Chapter VII: Part 7

The French Academy, after five years' consideration, began their
dictionary, on the 7th of February 1639, by examining the letter A,
which took them nine months to go through. The word Academie was for
some time omitted by oversight. They decided, on the 8th of March
1638, not to cite authorities, and they have since always claimed the
right of making their own examples. Olivier justifies them by saying
that for eighty years all the best writers belonged to their body, and
they could not be expected to cite each other. Their design was to
raise the language to its last perfection, and to open a road to reach
the highest eloquence. Antoine Furetiere, one of their members,
compiled a dictionary which he says cost him forty years' labour for
ten hours a day, and the manuscript filled fifteen chests. He gave
words of all kinds, especially technical, names of persons and places,
and phrases. As a specimen, he published his _Essai_, Paris, 1684,
4to; Amst. 1685, 12mo. The Academy charged him with using the
materials they had prepared for their dictionary, and expelled him, on
the 22nd of January 1685, for plagiarism. He died on the 14th of May
1688, in the midst of the consequent controversy and law suit. His
complete work was published, with a preface by Bayle, La Haye and
Rotterdam, 1690, fol., 3 vols.; again edited by Basnage de Beauval,
1701; La Haye, 1707, fol., 4 vols. From the edition of 1701 the very
popular so-called _Dictionnaire de Trevoux_, Trevoux, 1704, fol., 2
vols., was made by the Jesuits, who excluded everything that seemed to
favour the Calvinism of Basnage. The last of its many editions is
Paris, 1771, fol., 8 vols. The Academy's dictionary was first printed
Paris, 1694, fol., 2 vols. They began the revision in 1700; second
edition 1718, fol., 2 vols.; 3rd, 1740, fol., 2 vols.; 6th, 1835, 2
vols. 4to, reprinted 1855; Supplement, by F. Raymond, 1836, 4to;
Complement, 1842, 4to, reprinted 1856; _Dictionnaire historique_,
Paris, 1858-1865, 4to, 2 parts (A to Actu), 795 pages, published by
the Institut: Dochez, Paris, 1859, 4to: Bescherelle, ib. 1844, 4to, 2
vols.; 5th ed. Paris, 1857, 4to, 2 vols.; 1865; 1887: Landais, Paris,
1835; 12th ed. ib. 1854, 4to, 2 vols.: Littre, Paris, 1863-1873, 4to,
4 vols. 7118 pages: Supplement, Paris, 1877, 4to: Godefroy (with
dialects from 9th to 15th cent.), Paris, 1881-1895, and _Complement_:
Hatzfield, Darmesteter, and Thomas, Paris, 1890-1900: Larive and
Fleury, (_mots et choses, illustre_), Paris, 1884-1891.
ENGLISH.--Palsgrave, _Lesclaircissement de la langue francoyse_,
London, 1530, 4to, 2 parts; 1852: Hollyband, London, 1533, 4to:
Cotgrave, ib. 1611, fol.: Boyer, La Haye, 1702, 4to, 2 vols.; 37th ed.
Paris, 1851, 8vo, 2 vols.: Fleming and Tibbins, Paris, 1846-1849, 4to,
2 vols.; ib. 1854, 4to, 2 vols.; ib. 1870-1872, 4to, 2 vols.: Tarver,
London, 1853-1854, 8vo, 2 vols.; 1867-1872: Bellows, Gloucester, 1873,
16mo; ib. 1876. IDEOLOGICAL, OR ANALOGICAL.--Robertson, Paris, 1859,
8vo: Boissiere, Paris, 1862, 8vo. ETYMOLOGY.--Lebon, Paris, 1571, 8vo:
Menage, ib. 1650, 4to. Pougens projected a _Tresor des origines_, his
extracts for which, filling nearly 100 volumes folio, are in the
library of the Institut. He published a specimen, Paris, 1819, 4to.
After his death, _Archeologie francaise_, Paris, 1821, 8vo, 2 vols.,
was compiled from his MSS., which were much used by Littre: Scheler,
Bruxelles, 1862, 8vo; 1873: Brachet, 2nd ed. Paris, 1870, 12mo;
English trans. Kitchin, Oxf. 1866, 8vo. GREEK WORDS.--Trippault,
Orleans, 1580, 8vo: Morin, Paris, 1809, 8vo. GERMAN WORDS.--Atzler,
Cothen, 1867, 8vo. ORIENTAL WORDS.--Pihan, Paris, 1847, 8vo; 1866:
Devic, ib. 1876, 8vo. NEOLOGY.--Desfontaines, 3rd ed. Amst. 1728,
12mo: Mercier, Paris, 1801, 8vo, 2 vols.: Richard, ib. 1842, 8vo; 2nd
ed. 1845. POETIC.--_Dict. des rimes_ (by La Noue), Geneve, 1596, 8vo;
Cologny, 1624, 8vo: Carpentier, _Le Gradus francais_, Paris, 1825,
8vo, 2 vols. EROTIC.--De Landes, Bruxelles, 1861, 12mo.
ORATORY.--Demandre and Fontenai, Paris, 1802, 8vo: Planche, ib.
1819-1820, 8vo, 3 vols. PRONUNCIATION.--Feline, ib. 1857, 8vo. DOUBLE
FORMS.--Brachet, ib. 1871, 8vo. EPITHETS.--Daire, ib. 1817, 8vo.
VERBS.--Bescherelle, ib. 1855, 8vo, 2 vols.: 3rd ed. 1858.
PARTICIPLES.--Id., ib. 1861, 12mo. DIFFICULTIES.--Boiste, London,
1828, 12mo: Laveaux, Paris, 1872, 8vo, 843 pages.
SYNONYMS.--Boinvilliers, Paris, 1826, 8vo: Lafaye, ib. 1858, 8vo;
1861; 1869: Guizot, ib. 1809, 8vo; 6th ed. 1863; 1873.
HOMONYMS.--Zlatagorski (Germ., Russian, Eng.), Leipzig, 1862, 8vo, 664
pages. IMITATIVE WORDS.--Nodier, _Onomatopees_, ib. 1828, 8vo.
TECHNOLOGY.--D'Hautel, ib. 1808, 8vo, 2 vols.: Desgranges, ib. 1821,
8vo: Tolhausen (Fr., Eng., Germ.), Leipz. 1873, 8vo, 3 vols. FAULTS OF
EXPRESSION.--Roland, Gap, 1823, 8vo: Blondin, Paris, 1823, 8vo.
PARTICULAR AUTHORS.--_Corneille_: Godefroy, ib. 1862, 8vo, 2 vols.:
Marty-Laveaux, ib. 1868, 8vo, 2 vols. _La Fontaine_: Lorin, ib. 1852,
8vo. _Malherbe_: Regnier, ib. 1869, 8vo. _Moliere_: Genin, ib. 1846,
8vo: Marty-Laveaux, ib. 8vo. _Racine_: Marty-Laveaux, ib. 1873, 8vo, 2
vols. _M^me de Sevigne_: Sommer, ib. 1867, 8vo, 2 vols. OLD
FRENCH.--La Curne de St Palaye prepared a dictionary, of which he only
published _Projet d'un glossaire_, Paris, 1756, 4to. His MSS. in many
volumes are in the National Library, and were much used by Littre.
They were printed by L. Favre, and fasciculi 21-30 (tom. iii.), Niort,
4to, 484 pages, were published in February 1877. Lacombe (vieux
langage), Paris, 1766, 2 vols. 4to: Kelham (Norman and Old French),
London, 1779, 8vo: Roquefort (langue romane), Paris, 1808, 8vo;
Supplement, ib. 1820, 8vo: Pougens, _Archeologie_, ib. 1821, 8vo, 2
vols.: Burguy, Berlin, 1851-1856, 8vo, 3 vols.: Laborde (_Notice des
emaux ... du Louvre_, part ii.), Paris, 1853, 8vo, 564 pages:[3]
Gachet (rhymed chronicles), Bruxelles, 1859, 4to: Le Hericher (Norman,
English and French), Paris, 1862, 3 vols. 8vo: Hippeau (12th and 13th
centuries), Paris, 1875, 8vo. DIALECTS.--Jaubert (central), Paris,
1856-1857, 8vo, 2 vols.: Baumgarten (north and centre), Coblentz,
1870, 8vo: Azais, _Idiomes romans du midi_, Montpellier, 1877.
_Austrasian_: Francois. Metz, 1773, 8vo. _Auvergne_: Mege, Riom, 1861,
12mo. _Bearn_: Lespi, Pau, 1858, 8vo. _Beaucaire_: Bonnet (Bouguiren),
Nismes, 1840, 8vo. _Pays de Bray_: Decorde, Neufchatel, 1852, 8vo.
_Burgundy_: Mignard, Dijon, 1870, 8vo. _Pays de Castres_: Couzinie,
Castres, 1850, 4to. _Dauphine_: Champollion-Figeac, Paris, 1809, 8vo:
Jules, Valence, 1835, 8vo; Paris, 1840, 4to. _Dep. of Doubs_: Tissot
(Patois des Fourg, arr. de Pontarlier) Besancon, 1865, 8vo. _Forez_:
Gras, Paris, 1864, 8vo; Neolas, Lyon, 1865, 8vo. _Franche Comte_:
Maisonforte, 2nd ed. Besancon, 1753, 8vo. _Gascony_: Desgrouais
(Gasconismes corriges), Toulouse, 1766, 8vo; 1769; 1812, 12mo, 2
vols.; 1825, 8vo, 2 vols. _Dep. of Gers_: Cenac-Montaut, Paris, 1863,
8vo. _Geneva_: Humbert, Geneve, 1820, 8vo. _Languedoc_: Odde, Tolose,
1578, 8vo: Doujat, Toulouse, 1638, 8vo: De S.[auvages], Nismes, 1756,
2 vols.; 1785; Alais, 1820: Azais, Beziers, 1876, &c., 8vo: Hombres,
Alais, 1872, 4to: Thomas (_Greek words_) Montpellier, 1843, 4to.
_Liege_: Forir, Liege, 1866, 8vo, vol i. 455 pages. _Lille_: Vermesse,
Lille, 1861, 12mo: Debuire du Buc ib., 1867, 8vo. _Limousin_: Beronie,
ed. Vialle (Correze), Tulle, 1823, 4to. _Lyonnais, Forez,
Beaujolais_: Onofrio, Lyon, 1864, 8vo. _Haut Maine_: R[aoul] de
M.[ontesson], Paris, 1857; 1859, 503 pages. _Mentone_: Andrews, Nice,
1877, 12mo. _Dep. de la Meuse_: Cordier, Paris, 1853, 8vo. _Norman_:
Edelestand and Alfred Dumeril, Caen, 1849, 8vo: Dubois, ib. 1857, 8vo:
Le Hericher (_Philologie topographique_), Caen, 1863, 4to: Id.
(elements scandinaves), Avranches, 1861, 12mo: Metivier (Guernsey),
London, 1870, 8vo: Vasnier (arrond de Pont Audemer), Rouen, 1861, 8vo:
Delboulle (Vallee d'Yeres), Le Havre, 1876. _Picardy_: Corblet,
Amiens, 1851, 8vo. _Poitou, Saintonge, Aunis_: Favre, Niort, 1867,
8vo. _Poitou_: Beauchet-Filleau, Paris, 1864, 8vo: Levrier, Niort,
1867, 8vo: Lalanne, Poitiers, 1868, 8vo. _Saintonge_: Boucherie,
Angouleme, 1865, 8vo: Jonain, Royan, 1867, 8vo. _Savoy_: Pont
(Terratzu de la Tarantaise), Chambery, 1869, 8vo. _La Suisse Romande_:
Bridel, Lausanne, 1866, 8vo. _Dep. of Tarn_: Gary, Castre, 1845, 8vo.
_Dep. of Vaucluse_: Barjavel, Carpentras, 1849, 8vo. _Walloon
(Rouchi)_: Cambresier, Liege, 1787, 8vo: Grandgagnage, ib. 1845-1850,
8vo. 2 vols.: Chavee, Paris, 1857, 18mo: Vermesse, Doudi, 1867, 8vo.
Sigart (_Montois_), Bruxelles, 1870, 8vo. SLANG.--Oudin, _Curiositez
Francaises_, Paris, 1640, 8vo: Baudeau de Saumaise (Precieuses, Langue
de Ruelles), Paris, 1660, 12mo; ed. Livet, ib. 1856: Le Roux, _Dict.
Comique_, Amst. 1788, and 6 other editions: Careme Prenant [i.e.
Taumaise], (argot reforme), Paris, 1829, 8vo: Larchey (excentricitees
du langage), Paris, 1860, 12mo; 5th ed. 1865: Delvau (langue verte,
Parisian), Paris, 1867, 8vo: Larchey, Paris, 1873, 4to, 236 pages.

