Chapter XXVI: How Verse Can Resemble Prose (3)

=παιάν.= =184= 3, =260= 23, =262= 9. _Paeon._ Lat. _paeon_. The
metrical foot so called, consisting of three short syllables
and one long in four possible orders—(1) –ᴗᴗᴗ, (2) ᴗ–ᴗᴗ, (3)
ᴗᴗ–ᴗ, (4) ᴗᴗᴗ–. These four varieties are sometimes called the
_first_, _second_, _third_, and _fourth_ paeon respectively.
Cp. Aristot. _Rhet._ iii. 8. 4-6, Cic. _de Orat._ iii. 47.
183, Quintil. ix. 4. 47; and see Demetr. p. 296, s.v. παιών.
Demetrius (§§ 38, 39) refers to two varieties only: cp. the
note on =182= 22 _supra_.

=παιδεία.= =64= 11, =262= 20. _Culture._ Lat. _doctrina_, _humanitas_.

=πανηγυρικός.= =228= 7, =246= 7. _Festal_, _panegyrical_. Lat.
_panegyricus_. With the notion of _ornate_: cp. _de Demosth._
c. 8 (διάλεκτον) μεγαλοπρεπῆ λιτήν, περιττὴν ἀπέριττον,
ἐξηλλαγμένην συνήθη, πανηγυρικὴν ἀληθινήν, αὐστηρὰν ἱλαράν,
σύντονον ἀνειμένην, ἡδεῖαν πικράν, ἠθικὴν παθητικήν.

=παραβολή.= =232= 15. _Meeting_, _juxtaposition_. Lat. _concursus_.

=παράγγελμα.= =270= 3, =282= 2, 7. _Rule_, _precept_. Lat. _artis
praeceptum_. Cp. Long. _de Subl._ c. 2 τεχνικὰ παραγγέλματα,
c. 6 ὡς εἰπεῖν ἐν παραγγέλματι (‘if I must speak in the way of
precept’). So =παραγγέλλειν= =132= 16, =268= 11 (cp. _de Lysia_
c. 24 ταῦτα μὲν δὴ παραγγέλλουσι ποιεῖν οἱ τεχνογράφοι), and
=παραγγελματικός= =214= 9 (= _plenus praeceptis_, _doctrinis_,
_regulis_).

=παράδειγμα.= =92= 5, =136= 2, =152= 3, =214= 6, =232= 23, =240= 24,
etc. _Instance._ Lat. _exemplum_. τὰ παραδείγματα is often used
of appropriate (perhaps customary, or stock) examples: cp. _de
Isocr._ cc. 10, 15, _de Demosth._ cc. 13 (middle), 53, and
contrast _de Lysia_ c. 34 and _de Demosth._ cc. 13 (end), 20.

=παραδιώκειν.= =206= 13. _To hurry along._ Lat. _abripere_. Cp. the
use of συνδεδιωγμένον in Long. _de Subl._ c. 21, and of
κατεσπευσμένα c. 19 _ibid._—Usener adopts, in this passage, his
own conjecture παραμεμιγμένας.

=παράθεσις.= =130= 25, =154= 11, =166= 9, etc. _Placing._ Lat.
_collocatio_.

=παρακεκινδυνευμένος.= =234= 16. _Daring_, _bold_, _venturesome_. Lat.
_audax_ (as in Hor. _Carm._ iv. 2. 10). Fr. _aventuré_. Cp.
Aristoph. _Ran._ 99 τοιουτονί τι παρακεκινδυνευμένον, | αἰθέρα
Διὸς δωμάτιον, ἢ χρόνου πόδα: and see s.v. ἐπικίνδυνος p. 299
_supra_. The word is used also in _de Lys._ c. 13, _de Isocr._
c. 13, _Ep. ad Pomp._ c. 2.

=παρακολουθεῖν.= =108= 6, =130= 26, =136= 12. _To accompany._ Lat.
_accidere_, _consequi_.

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=παραλαμβάνειν.= =144= 14, =172= 12, =260= 2, =264= 14. _To introduce_,
_to employ_. Lat. _assumere_, _adhibere_.

=παραλλαγή.= =152= 8, 15, 22. _Divergence._ Lat. _discrimen_,
_permutatio_.

=παραπλήρωμα.= =116= 3, =166= 17. _Supplement_, _expletive_. Lat.
_explementum_, _complementum_. Cp. Cic. _Or._ 69. 230 “apud
alios autem et Asiaticos maxime numero servientes inculcata
reperias inania quaedam verba quasi complementa numerorum”; and
also Demetr. p. 296, s.v. παραπληρωματικός. The word occurs
elsewhere in Dionysius: _de Isocr._ c. 3, _de Demosth._ cc. 19,
39.

=παρατιθέναι.= =104= 1. _To bring forward_, _to cite_. Lat. _apponere_,
_in medium adducere_.

=παραυξάνειν (παραύξειν).= =128= 19, =152= 18. _To lengthen_, _to
augment_. Lat. _augere_.

=παρέκτασις.= =154= 21. _Prolongation._ Lat. _extensio_.

=παρεμφαίνειν.= =108= 5. _To hint at_, _to indicate_. Lat. _obiter
indicare_. Cp. Demetr. p. 297.

=παρεμφατικός.= =102= 20. _Indicative._ Lat. _indicativus_. Cp.
ἀπαρέμφατος p. 289 _supra_.

=παρέργως.= =100= 25. _By the way_, _cursorily_. Lat. _obiter_.

=παρθενωπός.= =234= 15. _Of maiden aspect._ Lat. _qui virgineo vultu
est_. The word seems to occur elsewhere only in Eurip. _El._
948 ἀλλ’ ἔμοιγ’ εἴη πόσις | μὴ παρθενωπός, ἀλλὰ τἀνδρείου
τρόπου [Gilbert Murray: “Ah, that girl-like face! | God grant
not that, not that, but some plain grace | Of manhood to the
man who brings me love”]. Cp. Cic. _Orat._ 19. 64 “nihil iratum
habet [oratio philosophorum], nihil invidum, nihil atrox, nihil
miserabile, nihil astutum; casta, verecunda, _virgo incorrupta_
quodam modo.”

=πάρισος.= =116= 8, =212= 7, =246= 6. _Parallel in structure._ Lat.
_qui constat similibus membris_. Cp. Aristot. _Rhet._ iii. 9.
9 παρίσωσις δ’ ἐὰν ἴσα τὰ κῶλα, παρομοίωσις δ’ ἐὰν ὅμοια τὰ
ἔσχατα ἔχῃ ἑκάτερον τὸ κῶλον (where ὅμοια τὰ ἔσχατα indicates
final letters that rhyme).

=παριστάναι.= =154= 19. _To represent_, _to describe_. Lat.
_depingere_. Cp. Long. p. 282.

=παρόμοιος.= =212= 8, =246= 6. _Parallel in sound._ Lat. _qui constat
similibus sonis_.

=παχύτης.= =184= 21. _Stupidity_, _fat-headedness_. Lat. _stupor_,
_ingenium crassum_. Cp. D.H. p. 200, s.v. παχύς.

=πεζός.= =70= 3, =76= 2, =80= 3, =108= 11, etc. _In prose_, _prosaic_.
Lat. _pedester_. πεζὴ λέξις, πεζὴ διάλεκτος, πεζὸς λόγος, πεζοὶ
λόγοι = _oratio soluta_. Cp. Quintil. x. 1. 81 “multum enim
supra prosam orationem et quam pedestrem Graeci vocant surgit
[Plato].” In =120= 27 the metaphor seems still to be strongly
felt—‘marching on foot,’ ‘pedestrian.’

=πειθώ.= =84= 11. _Persuasiveness._ Lat. _persuadendi vis_.

=πεῖρα.= =66= 14, =102= 21, =256= 5, etc. _Experience._ Lat.
_experientia_.

=πεντάμετρος.= =256= 23. _Consisting of five metrical feet._ Lat.
_pentameter_.

=πεντάχρονος.= =262= 9. _Consisting of five times._ Lat. _qui constat
temporibus quinque_. See s.v. χρόνοι p. 333 _infra_.

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=πεποιημένος.= =78= 17, =252= 24. _Invented_, _original_,
_newly-coined_. Lat. _factus_, _novatus_ (Cic. _de Orat._ iii.
38. 154; i. 34. 155). Fr. _forgé tout exprès_. Cp. Aristot.
_Poet._ xxi. 9; Demetr. p. 297; Quintil. viii. 6. 32 “vix
illa, quae πεποιημένα vocant, quae ex vocibus in usum receptis
quocunque modo declinantur, nobis permittimus, qualia sunt
_Sullaturit_ et _proscripturit_.”

=περιβόητος.= =180= 7. _Notorious_, _celebrated_. Lat. _decantatus_,
_celebratus_.

=περίοδος.= =72= 7, 10, =104= 10, =116= 2, etc. _Period._ Lat.
_periodus_, _comprehensio_, _verborum ambitus_, etc. See
Demetr. p. 298 for various references and equivalents, and also
p. 323 (Index); Sandys’ _Orator_ p. 217; Laurand’s _Études_
pp. 126, 128.—According to Dionysius, the period should not be
used to excess [see n. on =118= 15]. Another weakness of the
periodic construction is elsewhere noted by him: τοῦτο δὲ [sc.
τὸ παθητικὸν] ἥκιστα δέχεται περίοδος (_de Isocr._ c. 2).

=περισπασμός.= =128= 10. _The circumflex accent._ Lat. _circumflexio_,
_accentus circumflexus_. Cp. =περισπωμένας= =126= 11: ‘drawn
around,’ ‘twisted,’ ‘circumflexed.’ Aristotle denotes the
circumflex accent by the term ‘middle’: ἔστιν δὲ αὐτὴ μὲν ἐν τῇ
φωνῇ, πῶς αὐτῇ δεῖ χρῆσθαι πρὸς ἕκαστον πάθος, οἷον πότε μεγάλῃ
καὶ πότε μικρᾷ καὶ μέσῃ, καὶ πῶς τοῖς τόνοις, οἷον ὀξείᾳ καὶ
βαρείᾳ καὶ μέσῃ, καὶ ῥυθμοῖς τίσι πρὸς ἕκαστα (Aristot. _Rhet._
iii. 1. 4).

=περιστέλλειν.= =142= 16. _To contract_, _to pucker up_. Lat.
_contrahere_.

