 141, 246.

Raleigh, Sir Walter, 42.

Rammerkins, 49.

Rammohun Roy, 37.

Ranjit Singh, 234, 264.

Rastadt, Treaty of, 267.

Ratisbon, Diet of, 47, 210.

Ravenna, 78.

Raymond, Count of Toulouse, 6, 247.

Red River, 99.

Redmond, John, 189.

Reformation, 9, 15, 16, 19, 38, 50, 74, 77, 78, 83, 98, 105, 115, 116, 119, 121, 126, 127, 150, 153, 157, 161, 167, 190, 212, 214, 215, 235, 250, 259, 268, 275, 279.

Reims, 9.

Reinach, Baron de, 186.

Retz, Cardinal de, 102.

Rhætia, 249.

Rhine (River), 221.

Rhine, Circle of the, 236.

Rhine, Confederation of the, 255.

Rhineland, 163.

Rhode Island, 79, 149, 252, 272.

Rhodes, 158.

Rhodes, Cecil, 131.

Rhodesia, 136.

Ribbing, Count, 11.

Richard I of England, 48, 58, 133.

Richard II of England, 2, 59, 149, 152, 279.

Richard III of England, 28, 94, 117.

Richard, Duke of Normandy, 216.

Richelieu, Cardinal, 37, 53, 82, 86, 217.

Richter, Eugen, 101.

Riel, Louis, 209, 216.

Rienzi, Colas de, 143.

Riet (River), 175.

Riga, 149.

Ritchie, C. T., 149.

River Plate, 196.

Rivera, President, 33.

Rivoli, Battle of, 87.

Robert of Normandy, 43.

Roberts, Lord, 114, 219.

Robespierre, Maximilien, 38, 77, 124, 133, 143, 169, 172, 250, 252, 260.

Robinson, Mrs. Mary, 193, 202.

Robustelli, General, 268.

Rochdale, 66.

Roederer, 58.

Roger of Salisbury, 89.

Rohan, Cardinal de, 76.

Rohillas, 27.

Roland, 185.

Roland, Mme., 54.

Rolf the Ganger, 55.

Romagna, 145.

Rome, 143, 190, 199, 217, 218, 229, 254.

Rome, Church of, 3, 11, 16, 19, 21, 24, 30, 31, 37, 41, 56, 61, 62, 63, 64, 68, 70, 73, 75, 78, 83, 89, 120, 124, 125, 126, 127, 132, 143, 144, 146, 154, 178, 185, 186, 193, 196, 198, 203, 204, 211, 226, 264, 265, 268, 272, 273, 279, 281.

Romney, 54.

Roncesvalles, Battle of, 185.

Rooke, Sir George, 272.

Rosebery, Lord, 147.

Roumania, 28.

Roussillon, 23, 205.

Rudolph I, Emperor, 120.

Rudolph II, Emperor, 19, 157, 202, 261.

Ruel, Treaty of, 102.

Rump, The, 202.

Rupert of Bavaria, 155.

Rupertsland, 121.

Russell, Edward, Earl of Orford, 134.

Russell, Lord John, 57.

Russell, William, Lord, 68, 220.

Rustchuk, 205.

Ruthven, Alexander, 108.

Rye, 54.

Ryssel, 24.

Ryswick, Peace of, 19.

Sadleir, John, 37.

Sadowa, Battle of, 201.

Saez, 134.

Saffi, 218.

St. André, Maréchal de, 261.

St. Bartholomew, Massacre of, 187, 198.

St. Benedict, 27.

St. Bruno, 48.

St. Columba, 277.

St. Cuthbert of Durham, 241.

St. Dominic, 78.

St. Francis d’ Assisi, 98.

St. Francis Xavier, 125.

St. Gall, 144, 231.

St. Just, 172.

St. Kitts, 38.

St. Lucia, 187.

St. Paul’s, 94.

St. Petersburg, 73, 75, 184.

St. Simon, Comte de, 222.

Saintonge, 38, 196.

Salisbury, Cecil, Earl of, 35.

Salisbury, Joan, Countess of, 90.