Provencal.--Pallas, Avignon, 1723, 4to: Bastero, _La Crusca
Provenzale_, Roma, 1724, fol. vol. i. only: Raynouard, Paris,
1836-1844, 8vo, 6 vols.: Garcin, Draguignand, 1841, 8vo, 2 vols.:
Honnorat, Digne, 1846-1849, 4to, 4 vols. 107,201 words: Id., _Vocab.
fr. prov._, ib. 1848, 12mo, 1174 pages.

Spanish.--Covarruvias Orosco, Madrid, 1611, fol.: ib. 1673-1674, fol.
2 vols.; Academia Espanola, Madrid, 1726-1739, fol. 6 vols.; 8th ed.
1837: Caballero, Madrid, 1849, fol.; 8th ed. ib. 1860, 4to, 2 vols.:
Cuesta, ib. 1872, fol. 2 vols.: Campano, Paris, 1876, 18mo, 1015
pages. Cuervo, 1886-1894; Monlau, 1881; Zerola, Toro y Gomes, and
Isaza, 1895; Serrano (encyclopaedic) 1876-1881. ENGLISH.--Percivall,
London, 1591, 4to: Pineda, London, 1740, fol.: Connelly and Higgins,
Madrid, 1797-1798, 4to, 4 vols.: Neuman and Baretti, 9th ed. London,
1831, 8vo, 2 vols.; 1874. FRENCH.--Oudin, Paris, 1607, 4to, 1660;
Gattel, Lyon, 1803, 4to, 2 vols.: Dominguez, Madrid, 1846, 8vo, 6
vols.: Blanc, Paris, 1862, 8vo, 2 vols. GERMAN.--Wagener, Hamb.
1801-1805, 8vo, 4 vols.: Seckendorp, ib. 1823, 8vo, 3 vols.:
Franceson, 3rd ed. Leipzig, 1862, 8vo, 2 vols. ITALIAN.--Franciosini,
Venezia, 1735, 8vo, 2 vols.; Cormon y Manni, Leon, 1843, 16mo, 2
vols.: Romero, Madrid, 1844, 4to. SYNONYMS.--_Diccionario de
Sinonimos_, Paris, 1853, 4to. ETYMOLOGY.--Aldrete, Madrid, 1682, fol.:
Monlau y Roca, ib. 1856, 12mo; Barcia, 1881-1883. ARABIC
WORDS.--Hammer Purgstall, Wien, 1855, 8vo: Dozy and Engelmann, 2d ed.
Leiden, 1869, 8vo. ANCIENT.--Sanchez, Paris, 1842, 8vo.
RHYMING.--Garcia de Rengifo (consonancias) Salmantica, 1592, 4to;
1876. DON QUIXOTE.--Beneke (German), Leipzig, 1800, 16mo; 4th ed.
Berlin, 1841, 16mo. DIALECTS.--_Aragonese_: Peralta, Zaragoza, 1836,
8vo: Borao, ib. 1859, 4to. _Catalan_: Rocha de Girona (Latin),
Barcinone, 1561, fol.: _Dictionari Catala_ (Lat. Fr. Span.),
Barcelona, 1642, 8vo: Lacavalleria (Cat.-Lat.), ib. 1696, fol.:
Esteve, ed. Belvitges, &c. (Catal.-Sp. Lat.), Barcelona, 1805-1835,
fol. 2 vols.: Saura (Cat.-Span.), ib. 1851, 16mo; 2nd ed.(Span.-Cat.),
ib. 1854; 3rd ed. (id.) ib. 1862, 8vo: Labernia, ib. 1844-1848, 8vo, 2
vols. 1864. _Gallegan_: Rodriguez, Coruna, 1863, 4to: Cuveira y Pinol,
Madrid, 1877, 8vo. Majorca: Figuera, Palma, 1840, 4to: Amengual, ib.
1845, 4to. _Minorca_: _Diccionario_, Madrid, 1848, 8vo. _Valencian_:
Palmyreno, Valentiae, 1569: Ros, Valencia, 1764, 8vo: Fuster, ib.
1827, 8vo: Lamarca, 2nd ed. ib. 1842, 16mo. _Cuba_: _Glossary of
Creole Words_, London, 1840, 8vo: Pichardo, 1836; 2nd ed. Havana,
1849, 8vo; 3rd ed. ib. 1862, 8vo; Madrid, 1860, 4to.

Portuguese.--Lima, Lisbon, 1783, 4to: Moraes da Silva, ib. 1789, 4to,
2 vols.; 6th ed. 1858: Academia real das Sciencas, ib. 1793, tom. i.,
ccvi. and 544 pages (A to Azurrar); Faria, ib. 1849, fol. 2 vols.; 3rd
ed. ib. 1850-1857, fol. 2 vols. 2220 pages. ENGLISH.--Vieyra, London,
1773, 2 vols. 4to: Lacerda, Lisboa, 1866-1871, 4to, 2 vols.
FRENCH.--Marquez, Lisboa, 1756-1761, fol. 2 vols.: Roquette, Paris,
1841, 8vo, 2 vols.; 4th ed. 1860: Marques, Lisbonne, 1875, fol. 2
vols.: Souza Pinto, Paris, 1877, 32mo, 1024 pages. GERMAN.--Wagener,
Leipzig, 1811-1812, 8vo, 2 vols.: Wollheim, ib. 1844, 12mo, 2 vols.:
Bosche, Hamburg, 1858, 8vo, 2 vols. 1660 pages. ITALIAN.--Costa e Sa,
Lisboa, 1773-1774, fol. 2 vols. 1652 pages: Prefumo, Lisboa, 1853,
8vo, 1162 pages. ANCIENT.--Joaquim de Sancta Rosa de Viterbo, ib.
1798, fol. 2 vols.; 1824, 8vo. ARABIC WORDS.--Souza, ib. 1789, 4to;
2nd ed. by S. Antonio Moura, ib. 1830, 224 pages. ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN
WORDS, NOT ARABIC.--Sao Luiz, ib. 1837, 4to, 123 pages. FRENCH
WORDS.--Id., ib. 1827, 4to; 2nd ed. Rio de Janeiro, 1835, 8vo.
SYNONYMS.--Id., ib. 1821, 4to; 2nd ed. ib. 1824-1828, 8vo. Fonseca,
Paris, 1833, 8vo; 1859, 18mo, 863 pages. HOMONYMS.--De Couto, Lisboa,
1842, fol. POETIC.--Luzitano (i.e. Freire), ib. 1765, 8vo, 2 vols.;
3rd ed. ib. 1820, 4to, 2 vols. RHYMING.--Couto Guerreiro, Lisboa,
1763, 4to. NAVAL.--Tiberghien, Rio de Janeiro, 1870, 8vo.
CEYLON-PORTUGUESE.--Fox, Colombo, 1819, 8vo: Callaway, ib. 1823, 8vo.