=περιττός.= =74= 13, =84= 8, =182= 4, 7. _Extraordinary_, _richly
wrought_; _exceedingly good_, _unsurpassed_. Lat. _excellens_,
_curiosus_, _elaboratus_. Cp. Long. _de Subl._ xl. 2 (where the
word is opposed to κοινὸς καὶ δημώδης), iii. 4, xxxv. 3. See
also _de Isocr._ c. 3, _de Demosth._ cc. 8, 56, _Ep. ad Pomp._
c. 2 (περιττολογία): also Demetr. p. 298 (περισσοτεχνία).

=περιφανής.= =244= 18. _Seen on every side._ Lat. _conspicuus_. So
=περιφάνεια= =210= 17, =234= 2 (‘so that each word should admit
an all-round view of it’).—PMV give περιφανές (not περιφερές)
in =246= 3.

=περιφερής.= =206= 15, =230= 31, =246= 3. _Circular_, _rounded_. Lat.
_rotundus_. Cp. [Dionys. Hal.] _Ars Rhet._ x. 13 τὰ στρογγύλα
καὶ τὰ περιφερῆ λέγειν προοίμια. In Demetr. _de Eloc._ § 13
περιφερεῖς στέγαι = _vaulted roofs_.

=πεφυκέναι= (c. infin.). =66= 16, =70= 3, =104= 16, etc. _To have a
gift for_, _a liking for_. Lat. _solere_, _amare_.

=πεφυλαγμένως.= =148= 1. _Guardedly._ Lat. _caute_. The word is used in
the Attic period by Xenophon and Isocrates.

=πιέζειν.= =144= 21, =148= 16, =220= 18, =230= 12. _To close tight_,
_to compress_. Lat. _comprimere_.

=πιθανός.= =98= 17, 20, =100= 17, =120= 21. _Attractive_, _plausible_.
Lat. _probabilis_, _verisimilis_.

=πικρός.= =232= 15. _Bitter_, _harsh_. Lat. _acerbus_. So =πικραίνειν=
=130= 19, =154= 13, =216= 17.

=πίνος.= =120= 23, =136= 16, =212= 24, =236= 8. _Mellowing deposit_,
_tinge of antiquity_, _flavour of archaism_. Lat. _antiquitas_,
_antiquitas impexa_ (Tac. _Dial._ c. 20), _nitor obsoletus_
(_Auct. ad Her._ iv. 4. 46). There is a suggestion of
_négligé_ or _abandon_ about the word, but on the whole it
is not uncomplimentary: cp. _Ep. ad Pomp._ c. 2 ὅ τε πίνος ὁ
τῆς ἀρχαιότητος ἠρέμα αὐτῇ καὶ λεληθότως ἐπιτρέχει, and _de
Demosth._ c. 38 ἀλλ’ [ἵνα] ἐπανθῇ τις αὐταῖς χνοῦς ἀρχαιοπινὴς
καὶ χάρις ἀβίαστος. The compound εὐπίνεια is found in Long.
_de Subl._ xxx. 1. There is a scholium (preserved in M) on
=120= 23, which is, unfortunately, vague and uncertain: =πῖνος=
κυρίως ὁ ῥύπος, ἀφ’ οὗ πιναρὰ ῥάκη. λέγεται δὲ καὶ τὸ ἐπανθοῦν
τισὶ χνοῶδες ὡς ἐπὶ μήλων καὶ ἀπίων. ἀπὸ τούτου καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ
λόγου τὸ ἐπιφαινόμενον αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ συνθήκῃ τῆς λέξεως ποιὸν
πίνον ὀνομάζει. ἔστι δὲ πῖνος καὶ ὄνομα τόπου.

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=πλάγιος.= =106= 20. _Oblique._ Lat. _obliquus_ (_casus_).

=πλανᾶσθαι.= =254= 16, =270= 18. _To wander_, _to be irregular_.
Lat. _vagari_. Used in reference to vague, elastic metre. So
περιπεπλανημένα μέτρα in _de Demosth._ c. 50.

=πλάσμα.= =90= 6, =118= 24. _Cast_, _form_. Lat. _imago_, _forma
dicendi_. Cp. _Ep. ad Pomp._ c. 4 ὕψος δὲ καὶ κάλλος καὶ
μεγαλοπρέπειαν καὶ τὸ λεγόμενον ἰδίως πλάσμα ἱστορικὸν Ἡρόδοτος
ἔχει (viz. “elevation, beauty, stateliness, and what is
specifically called the ‘historical vein’”); Long. _de Subl._
xv. 8 ποιητικὸν τοῦ λόγου καὶ μυθῶδες τὸ πλάσμα (the ‘form’).
In _de Demosth._ c. 34 πλάσμα seems to have the same meaning
as χαρακτῆρ in c. 33 _ibid._ [The musical meaning of _moulded
delivery_, _modulation_ does not emerge in the _C.V._]

=πλάστης.= =264= 2. _Modeller, in clay or wax._ Lat. _fictor_.

=πλάτος.= =210= 9, =212= 1, =246= 19. _Breadth._ Lat. _latitudo_. So
=πλατύς= =244= 18. In =210= 9 the meaning is, ‘belongs to the
class of ideas which are regarded with a wide indefiniteness.’
So in Latin _platice_ = πλατικῶς = ‘broadly,’ ‘generally’: cp.
Usener _Rhein. Mus._ xxiv. 311. See also under ἀπαρτίζειν, p.
289 _supra_.

=πλεονάζειν.= =146= 13, =214= 12. _To exceed due bounds._ Lat.
_redundare_. So =πλεονασμός=, _redundantia_, =110= 15.

=πληγή.= =142= 4, 16, =144= 5. _Stroke_, _impact_. Lat. _ictus_,
_percussio_.

=πληθυντικῶς.= =106= 18. _In the plural number._ Lat. _pluraliter_.

=πλοκή.= =72= 5, =130= 22, =166= 9. _Combination._ Lat. _copulatio_.

=πλούσιος.= =92= 18. _Rich._ Lat. _opulentus_. The word is contrasted
with =πτωχός= (=92= 17), _beggarly_, _mendicus_: for which cp.
the expression τῇ λέξει πτωχεύειν in the passage quoted, from
Chrysostom, under ἀπαγγελία p. 288 _supra_.

=πνίγειν.= =142= 18. _To stifle_, _to smother_. Lat. _suffocare_.

=ποίημα.= =76= 10, =78= 5, =100= 23, =154= 2, =166= 4, =192= 8, =250=
10, 16, =254= 4, 7, =272= 14. _Poem_; _line of a poem_ (in this
sense, more commonly στίχος or ἔπος). Lat. _poëma_, _versus_.
So =ποιεῖν= =208= 9, ‘to write poetry,’ and =ποιητής= =74= 8
(but in =214= 16 ποιηταί means ‘writers’ generally: cp. _de
Demosth._ c. 37 παρ’ οὐδενὶ οὔτε ἐμμέτρων οὔτε πεζῶν ποιητῇ
λόγων). ποίημα sometimes refers specially to epic and dramatic
poetry (in contrast to song-poetry). In =64= 10 the meaning is
‘product’ simply. For ‘poetry’ =ποίησις= is found: =214= 1, 2,
=252= 24, =270= 21, =274= 7, =276= 10.

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=ποιητικός.= =70= 2, 4, =108= 11, =206= 20, =208= 8, 19, =252= 20, 23,
29, etc. _Poetical._ Lat. _poëticus_. In =136= 11 the meaning
is ‘productive of.’

=ποικιλία.= =130= 13, =192= 18, =196= 17, 25, =198= 5. _Variety_,
_decoration_. Lat. _varietas_. So =ποικίλλειν= =132= 13, =192=
20, =196= 9; and =ποικίλος= =110= 11, =154= 19, =160= 10, etc.
ποικίλος may be rendered by such adjectives as ‘elaborate,’
‘curious,’ ‘laborious,’ ‘multifarious,’ ‘kaleidoscopic,’
‘ever-varying.’

=πολιτικός.= =64= 15, =72= 17, =124= 21, =130= 10, =214= 1, 5, =254=
25, =266= 7, =272= 20. _Civil_, _parliamentary_, _political_,
_public_. Lat. _civilis_. See D.H. p. 203 for an explanatory
note on πολιτικός. In =72= 17, P has ῥητορικοῖς ἀνδράσι, which
is an unlikely periphrasis for ῥήτορσι (=104= 8), but may well
indicate the _general meaning_ of πολιτικοῖς ἀνδράσι: cp.
_de Demosth._ c. 23 ταῦτα δὲ πολιτικοῖς καὶ ῥήτορσιν ἀνδράσι
μελήσει. Compare generally, in Aristot. _Poet._ c. vi., the
words τῆς πολιτικῆς καὶ ῥητορικῆς ἔργον ἐστίν, and οἱ μὲν γὰρ
ἀρχαῖοι πολιτικῶς ἐποίουν λέγοντας, οἱ δὲ νῦν ῥητορικῶς.

=πολύμετρος.= =272= 5. _Of many measures or metres._ Lat. _qui multis
constat metris_.

=πολύμορφος.= =160= 12. _Of many forms._ Lat. _multiformis_. Cp.
=πολυειδής= =196= 25, =πολυειδῶς= =270= 11.

=πολυπραγμονεῖν.= =264= 6. _To bother about._ Lat. _summa cura
elaborare_.

=πολυσύλλαβος.= =126= 14, =132= 5. _With many syllables._ Lat. _qui
syllabis pluribus constat_.

=πολύφωνος.= =160= 23. _Of many voices._ Lat. _qui multas voces
emittit_. Used of the variety of tones in Homer’s
‘composition.’ In the _de Sublim._ c. xxxiv. the term is
applied to Hypereides, who οὐ πάντα ἑξῆς καὶ μονοτόνως [i.e. at
one sustained high pitch] ὡς ὁ Δημοσθένης λέγει.

=πούς.= =86= 1, =168= 12, =172= 20, =174= 22, 24, =178= 7, =184=
1, =256= 9, 12, =258= 19, =260= 3. _Metrical foot._ Lat.
_pes_. τὸ δ’ αὐτὸ καλῶ πόδα καὶ ῥυθμόν =168= 11. Aristoxenus,
Ῥυθμικὰ στοιχεῖα ii. 16, writes: ᾧ σημαινόμεθα τὸν ῥυθμὸν καὶ
γνώριμον ποιοῦμεν τῇ αἰσθήσει, πούς ἐστιν εἷς ἢ πλείους. Cope
(_Introduction to Aristotle’s Rhetoric_ p. 383) thinks that
Dionysius neglects the important distinction between βάσις,
the unit of rhythm, and πούς, the unit of metre. Goodell
(_Greek Metric_ p. 47) thus paraphrases a passage of Marius
Victorinus (p. 44 K.): “Between foot and ‘rhythmus’ there is
this difference, that a foot cannot exist without rhythm, but
a ‘rhythmus’ moves rhythmically without being divisible into
feet.” [It is this kind of ‘rhythmus’ that counts in rhythmical
prose.]