Salisbury, Marquis of, 180, 232, 269.

Salsette, 205, 245.

Salvador, 50.

Salza, Hermann von, 251.

Samurai, 108, 114, 223.

San Domingo, 25.

San Juan, 275.

Sancho II of Spain, 53.

Sandwich, 54.

Sandys, Sir Thomas, 69.

Sarasvati, Dayânandu, 16.

Sardinia, 160, 188, 198, 262, 271, 272, 279, 281.

Sark (River), 73.

Saskatchewan, 216.

Satsuma, 71.

Savannah, 232.

Savary, General, 158.

Savonarola, 195.

Savoy, 29, 187, 225, 256, 262, 274.

Saxony, 126, 201, 232, 236, 261, 271, 279.

Schaffhausen, 252.

Scheldt (River), 151, 274.

Schleswig Holstein, 104, 151, 201.

Schmalkald, League of, 213.

Schoeman, 267.

Schomburgk, Sir Robert, 227, 268.

Schönbrunn, Treaty of, 202.

Schumla, 205.

Schwyz, 193, 225.

Scott, Dred, 80.

Scottish Acts of Parliament, 55, 87, 164, 214, 229, 265.

Scottish Church, 63, 65, 95, 100, 125, 155, 207, 214, 245.

Scottish Political Parties, 57, 63, 240.

Scribe, Eugene, 52.

Scrooby, 162.

Sebastopol, 188.

Selim, Sultan of Egypt, 159.

Selim I of Turkey, 166.

Selim III of Turkey, 132.

Senecas, 96, 279.

Seoul, 220, 255.

Serrano, Marshal, 76.

Servia, 5, 27, 28, 180, 230, 236.

Seven Bishops, 74.

Seven Years’ War, 187.

Seward, Secretary, 35.

Sforza, Duke of Milan, 119, 149.

Shakers, 169.

Shanghai, 170, 180.

Shannon (River), 230.

Shansi, 247.

Shays, David, 232.

Sherbrooke, Lord, 3.

Sheridan, R. B., 102.

Sheriffmuir, Battle of, 94.

Sherman, General, 232.

Sheyk-ul-Islam, 263.

Shôgun, 8, 14, 71, 102, 115, 145, 164.

Shropshire, 68, 274.

Siam, 10, 99.

Siberia, 73, 172.

Sibi Valley, 103.

Sicily, 109, 152, 155, 189, 190, 225, 233, 271.

Sickingen, Franz von, 175.

Sidney, Algernon, 220.

Sidney, Sir Philip, 96.

Siena, 218.

Sierra Leone, 122.

Siéyès, Abbé, 167.

Sigismund, Emperor, 64, 123, 195.

Sigismund of Poland, 251.

Sikhs, 137, 141, 204.

Sikkim, 172.

Silesia, 5, 38.

Silistria, 3, 205.

Sillery, 23, 167.

Sindhia, 198.

Sixtus IV, Pope, 191.

Slavs, 135.

Slidell, 259.

Smith, Adam, 101.

Smith, Joseph, 168.

Smith, W. H., 179.

Sobat (River), 2, 91.

Sobieski, John, 278.

Socinus, Lælius, 237.

Soleure, 231, 252.

Solferino, Battle of, 272.

Solway Moss, Battle of, 18.

Somers, John, Lord, 134.

Somerset, Edward, Duke of, 214.

Sophia, Electress of Hanover, 231, 244.

Sophia of Russia, 243.

Sorate, 213.

Soudan, 2.

Soudan, French, 91.

Soult, Marshal, 272.

South Africa, 93, 142.

South African Republic, _see_ Transvaal.

South America, 19, 41, 86, 103, 125, 126, 147, 165, 177, 185, 213.

South Australia, 20, 92.

South Carolina, 177, 185, 228, 242, 252.

Spain, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 13, 16, 19, 21, 23, 25, 28, 44, 47, 53, 67, 75, 88, 90, 93, 102, 103, 109, 117, 119, 126, 127, 130, 132, 134, 140, 150, 160, 167, 168, 174, 187, 189, 198, 205, 220, 222, 223, 225, 232, 234, 239, 256, 261, 267, 269, 270, 271, 272.