Italian.--Accarigi, _Vocabulario_, Cento, 1543, 4to: Alunno, _La_
_fabrica del mundo_, Vinezia, 1548, fol.: Porccachi, Venetia, 1588,
fol.: Accademici della Crusca, _Vocabulario_, Venez. 1612, fol.; 4th
ed. Firenze, 1729-1738, fol. 6 vols.: Costa and Cardinali, Bologna,
1819-1826, 4to, 7 vols.: Tommaseo and Bellini, Torino, 1861, &c., 4to,
4 vols.: Petrocchi, 1884-1891. ENGLISH.--Thomas, London, 1598, 4to:
Florio, London, 1598, 4to, 1611: Baretti, London, 1794, 2 vols.: 1854,
8vo, 2 vols.: Petronj and Davenport, Londra, 1828, 8vo, 3 vols.:
Grassi, Leipz. 1854, 12mo: Millhouse, Lond., 1868, 8vo, 2 vols. 1348
pages. FRENCH.--Alberti, Paris, 1771, 4to, 2 vols.; Milan, 1862:
Barberi, Paris, 1838, 4to, 2 vols.: Renzi, Paris, 1850, 8vo.
GERMAN.--_Libro utilissimo_, Venetiis, 1499, 4to: Valentini, Leipzig,
1834-1836, 4to, 4 vols. ETYMOLOGY.--Menage, Geneva, 1685, fol.: Bolza,
Vienna, 1852, 4to. PROVENCAL WORDS.--Nannucci, Firenze, 1840, 8vo.
SYNONYMS.--Rabbi, Venezia, 1774, 4to; 10th ed. 1817; Tommaseo,
Firenze, 1839-1840, 4to, 2 vols.: Milano, 1856, 8vo; 1867.
VERBS.--Mastrofini, Roma, 1814, 4to, 2 vols. SELECT WORDS AND
PHRASES.--Redi, Brescia, 1769, 8vo. INCORRECT WORDS AND
PHRASES.--Molassi, Parma, 1830-1841, 8vo, 854 pages. SUPPOSED
GALLICISMS.--Viani, Firenze, 1858-1860, 8vo, 2 vols. ADDITIONS TO THE
DICTIONARIES.--Gherardini, Milano, 1819-1821, 8vo, 2 vols.; ib.
1852-1857, 8vo, 6 vols. RHYMING.--Falco, Napoli, 1535, 4to: Ruscelli,
Venetia, 1563, 8vo; 1827: Stigliani, Roma, 1658, 8vo: Rosasco, Padova,
1763, 4to; Palermo, 1840, 8vo. TECHNICAL.--Bonavilla-Aquilino, Mil.
1819-1821, 8vo, 5 vols.; 2nd ed. 1829-1831, 4to, 2 vols.: Vogtberg
(Germ.), Wein, 1831, 8vo. PARTICULAR AUTHORS.--_Boccaccio_: Aluno, _Le
ricchezze della lingua volgare_, Vinegia, 1543. fol. _Dante_: Blanc,
Leipzig, 1852, 8vo; Firenze, 1859, 8vo. DIALECTS.--_Bergamo_:
Gasparini, Mediol. 1565: Zappetini, Bergamo, 1859, 8vo: Tiraboschi
(anc. and mod.), Turin, 1873, 8vo. _Bologna_: Bumaldi, Bologna, 1660,
12mo: Ferrari, ib. 1820, 8vo; 1838, 4to. _Brescia_: Gagliardi,
Brescia, 1759, 8vo: Melchiori, ib. 1817-1820, 8vo: _Vocabularietto_,
ib. 1872, 4to. _Como_: Monti, Milano, 1845, 8vo. _Ferrara_: Manini,
Ferrara, 1805, 8vo: Azzi, ib. 1857, 8vo. _Friuli_: Scala, Pordenone,
1870, 8vo. _Genoa_: Casaccia, Gen. 1842-1851, 8vo; 1873, &c.:
Paganini, ib. 1857, 8vo. _Lombardy_: Margharini, Tuderti, 1870, 8vo.
_Mantua_: Cherubini, Milano, 1827, 4to. _Milan_: Varon, ib. 1606, 8vo:
Cherubini, ib. 1814, 8vo, 2 vols.; 1841-1844, 8vo, 4 vols.; 1851-1861,
8vo, 5 vols.: Banfi, ib. 1857, 8vo: 1870, 8vo. _Modena_: Galvani,
Modena, 1868, 8vo. _Naples_: Galiani, Napoli, 1789, 12mo, 2 vols.
_Parma_: Peschieri, Parma, 1828-1831, 8vo, 3 vols. 1840; Malespina,
ib. 1856, 8vo, 2 vols. _Pavia_: _Dizionario domestico pavese_, Pavia,
1829, 8vo: Gambini, ib. 1850, 4to, 346 pages. _Piacenza_: Nicolli,
Piacenza, 1832: Foresti, ib. 1837-1838, 8vo, 2 pts. _Piedmont_: Pino,
Torino, 1784, 4to: Capello (Fr.), Turin, 1814, 8vo, 2 pts.: Zalli
(Ital. Lat. Fr.), Carmagnola, 1815, 8vo, 2 vols: Sant' Albino, Torino,
1860, 4to. _Reggio_: _Vocabulario Reggiano_, 1832. _Romagna_: Morri,
Fienza, 1840. _Rome_: _Raccolto di voci Romani e Marchiani_, Osimo,
1769, 8vo. _Roveretano and Trentino_: Azzolini, Venezia, 1856, 8vo.
_Sardinia_: Porru, Casteddu, 1832, fol.: Spano, Cagliari, 1851-1852,
fol. 3 vols. _Sicily_: Bono (It. Lat.), Palermo, 1751-1754, 4to, 3
vols.; 1783-1785, 4to, 5 vols.: Pasqualino, ib. 1785-1795, 4to, 5
vols.: Mortillaro, ib. 1853, 4to, 956 pages: Biundi, ib. 1857, 12mo,
578 pages: Traina, ib. 1870, 8vo. _Siena_: Barbagli, Siena, 1602, 4to.
_Taranto_: Vincentiis, Taranto, 1872, 8vo. _Turin_: Somis di Chavrie,
Torino, 1843, 8vo. _Tuscany_: Luna, Napoli, 1536, 4to: Politi, Roma,
1604, 8vo; Venezia, 1615; 1628; 1665; Paulo, ib. 1740, 4to. _Vaudois_:
Callet, Lausanne, 1862, 12mo. _Venetian_: Patriarchi (_Veneziano e
padevano_), Padova, 1755, 4to; 1796, 1821: Boerio, Venezia, 1829, 4to;
1858-1859; 1861. _Verona_: Angeli, Verona, 1821, 8vo. _Vicenza_:
Conti, Vicenza, 1871, 8vo. LINGUA FRANCA.--_Dictionnaire de la langue
Franque, ou Petit Mauresque_, Marseille, 1830, 16mo, 107 pages.
SLANG.--Sabio (lingua Zerga), Venetia, 1556, 8vo; 1575: _Trattato
degli bianti_, Pisa, 1828, 8vo.

Romansh.--_Promptuario de voci volgari e Latine_, Valgrisii, 1565,
4to: _Der, die, das, oder Nomenclatura_ (German nouns explained in
Rom.), Scoul, 1744, 8vo: Conradi, Zurich, 1820, 8vo; 1826, 12mo, 2
vols.: Carisch, Chur, 1821, 8vo; 1852, 16mo.

Vlach.--_Lesicon Rumanese_ (Lat. Hung. Germ.), Budae, 1825, 4to: Bobb
(Lat. Hung.), Clus, 1822-1823, 4to, 2 vols. FRENCH.--Vaillant,
Boucoureshti, 1840, 8vo: Poyenar, Aaron and Hill, Boucourest,
1840-1841, 4to, 2 vols.; Jassi, 1852, 16mo, 2 vols.: De Pontbriant,
Bucuresci, 1862, 8vo: Cihac, Frankf. 1870, 8vo: Costinescu, Bucuresci,
1870, 8vo, 724 pages: Antonescu, Bucharest, 1874, 16mo, 2 vols. 919
pages. GERMAN.--Clemens, Hermanstadt, 1823, 8vo: Isser, Kronstadt,
1850: Polyzu, ib. 1857, 8vo.

TEUTONIC: (1) _Scandinavian._

Icelandic.--LATIN.--Andreae, Havniae, 1683, 8vo: Halderson (Lat.
Danish), ib. 1814, 4to, 2 vols. ENGLISH.--Cleasby-Vigfusson, Oxford,
1874, 4to. GERMAN.--Dieterich, Stockholm, 1844, 8vo: Mobius, Leipzig,
1866, 8vo. DANISH.--Jonssen, Kjobenhavn, 1863, 8vo. NORWEGIAN.--Kraft,
Christiania, 1863, 8vo: Fritzner, Kristiania, 1867, 8vo.
POETIC.--Egilsson (Latin), Hafniae, 1860, 8vo; 1864.

Swedish.--Kindblad, Stockholm, 1840, 4to: Almqvist, Orebro, 1842-1844,
8vo: Dalin, _Ordbog._ Stockholm, 1850-1853, 8vo, 2 vols. 1668 pages;
1867, &c. 4to (vol. i. ii., A to Fjermare, 928 pages): Id.,
_Handordbog_, ib. 1868, 12mo, 804 pages; Svenska Academien. Stockholm,
1870, 4to (A) pp. 187. LATIN.--Stjernhjelm, Holm, 1643, 4to: Verelius,
Upsala, 1691, 8vo: Ihre (Sueo-Gothicum), Upsala, 1769, fol. 2 vols.
ENGLISH.--Serenius, Nykoping, 1757, 4to: Brisnon, Upsala, 1784, 4to:
Widegren, Stockholm, 1788, 4to; Brisman, Upsala, 1801, 4to; 3rd ed.
1815, 2 vols.: Deleen Orebro, 1829, 8vo: Granberg, ib. 1832, 12mo:
Nilssen, Widmark, &c., Stockholm, 1875, 8vo. FRENCH.--Moller,
Stockholm, 1745, 4to: Bjorkengren, ib. 1795, 2 vols.: Nordforss, ib.
1805, 8vo, 2 vols.: 2nd ed. Orebro, 1827, 12mo: West, Stockh. 1807,
8vo: Dalin, ib. 1842-1843, 4to, 2 vols.; 1872. GERMAN.--Dahnert,
Holmiae, 1746, 4to: Heinrich, Christiansund, 1814, 4to, 2 vols.; 4th
ed. Orebro, 1841, 12mo: Helms, Leipzig, 1858, 8vo; 1872.
DANISH.--Host, Kjobenhavn, 1799, 4to: Welander, Stockholm, 1844, 8vo:
Dalin, ib. 1869, 16mo: Kaper, Kjobenhavn, 1876, 16mo.
ETYMOLOGY.--Tamm, Upsala, 1874, &c., 8vo (A and B), 200 pages. FOREIGN
WORDS.--Sahlstedt, Wasteras, 1769, 8vo: Andersson (20,000), Stockholm,
1857, 16mo: Tullberg, ib. 1868, 8vo: Ekbohrn, ib. 1870, 12mo: Dalin,
ib. 1870, &c., 8vo. SYNONYMS.--Id., ib. 1870, 12mo. NAVAL.--Ramsten,
ib. 1866, 8vo. TECHNICAL.--Jungberg, ib. 1873, 8vo. DIALECTS.--Ihre,
Upsala, 1766, 4to: Rietz, Lund, 1862-1867, 4to, 859 pages. _Bohuslan_:
_Idioticon Bohusiense_, Gotaborg, 1776, 4to. _Dalecarlia_: Arborelius,
Upsala, 1813, 4to. _Gothland_: Hof (Sven), Stockholmiae, 1772, 8vo:
Raaf (Ydre), Orebro, 1859, 8vo. _Halland_: Moller, Lund, 158, 8vo.
_Helsingland_: Lenstrom, ib. 1841, 8vo: Fornminnessallskap,
Hudikswall, 1870, 8vo.