=πραγματεία.= =68= 8, 14, 17, =70= 8, etc. _Inquiry_, _treatise_,
_work_. Lat. _studium_, _commentatio_, _opus_. So
=πραγματεύεσθαι= =106= 5, 10, =140= 22, =268= 7.

=πραγματικός.= =66= 6. _Pertaining to subject matter or invention._
Lat. _negotialis_. Cp. Quintil. iii. 7. 1 “a parte negotiali,
hoc est πραγματικῇ.” The πραγματικὸς τόπος (“tractatio rerum
et sententiarum”) covers subject matter, things, thoughts; the
λεκτικὸς τόπος includes expression, form, style.

=πραΰς.= =162= 5, =244= 21. _Gentle._ Lat. _lenis_. Cp. Demetr. p. 299.

=πρέπον, τό.= =120= 19, =122= 13, =124= 11, =136= 12, =198= 13, 14.
_Propriety_, _appropriateness_, _fitness_. Lat. _decorum_. Fr.
_la convenance_. Cp. Cic. _Orat._ 21. 70 “ut enim in vita, sic
in oratione nihil est difficilius quam quid deceat videre.
πρέπον appellant hoc Graeci; nos dicamus sane decorum; de
quo praeclare et multa praecipiuntur et res est cognitione
dignissima: huius ignoratione non modo in vita, sed saepissime
et in poëmatis et in oratione peccatur.” The Greek rhetoricians
drew the term from the language of ethics. Aristot. _Rhet._
iii. 7. 1 τὸ δὲ πρέπον ἕξει ἡ λέξις, ἐὰν ᾖ παθητική τε καὶ
ἠθικὴ καὶ τοῖς ὑποκειμένοις πράγμασιν ἀνάλογον. So =πρεπώδης=
=106= 17.

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=πριάπειος.= =86= 8. _Priapean_: as a metrical term. Lat. _Priapeius_.
Effeminate and ribald verse, written in honour of Priapus, and
involving a mutilation of the heroic line.

=προέκθεσις.= =242= 2. _A prefatory account._ Lat. _expositio antea
data_.

=πρόθεσις.= =70= 21, =108= 16, =220= 6. _Preposition._ Lat.
_praepositio_.

=πρόνοια.= =184= 16, =186= 1. _Deliberation._ Lat. _consilium_.

=προοίμιον.= =224= 24, =252= 3. _Introduction._ Lat. _exordium_.

=προπετής.= =244= 22. _Flowing._ Lat. _volubilis_, _profluens_.

=προσαγόρευσις.= =260= 22. _Address._ Lat. _allocutio_, _compellatio_.

=προσερανίζειν.= =116= 4. _To augment._ Lat. _cumulare_. The period in
question has been aided (so to say) by the alms of expletives.
For the metaphor cp. συνερανιζόμενα _de Isocr._ c. 3 and ἔρανον
_de Imitat._ B. vi. 2.

=προσερείδειν.= =148= 22. _To drive against._ Lat. _impingere_,
_allidere_. In =220= 24 προσανίστασθαι is similarly used of
‘rising against.’

=προσεχής.= =84= 6. _Obvious_, _natural_, _allied_, _appropriate_. Lat.
_proximus_, _cognatus_ (_cum re coniunctus_). In =258= 24 the
sense is ‘adjoining.’

=προσηγορικός.= =70= 17, =102= 17, 18, =218= 6, 11, =220= 7, 16,
=222= 24, =230= 1. _Appellative._ Lat. _appellativus_. ὄνομα
προσηγορικόν = _common noun_, Lat. _nomen appellativum_.
It would appear from Dionysius Thrax (_Ars Grammatica_ p.
23 Uhlig) that ὄνομα might include προσηγορία (= ὄνομα
προσηγορικόν), while προσηγορία could cover participles
(μετοχαί) and adjectives (ἐπίθετα) as well as common nouns.
But the strict division is that of proper names and general
terms, as given by Dionysius Thrax (_ibid._ pp. 33, 34): κύριον
μὲν οὖν ἐστι τὸ τὴν ἰδίαν οὐσίαν, σημαῖνον, οἷον =Ὅμηρος=,
=Σωκράτης=. προσηγορικὸν δέ ἐστι τὸ τὴν κοινὴν οὐσίαν σημαῖνον,
οἷον =ἄνθρωπος=, =ἵππος=. In such passages as =222= 24 and
=230= 1 ‘adjective’ would be an appropriate modern rendering.
Quintil. i. 4. 21 “_vocabulum_ an _appellatio_ dicenda sit
προσηγορία et subicienda nomini necne, quia parvi refert,
liberum opinaturis relinquo.” In =272= 25 =προσηγορία= =
_appellation._

=προσίστασθαι.= =132= 8. _To offend._ Lat. _obstrepere_. Cp. _de
Isocr._ c. 2 προσιστάμενος ταῖς ἀκοαῖς, c. 14 _ibid._ τῷ γὰρ
μὴ ἐν καιρῷ γίνεσθαι, μηδ’ ἐν ὥρᾳ, προσίστασθαί φημι ταῖς
ἀκοαῖς, _Antiqq. Rom._ i. 8 μονοειδεῖς γὰρ ἐκεῖναί τε καὶ ταχὺ
προσιστάμεναι (= _cito offendunt_) τοῖς ἀκούουσιν.

=προσκατασκευάζειν.= =110= 14 (v.l. προκατασκευάζειν). _To model
further_, _remodel_. Lat. _insuper instruere_.

=προσοδιακός.= =86= 3. _Processional_: see n. _ad loc._

[Page 320]

=προσῳδία.= =128= 12, =196= 17, =268= 20. _Accent._ Lat. _accentus_.
The word is defined in =196= 17 τάσεις φωνῆς αἱ καλούμεναι
προσῳδίαι. See further s.v. τόνος p. 329 _infra_, and compare
Bywater _Aristotle on the Art of Poetry_ p. 336 “προσῳδία
with Aristotle comprises accent, breathing, and quantity—all
the elements in the spoken word which in the ancient mode of
writing were left to be supplied by the reader.” The symbols
used in accentuation are supposed to have been introduced
by Aristophanes of Byzantium, if not by some still earlier
scholar, in order to recall to Greeks and teach foreign
learners the true intonation of the language, which was in
danger of being corrupted and forgotten when the Greek world
grew vast and came to include so many foreign elements.

=πρόσωπον.= =160= 18, =198= 23. _Person_, _character_. Lat. _persona_.
Cp. Demetr. p. 300.

=πτῶσις.= =106= 20, =108= 4, =132= 7, =212= 20, =264= 4. _Grammatical
case._ Lat. _casus_. ‘_Verbal_ cases’ are mentioned in =108= 4;
in Aristotle the term πτῶσις includes inflexions in general.

=πυρρίχιος.= =168= 17. _Pyrrhic._ Lat. _pyrrhichius_. The metrical foot
ᴗ ᴗ.

=ῥῆμα.= =70= 13, 21, =168= 10, =218= 6, 7, =264= 5. _Verb._ Lat.
_verbum_. So =ῥηματικός= =108= 4 (_verbal_), =220= 17 (_verbal
form_).

=ῥήτωρ.= =74= 8, =132= 22, =166= 12, =200= 14, =206= 25, =218= 21,
=236= 20, =242= 7, =248= 15. _Orator_, _rhetorician_. Lat.
_orator_, _rhetor_. As in English we have no similarly
two-sided word, it is often hard to decide between the
renderings, ‘speaker’ and ‘teacher of speaking.’ So =ῥητορικός=
=68= 9, =254= 25, =262= 20.

=ῥοῖζος.= =138= 10. _A whizzing._ Lat. _stridor_.

=ῥυθμίζειν.= =180= 13. _To bring into rhythm_, _to scan_. Lat.
_scandere_. Cp. the use of βαίνειν and διαιρεῖν.

=ῥυθμός.= =120= 18, =122= 12, =124= 6, 9, _passim_. _Rhythm_,
_harmonious movement of speech_. Lat. _numerus_. For _le
nombre oratoire_ in Cicero (whose prose, however, like Roman
prose generally, must not be taken to follow exclusively
Attic standards) see Laurand’s _Études_ pp. 109-11, and cp.
Cic. _Orat._ 20. 67 “quicquid est enim, quod sub aurium
mensuram aliquam cadat, etiamsi abest a versu—nam id quidem
orationis est vitium—numerus vocatur, qui Graece ῥυθμός
dicitur.” Quintil. _Inst. Or._ ix. 4. 45 “omnis structura
ac dimensio et copulatio vocum constat aut numeris (numeros
ῥυθμούς accipi volo) aut μέτροις, id est dimensione quadam.”
It was a suggestive saying of Scaliger’s that metre gives
the exact ‘measure’ of the line, rhythm its ‘temperament.’
As Dionysius identifies ῥυθμός and πούς (=168= 11; cp. =176=
2, 3), we may translate ῥυθμός by ‘foot’ in =180= 11, =182=
19 (cp. σπονδεῖος πούς =178= 7), =200= 17, =206= 9, etc.—Cp.
Aristot. _Rhet._ iii. 8. 2 τὸ δὲ ἄρρυθμον ἀπέραντον, δεῖ δὲ
πεπεράνθαι μέν, μὴ μέτρῳ δέ· ἀηδὲς γὰρ καὶ ἄγνωστον τὸ ἄπειρον.
περαίνεται δὲ ἀριθμῷ πάντα· ὁ δὲ τοῦ σχήματος τῆς λέξεως
ἀριθμὸς ῥυθμός ἐστιν, οὗ καὶ τὰ μέτρα τμητά· διὸ ῥυθμὸν δεῖ
ἔχειν τὸν λόγον, μέτρον δὲ μή· ποίημα γὰρ ἔσται. ῥυθμὸν δὲ μὴ
ἀκριβῶς· τοῦτο δὲ ἔσται ἐὰν μέχρι του ᾖ. So =ῥυθμικός= =128=
18 (where the reference is to lyric metres), =168= 8, =172= 20
(cp. οἱ μετρικοί), =176= 7. Quintilian (ix. 4. 68) provides a
good example of the divisions recognized by the _rhythmici_:
“quis enim dubitet, unum sensum in hoc et unum spiritum esse:
_animadverti, iudices, omnem accusatoris orationem in duas
divisam esse partes?_ tamen et duo prima verba et tria proxima
et deinceps duo rursus ac tria suos quasi numeros habent
spiritum sustinentes, sicut apud rhythmicos aestimantur.”