Spencer, Earl, 165.

Spencer, Henry, Bishop of Norwich, 94.

Spithead, 176.

Stambuloff, 6.

Stamford, 95.

Stamford, Statute of, 205.

Stanton, Secretary, 250.

Stanislas Augustus of Poland, 22, 248.

Stanislas Leszczynski, 197.

Stauffacher of Schwyz, 111.

Steele, Sir Richard, 139.

Stein, Freiherr von, 85.

Stellenbosch, 116, 142.

Stephen of England, 275.

Stephen, Sir George, 142.

Stephens, James, 92.

Stettin, 277.

Stevens, Uriah S., 139.

Stockholm, 33.

Stork, 1.

Strafford, Earl of, 253.

Strasburg, 36, 99, 221.

Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury, 192.

Strode, William, 95.

Strogonof, 261.

Stuart, Charles Edward, 98, 219, 280.

Stuart, Henry, Cardinal York, 143.

Stuart, James Edward, 19, 179.

Suabia, 19, 116, 144, 191, 236.

Sujah-ul-Mulk, Shah, 234.

Sully, Duc de, 145.

Sulu Islands, 8.

Sungari (River), 140.

Sunni, 233.

Surabjah Dowlah, 31.

Surat, 25.

Surat, Treaty of, 205.

Surinam, 38.

Sutlej (River), 264.

Suwarrow, General, 132.

Sweden, 1, 4, 11, 17, 19, 24, 27, 33, 40, 100, 109, 114, 115, 116, 137, 143, 151, 163, 171, 177, 217, 232, 242, 252, 255, 260, 265, 276, 277.

Swift, Dean, 279.

Switzerland, 14, 25, 46, 50, 75, 84, 92, 106, 107, 108, 111, 117, 126, 142, 144, 146, 152, 162, 187, 193, 194, 210, 222, 225, 229, 231, 249, 252, 270.

Syria, 134.

Szatmar, Peace of, 208.

Sze-chuang, 10.

Szell, M., 20.

Taepings, 89.

Taganrog, 140.

Tahiti, 36.

Tamerlane, 94.

Tandy, Napper, 171.

Tarapaca, 9.

Tarras, Earl of, 132.

Tartars, 107.

Tasmania, 20, 92.

Taylor, General Zachary, 179.

Tekes Valley, 140.

Tel-el-Kebir, Battle of, 13.

Tenby, 192.

Tennasserim, 280.

Tenno, 164, 233.

Teschen, Peace of, 103.

Tetzel, 126.

Texas, 61, 112, 151, 175.

Theiss (River), 122.

Thibet, 71, 76, 250.

Thiers, A., 99.

Thistlewood, Arthur, 49.

Thomas, Duke of Genoa, 222.

Thomond, 34.

Thorfinn Karlsefne, 8.

Thorn, 197.

Thurgau, 231.

Tichborne Case, 55.

Ticino, 130.

Tientsin, Treaty of, 192.

Tiflis, 118.

Tilly, General, 153, 156.

_Times, The_, 189, 228.

Tipperary, 173.

Tippu Sahib, 159, 230, 260, 261.

Tobago, 270.

Toggenburg, Counts of, 249.

Tököli, 34, 140, 141.

Toledo, Francisco de, 147.

Tolentino, Treaty of, 21, 145.

Tone, Wolfe, 174, 266.

Tongking, 31, 99.

Tornea (River), 100.

Tortona, 271.

Toulouse, 6.

Touran Shah, 113.

Touraine, 38.

Tournay, 4, 24.

Townsend (Bow Street Runner), 36.

Transvaal, 2, 13, 42, 47, 77, 79. 80, 111, 131, 136, 151, 157, 167, 173, 200, 202, 218, 224, 245, 246, 253, 259, 267, 273.

Trent, Council of, 203.

Tresham, 112.

Trevelyan, Sir George, 219.

Treves, 228.

Trieste, 130.