Norwegian.--Jenssen, Kjobenhavn, 1646, 8vo: Pontoppidan, Bergen, 1749,
8vo: Hanson (German), Christiania, 1840, 8vo: Aasen, ib. 1873, 8vo,
992 pages.

Danish.--Aphelen, Kopenh, 1764, 4to, 2 vols.; 1775, 4to, 3 vols.:
Molbech, Kjobenhavn, 1833, 8vo, 2 vols.: ib. 1859, 2 vols.:
Videnskabernes Selskab, ib. 1793-1865, Kalkar. ENGLISH.--Berthelson
(Eng. Dan.), 1754, 4to: Wolff, London, 1779, 4to. Bay, ib. 1807, 8vo,
2 vols.; 1824, 8vo: Hornbeck, ib. 1863, 8vo: Ferrall and Repp, ib.
1814, 16mo; 1873, 8vo: Rosing, Copenhagen, 1869, 8vo: Ancker, ib.
1874, 8vo. FRENCH.--Aphelen, 1754, 8vo: Id., ib. 1759, 4to, 2 vols.;
2nd ed. 1772-1777, vol. i. ii. GERMAN.--Id., ib. 1764, 4to, 2 vols.:
Gronberg, 2nd ed. Kopenh. 1836-1839, 12mo, 2 vols.; 1851, Helms,
Leipzig, 1858, 8vo. SYNONYMS.--Muller, Kjobenhavn, 1853, 8vo. FOREIGN
WORDS.--Hansen, Christiania, 1842, 12mo. NAVAL.--Wilsoet, Copenhagen,
1830, 8vo: Fisker (French), Kjobenhavn, 1839, 8vo. OLD
DANISH.--Molbech, ib. 1857-1868, 8vo, 2 vols. DIALECTS.--Id., ib.
1841, 8vo. _Bornholm_: Adler, _ib._ 1856, 8vo. _South Jutland_: Kok,
1867, 8vo. SLANG.--Kristiansen (Gadesproget), ib. 1866, 8vo. p. 452.

(2) _Germanic._

Teutonic.--COMPARATIVE.--Meidinger, Frankf. a. M. 1833, 8vo, 2nd ed.
1836, 8vo.

Gothic.--Junius, Dortrecht, 1665, 4to: 1671; 1684, Diefenbach
(comparative), Franckf. a. M. 1846-1851, 2 vols. 8vo: Schulze,
Magdeburg, 1848, 4to: 1867, 8vo: Skeat, London, 1868, 4to: Balg
(_Comparative Glossary_), Magvike, Wisconsin, 1887-1889. ULPHILAS
(editions with dictionaries).--Castilionaeus, Mediol, 1829, 4to:
Gabelentz and Lobe, Altenburg, 1836-1843, 4to, 2 vols.: Gaugengigl,
Passau, 1848, 8vo: Stamm, Paderborn, 1857: Stamm and Heyne, ib. 1866,
8vo.

Anglo-Saxon.--LATIN.--Somner (Lat. Eng.), Oxonii, 1659, fol.: Benson,
ib. 1701, 8vo: Lye (A.-S. and Gothic), London, 1772, fol. 2 vols.:
Ettmuller, Quedlinburg, 1851, 8vo. 838 pages. ENGLISH.--Bosworth,
London, 1838, 8vo, 721 pages: Id. (_Compendious_), 1848, 278 pages.
Corson (A.-S. and Early English), New York, 1871, 8vo, 587 pages;
Toller (based on Bosworth), Oxford, 1882-1898. GERMAN.--Bouterwek,
Gutersloh, 1850, 8vo, 418 pages: Grein (Poets), Gottingen, 1861-1863,
8vo, 2 vols.: Leo, Halle, 1872, 8vo.

English.--Cockeram, London, 1623, 8vo: 9th ed. 1650: Blount, ib. 1656,
8vo: Philips, The new World of Words, London, 1658, fol.: Bailey,
London, 1721, 8vo; 2nd ed. ib. 1736, fol.; 24th ed. ib. 1782, 8vo:
Johnson, ib. 1755, fol. 2 vols.; ed. Todd, London, 1818, 4to, 4 vols.;
ib. 1827. 4to, 3 vols.; ed. Latham, ib. 1866-1874, 4to, 4 vols. (2 in
4 parts): Barclay, London, 1774, 4to; ed. Woodward, ib. 1848:
Sheridan, ib. 1780, 4to, 2 vols.: Webster, New York, 1828, 4to, 2
vols.; London, 1832, 4to, 2 vols.; ed. Goodrich and Porter, 1865, 4to:
Richardson, ib. 1836, 4to, 2 vols.; Supplement, 1856: Ogilvie,
_Imperial Dictionary_, Glasgow, 1850-1855, 8vo, 3 vols. (the new
edition of Ogilvie by Charles Annandale, 4 vols., 1882, was an
encyclopaedic dictionary, which served to some extent as the
foundation of the _Century Dictionary_); Boag, _Do._, Edinburgh,
1852-1853, 8vo, 2 vols.: Craik, ib. 1856, 8vo: Worcester, Boston,
1863, 4to. Stormouth and Bayne, 1885; Murray and Bradley, _The Oxford
English Dictionary_, 1884- ; Whitney, _The Century Dict._, New York,
1889-1891; Porter, _Webster's Internat. Dict._, Springfield,
Massachusetts, 1890; Funk, _Standard Dict._, New York, 1894; Hunter,
_The Encyclopaedic Dict._, 1879-1888. ETYMOLOGY.--Skinner, Londini,
1671, fol.: Junius, Oxonii, 1743, fol.: Wedgewood, London, 1859-1865,
3 vols.; ib. 1872, 8vo. Skeat, Oxford, 1881; Fennell (Anglicized
words), Camb. 1892. PRONOUNCING.--Walker, London, 1774, 4to: by Smart,
2nd ed. ib. 1846, 8vo. PRONOUNCING IN GERMAN.--Hausner, Frankf. 1793,
8vo; 3rd ed. 1807; Winkelmann, Berlin, 1818, 8vo: Voigtmann, Coburg,
1835, 8vo: Albert, Leipz. 1839, 8vo: Bassler, ib. 1840, 16mo.
ANALYTICAL.--Booth, Bath, 1836, 4to: Roget, _Thesaurus_, London, 1852,
8vo; 6th ed. 1857; Boston, 1874. SYNONYMS.--Piozzi, London, 1794, 8vo,
2 vols.: L. [abarthe], Paris, 1803, 8vo, 2 vols.: Crabb, London,
1823, 8vo; 11th ed. 1859: C. J. Smith, ib. 1871, 8vo, 610 pages.
REDUPLICATED WORDS.--Wheatley, ib. 1866, 8vo. SURNAMES.--Arthur, New
York, 1857, 12mo, about 2600 names: Lower, ib. 1860, 4to.
PARTICLES.--Le Febure de Villebrune, Paris, 1774, 8vo.
RHYMING.--Levins, _Manipulus Puerorum_, London, 1570, 4to; ed.
Wheatley, ib. 1867, 8vo: Walker, London, 1775, 8vo; 1865, 8vo.
SHAKESPEARE.--Nares, Berlin, 1822, 4to; ed. Halliwell and Wright,
London, 1859, 8vo: Schmidt, Berlin, 1874. OLD ENGLISH.--Spelman,
London [1626], fol. (A to I only); 1664 (completed); 1687 (best ed.):
Coleridge (1250-1300), ib. 1859, 8vo: Stratmann (Early Eng.), Krefeld,
1867, 8vo; 2nd ed. 1873, 4to: Bradley (new edition of Stratman),
Oxford, 1891; Matzner and Bieling, Berlin, 1878- . OLD AND
PROVINCIAL.--Halliwell, London, 1844-1846, 8vo; 2nd ed. ib. 1850, 2
vols.: 6th ed. 1904: Wright, ib. 1857, 8vo, 2 vols.; 1862.
DIALECTS.--Ray, ib. 1674, 12mo: Grose, ib. 1787, 8vo; 1790: Holloway,
Lewes, 1840, 8vo; Wright, _Eng. Dialect Dict._, London, 1898-1905, 28
vols. _Scotch_: Jamieson, Edin. 1806, 4to, 2 vols.; Supplement, 1826,
2 vols.; abridged by Johnstone, ib. 1846, 8vo: Brown, Edin, 1845, 8vo:
Motherby (German), Konigsberg, 1826-1828, 8vo: (_Shetland and
Orkney_), Edmonston, London, 1866, 8vo: (_Banffshire_), Gregor, ib.
1866, 8vo. _North Country_: Brockett, London, 1839, 8vo, 2 vols.
_Berkshire_: [Lousley] ib. 1852, 8vo, _Cheshire_: Wilbraham, ib. 1817,
4to; 1826, 12mo: Leigh, Chester, 1877, 8vo. _Cumberland_: _Glossary_,
ib. 1851, 12mo: Dickenson, Whitehaven, 1854, 12mo; Supplement, 1867:
Ferguson (Scandinavian Words), London, 1856, 8vo. _Derbyshire_: Hooson
(mining), Wrexham, 1747, 8vo: Sleigh, London, 1865, 8vo. _Dorset_:
Barnes, Berlin, 1863, 8vo. _Durham_: [Dinsdale] (Teesdale), London,
1849, 12mo. _Gloucestershire_: Huntley (Cotswold), ib. 1868, 8vo.
_Herefordshire_: [Sir George Cornewall Lewis,] London, 1839, 12mo.
_Lancashire_: Nodal and Milner, Manchester Literary Club, 1875, 8vo,
Morris (Furness), London, 1869, 8vo: R. B. Peacock (Lonsdale, North
and South of the Sands), ib. 1869, 8vo. _Leicestershire_: A. B. Evans,
ib. 1848, 8vo. _Lincolnshire_: Brogden, ib. 1866, 12mo: Peacock
(Manley & Corringham), ib. 1877, 8vo. _Norfolk and Suffolk_; Forby,
London, 1830, 8vo, 2 vols. _Northamptonshire_: Sternberg, ib. 1851,
8vo: Miss Anne E. Baker, ib. 1866, 8vo, 2 vols. 868 pages.
_Somersetshire_: Jennings, ib. 1869, 8vo: W. P. Williams and W. A.
Jones, Taunton, 1873, 8vo. _Suffolk_: Moor, Woodbridge, 1823, 12mo:
Bowditch (Surnames), Boston, U.S., 1851, 8vo; 1858; 3rd ed. London,
1861, 8vo, 784 pages. _Sussex_: Cooper, Brighton, 1836, 8vo: Parish,
Farncombe, 1875, 8vo. _Wiltshire_: Akerman, London, 1842, 12mo.
_Yorkshire (North and East)_, Toone, ib. 1832, 8vo: (_Craven_), Carr,
2nd ed. London, 1828, 8vo, 2 vols.: (_Swaledale_), Harland, ib. 1873,
8vo: (_Cleveland_), Atkinson, ib. 1868, 4to, 653 pages: (_Whitby_) [F.
K. Robinson], ib. 1876, 8vo: (_Mid-Yorkshire and Lower Niddersdale_),
C. Clough Robinson, ib. 1876, 8vo: (_Leeds_), Id., ib. 1861, 12mo:
(_Wakefield_), Banks, ib. 1865, 16mo: (_Hallamshire_), Hunter, London,
1829, 8vo. _Ireland: (Forth and Bargy, Co. Wexford)_, Poole, London,
1867, 8vo. _America_: Pickering, Boston, 1816, 8vo: Bartlett, New
York, 1848, 8vo; 3rd ed. Boston, 1860. 8vo; Dutch transl. by Keijzer,
Gorinchen, 1854, 12mo; Germ. transl. by Kohler, Leipz. 1868, 8vo.
Elwyn, Philadelphia, 1859. 8vo. _Negro English_: Kingos, St Croix,
1770, 8vo: Focke (Dutch), Leiden, 1855, 8vo: Wullschlaegel, Lobau,
1856, 8vo. 350 pages. SLANG.--Grose, London, 1785, 8vo; 1796: Hotten,
ib. 1864, 8vo; 1866; Farmer & Henley (7 vols., 1890-1904).