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=ῥυπαρός.= =134= 24. _Filthy_, _sordid_. Lat. _sordidus_.

=ῥύσις.= =244= 21. _Flow._ Lat. _fluxus_.

=ῥυσός.= =92= 10. _Wrinkled._ Lat. _rugosus_.

=ῥώθωνες.= =144= 22, 23, =146= 11, =220= 25. _Nostrils._ Lat. _nares_.
In =146= 11 διὰ τῶν ῥωθώνων συνηχούμενα = _nasal_.

=Σαπφικός.= =258= 7. _Of Sappho._ Lat. _Sapphicus_.

=σαφήνεια.= =160= 22. _Clearness_, _lucidity_. Lat. _perspicuitas_. Fr.
_clarté_, _netteté_. The adjective =σαφής= occurs in =210= 4.

=σελίς.= =186= 2. _Page._ Lat. _pagina libri_.

=σεμνότης.= =84= 2, =110= 19, =164= 20, =166= 12, =170= 2, =172= 11,
=236= 8. _Gravity_, _majesty_. Lat. _granditas_, _dignitas_,
_gravitas_. Fr. _majesté_. So =σεμνολογία= =120= 23, =174=
17; =σεμνός= =68= 5, =80= 12, =84= 8, etc. It is not easy to
find a good equivalent for σεμνός, as ‘dignified’ comes nearer
to ἀξιωματικός; ‘impressive’ (or the like) to μεγαλοπρεπής;
‘lofty,’ ‘elevated,’ or ‘sublime,’ to ὑψηλός. ‘Solemn,’
‘majestic,’ ‘august,’ or ‘stately’ will sometimes serve.

=σημαίνειν.= =74= 3, =134= 25. _To betoken_, _to express_. Lat.
_significare_.

=σιγμός.= =138= 10. _A hissing._ Lat. _sibilus_. Fr. _sifflement_.

=σιωπή.= =218= 16, =220= 2, =230= 4. _Silence_, _interval_, _pause_.
Lat. _silentium_, _intermissio_. Modern metrists who
confine their attention to syllables are apt to neglect the
interrelations of silence and sound. Dionysius would, on
the contrary, have recognized that the pauses denoted by
punctuation are the key to the metre in such lines as “Thy
rankest fault; all of them; and require” (_Tempest_ v. 1).

=σκαιότης.= =250= 8. _Clumsiness_, _stupidity_. Lat. _rusticitas_,
_imperitia_. Fr. _gaucherie_: cp. the editor’s _Ancient
Boeotians_ p. 6.

=σκευωρία.= =264= 7. _Elaboration_. Lat. _cura artificiosa_. Cp. _de
Thucyd._ c. 5 σκευωρίαν τεχνικήν, c. 29 μᾶλλον δὲ διθυραμβικῆς
σκευωρίας οἰκειότερον: Hesych. σκευωρία· κατασκευή.

=σκιερός.= =234= 13. _Shady_, _dark_. Lat. _obscurus_.

=σκληρός.= =132= 1, =154= 12. _Hard._ Lat. _durus_. Cp. D.H. p. 205.

=σομφός.= =122= 25. _Thick_, _husky_. Lat. _subraucus_, _fuscus_. Cp.
Schol. in M, σομφὸν ἤγουν θρυλιγμὸν καὶ ἐκμέλειαν. Some of the
MSS. give ἀσύμφωνον, thus repeating a word used a few lines
earlier.

=σοφιστής.= =190= 10, =264= 19. _Sophist._ Lat. _sophista_. The
comprehensiveness of the term is well illustrated by the fact
that in the former passage it is applied to Hegesias, in the
latter to Isocrates and Plato. In the parallel passage of the
_de Demosth._ (c. 51) ὁρῶν γε δὴ τούτους τοὺς =θαυμαζομένους
ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ= καὶ κρατίστων λόγων ποιητὰς νομιζομένους Ἰσοκράτην
καὶ Πλάτωνα γλυπτοῖς καὶ τορευτοῖς ἐοικότας ἐκφέροντας λόγους.
Cp. Demetr. p. 301.

[Page 322]

=σπαδονίζειν.= =142= 9. _To emasculate_, _to cramp_. Lat. _spadonium
sonum reddere_. This reading seems preferable on several
grounds: (1) it is the more difficult of the two; (2) the sense
of ‘choke the voice’ seems to agree well with οὐδὲ συγκόψει
τοὺς ἤχους (=162= 4 ‘and will not impede the voice’); (3)
σπανίζειν (intransitive: cp. _de Demosth._ c. 32, _de Thucyd._
c. 19) τοῦ ἤχου would be more common than σπανίζειν τὸν ἦχον:
(4) σπαδονισμοὺς τῶν ἤχων (‘impediments to sound,’ ‘arrested
sounds’) occurs, without variant, in _de Demosth._ c. 40,
and is adopted by U.-R. as well as by other editors; (5) the
authority of R seems to support σπαδονίζει rather than (as
U.-R. think) σπανίζει.

=σπονδεῖος.= =170= 2, =178= 7 (with πόδες), =202= 20. _Spondee._ The
metrical foot – –. Vossius thus describes the effect of the
spondee: “hic pes incessum habet tardum et magnificum; itaque
rebus gravibus, et maxime sacris, vel ipso attestante vocabulo,
imprimis adhibetur.” Cp. Hor. _Ars Poet._ 255 “tardior ut
paulo graviorque veniret ad aures, | spondeos stabiles in iura
paterna recepit [sc. iambus],” and Cic. _Orat._ 64. 216.

=σπουδάζειν.= =66= 8, =94= 16. _To be eager._ Lat. _studere_, _sedulo
operam navare_. For the middle voice of this verb see note on
p. 95 _supra_. The noun =σπουδή= occurs in =156= 14, =186= 4,
=192= 7, =212= 16.

=σταθερός.= =234= 4. _Steadfast._ Lat. _stabilis_. τὸ σταθερόν = _la
lenteur grave_.

=στάθμη.= =236= 4. _A carpenter’s line or rule._ Lat. _amussis_. ἀπὸ
στάθμης = _velut ad amussim_, ‘regulated by line and rule, by
square and level.”

=στενός.= =142= 19, =146= 3. _Narrow._ Lat. _angustus_. In =146= 3 it
is coupled with λεπτός.

=στηριγμός.= =202= 24. _A sustaining_ (of the voice on certain
syllables), _a pause_. Lat. _mora_. See under ἐγκάθισμα,
p. 297 _supra_; and under ἀντιστηριγμός, p. 288 _supra_.
So =στηριχθῆναι= =220= 18, ‘to be firmly planted,’ ‘to be
sustained.’

=στιβαρός.= =216= 16. _Hardy_, _robust_. Lat. _robustus_. The word
occurs also in _de Thucyd._ c. 24. Cp. the French _nerveux_.
Hesych. στιβαρόν· εὔρωστον, βαρύ, εὔτονον, στεῤῥόν, ἰσχυρόν.
As is pointed out by Larue van Hook (_Metaphorical Terminology
of Greek Rhetoric_ p. 20), both Latin and English abound in
similar terms of style drawn from good physical condition:
_nervi_, _vires_, _vigor_, _lacerti_, _ossa_, _robur_:
_full-blooded_, _hearty_, _lively_, _lusty_, _muscular_,
_nervous_, _robust_, _sinewy_, _supple_, _strenuous_,
_vigorous_, etc.

=στίχος.= =86= 2, 12, =88= 7, etc. _A line of poetry._ Lat. _versus_.
In _de Thucyd._ c. 19 the word is used with reference to prose:
ὅτι πολλὰ καὶ μεγάλα πράγματα παραλιπών, τὸ προοίμιον τῆς
ἱστορίας μέχρι πεντακοσίων ἐκμηκύνει στίχων.

=στοιχεῖον.= =70= 11, 20, =108= 10, =110= 9, =138= 1, etc. _Element._
Lat. _elementum_. So =στοιχειώδης= =138= 14. With the use of
στοιχεῖον in c. 14 cp. Aristot. _Poet._ c. 20, where the word
is defined as φωνὴ ἀδιαίρετος, οὐ πᾶσα δέ, ἀλλ’ ἐξ ἧς πέφυκε
συνετὴ γίγνεσθαι φωνή. In =108= 10 the meaning practically is
‘principle,’ ‘rule.’

[Page 323]

=στρέφειν.= =264= 3, =270= 11. _To turn_, _to twist_. Lat. _torquere_.
In =270= 11 the meaning may be conveyed by ‘to change the words
about,’ ‘to permute or vary the order of the words,’ ‘to give a
new turn to the sentence.’

=στρογγύλος.= =112= 11. _Compact_, _rounded_, _terse_. Lat. _rotundus_.
Fr. _arrondi_. See the examples quoted in D.H. p. 205, and add
_de Lys._ c. 9 στρογγύλη καὶ πυκνή, _de Isaeo_ c. 3 στρογγύλη
τε καὶ δικανικὴ οὐχ ἧττόν ἐστιν ἡ Ἰσαίου λέξις τῆς Λυσίου. So
=στρογγυλίζειν= =142= 15. Latin equivalents, or parallels, may
be found in Horace’s _ore rotundo_ (_Ars P._ 323), Cicero’s
_contortus_ (_Orat._ 20. 66), Quintilian’s _corrotundare_ (xi.
3. 102). “στρογγύλος is used of the new stylistic artifices
of the sophistical rhetoric by Aristophanes _Acharn._ 686
(στρογγύλοις τοῖς ῥήμασι), and by Plato _Phaedr._ 234 E. In
later usage it is constantly used of periodic composition” (G.
L. Hendrickson in _American Journal of Philology_ xxv. 138).

=στροφή.= =194= 6, 9, 10, 16, 19, =254= 13, =272= 5, =278= 8.
_Strophe_, _stanza_. Lat. _stropha_.

=στρυφνός.= =228= 7. _Harsh_, _astringent_. Lat. _acerbus_. See D.H. p.
205 (s.v. στριφνός: in _C.V._ =228= 7 F has στριφνόν), with the
reference to Jebb’s equivalent ‘biting flavour’ (_Att. Orr._ i.
35).