Trinidad, 9.

Tripoli, 11.

Trivulzio, Marshal, 106.

Tronchet, 58.

Tsung-li-Yamen, 274.

Tugela (River), 171.

Tuileries, 60, 250.

Tunis, 23.

Turcomans, 278.

Turenne, Marshal, 205.

Turgot, 83, 236.

Turkey, 3, 5, 14, 21, 24, 27, 28, 41, 47, 64, 67, 71, 72, 115, 145, 151, 170, 174, 187, 190, 209, 218, 230, 234, 235, 246, 255, 263, 266, 271, 275, 280.

Turriff, Trott of, 261.

Tuscany, 88, 90, 97, 154, 181, 232, 271, 272.

Tuscaroras, 236.

Tutuila, 223.

Tweed, W. M., 262.

Tweeddale, Marquis of, 240.

Tycoon, 233.

Tyler, Wat, 198.

Tynan, 128.

Tyrconel, Earl of, 263.

Tyrol, 130, 271.

Tyrone, 263.

Uganda, 2.

Ukraine, 41, 47.

Ulrich of Würtemburg, 43, 262.

Ulster, 34, 73, 82, 177, 181, 191, 263, 264.

Umzimvubu (River), 171.

Underhill, Edward, 121.

United States, Civil War, 66, 114, 115, 130, 231, 243.

United States Congress, 6, 32, 61, 85, 97, 102, 136, 171, 181, 198, 211, 234, 250, 278.

United States, Political Parties, 2, 5, 47, 56, 66, 88, 91, 92, 94, 101, 113, 115, 134, 147, 149, 170, 177, 179, 199, 214, 238, 240, 248.

United States, War of Independence, 69, 74, 126, 179, 236.

Unterwalden, 193, 225.

Urban II, Pope, 23, 48, 56.

Urban VII, 124.

Urbino, Duke of, 10.

Uri, 193, 225.

Uruguay, 22, 33, 196, 259, 261.

Ushant, 107.

Usher, Bishop, 30.

Usibepu, 173.

Ussuri (River), 4.

Utah, 84, 168, 169.

Utrecht, 266.

Utrecht, Treaty of, 24, 99, 101, 261.

Utrecht, Union of, 266.

Vaal (River), 81, 174, 259.

Valais, 225.

Valencia, 21, 105.

Valtelline, 167.

Van Tromp, Admiral, 121.

Vancouver, 182, 223.

Vane, Sir Harry, 125.

Varas, Secretary, 168.

Varna, 3, 205.

Vatican, 29.

Vatican Council, 186.

Vaud, Pays de, 146, 256, 274.

Vehmgericht, 178.

Vendée, 53, 177.

Venezuela, 147, 180, 227.

Venice, 3, 34, 39, 44, 45, 47, 64, 90, 107, 119, 130, 149, 150, 174, 190, 201, 202, 206, 218, 230, 249, 254, 269.

Verden, Duchy of, 242.

Vermont, 111.

Verona, 205.

Versailles, 99, 105, 126, 178, 187.

Versailles, Treaty of, 191.

Victor II, Pope, 226.

Victor Emmanuel of Italy, 12, 130, 208, 225, 226, 229, 262, 272.

Victoria, 20, 22, 32, 85, 89, 92, 100, 133, 142.

Victoria, Queen, 26, 184.

Vienna, 2, 70, 255.

Vienna Congress, 92, 105, 152.

Vienna, Treaty of, 198, 232.

Viglius, 65.

Vikings, 8, 28, 221.

Villeroy, 23.

Villiers, Charles, 12.

Vimiera, Battle of, 54.

Vinegar Hill, Battle of, 175.

Virginia, 21, 35, 42, 89, 109, 126, 150, 161, 169, 178, 179, 252.

Vogel, Sir Julius, 173.

Voltaire, Arouet de, 5, 87, 224, 229.

Vryheid, 173.

Wade, Sir Thomas, 52, 97.

Wagga Wagga, 55.

Wagram, Battle of, 271.

Waibling, 112.

Walcheren, 49.