Frisic.--Wassenbergh, Leeuwarden, 1802, 8vo: Franeker, 1806, 8vo:
Outzen, Kopenh. 1837, 4to: Hettema (Dutch), Leuwarden, 1832, 8vo;
1874, 8vo, 607 pages: Winkler (Nederdeutsch en Friesch Dialectikon),
's Gravenhage, 1874, 8vo, 2 vols. 1025 pages. OLD FRISIC.--Wiarda
(Germ.), Aurich, 1786, 8vo: Richthofen, Gottingen, 1840, 4to. NORTH
FRISIC.--Bendson (Germ.), Leiden, 1860, 8vo: Johansen (Fohringer und
Amrumer Mundart), Kiel, 1862, 8vo. EAST FRISIC.--Sturenburg, Aurich,
1857, 8vo. HELIGOLAND.--Oelrichs, s. l., 1836, 16mo.

Dutch.--Kok, 2nd ed. Amst. 1785-1798, 8vo, 38 vols.: Weiland, Amst.
1790-1811, 8vo, 11 vols.: Harrebomee, Utrecht, 1857, 4to; 1862-1870,
8vo, 3 vols.: De Vries and Te Winkel, Gravenh. 1864, &c., 4to (new ed.
1882- ); Dale, ib. 4th ed. 1898; ENGLISH.--Hexham, ed. Manley,
Rotterdam, 1675-1678, 4to: Holtrop, Dortrecht, 1823-1824, 8vo, 2
vols.: Bomhoff, Nimeguen, 1859, 8vo, 2 vols. 2323 pages: Jaeger,
Gouda, 1862, 16mo: Calisch, Tiel, 1871, &c., 8vo. FRENCH.--Halma,
Amst. 1710, 4to; 4th ed. 1761: Marin, ib. 1793, 4to, 2 vols.:
Winkelman, ib. 1793, 4to, 2 vols.: Mook, Zutphen, 1824-1825, 8vo, 4
vols.; Gouda, 1857, 8vo, 2 vols. 2818 pages: Kramers, ib. 1859-1862, 2
vols. 16mo. GERMAN.--Kramer, Nurnb. 1719, fol.; 1759, 4to, 2 vols.;
ed. Titius, 1784, Weiland, Haag, 1812, 8vo: Terwen, Amst. 1844, 8vo.
ETYMOLOGY.--Franck, 1884-1892. ORIENTAL WORDS.--Dozy, 's Gravenhage,
1867, 8vo. GENDERS OF NOUNS.--Bilderdijk, Amst. 1822, 8vo, 2 vols.
SPELLING.--Id., 's Gravenhage, 1829, 8vo. FREQUENTATIVES.--De Jager,
Gouda, 1875, 8vo, vol. i. OLD DUTCH.--Suringer, Leyden, 1865, 8vo.
MIDDLE DUTCH.--De Vries, 's Gravenhage, 1864, &c., 4to. Verwijs and
Verdam, ib. 1885- .

Flemish.--Kilian, Antw. 1511, 8vo; ed. Hasselt, Utrecht, 1777, 4to, 2
vols. FRENCH.--Berlemont, Anvers, 1511, 4to: Meurier, ib. 1557, 8vo:
Rouxell and Halma, Amst. 1708, 4to; 6th ed. 1821: Van de Velde and
Sleeckx, Brux. 1848-1851, 8vo, 2440 pages; ib. 1860, 8vo, 2 vols.
ANCIENT NAMES OF PLACES.--Grandgagnage (East Belgium), Bruxelles,
1859, 8vo.

German.--Josua Pictorius (Maaler), _Die teutsch Spraach_, Tiguri,
1561, 8vo; Stieler, Nurnb. 1691, 4to: Adelung, Leipz. 1774-1786, 4to,
5 vols.; 1793-1818, 5 vols.: Campe, Braunschweig, 1807-1811, 4to, 5
vols.: Grimm, Leipzig, 1854, &c., 4to: Sanders, ib. 1860-1865, 4to, 3
vols. 1885: Diefenbach and Wulcker (High and Low German, to supplement
Grimm), Frankf. a. M. 1874, 1885, 8vo.; Kluge, Strassburg, 1883;
Heine, Leipzig, 1890-1895; Weigand, Giessen, 1873. ENGLISH.--Adelung,
1783-1796, 8vo, 3 vols.: Hilpert, Karlsruhe, 1828-1829, 8vo, 2 vols.;
1845-1846, 4to, 2 vols.: Flugel, Leipz. 1830, 8vo, 2 vols.; London,
1857, 8vo; Leipzig, 1870: Muller, Cothen, 1867, 8vo, 2 vols.
FRENCH.--Laveaux, Strassburg, 1812, 4to: Mozin, Stuttgard, 1811-1812,
4to, 4 vols.; 1842-1846, 8vo, 4 vols., 3rd ed. 1850-1851, 8vo:
Schuster, Strasb. 1859, 8vo: Daniel, Paris, 1877, 16mo. OLD HIGH
GERMAN.--Haltaeus, Lipsiae, 1758, fol. 2 vols.: Graff, Berlin,
1834-1846, 4to, 7 vols.: Brinckmeier, Gotha, 1850-1863, 4to, 2 vols.:
Kehrein (from Latin records), Nordhausen, 1863, 8vo. Schade, Halle,
1872-1882. MIDDLE HIGH GERMAN.--Ziemann, Quedlinburg, 1838, 8vo:
Benecke, Muller and Zarnche, Leipz. 1854-1866, 8vo, 3 vols.: Lexer,
Leipzig, 1870, 8vo. MIDDLE LOW GERMAN.--Schiller and Lubben, Bremen,
1872, &c., 8vo, in progress. LOW GERMAN.--Vollbeding, Zerbst, 1806,
8vo: Kosegarten, Griefswald, 1839, 4to; 1856, &c., 4to.
ETYMOLOGY.--Helvigius, Hanov. 1620, 8vo: Wachter, Lipsiae, 1737, fol.
2 vols.: Kaindl, Salzbach, 1815-1830, 8vo, 7 vols.: Heyse, Magdeburg,
1843-1849, 8vo, 3 vols.: Kehrein, Wiesbaden, 1847-1852, 2 vols.
SYNONYMS.--Eberhard, Maas, and Gruber, 4th ed. Leipzig, 1852-1863,
8vo, 4 vols.: Aue (Engl.), Edinb. 1836, 8vo: Eberhard, 11th ed.
Berlin, 1854, 12mo: Sanders, Hamburg, 1872, 8vo, 743 pages. FOREIGN
WORDS.--Campe, Braunschweig, 1813, 4to: Heyse, _Fremdworterbuch_,
Hannover, 1848, 8vo. NAMES.--Pott. Leipz. 1853, 8vo: Michaelis
(Taufnamen), Berlin, 1856, 8vo: Forstemann (Old Germ.) Nordhausen,
1856-1859, 4to, 2 vols. 1573 pages, 12,000 names: Steub
(Oberdeutschen), Munchen, 1871, 8vo. LUTHER.--Dietz, Leipzig,
1869-1872, 8vo, 2 vols. DIALECTS.--Popowitsch, Wien, 1780, 8vo: Fulda,
Berlin, 1788, 8vo: Klein, Frankf. 1792, 8vo, 2 vols.: Kaltschmidt,
Nordlingen, 1851, 4to; 1854, 5th ed. 1865. _Aix-la-Chapelle_, Muller
and Weitz, Aachen, 1836, 12mo. _Appenzell_: Tobler, Zurich, 1837, 8vo.
_Austria_: Hofer, Linz, 1815, 8vo; Castelli, Wien, 1847, 12mo:
Scheuchenstul (mining), ib. 1856, 8vo. _Bavaria_: Zaupser, Munchen,
1789, 8vo: Deling, ib. 1820, 2 vols.: Schmeller, Stuttg. 1827-1837,
8vo, 4 vols.; 2nd ed. Munchen, 1872, 4to, vol. i. 1799 pages.
_Berlin_: Trachsel. Berlin, 1873, 8vo. _Bremen_: Bremisch Deutsch
Gesellschaft, Bremen, 1767-1771, 1869, 8vo, 6 vols. Oelrich (anc.
statutes), Frankf. a. M. 1767, 8vo. _Carinthia_: Ueberfelder,
Klagenfurt, 1862, 8vo: Lexe, Leipzig, 1862, 8vo. _Cleves_: De
Schueren, _Teuthonista_, Colon, 1477, fol.; Leiden, 1804, 4to.
_Gottingen_: Schambach, Hannover, 1838, 8vo. _Hamburg_: Richey, Hamb.
1873, 4to; 1755, 8vo. _Henneberg_: Reinwold, Berlin and Stettin, 1793,
1801, 8vo, 2 vols.: Bruckner, Meiningen, 1843, 4to. _Hesse_: Vilmar,
Marburg, 1868, 8vo, 488 pages. _Holstein_: Schutz Hamb. 1800-1806,
8vo, 4 vols. _Hungary_: Schoer, Wien, 1858. _Livonia_: Bergmann,
Salisburg, 1785, 8vo: Gutzeit, Riga, 1859-1864, 8vo, 2 parts. _Upper
Lusatia_: Anton, Gorlitz, 1825-1839, 13 parts. _Luxembourg_: Gangler,
Lux. 1847, 8vo, 406 pages. _Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania_: M.,
Leipzig, 1876, 8vo, 114 pages. _Nassau_: Kehrein, Weilburg, 1860, 8vo.
_Osnaburg_: Strodtmann, Leipz. 1756, 8vo. _Pomerania and Rugen_:
Dahnert, Stralsund, 1781, 4to. _Posen_: Bernd, Bonn, 1820, 8vo.
_Prussia_: Bock, Konigsb. 1759, 8vo: Hennig, ib. 1785, 8vo. _Saxony_:
Schmeller (from Heliand, &c.), Stuttg. 1840, 4to. _Silesia_: Berndt,
Stendal, 1787, 8vo. _Swabia_: Schmid, Berlin, 1795, 8vo; Stuttg. 1831,
8vo. _Switzerland_: Stalder, Aarau, 1807-1813, 8vo, 2 vols.
_Thuringia_: Keller, Jena, 1819, 8vo. _Transylvania_: Schuller, Prag,
1865, 8vo. _Tirol_: Schopf, Innspruck, 1866, 8vo. _Venetian Alps_:
Schmeller, Wien, 1854, 8vo. _Vienna_: Hugel, ib. 1873, 8vo.
HUNTING.--_Westerwald_: Schmidt, Hadamar, 1800, 8vo; Kehrein,
Wiesbaden, 1871, 12mo. SLANG.--_Gauner Sprache_: Schott, Erlangen,
1821, 8vo: Grolmann, Giessen, 1822, 8vo: Train, Meissen, 1833, 8vo:
Anton, 2nd ed. Magdeburg, 1843, 8vo; 1859: Ave-Lallemant, _Das
Deutsche Gaunerthun_, Leipzig, 1858-1862, 8vo, vol. iv. pp. 515-628.
_Student Slang_: Vollmann (Burschicoses), Ragaz, 1846, 16mo, 562
pages.