=στύφειν.= =154= 13. _To draw up the mouth._ Lat. _astringere_. Used
of sounds that make the hearer pull a wry face and screw up
his lips. Cp. _de Demosth._ c. 38 ἀνακοπὰς καὶ ἀντιστηριγμοὺς
λαμβάνειν καὶ τραχύτητας ἐν ταῖς συμπλοκαῖς τῶν ὀνομάτων
ἐπιστυφούσας τὴν ἀκοὴν ἡσυχῇ βούλεται.

=συγγραφεύς.= =74= 8, =76= 3, =154= 17, =206= 25, =214= 15, =228=
11, =236= 18, =248= 14. _Prose-writer_, _historian_. Lat.
_scriptor_ (_prosaicus_); (_scriptor_) _historicus_.
ἱστοριογράφος (_de Thucyd._ c. 2) is a less ambiguous
expression than συγγραφεύς (c. 5 _ibid._) or than λογογράφος
(c. 20 _ibid._).—In =68= 9 =συγγράφειν= = _to compose_ (a
treatise).

=συγκοπή.= =156= 19, =230= 7. _Stoppage._ Lat. _impeditio_. So
=συγκόπτειν= (‘impede the voice,’ ‘check the utterance’) =162=
4. [This meaning seems to bring the three passages fairly into
line: otherwise συγκοπαὶ τῶν ἤχων, in =230= 7, might well mean
‘durae sonorum collisiones et concursiones.’]

=συγκροτεῖν.= =206= 16. _To weld together._ Lat. _compingere_,
_coagmentare_.

=σύγκρουσις.= =230= 27. _Collision_, _concurrence_, _consonance_. Lat.
_concursus_. Fr. _rencontre_. So =συγκρούειν= =202= 18, =224=
10. Cp. Demetr. p. 302. The reference is to a succession of
two vowels which do not form a diphthong, either in the same
word (e.g. λᾶαν) or with hiatus between two words (e.g. ἄλγε’
ἔχοντα: or καὶ ἐλπίσας, τε ἔσεσθαι, καὶ ἀξιολογώτατον). Cp.
_de Demosth._ c. 43. Cicero’s opinion of the ‘concourse of
vowels’ (quoted by Quintil. ix. 4. 37) is given in _Orat._
23. 77 “verba etiam verbis quasi coagmentare neglegat; habet
enim ille tamquam hiatus et concursus vocalium molle quiddam
et quod indicet non ingratam neglegentiam de re hominis magis
quam de verbis laborantis.” On the other hand, Pope (_Essay on
Criticism_) states and exemplifies the weak side of hiatus by
means of the line, ‘Tho’ oft the ear the open vowels tire’; and
Cicero himself (_Orat._ 44. 150) writes, “quod quidem Latina
lingua sic observat, nemo ut tam rusticus sit qui vocales nolit
coniungere.” In English, the question of hiatus raises sundry
points of an interesting kind. Should we, for example, say
‘_an_ historian’ and ‘_an_ historical book,’ on the ground that
the initial aspirate is evanescent when the accent falls on the
second syllable; and similarly ‘_an_ united family’ but ‘_a_
union of hearts’?

[Page 324]

=συγκρύπτειν.= =130= 26. _To hide_, _to disguise_. Lat. _occulere_.

=συγξεῖν.= =210= 22, =228= 4, =232= 12, =234= 19. _To polish._ Lat.
_expolire_. Cp. _de Demosth._ c. 40 πολλὴν σφόδρα ποιουμένη
φροντίδα τοῦ συνεξέσθαι καὶ συνηλεῖφθαι καὶ προπετεῖς ἁπάντων
αὐτῶν εἶναι τὰς ἁρμονίας.

=συγχρώζεσθαι.= =244= 17. _To be closely joined._ Lat. _cohaerere_,
_mutuo se contingere_.

=συζυγία.= =84= 11, =104= 17, =106= 19, etc. _Coupling_, _grouping_,
_combination_. Lat. _coniunctio_. Fr. _liaison_. So _de
Demosth._ c. 40 (the passage quoted s.v. συμβολή, _infra_).

=συλλαβή.= =150= 16. _Syllable._ Lat. _syllaba_. Words like this serve
to remind us how much of our modern rhetorical and grammatical
terminology is taken direct from the Greek.

=συλλεαίνειν.= =230= 20. _To rub smooth_, _to polish_. Lat. _levigare_,
_polire_. Cp. _de Demosth._ c. 43 ἐν δὲ τῇ δευτέρᾳ περιόδῳ
τραχύνεται μὲν ἡ σύνθεσις ἐν τῷ “μεγάλη γὰρ ῥοπή” διὰ τὸ μὴ
συναλείφεσθαι τὰ δύο ρ ρ, καὶ ἐν τῷ “ἀνθρώπων πράγματα” διὰ τὸ
μὴ συλλεαίνεσθαι <τὸ ν> τῷ ἑξῆς.

=συμβεβηκότα, τά.= =98= 8, 9, =140= 14, =264= 6, =268= 19. _The
accidental, non-essential, qualities of a thing._ Lat.
_accidentia_. In =268= 19 the reference is to the changes which
words undergo in the way of contraction, expansion, acute or
grave accentuation, etc.

=συμβολή.= =210= 20, =232= 13. _Clashing._ Lat. _concursus_. In
=232= 13 the reference is to _les chocs des voyelles_. Cp.
_de Demosth._ c. 40 καὶ διὰ τοῦτο φεύγει μὲν ἁπάσῃ σπουδῇ
τὰς τῶν φωνηέντων συμβολὰς ὡς τὴν λειότητα καὶ τὴν εὐέπειαν
διασπώσας, φεύγει δέ, ὅση δύναμις αὐτῇ, τῶν ἡμιφώνων τε καὶ
ἀφώνων γραμμάτων τὰς συζυγίας, ὅσαι τραχύνουσι τοὺς ἤχους καὶ
ταράττειν δύνανται τὰς ἀκοάς.

=σύμβολον.= =84= 4. _Token_, _label_. Lat. _signum_.

=συμμετρία.= =130= 7, 12, =246= 2, 4, =270= 10. _Due proportion._ Lat.
_iusta mensura_. In =270= 10 συμμετρία would seem to mean _the
arrangement of the periods within the lines or verses_ (μέτρα:
the variant ἐμμετρία is to be noticed); and with it should be
compared συμμέτρως in =270= 13, though there Upton suggests
ἀσυμμέτρως and Schaefer συμμέτροις. =συμμέτρως= occurs also
in =232= 9; and =συμμετρεῖν= in =212= 18, =276= 26. Cp. _de
Demosth._ c. 43 ὥστε συμμετρηθῆναι πρὸς ἀνδρὸς πνεῦμα.

=συμπληροῦν.= =180= 11, =182= 16. _To complete_, _to constitute_. Lat.
_absolvere_.

=συμπλοκή.= =160= 9, =198= 6, =240= 16. _Intertwining_, _blending_.
Lat. _implicatio_. So =συμπλέκειν= =154= 17, =258= 4. For the
metaphor from weaving cp. ῥάπτειν and ὑφαίνειν: Pindar _Nem._
iv. 153 ῥήματα πλέκων: Swinburne _Erechtheus_ 1487 “I have no
will to weave too fine or far, | O queen, the weft of sweet
with bitter speech.”

[Page 325]

=σύμπτωσις.= =240= 12. _Concurrence._ Lat. _concursus_.

=συμφορητός.= =72= 22. _Collected promiscuously_, _miscellaneous_. Lat.
_collatus_, _collecticius_.

=συνάγειν.= =144= 18, =212= 3. _To contract._ Lat. _contrahere_,
_coarctare_.

=συναλοιφή.= =108= 18, =180= 17, =218= 7, =222= 24, =256= 22.
_Blending_, _fusion_, _amalgamation_. Lat. _coitus_, _vocalium
elisio_. Fr. _synalèphe_ (_contraction, ou jonction de
plusieurs voyelles_). So =συναλείφειν= =220= 1, =222= 26, =234=
8, =236= 6, =244= 17. Compare Demetr. p. 303, together with
the passage there quoted from Quintil. ix. 4. 35-7 (including
the words “coëuntes litterae, quae συναλοιφαί dicuntur”), and
see (as to hiatus) Sandys’ _Orator_ pp. 160 ff. and Laurand’s
_Études_ pp. 114-6. Cp. _de Demosth._ c. 43 καὶ κατ’ ἄλλους δύο
τόπους ἢ τρεῖς τὰ ἡμίφωνα <καὶ ἄφωνα> παραπίπτοντα ἀλλήλοις τὰ
φύσιν οὐκ ἔχοντα συναλείφεσθαι ἔν τε τῷ “τὸν Φίλιππον” καὶ ἐν
τῷ “ταύτῃ φοβερὸν προσπολεμῆσαι” ταράττει τοὺς ἤχους μετρίως
καὶ οὐκ ἐᾷ φαίνεσθαι μαλακούς· ἐν δὲ τῇ δευτέρᾳ περιόδῳ κτλ.
(the remainder of the passage is given under συλλεαίνειν, p.
324 _supra_).

=συναπαρτίζειν.= =212= 11, =270= 13. _To complete_ (_the sense_)
_simultaneously_. Cp. Demetr. _de Eloc._ §§ 2, 10 (together
with ἀπαρτίζειν in Glossary p. 267 _ibid._), and also the
note on pp. 270, 271 _supra_. Cp. _de Demosth._ c. 39 ἔτι τῆς
ἁρμονίας ταύτης οἰκεῖόν ἐστι καὶ τὸ τὰς περιόδους αὐτουργούς
τινας εἶναι καὶ ἀφελεῖς καὶ μήτε συναπαρτιζούσας ἑαυταῖς
τὸν νοῦν μήτε συμμεμετρημένας τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ λέγοντος μηδέ
γε παραπληρώμασι τῶν ὀνομάτων οὐκ ἀναγκαίοις ὡς πρὸς τὴν
ὑποκειμένην διάνοιαν χρωμένας μηδ’ εἰς θεατρικούς τινας καὶ
γλαφυροὺς καταληγούσας ῥυθμούς.

=συνάπτειν.= =202= 19, =240= 20, =262= 4. _To link together._ Lat.
_adiungere_, _connectere_. Dionysius’ love of variety may be
seen by comparing together =262= 4, =258= 4, =256= 20, 22,
=258= 24.