Waldemar I of Denmark, 82.

Waldemar II of Denmark, 72, 135.

Waldemar III of Denmark, 274.

Waldo, Peter, 274.

Wales, 110, 208, 215, 255.

Walfisch Bay, 10.

Wallace, Sir William, 114.

Wallachia, 3, 5, 27, 121, 140, 246, 273, 275.

Wallenstein, General, 153.

Waller, Sir William, 229.

Walpole, Horace, 139, 264.

Walpole, Sir Robert, 109, 190.

Walsh, Peter, 12, 213.

Waltheof, Earl of Nottingham, 39.

Wampanoags, 138.

Warbeck, Perkyn, 110.

Ward, Nathaniel, 34.

Wardha (River), 75.

Warren, Sir Charles, 168, 257.

Warsaw, 238, 255.

Warwick, John Dudley, Earl of, 137.

Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of, 138, 143.

Washington, 45.

Washington, George, 43, 53, 89, 91, 279.

Waterboer, 136.

Waterloo, Battle of, 225.

Waters, Lucy, 31.

_Wealth of Nations_, 101.

Wedmore, Treaty of, 72.

Weinsberg, 112.

Weisshaupt, Adam, 123.

Wekerle, Dr., 54.

Welf, 112.

Wellesley, Marquis of, 28, 244.

Wellington, Duke of, 54, 129, 225, 256, 278.

Wellington, New Zealand, 173.

Wells, Sir Thomas, 152.

Wenama (River), 269.

Wenceslaus of Luxembourg, 133.

Wentworth, Lord, 48, 118, 176.

Wessex, 276.

West, Rev. John, 20.

West Africa, 118.

West Indies, 152, 175.

West Virginia, 169.

Western Australia, 20, 92, 120.

Westminster Abbey, 67.

Westminster, Statute of, 240.

Westphalia, 178, 236, 255, 268.

Westphalia, League of, 204.

Westphalia, Treaty of, 252.

Wetherell, Sir Charles, 39.

Weyler, General, 209.

Wharton, Thomas, Marquis of, 134.

Whitgift, Archbishop, 141.

Wilkes, John, 177.

William I of England, 39, 52, 70, 71, 78, 82, 87, 188, 193, 273.

William II of England, 43.

William III of England, 16, 18, 29, 55, 57, 66, 72, 74, 77, 118, 148, 149, 171, 175, 176, 179, 192, 203, 209, 211, 220, 256.

William IV of England, 234.

William I of Germany, 105.

William, Prince, of England, 32.

William of Orange, 12, 115, 234, 245, 278.

William of Salisbury, 152.

William (the Lyon) of Scotland, 90.

William of Wykeham, 108.

Williams (the Chartist), 51.

Wilmot, Commissary General, 15.

Wilmot, David, 278.

Winburg, 174.

Winchester, Statute of, 257.

Winchilsea, 54.

Windham, William, 165.

Windischgrätz, General, 201.

Windthorst, Dr., 50, 264.

Winter, Thomas, 112.

Wisconsin, 21.

Wiseman, Cardinal, 175.

Wolfe, Sir H. Drummond, 98.

Wolseley, Viscount, 209.

Worcestershire, 104, 274.

Würtemberg, 105, 202, 215, 244.

Wycliffe, John, 150.

Wycliffites, 82.

Wyoming Valley, 279.

Yakoub Beg, 19.

Yap, 47.

Yarkand, 140.

Yoens, Jan, 51.

Yokohama, 8.

Young, Brigham, 168.

Yunnan, 10, 186.

Zankoff, 6.

Zanzibar, 10.

Zaragoza, Agostina, 156.

Zeeland, 79, 105, 245, 266.

Zemindari, 193, 220.

Zisca, John, 16, 44, 123, 246.

Zittau, 236.

Zola, Emile, 80.

Zoroaster, 189.

Zug, 84.

Zululand, 171.

Zurich, 46, 53, 84, 231.

Zurich, Diet of, 92, 152.

Zurich, Treaty of, 130.

Zwingli, 46, 116, 181.

Zwinglists, 213.