_Celtic._

Celtic generally.--Lluyd, Archaeologia Britannica, Oxford, 1707,
folio: Bullet, Besancon, 1754-1860, fol. 2 vols.

Irish.--Cormac, bishop of Cashel, born 831, slain in battle 903, wrote
a Glossary, _Sanas Cormaic_, printed by Dr Whitley Stokes, London,
1862, 8vo, with another, finished in 1569, by O'Davoren, a
schoolmaster at Burren Castle, Co. Clare: O'Clery, Lovanii, 1643, 8vo:
MacCuirtin (Eng.-Irish), Paris, 1732, 4to: O'Brien, ib. 1768, 4to;
Dublin, 1832, 8vo: O'Reilly, 1817, 4to: 1821; ed. O'Donovan, ib. 1864,
4to, 725 pages: Foley (Eng.-Irish), ib. 1855, 8vo: Connellan (do.),
1863, 8vo.

Gaelic.--Macdonald, Edin. 1741, 8vo: Shaw, London, 1780, 4to, 2 vols.:
Allan, Edin. 1804, 4to: Armstrong, London, 1825, 4to: Highland
Society, ib. 1828, 4to, 2 vols.: Macleod and Dewar, Glasgow, 1853,
8vo.

Manx.--Cregeen, Douglas, 1835, 8vo: Kelly, ib. 1866, 8vo, 2 vols.

Welsh.--LATIN.--Davies, London, 1632, fol.: Boxhornius, Amstelodami,
1654, 4to. ENGLISH.--Salesbury, London, 1547, 4to: 1551: Richards,
Bristol, 1759, 8vo: Owen (W.), London, 1793-1794, 8vo, 2 vols.; 1803,
4to, 3 vols.: Walters, ib. 1794, 4to: Owen-Pughe, Denbigh, 1832, 8vo;
3rd ed. Pryse, ib. 1866, 8vo: D. S. Evans (Eng.-Welsh), ib. 1852-1853,
8vo; 1887.

Cornish.--Pryce, _Archaeologia_, Sherborne, 1770, 4to: Williams,
Llandovery, 1862-1865, 4to. NAMES.--Bannister (20,000), Truro,
1869-1871, 8vo.

Breton.--Legadeuc, _Le Catholicon breton_, finished 1464, printed at
Lantrequier, 1499, fol. 210 pages; 1501, 4to; L'Orient, 1868, 8vo:
Quicquer de Roskoff, Morlaix, 1633, 8vo: Rostrenen, Rennes, 1732, 4to,
978 pages; ed. Jolivet, Guingamps, 1834, 8vo, 2 vols.: l'A.[rmerie],
Leyde, 1744, 8vo; La Haye, 1756: Lepelletier, Paris, 1752, fol.:
Legonidec, Angouleme, 1821, 8vo; St Brieuc, 1847-1850, 4to, 924 pages.
DIALECT OF LEON.--Troude (Fr.-Bret.), Brest, 1870, 8vo; Id.
(Bret.-Fr.), ib. 1876, 8vo, 845 pages. DIOCESE OF VANNES.--Armerie,
Leyde, 1774, 8vo.

_Basque._

Basque.--Larramendi, St Sebastian, 1745, fol. 2 vols.; ed. Zuazua, ib.
1854, fol.; Chaho, Bayonne, 1856, 4to, 1867: Fabre, ib. 1870, 8vo: Van
Eys, Paris, 1873, 8vo: Eguren, Madrid, 1877.

_Baltic._

Lithuanian.--Szyrwid, 3rd ed., Vilnae, 1642, 8vo; 5th ed. 1713:
Schleicher, Prag, 1856-1857, 8vo, 2 vols.: Kurmin, Wilno, 1858, 8vo:
Kurschat, Halle, 1870, &c., 8vo.

Lettic.--Mancelius, Riga, 1638, 4to: Elvers, ib. 1748, 8vo: Lange,
Mitau, 1777, 4to: Sjogren, Petersburg, 1861, 4to: Ulmann, ed.
Bielenstein, Riga, 1872, &c., 8vo.

Prussian.--Bock, Konigsberg, 1759, 8vo: Hennig, ib. 1785, 8vo:
Nesselmann, Berlin, 1873, 8vo: Pierson, ib. 1875, 8vo.

_Slavonic_.

Slavonic generally.--Franta-Sumavski (Russ. Bulg. Old Slav. Boh.
Polish), Praga, 1857, 8vo, Miklosich, Wien, 1886.

Old Slavonic.--Beruinda, Kiev, 1627, 8vo; Kuteinsk, 1653, 4to:
Polycarpi (Slav. Greek, Latin), Mosque, 1704, 4to: Alexyeev, St
Petersb. 1773, 8vo; 4th ed. ib. 1817-1819, 8vo, 5 vols.: Russian Imp.
Academy, ib. 1847, 4to, 4 vols.: Miklosich, Vindobonae, 1850: 4to;
1862-1865, 8vo, Mikhailovski, St Petersb. 1875, 8vo: Charkovski,
Warschaw, 1873, 8vo.

Russian.--Russian Academy, St Petersburg, 1789-1794, 4to, 6 vols.;
1806-1822, ib. 1869, 8vo, 3 vols.: Dahl, Moskva, 1862-1866, fol. 4
vols.; d., ib. 1873, &c., 4to; a 3rd edition, 1903, &c.
FRENCH-GERM.-ENG.--Reiff, ib. 1852-1854, 4to. GERMAN,
LATIN.--Holterhof, Moskva, 1778, 8vo, 2 vols.; 3rd ed. 1853-1855, 8vo,
2 vols.: Weismann, ib. 1731, 4to; 1782, and frequently. FRENCH,
GERMAN.--Nordstet, ib. 1780-1782, 4to, 2 vols.: Heym, Moskau,
1796-1805, 4to, 4 vols.: Booch-Arkossi and Frey, Leipzig, 1871, &c.,
8vo. ENGLISH.--Nordstet, London, 1780, 4to: Grammatin and Parenogo,
Moskva, 1808-1817, 4to, 4 vols. FRENCH.--Tatischeff, 2nd ed. St
Petersb. 1798, 8vo, 2 vols.; Moskau, 1816, 4to, 2 vols.: Reiff, St
Petersb. 1835-1836, 8vo, 2 vols.: Makaroff, ib. 1872, 8vo, 2 vols,
1110 pages; 1873-1874, 12mo, 2 vols. GERMAN.--Pawlowski, Riga, 1859,
8vo: Lenstrom, Mitau, 1871, 8vo. SWEDISH.--Geitlin, Helsingfors, 1833,
12mo: Meurmann, ib. 1846, 8vo. POLISH.--Jakubowicz, Warszawa,
1825-1828, 8vo, 2 vols.: Amszejewicz, ib. 1866, 8vo: Szlezigier, ib.
1867, 8vo. TECHNICAL.--Grakov (Germ.), St Petersb. 1872, 8vo.
NAVAL.--Butakov, ib. 1837. DIALECTS.--_North-west Russia_:
Gorbachevski (old language, in Russian), Vilna, 1874, 8vo, 418 pages.
_White Russia_: Nosovich (Russian), St Petersburg, 1870, 4to, 760
pages. _Red Russia_: Patritzkii (German), Lemberg, 1867, 8vo, 2 vols.
842 pages. _Ukraine_: Piskanov (Russian), Odessa, 1873, 4to, 156
pages.