=συναρμόττειν.= =118= 14, =134= 11, =234= 19. _To adapt one thing to
another._ Lat. _accommodare_. Used with reference to adjusting,
dovetailing, interlinking.

=συνασκεῖν.= =282= 1. _To practise simultaneously._ Lat. _simul
exercere_.

=σύνδεσμος.= =70= 14, 17, =72= 1, =218= 7, =220= 5, =258= 27.
_Conjunction_, _connective_, _connecting word_. Lat. _copula_,
_coniunctio_. ‘Particle,’ or ‘connecting-particle,’ will
sometimes be a suitable rendering, as the term includes
particles like ἄρα (=258= 27) and μέν and δή (Demetr. _de
Eloc._ §§ 55, 56, 196), and may even be applied to prepositions
(=220= 5, 6). In a difficult passage of Aristot. _Poetics_ (xx.
6), among the examples offered of σύνδεσμος are ἀμφί, περί,
μέν, ἤτοι, as well as δέ. A good account of the word will be
found in Cope’s _Introduction to Aristotle’s Rhetoric_ pp.
371-4, 392-7. See further Quintil. i. 4. 18; Aristot. _Rhet._
iii. 6. 6.

=συνεδρεύειν.= =100= 10, =160= 19. _To attend_, _to accompany_. Lat.
_assidere_, _adiungi_. Used, in =100= 10, of the accompanying
relations (mode, place, time, etc.), which adverbs denote in
reference to verbs.

[Page 326]

=συνεκτρέχειν.= =274= 24. _To run out together_, _to be of the same
length_. Lat. _aequis passibus concurrere_.

=συνεκφέρειν.= =240= 11. _To pronounce concurrently._ Lat. _simul
pronuntiare_. Cp. =συνεκφορά= =230= 3.

=συνεφθαρμένος.= =126= 10, =144= 12, =234= 13. _Imperceptibly blended_,
_melting into each other_. Lat. _commistus_. φθορά is the
technical term for the mixing of colours in painting: e.g.
Plut. _Mor._ 346 A καὶ γὰρ Ἀπολλόδωρος ὁ ζωγράφος, ἀνθρώπων
πρῶτος ἐξευρὼν φθορὰν καὶ ἀπόχρωσιν σκιᾶς, Ἀθηναῖος ἦν. Perhaps
it is this sense of ‘fusion’ that led to φθορά being used, in
Byzantine music, in some such sense as ‘modulation.’

=συνεχής.= =230= 17, 20, =244= 21, =246= 1. _Continuous_, _unbroken_.
Lat. _continuus_. So =συνεχῶς= =132= 9, =230= 29, =280= 21.
=συνέχεια= (=240= 5) = _coherence_, ‘continuus compositionis
tenor.’

=συνηχεῖν.= =140= 21, =144= 20, =146= 11. _To sound at the same time._
Lat. _consonare_. In =140= 21 the translation of the manuscript
reading συνεχούσης may be “while all these are pronounced, the
windpipe constricts the breath,” A. J. Ellis _op. cit._ p. 41
(with the note, “probably this is what Dionysius considered the
cause of voice”).

=σύνθεσις.= =68= 5, 7, 19, =70= 3, 9, =72= 8, =74= 15, =78= 9, =86=
2, 13, =90= 19, =134= 26 etc., =200= 10, 16, =202= 1, 7,
=204= 9, =232= 25, =240= 23, =270= 9. _Composition._ Lat.
_compositio_. ‘Composition’ (with the addition of ‘literary,’
to mark it off from other kinds of composition) seems the least
inadequate English rendering of σύνθεσις, and comes nearest
to the usual Latin title. To judge by the actual contents
of the treatise (which go beyond Dionysius’ occasional and
fragmentary definitions), the term ‘putting-together’ can be
applied not only to ὀνόματα, but (on the one side) to γράμματα
and συλλαβαί and (on the other) to κῶλα and περίοδοι, and to a
poem of Sappho or the proem of Thucydides. Hence ‘arrangement
(or _order_, _ordonnance_) of words’ proves, in practice, too
narrow a title, though the euphonic and symphonic arrangement
of words and the elements of words is the main theme, and
though there is (as has been pointed out in the Introduction,
p. 11 _supra_) some danger of ‘literary composition’ seeming
to promise a treatment of the πραγματικὸς τόπος. One of the
definitions of composition in the _New English Dictionary_
will apply very fairly to the _de Compositione Verborum_: “the
due arrangement of words into sentences, and of sentences into
periods; the art of constructing sentences and of writing
prose or verse,” while ἁρμονία (which is σύνθεσις in special
reference to skilful and melodious combination) might well be
defined in the words there quoted from the _Arte of Rhetorique_
of T. Wilson (1553 A.D.): “composition ... is an apt joyning
together of wordes in such order, that neither the eare shall
espie any jerre, nor yet any man shalbe dulled with overlong
drawing out of a sentence.” The form συνθήκη is found, in
practically the same sense as σύνθεσις, in the _Epitome_ c.
3; in Lucian _de conscrib. hist._ c. 46 καὶ μὴν καὶ συνθήκῃ
τῶν ὀνομάτων εὐκράτῳ καὶ μέσῃ χρηστέον; and in Chrysostom _de
Sacerdotio_ iv. 6 (quoted under ἀπαγγελία p. 288 _supra_). As
Latin equivalents (in addition to ‘de Compositione Verborum’),
‘de Collocatione Verborum’ or ‘de Constructione Verborum’
might be supported out of Cicero’s _Orator_ and _de Oratore_;
and something might be said, too, in favour of ‘de Structura
Orationis’ or (more fully) ‘de compositione, seu orationis
partium apta inter se collocatione.’—=συνθετικός= occurs in
=104= 15, and =σύνθετος= in =144= 11, =176= 3, =184= 3.

[Page 327]

=σύνοψις.= =208= 13. _A general view._ Lat. _conspectus_. εἰς σύνοψιν
ἐλθεῖν δυνάμενος would, in Aristotle’s conciser phrase, be:
εὐσύνοπτος.—The verb =συνορᾶν= occurs in =184= 22, =συνιδεῖν=
=182= 3.

=συντάττεσθαι.= =80= 5, =94= 15, =96= 6, =98= 19, 20, =104= 5, =106=
13, =264= 21. _To put together_, _to compose_, _to treat of_.
Lat. _componere_, _tractare_. So =σύνταγμα= =214= 9, and
=σύνταξις= (‘arrangement,’ ‘co-ordination,’ ‘treatise’) =94= 3,
=96= 2, 13, 16, etc.

=συντιθέναι.= =68= 3, =74= 12, =106= 11, etc. _To arrange words or
sounds_, _to compose_. Lat. _componere_.

=συνυφαίνειν.= =134= 12, =166= 17, =184= 14, =234= 9, 20, =240= 7. _To
weave together._ Lat. _contexere_. Lucian (_de conscrib. hist._
48) uses the word: καὶ ἐπειδὰν ἀθροίσῃ ἅπαντα ἢ τὰ πλεῖστα,
πρῶτα μὲν ὑπόμνημά τι συνυφαινέτω αὐτῶν κτλ. [The passage is
given in full under χρῶμα, p. 333 _infra_.]

=συνῳδός.= =220= 17, =224= 16, =232= 8. _In harmony with_, _accordant_.
Lat. _concors_.

=συριγμός.= =146= 14, =148= 7, =160= 1. _A hissing._ Lat. _sibilus_.
So =σύριγμα= =146= 3. In =160= 1 the reference is to the
‘whistling of ropes,’ the ‘shrieking of tackle’: cp. Virg.
_Aen._ i. 87 “insequitur clamorque virum _stridorque rudentum_.”

=σύρρυσις.= =162= 21. _A flowing together_, _conflux_. Lat.
_concursus_. Two forms of the word are found: σύρρευσις and (as
here) σύρρυσις.

=συστέλλειν.= =140= 19, =152= 25, =206= 1. _To compress._ Lat.
_contrahere_, _corripere_. So =συστολή= =142= 18, =268= 20.

=συστρέφειν.= =204= 9. _To abbreviate._ Lat. _contrahere_. Cp. D.H.
p. 206, and Demetr. p. 305 (s.v. συστροφή). The condensation
indicated in =204= 9 consists in the fact that the rolling
_down_ of the stone is described in a single line, whereas the
rolling _up_ takes four lines.

=σφραγίς.= =268= 3. _Seal_, _impression of a seal_. Lat. _signum_.

=σχέδιος.= =186= 5. _Sudden_, _off-hand_, _impromptu_. Lat.
_extemporalis_. Cp. αὐτοσχέδιος p. 291 _supra_.

=σχῆμα.= =88= 12, =90= 19, =130= 7, =132= 11, =148= 20 etc., =196= 25,
26, =198= 6, _passim_. _Figure_, _attitude_. Lat. _figura_. See
D.H. p. 206, and Demetr. p. 305, for various quotations and
references (to which may be added Causeret _La Langue de la
rhétorique et de la critique littéraire dans Ciceron_ pp. 176
ff.). Sometimes ‘construction’ will be a good rendering (e.g.
_de Isocr._ c. 3), or ‘form’ (_de Thucyd._ c. 37): cp. Cic.
_Brut._ 17. 69 (‘sententiarum orationisque formae’). ‘Turns of
expression’ (_tours de phrase_) will also serve occasionally.

=σχηματίζειν.= =104= 18, =106= 15, =108= 1, =110= 14, =112= 18, 19,
etc. _To use a figure_, _to shape_, _to construct_. Lat.
_figurare_. Cp. D.H. p. 206, Demetr. p. 305.

=σχηματισμός.= =112= 14, 20, =146= 7, =212= 21, etc. _Configuration_,
_construction_; _the employment of figures or turns of phrase_.
Lat. _conformatio_, _figuratio_.

[Page 328]

=σχολικός.= =214= 9. _After the manner of lectures_, _tedious_. Lat.
_longus_. Dionysius has in mind treatises which are ‘academic’
rather than practical. Cp. Long. _de Sublim._ iii. 5 πολλὰ γὰρ
ὥσπερ ἐκ μέθης τινὲς εἰς τὰ μηκέτι τοῦ πράγματος, ἴδια ἑαυτῶν
καὶ σχολικὰ παραφέρονται πάθη.

=σῶμα.= =134= 25. _Person._ Lat. _persona_. Same sense as πρόσωπον:
compare, in _Ep._ ii. _ad Amm._ c. 14, πρόσωπα δὲ παρ’ αὐτῷ τὰ
πράγματα γίνεται with πράγματα δὲ ἀντὶ σωμάτων τὰ τοιαῦτα ὑπ’
αὐτοῦ γίνεται.

=Σωτάδειος.= =88= 1. _Sotadean._ Lat. _Sotadeus_. So called from
Sotades, a native of Maroneia or of Crete, who lived under
the early Ptolemies. The structure of the Sotadean verse is
analyzed in P. Masqueray’s _Abriss der griechischen Metrik_ pp.
141-4. For some further references see Demetr. p. 244.

=ταμιεύειν.= =246= 4. _To regulate_, _to manage_. Lat. _temperare_,
_dispensare_.

=τάξις.= =72= 12, 18, =198= 6, etc. _Order._ Lat. _dispositio_. Not
identical in sense with σύνθεσις, which (in =72= 18) forms
part of one and the same sentence as τάξις. τάξις often (e.g.
Aristot. _Rhet._ iii. 12. 6) refers to the marshalling of the
subject matter of a speech.—The verb =τάττειν= occurs (with
various senses) in =126= 7, =196= 6, =254= 10, etc.

=ταπεινός.= =74= 12, =78= 10, =80= 13, =92= 17, =134= 23, =166= 3,
=176= 11, =186= 19. _Low_, _mean_, _vulgar_. Lat. _humilis_,
_abiectus_. So =ταπεινότης= =192= 9.

=τάσις.= =126= 7, 9, =128= 5, 11, =196= 16. _Tension_, _pitch_,
_accent_. Lat. _intentio_ (_vocis_), _accentus_. Cp. προσῳδία
p. 320 _supra_, and τόνος p. 329 _infra_. Definition in =196=
16: τάσεις φωνῆς αἱ καλούμεναι προσῳδίαι. Quintil. i. 5. 22
“adhuc difficilior observatio est per _tenores_, (quos quidem
ab antiquis dictos _tonores_ comperi, videlicet declinato a
Graecis verbo, qui τόνους dicunt) vel _accentus_, quas Graeci
προσῳδίας vocant,” etc.

=ταυτολογία.= =240= 26. _Verbal reiteration_, _tautology_. Lat.
_eiusdem verbi iteratio_. This is, apparently, the earliest
recorded use of the word, though Polybius employs the verb
ταυτολογεῖν. Quintil. viii. 3. 50 “sicut ταυτολογία, id est
eiusdem verbi aut sermonis iteratio. haec enim quamquam non
magnopere a summis auctoribus vitata, interim vitium videri
potest, in quod saepe incidit etiam Cicero, securus tam
parvae observationis: sicut hoc loco, _Non solum igitur illud
iudicium iudicii simile, iudices, non fuit._” The English word
_tautology_ must have been unfamiliar when Philemon Holland
translated the _Morals_ of Plutarch, since it is one of the
terms included in the “explanation of certain obscure words”
appended to Holland’s volume.

=ταυτότης.= =134= 18, =192= 20. _Sameness_, _monotony_. Lat. _rerum
earundem iteratio_. Contrasted with μεταβολή: as in =134= 18
διαναπαύειν δὲ τὴν ταυτότητά φημι δεῖν μεταβολὰς εὐκαίρους
εἰσφέροντα.—Aristotle uses the word several times, in the sense
of ‘identity.’

=τέλειος.= =84= 21, =116= 24, =144= 17, =150= 13, etc. _Complete_,
_perfect_. Lat. _absolutus_, _perfectus_. See, further, note on
=204= 24.—So =τελειοῦν= =178= 13.—In =120= 4, =268= 5, =τέλος=
= ‘end,’ ‘object.’

[Page 329]

=τελεταί.= =252= 15. _Rites_, _mysteries_. Lat. _sacra arcana_, _ritus
et caerimoniae_. αἱ τελεταὶ τοῦ λόγου = _sacra eloquentiae_.

=τετράμετρος.= =86= 3, 14, =256= 8, 13. _Consisting of four metres or
measures._ Lat. _tetrametrus_ (sc. _versus_: στίχος).

=τετριμμένος.= =252= 29. _Homely_, _ordinary_. Lat. _tritus_. Fr.
_ordinaire_. The word sometimes inclines to the sense ‘vulgar,’
‘hackneyed,’ ‘_banal_,’ ‘_rebattu_’: cp. τέτριπται =134= 22.

=τέχνη.= =68= 9, =94= 10, 14, =96= 2, =104= 10, =132= 22, etc. _Art_,
_handbook_. Lat. _ars_. αἱ τέχναι in Dionysius (cp. αἱ τέχναι
τῶν λόγων, Aristot. _Rhet._ i. 1. 3) refers specially to
rhetorical handbooks: e.g. =270= 4, =282= 3. αἱ ῥητορικαὶ
τέχναι is often used to designate the _Rhetoric_ of Aristotle:
e.g. =254= 25, and _Ep. i. ad Amm._ cc. 1, 2, etc.—In =124= 3
τεχνίτης = ‘craftsman,’ ‘professional.’

=τὴν ἄλλως.= =176= 6. _To no purpose._ Lat. _temere_. Coupled here
with a negative: cp. Suidas, τηνάλλως. μάτην. καὶ οὐ τηνάλλως
μετὰ τῆς ἀποφάσεως λέγεται.

=τομή.= =72= 2. _Division._ Lat. _partitio_. Fr. _partie_,
_subdivision_.

=τόνος.= =126= 5, 15, 19, =142= 8. _Tone_, _tension_, _pitch_,
_accent_. Lat. _tonus_, _intentio_ (_vocis_), _accentus_. If
τόνον be read in =136= 16 and τόνος in =236= 8, the meaning
will be _energy_: cp. D.H. p. 207. See also under τάσις p. 328
_supra_, and under περισπασμός p. 316 _supra_ (for a passage of
Aristot _Rhet._ iii. 1. 4).

=τόπος.= =66= 6, =96= 9, =144= 18, =164= 17, =248= 8. _Place_,
_heading_, _department_. Lat. _locus_. The πραγματικὸς τόπος
(=66= 6) is the _locus rerum_, as opposed to the λεκτικὸς τόπος
(=96= 9). In this connexion not only τόπος, but τρόπος, τύπος,
χαρακτήρ and μέρος are sometimes used by Dionysius.

=τορευτός.= =264= 18. _Worked in relief_, _chased_. Lat. _caelatus_. So
τορευτής = _caelator_, =266= 8.

=τραγῳδοποιός.= =236= 17, =248= 14. _Tragic poet_, _tragedian_. Lat.
_tragicus poëta_. [For the Greek expressions used to denote
tragic and comic poets see H. Richards in the _Classical
Review_ xiv. 211.]

=τρανός.= =230= 14. _Clear_, _distinct_. Lat. _perspicuus_. In earlier
Greek the form τρανής is used: cp. Soph. _Ajax_ 23 ἴσμεν γὰρ
οὐδὲν τρανές, ἀλλ’ ἀλώμεθα.

=τραχύτης.= =230= 5, =232= 8. _Roughness._ Lat. _asperitas_. Fr.
_âpreté_, _dureté_. So =τραχύς= =130= 26, =154= 12, =228= 7,
=234= 15, etc.; and =τραχύνειν= =130= 19, =146= 9, =202= 26,
=206= 4, =216= 17, =218= 18, =240= 17. By ‘rough’ letters, in
=202= 26, Dionysius may probably mean the following letters
found in the four lines quoted in =202= 3-6: Σ, σ, φ (?), σ, γ,
χ, στ, ζ, σ, σκ, πτ, σχ, σκ, φ (?); and among these, σκ, σχ and
πτ may be regarded as ‘juxtapositions of rough letters.’

=τρίκωλον.= =116= 11. _A sentence consisting of three members or
clauses._ Lat. _oratio trimembris_. τὸ τρίκωλον is here a noun:
on the same principle as, for example, ἡ τρίοδος (= _trivium_).

=τρίμετρος.= =258= 19, 25. _Consisting of three metres or measures._
Lat. _trimetrus_ (sc. _versus_: στίχος).

=τρισύλλαβος.= =170= 15, =174= 8. _Consisting of three syllables._ Lat.
_trisyllabus_.

[Page 330]

=τρόπος.= =196= 1. _Mode_ (in music). Lat. _modus_. Cp. Monro’s _Modes
of Ancient Greek Music_ p. 2. In =132= 12 the word means
_trope_ (_metaphor_ particularly: cp. Quintil. viii. 6. 4):
so =τροπικός= (_figurative_; Fr. _figuré_) =78= 16, =252= 24,
=272= 10.

=τροχαῖος.= =170= 8, =184= 11. _Trochee._ The metrical foot – ᴗ.

=τρυφερός.= =236= 9. _Delicate_, _dainty_. Lat. _delicatus_, _nitidus_.

=τύπος.= =70= 7, =268= 2, 17, 24. _Outline_, _form_. Lat. _forma_,
_figura_.

=ὕλη.= =266= 9. _Material._ Lat. _materia_. Fr. _matière_.

=ὑπαγωγικός.= =90= 5. _Drawn slowly out_, _prolonged_. Lat.
_dilatatus_. Cp. _de Demosth._ c. 4 διώκει δ’ ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου
τὴν περίοδον οὐδὲ ταύτην στρογγύλην καὶ πυκνὴν ἀλλ’ ὑπαγωγικήν
τινα καὶ πλατεῖαν καὶ πολλοὺς ἀγκῶνας, ὥσπερ οἱ μὴ κατ’ εὐθείας
ῥέοντες ποταμοὶ ποιοῦσιν, ἐγκολπιζομένην. It is possible,
however, that in the _de Comp. Verb._ the word has an active
meaning similar to that of ἐπαγωγικός, in which case the
rendering will be ‘the effect of the passage will no longer be
that of a narrative which gently carries the reader on.’

=ὑπαλλαγή.= =78= 16. _Hypallage._ Lat. _hypallage_. Quintil. ix. 6. 23
“nec procul ab hoc genere discedit μετωνυμία, quae est nominis
pro nomine positio. cuius vis est, pro eo, quod dicitur,
causam, propter quam dicitur, ponere; sed, ut ait Cicero,
ὑπαλλαγήν rhetores dicunt. haec inventas ab inventore et
subiectas res ab obtinentibus significat: ut _Cererem corruptam
undis_, et _receptus Terra Neptunus classes Aquilonibus
arcet_.” Cp. Cic. _Orat._ 27. 93 “hanc ὑπαλλαγήν rhetores,
quia quasi summutantur verba pro verbis, μετωνυμίαν grammatici
vocant, quod nomina transferuntur.”