Polish.--Linde (explained in Lat. Germ. and 13 Slav dialects),
Warszawie, 1807-1814, 4to, 6 vols. 4574 pages.
ENGLISH.--[Rykaczewski], _Complete Dictionary_, Berlin, 1849-1851,
8vo, 2 vols.: Rykaczewski, Berlin, 1866, 16mo, 1161 pages. FRENCH AND
GERMAN.--Troc, Leipz. 1742-1764, 8vo, 4 vols.; 4th ed. ib. 1806-1822,
4to, 4 vols.: Bandtke, Breslau, 1806, 8vo, 2 vols.; 1833-1839, 8vo.
FRENCH.--Schmidt, Leipzig, 1870, 16mo. RUSSIAN AND GERMAN.--Schmidt
(J. A. E.), Breslau, 1834, 8vo. GERMAN.--Mrongovius, Konigsberg, 1765;
1835, 4to; 1837: Troianski, Berlin, 1835-1838, 8vo, 2 vols.:
Booch-Arkossi, Leipzig, 1864-1868, 8vo, 2 vols.: Jordan, ib. 1866,
8vo. ITALIAN.--Plazowski, Warszawa, 1860, 8vo. 2 vols. 730 pages.
RUSSIAN.--Potocki, Lipsk, 1873, &c., 12mo.

Wendish.--Matthai, Budissen, 1721, 8vo: Bose, Grimma, 1840, 8vo:
Pfuhl, w Budzsinje, 1866, 8vo, 1210 pages. UPPER LUSATIAN.--Pfuhl and
Jordan, Leipz. 1844, 8vo. LOWER LUSATIAN.--Zwahr, Spremberg, 1847,
8vo.

Czech.--Rohn (Germ. Lat.), Prag, 1780, 4to, 4 vols.: Dobrowski and
Hanka, ib. 1802-1821, 4to, 2 vols. LAT. GERM. HUNGAR.--Jungmann,
Praze, 1835-1839, 6 vols. 4to, 5316 pages. GERMAN.--Tham, Prag.
1805-1807, 8vo, 2 vols.: Sumavski, ib. 1844-1846, 8vo, 2 vols.:
Koneney, ib. 1855, 18mo, 2 vols.: Rank (Germ. Boh.), ib. 1860, 16mo,
775 pages. TECHNICAL.--Spatny, ib. 1864, 8vo: Kheil (names of goods,
Germ. Boh.), ib. 1864, 8vo, 432 pages. HUNTING.--Spatny, ib. 1870,
8vo, 137 pages.

South Slavic.--Richter and Ballman, Wien, 1839-1840, 8vo, 2 vols.
SERVIAN.--Karajic (Germ. Lat.), ib. 1818, 8vo; 1852: Lavrovski
(Russian), St Petersb. 1870, 8vo, 814 pages. BOSNIAN.--Micalia,
Laureti, 1649, 8vo. SLOVAK.--Bernolak (Lat. Germ. Hung.), Budae,
1825-1827, 8vo, 6 vols.: Loos (Hung. and Germ.), Pest, 1869, &c., 3
vols. SLOVENE.--Gutsmann, Klagenfurt, 1789, 4to: Relkovich, Wien,
1796, 4to, 2 vols.: Murko, Gratz, 1838, 8vo, 2 vols.: Janezic,
Klagenfurt, 1851, 12mo. DALMATIAN.--Ardelio della Bella, Venezia,
1728, 8vo; 2nd ed. Ragusae, 1785, 4to: Stulli, ib. 1801-1810, 4to, 2
vols. CROATIAN.--Habdelich, Gratz, 1670, 8vo: Sulek, Agram, 1854-1860,
8vo, 2 vols. 1716 pages. CARINTHIAN.--Lexer, Leipzig, 1862, 8vo. OLD
SERVIAN.--Danitziye (Servian), Belgrad, 1864, 8vo, 3 vols.

Bulgarian.--Daniel (Romaic, Albanian, Rumanian, and Bulgarian),
Moschopolis, 1770; Venice, 1802, 4to. ENGLISH.--Morse and Vassiliev,
Constantinople, 1860, 8vo. RUSSIAN.--Borogoff, Vienna, 1872, &c., 8vo.

_Ugrian._

Ugrian, Comparative.--Donner, Helsingfors, 1874, 8vo, in progress:
Budenz (Ugrian-Magyar), Budapest, 1872-1875, 8vo.

Lappish.--_Manuale_, Holmiae, 1648, 8vo: Fjellstrom, ib. 1738, 8vo:
Leem and Sandberg, Havn. 1768-1781, 4to, 2 parts: Lindahl and
Oehrling, Holm. 1780, 8vo. NORTH LAPPISH.--Stockfleht, Christiania,
1852, 8vo.

Finnish.--Juslenius, Holmiae, 1745, 4to, 567 pages: Renvall, Aboae,
1826, 4to, 2 vols.: Europaeus, Helsingissa, 1852-1853, 16mo, 2 vols.
742 pages: Lunin, Derpt, 1853, 8vo: Euren, Tavashuus, 1860, 8vo:
Ahlman, ib. 1864, 8vo: Wiedemann, St Petersb. 1869, 4to: Godenhjelm
(Germ.), Helsingfors, 1871: Lonnrot, Helsingissa, 1874.
NAVAL.--Stjerncreutz, ib. 1863, 8vo.

Esthonian.--Hupel, Mitau, 1818, 8vo, 832 pages: Korber, Dorpat, 1860,
8vo: Wiedemann, St Petersb. 1869, 4to, 1002 pages: Aminoff
(Esth.-Finnish), Helsingissa, 1869, 8vo: Meves (Russian), Riga, 1876,
12mo.

Permian.--Rogord (Russian), St Petersb. 1869, 8vo, 420 pages.

Votiak.--Wiedemann, Reval, 1847, 8vo: Ahlquist, Helsingfors, 1856,
4to.

Cheremiss.--Budenz, Pest, 1866, 8vo.

Ersa-Mordvine.--Wiedemann, St Petersb. 1865, 4to.
MOKSHA-MORDVINE.--Ahlquist, ib. 1862, 8vo.

Magyar.--Szabo, Kassan, 1792, 8vo: Guczor and Fogarazi (Hung.
Academy), Pesth, 1862, 8vo, in progress. ENGLISH.--Dallos, Pesth,
1860, 8vo. FRENCH.--Kiss, ib. 1844, 12mo, 2 vols.: Karady, Leipz.
1848, 12mo: Mole, Pesth, 1865, 8vo, 2 vols. GERMAN.--Schuster, Wien,
1838, 8vo: Bloch, Pesth, 1857, 4to, 2 vols.: Ballagi, ib. 1857, 8vo;
6th ed. 1905, 8vo, 2 vols.: Loos, ib. 1870, 8vo, 914 pages.
ETYMOLOGICAL.--Dankovsky (Lat.-Germ.), Pressburg, 1853, 8vo:
Kresznerics (under roots, in Hung.), Budan, 1831-1832, 4to, 2 vols.:
Podhorsky (from Chinese roots, in Germ.), Budapest, 1877, 8vo. NEW
WORDS.--Kunoss, Pesth, 1836, 8vo; 1844.

Turkish.--ARAB. PERS.--Esaad Effendi, Constantinople, 1802, fol.
ROMAIC.--Alexandrides, Vienna, 1812, 4to. POLYGLOTTS.--Pianzola (Ital.
Grec. volgare, e Turca), Padova, 1789, 4to: Ciakciak (Ital. Armeno,
Turco), Venice, 1804, 4to; 2nd ed. 1829: Azarian (Ellenico, Ital. Arm.
Turco), Vienna, 1848, 8vo: Mechitarist Congregation (Ital. Francese,
Arm. Turco), ib. 1846, 8vo. LATIN.--Mesgnien-Meninski, Viennae, 1680,
fol. 3 vols.; ed. Jenisch and Klezl, ib. 1780-1802, fol. 4 vols.
ENGLISH.--Sauerwein, London, 1855, 12mo: Redhouse, ib. 1856, 8vo, 1176
pages: Id., Eng. Turkish, ib. 860, 8vo. FRENCH.--Kieffer and Bianchi
(Turk.-Fr.), Paris, 1835-1837, 2 vols. 2118 pages: Bianchi (Fr.-Turk.)
Paris, 1843-1846, 8vo, 2 vols. 2287 pages; 1850, 8vo, 2 vols.:
Mallouf, ib. 1863-1867, 8vo, 2 vols. FRENCH AND GERMAN.--Zenker (Arab.
Pers.), Leipz, 1862-1876, 4to, 2 vols, 982 pages. GERMAN.--Korabinsky,
Pressburg, 1788, 8vo: Vambery, Constantinople, 1858, 8vo.
ITALIAN.--Molina, Roma, 1641, 8vo: Masais, Firenze, 1677, 8vo:
Ciadyrgy, Milano, 1832-1834, 4to, 2 vols. RUSSIAN.--Budagov
(Comparative lexicon of the Turkish-Tartar dialects), St Petersburg,
1869, 8vo, 2 vols.

Gipsy.--Bischoff, Ilmenau, 1827, 8vo: Truxillo, Madrid, 1844, 8vo:
Jimenes, Sevilla, 1846, 16mo: Baudrimont, Bordeaux, 1862, 8vo:
Vaillant, Paris, 1868, 8vo: Paspati; Constantinople, 1870, 4to:
Borrow, _Romany Lavo Lil_, London, 1874, 8vo: Smart and Crofton,
London, 1875, 8vo.

Albanian.--Blanchus, Romae, 1635, 8vo: Kaballioti (Romaic, Wallach.
Alb.), Venice, 1770, 8vo: Xylander, Frankfurt a. M. 1835, 8vo: Hahn,
Jena, 1854, 4to: Rossi da Montalto, Roma, 1866, 8vo.

ASIA

Semitic.--POLYGLOTTS.--Thurneissius, Berolini, 1585, fol.: Thorndike,
London, 1635, fol.: Schindler, Pentaglotton, Frankf, ad M. 1653, fol.:
Hottinger, Heptaglotton, ib. 1661, fol.: Castellus, London, 1669, fol.
2 vols. (Hebrew, Chaldaic, Syriac, Samaritan, Aethiopic and Arabic in
one alphabet; Persian separately. It occupied him for seventeen years,
during which he worked sixteen to eighteen hours a day): Otho, Frankf.
a. M. 1702, 4to (the same languages with Rabbinical).