=ὑπάτη.= =210= 7. _Top note._ Lat. _chorda suprema_. See L. & S. _s.v._

=ὑπεραίρειν.= =224= 11. _To exceed._ Lat. _transgredi_.

=ὑπερβολή.= =156= 11. _Excess_, _violence_. Lat. _impetus_, _ardor_.
[Not here used in the technical sense of _superlatio_,
_traiectio_.]

=ὑπέρμετρος.= =214= 8. _Exceeding due measure_, _excessively long_.
Lat. _excedens mensuram_. [Not here used in the technical sense
of passing beyond the bounds of metre: Demetr. _de Eloc._ § 118
ποίημα γὰρ ἄκαιρον ψυχρόν, ὥσπερ καὶ τὸ ὑπέρμετρον, ‘a bit of
verse out of place is just as inartistic as the disregard of
metrical rules in poetry.’]

=ὑπεροπτικός.= =232= 20. _Disdainful._ Lat. _ad contemnendum pronus_.

=ὑπερτείνειν.= =132= 14. _To exceed._ Lat. _transcendere_.

=ὑπηχεῖν.= =150= 7. _To sound in answer to_, _to re-echo_. Lat.
_resonare_.

=ὑποβάκχειος.= =174= 23, =178= 11, 13. _Hypobacchius._ The metrical
foot ᴗ – –. The _Epitome_ (c. 17) gives παλιμβάκχειος in the
same sense as ὑποβάκχειος.

=ὑπογράφειν.= =122= 7. _To sketch._ Lat. _adumbrare_. Fr. _esquisser_.

=ὑπόδειγμα.= =174= 12. _Pattern_, _specimen_. Lat. _documentum_,
_exemplum_.

=ὑπόθεσις.= =104= 6. _Subject_, _theme_. Lat. _argumentum operis_. So
=τὰ ὑποκείμενα= (_the subject matter_) =74= 9, =106= 17, =130=
13, =134= 21, =158= 2.

=ὑπόμνησις.= =80= 1. _Reminder._ Lat. _admonitio_. ὑπομνήσεως ἕνεκα =
_memoriae causa_.

[Page 331]

=ὑποτακτικός.= =220= 19. _Subordinate._ Lat. _subditus_. Dionysius
seems to mean that π is not apt to be amalgamated with,
or absorbed in, a preceding ν. [The second vowel in a
diphthong could be described as ὑποτακτικὸν φωνῆεν.] The verb
=ὑποτάττειν= occurs in =100= 23 and =126= 21.

=ὑποτίθεσθαι.= =194= 8. _To take as a subject._ Lat. _argumentum sibi
sumere_. This (rather than ‘to postulate’) seems to be the
meaning.

=ὑποτραχύνειν.= =222= 7. _To grate slightly on the ear._ Lat. _leni
horrore aures afficere_.

=ὕπτιος.= =108= 3. _Passive._ Lat. _supinus_.

=ὕφος.= =234= 12. _Woven stuff_, _a web_. Lat. _tela_. The word is used
metaphorically in Long. _de Subl._ i. 4 τοῦ ὅλου τῶν λόγων
ὕφους.

=ὑψηλός.= =92= 18, =172= 2, =180= 2, =182= 7. _Lofty_, _elevated_. Lat.
_sublimis_.

=φαντασία.= =230= 29. _Representation_, _image_. Lat. _imago_.

=φάρμακον.= =208= 17. _Colour_ (for painting). Lat. _pigmentum_. For
φάρμακα (= βάμματα, χρώματα) cp. Horace’s “lana Tarentino
violas imitata veneno” (_Ep._ ii. 1. 207).

=φάρυγξ.= =150= 7. _Throat._ Lat. _guttur_. Here used in the masculine
gender, according to the best-supported reading. Galen (on
Hippocr. _Progn._ p. 45), ὅτι φάρυγγα τὴν προκειμένην χώραν
στομάχου τε καὶ λάρυγγος ὀνομάζει δῆλόν ἐστι.

=φθαρτός.= =266= 9. _Perishable._ Lat. _mortalis_, _periturus_.

=φθόγγος.= =128= 4, =130= 12, =268= 10. _Sound_, _note_. Lat. _sonus_.

=φιλόκαλος.= =66= 16. _Loving beauty_, _artistic_. Lat. _pulchritudinis
studiosus_.

=φιλόλογος.= =264= 24. _Loving literature_, _literary_; _a scholar_.
Lat. _litterarum studiosus_; _litteratus_, _philologus_.

=φιλοπονία.= =264= 25. _Loving care_; _industry_. Lat. _diligentia_:
which (etymologically) contains the same suggestion of ‘work
done _con amore_.’

=φιλόσοφος.= =74= 8, =132= 22, =164= 22, =248= 15. _Philosopher._ Lat.
_philosophus_. The comprehensive sense in which philosophy
is understood may be illustrated from =φιλοσοφία= (=140= 12)
and =φιλοσοφεῖν= (=70= 12). Cp. in modern times such academic
vestiges of ancient usage as ‘Natural Philosophy’ or ‘Ph. D.’
In _Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme_ (ii. 4) rhetoric is taught by the
_Maître de Philosophie_; and Dionysius is fond of contrasting
the philosophical, or scientific, rhetoric (ἡ φιλόσοφος
ῥητορική) of the best Attic times with the later and purely
empirical Asiatic rhetoric, to which he applies the epithet
ἀμαθής. See further in D.H. p. 208.

=φιλοτεχνεῖν.= =154= 20, =200= 18. _To practise an art lovingly_, _to
be devoted to it_. Lat. _artem amare_, _in artem incumbere_. So
=φιλοτέχνως= =176= 18. φιλοτεχνεῖν, φιλότεχνος and φιλοτεχνία
are all used by Plato in reference to art pursued _con amore_;
and Cicero (_ad Att._ xiii. 40. 1) uses φιλοτέχνημα of an
elaborate work of art—a _chef-d’œuvre_: “Ubi igitur φιλοτέχνημα
illud tuum quod vidi in Parthenone, Ahalam et Brutum?”

=φιλοχωρεῖν.= =110= 5. _To cling to a place_, _to haunt it_. Lat.
_libenter in loco commorari_. φιλοχωρεῖν is used repeatedly
by Dionysius in the _Antiqq._ _Rom._ (e.g. i. 13 Ἀρκαδικὸν
γὰρ τὸ φιλοχωρεῖν ὄρεσιν and v. 63 παρεκελεύοντο ἀλλήλοις μὴ
φιλοχωρεῖν ἐν πόλει μηδενὸς αὐτοῖς ἀγαθοῦ μεταδιδούσῃ) and
φιλοχωρία in i. 27 (ὑπὸ τῆς φιλοχωρίας κρατουμένους). Plutarch
uses the word in reference to his birthplace Chaeroneia,
telling us that he ‘clung fondly to the spot,’ lest by leaving
it he should make a small place, but one which had witnessed
thrilling scenes, ‘smaller yet’ (ἡμεῖς δὲ μικρὰν οἰκοῦντες
πόλιν, καὶ ἵνα μὴ μικροτέρα γένηται φιλοχωροῦντες, Plut.
_Demosth._ c. 2). The form =χωροφιλεῖν= seems to occur twice
only in good Greek authors: (1) Antiphon _de Caede Herodis_ §
78 εἰ δ’ ἐν Αἴνῳ χωροφιλεῖ [probably it is to this passage that
Dionysius here refers]; (2) _Ep. Thaletis ap. Diog. L._ i. 44
σὺ μέντοι χωροφιλέων ὀλίγα φοιτέεις ἐς Ἰωνίην.

[Page 332]

=φλυαρία.= =264= 7, =268= 15. _Nonsense_, _foolery_. Lat. _nugae_,
_ineptiae_. So =φλυάρημα= (_futility_) =192= 9. Notwithstanding
the remarks in Stephanus, it would seem more natural to take
=φλύαρος= as an adjective (than as a noun) in =272= 20, 22,
and this for two reasons: (1) the form φλυαρία has been
used shortly before; (2) the adjectival use is sufficiently
established by Hesychius’ note (φαῦλος, εὐήθης) and by that of
Thom. M. p. 376 Ritschl (πολύλογος), while ἡ φλύαρος φιλοσοφία
occurs in the Septuagint (_Maccab._ iv. 5, 10) and καὶ ὅλως
ἀποδείκνυσι τὸν Πυθαγόρου λόγον φλύαρον in Plut. _Mor._ 169 E.

=φορά.= =144= 22, =204= 17, =244= 20. _Current_, _rush_. Lat. _cursus_,
_impetus_.

=φορτικός.= =252= 14. _Coarse_, _rude_. Lat. _insolens_, _importunus_,
_insulsus_.

=φράσις.= =84= 2, =166= 3, =182= 8, =206= 1, 15, =208= 7, =250= 14.
_Style_, _expression_. Lat. _elocutio_. Cp. Quintil. viii.
1. 1 “igitur, quam Graeci φράσιν vocant, Latine dicimus
_elocutionem_. ea spectatur verbis aut singulis aut coniunctis.”

=φριμαγμός.= =158= 14. _Snorting._ Lat. _fremitus_. It is hardly likely
that the word here means no more than βληχή, _bleating_.

=Φρύγιος.= =196= 1. _Phrygian._ Lat. _Phrygius_. Cp. Monro’s _Modes of
Ancient Greek Music_, passim.

=φυλακή.= =198= 6. _Preservation._ Lat. _conservatio_.—In the _de
Imitat._ B. vi. 3 the reading φυλακή (if correct) will
correspond to the middle φυλάττεσθαι (not to φυλάττειν).

=φυσικός.= =96= 23, =214= 3, =224= 5, =240= 8, etc. _Natural._ Lat.
_naturalis_. So =φυσικῶς= =200= 12. ὁ φυσικός, in =214= 3, =
‘the natural philosopher,’ ‘the physicist’ (of Empedocles). In
=134= 2 οὐδ’ ἔχει φύσιν τὸ πρᾶγμα ... πεσεῖν the meaning is
‘nor is the subject of such a nature that it can fall.’

=φωνή.= =130= 4, 21, =136= 22, =138= 7, etc. _Voice_, _sound_. Lat.
_vox_, _sonus_, _sonus vocalis_. Cp. =φωνεῖν= (‘to pronounce,’
etc.) =140= 1, 20, =144= 18, =148= 14.