Hebrew.--About 875, Zemah, head of the school of Pumbeditha, wrote a
Talmudical dictionary of words and things, arranged in alphabetical
order, which is lost. About 880, Jehudah ben 'Alan, of Tiberias, and
Jehudah ibn Koreish, of Tahurt, in Morocco wrote Hebrew dictionaries.
Saadia ben Joseph (born 892, died 942), of Fayum, in Upper Egypt,
wrote [Hebrew: Kefer Igaron], probably a Hebrew-Arabic dictionary.
Menahem ben Jacob Ibn Sar[=u]q (born 910, died about 970), of Tortosa
and Cordova, wrote a copious Hebrew dictionary, first printed by
Herschell F. Filipowski, Edinburgh, 1855, 8vo, from five MSS. David
ben Abraham, of F[=a]s, wrote, in Arabic, a large Hebrew dictionary,
the MS. of which, a quarto of 313 leaves on cotton paper, was found
about 1830 by A. Firkowitz, of Eupatoria, in the cellar of a Qaraite
synagogue in Jerusalem. The age of this work cannot be ascertained.
About 1050, Ali ben Suleiman wrote a dictionary in Arabic, on the plan
of that of David ben Abraham. The MS. of 429 leaves belongs to
Firkowitz. Haja ben Sherira, the famous teacher of the Academy of
Pumbeditha, wrote a Hebrew dictionary in Arabic, called _al H[=a]vi_
(The Gathering), arranged alphabetically in the order of the last
radical letter. This dictionary is lost, as well as that of the
Spaniard Isaac ben Saul, of Lucena. Iona ibn Ganah, of Cordova, born
about 985, wrote a Hebrew dictionary in Arabic called _Kit[=a]b al
Azul_ (Book of Roots). This, as well as a Hebrew translation by Samuel
ibn Tab[=o]n, is extant in MS., and was used by Gesenius in his
_Thesaurus_. Rabbi David ben Joseph Kimhi died soon after 1232. His
lexicon of roots, called [Hebrew: Shorashim], was printed at Naples
1490, fol.; Constantinople, 1513, fol.; Naples, 1491, 8vo; Venice,
1552; Berolini, 1838, 4to. _Tishbi_ (The Tishbite), by Elijah ben
Asher, the Levite, so called because it contained 712 roots, was
printed at Isny 1541, 8vo and 4to, and often afterwards.
LATIN.--Munster, Basileae, 1523, 8vo; 5 editions to 1564: Zamora,
Compluti, 1526, fol.: Pellicanus, Argentorati, 1540, fol.: Reuchlin,
Basil, 1556, fol.: Avenarius, Wittebergae, 1568, fol.; auctus, 1589:
Pagnini, Lugd. Bat. 1575, fol.; 1577; Genevae, 1614; Buxtorf, Basil.
1607, 8vo; 1615, and many other editions: Frey (Lat.-Eng.), 2nd ed.
London, 1815, 8vo: Gesenius, _Thesaurus_, Leipz. 1829-1858, 4to, 3
vols. ENGLISH.--Bale, London, 1767, 4to: Parkhurst, ib. 1792, 4to:
Lee, ib. 1840, 8vo: Gesenius, translated by Robinson, ib. 1844, 8vo;
by Tregelles, ib. 1846, 4to: Fuerst, 4th ed. transl. by Davidson, ib.
1866, 8vo: 1871, 8vo, 1547 pages. FRENCH.--Leigh, Amst. 1703, 4to:
Glaire, Paris, 1830, 8vo; 1843. GERMAN.--Gesenius, Leipzig, 1810-1812,
8vo, 2 vols.: Fuerst, ib. 1842, 16mo: ib. 1876, 8vo, 2 vols.
ITALIAN.--Modena, Venetia, 1612, 4to; 1640; Coen, Reggio, 1811, 8vo:
Fontanella, Venezia, 1824, 8vo. DUTCH.--Waterman, Rotterdam, 1859,
&c., 8vo. HUNGARIAN.--Ehrentheil (Pentateuch), Pest, 1868, 8vo.
ROMAIC.--Loundes, Melite. 1845, 8vo, 987 pages.

Rabbinical and Chaldee.--Nathan ben Yehiel of Rome wrote in the
beginning of the 12th century a Talmudic dictionary, _Aruch_, printed
1480 (?), s. l., fol.; Pesaro, 1517, fol.; Venice, 1531; and often:
Isaiah ben Loeb, Berlin, wrote a supplement to _Aruch_, vol. i.
Breslau, 1830, 8vo; vol. ii. ([Hebrew: L] to [Hebrew: T]), Wien, 1859,
8vo: Munster, Basil. 1527, 4to, 1530, fol.: Elijah ben Asher, the
Levite, transl. by Fagius, Isnae, 1541, fol.; Venet. 1560: David ben
Isaac de Pomis, _Zamah David_, Venet. 1587, fol.: Buxtorf,
Basileae, 1639, fol.: ed. Fischer, Leipz. 1866-1875, 4to: Otho,
Geneva, 1675, 8vo; Altona, 1757, 8vo: Zanolini, Patavii, 1747, 8vo:
Hornheim, Halle, 1807, 8vo: Landau, Prag, 1819-1824, 8vo, 5 vols.:
Dessauer, Erlangen, 1838, 8vo: Nork (i.e. Korn), Grimma, 1842, 4to:
Schonhak, Warschau, 1858, 8vo, 2 vols. TARGUMS.--Levy, Leipzig,
1866-68 4to, 2 vols.; 1875: Id. (Eng.), London, 1869, 8vo, 2 vols.
TALMUD.--Lowy (in Heb.), Wien, 1863, 8vo: Levy, Leipzig, 1876, &c.,
4to. PRAYER-BOOK.--Hecht, Kreuznach, 1860, 8vo: Nathan, Berlin, 1854,
12mo. SYNONYMS.--Pantavitius, Lodevae, 1640, fol. FOREIGN
WORDS.--Rabeini, Lemberg, 1857, 8vo, &c. JEWISH-GERMAN.--Callenberg,
Halle, 1736, 8vo: Vollbeding, Hamburg, 1808, 8vo: Stern, Munchen,
1833, 8vo, 2 vols.: Theile, Berlin, 1842-1843, 8vo, 2 vols.:
Ave-Lallemant, _Das deutsche Gaunerthum_, Leipzig, 1858, 8vo, 4 vols.;
vol. iv. pp. 321-512.

Ph[oe]nician.--M. A. Levy, Breslau, 1864, 8vo.

Samaritan.--Crinesius, Altdorphi, 1613, 4to: Morini, Parisiis, 1657,
12mo: Hilligerus, Wittebergae, 1679, 4to: Cellarius, Cizae, 1682, 4to;
Frankof. 1705: Uhlemann, Leipsiae, 1837, 8vo: Nicholls, London, 1859,
8vo.

Assyrian.--Norris, London, 1868, 8vo, 3 vols. PROPER NAMES.--Menant,
Paris, 1861, 8vo.

Accadian.--Lenormant, Paris, 1875, 8vo.

Syriac.--Joshua ben Ali, a physician, who lived about 885, made a
Syro-Arabic lexicon, of which there is a MS. in the Vatican. Hoffmann
printed this lexicon from Alif to Mim, from a Gotha MS., Kiel, 1874,
4to. Joshua bar Bahlul, living 963, wrote another, great part of which
Castelli put into his lexicon. His MS. is now at Cambridge, and, with
those at Florence and Oxford, was used by Bernstein. Elias bar
Shinaya, born 975, metropolitan of Nisibis, 1009, wrote a Syriac and
Arabic lexicon, entitled _Kit[=a]b [=u]t Tarjuman fi Taalem Loghat es
S[=u]ri[=a]n_ (Book called the Interpreter for teaching the Language
of the Syrians), of which there is a MS. in the British Museum. It was
translated into Latin by Thomas a Novaria, a Minorite friar, edited by
Germanus, and published at Rome by Obicinus, 1636, 8vo. It is a
classified vocabulary, divided in 30 chapters, each containing several
sections. Crinesius, Wittebergae, 1612, 4to: Buxforf, Basileae, 1622,
4to: Ferrarius, Romae, 1622, 4to: Trost, Cothenis Anhaltor, 1643, 4to:
Gutbir, Hamburgi, 1667, 8vo: Schaaf, Lugd. Bat, 1708, 4to: Zanolini,
Patavii, 1742, 4to: Castellus, ed. Michaelis, Gottingen, 1788, 4to, 2
vols.: Bernstein, Berlin, 1857, &c. fol.: Smith (Robt. Paine), Dean of
Canterbury, Oxonii, 1868, &c. fol.: fasc. 1-3 contain 538 pages:
Zingerle, Romae, 1873, 8vo, 148 pages.

Arabic.--The native lexicons are very many, voluminous and copious. In
the preface to his great Arabic-English lexicon, Lane describes 33,
the most remarkable of which are-the _'Ain_, so called from the letter
which begins its alphabet, commonly ascribed to al Khalil (who died
before A.H. 175 [A.D. 791], aged seventy-four): the _Sihah_ of Jauhari
(died 398 [1003]): the _Mohkam_ of Ibn Sidah the Andalusian, who was
blind, and died A.H. 458 [A.D. 1066], aged about sixty: the _Asas_ of
Zamakhshari (born 467 [1075], died 538 [1144]), "a most excellent
repertory of choice words and phrases": the _Lis[=a]n el 'Arab_ of Ibn
Mukarram (born 630 [1232], died 711 [1311]); Lane's copy is in 28
vols. 4to: the _Kamus_ (The Sea) of Fairuzabadi (born 729 [1328], died
816 [1413]),: the _Taj el Arus_, by Murtada Ez Zebadi (born A.D. 1732,
died 1791)--the copy made for Lane is in 24 vols. thick 4to. The
_Sihah_ was printed Hardervici Getorum, 1774, 4to; Bulak, 1865, fol. 2
vols.: _Kamus_, Calcutta, 1817, fol. 2 vols.; Bombay, 1855, fol. 920
pages: _Sirr el Lagal_, by Farish esh Shidiac, Tunis, fol. 609 pages:
_Muh[=i]t al Muh[=i]t_, by Beitrus Al Bustani Beirut, 1867-1870, 2
vols. 4to, 2358 pages (abridged as _Katr Al Muhit_, ib. 1867-1869, 2
vols. 8vo, 2352 pages), is excellent for spoken Arabic. PERSIAN.--The
_Surah_, by Jumal, Calcutta, 1812-1815, 2 vols. 4to: _Samachsharii
Lexicon_, ed. Wetzstein, Leipz. 1845, 4to; 1850: _Muntakhal al
Loghat_, Calcutta, 1808; ib. 1836; Lucknow, 1845; Bombay, 1862, 8vo, 2
vols.: _Muntaha l'Arabi_, 4 vols. fol. 1840: _Shams al Loghat_,
Bombay, 1860, fol. 2 vols. 509 pages. TURKISH.--_Achteri Kabir_,
Constantinople. 1827, fol.: _El Kamus_, ib. 1816, fol. 3 vols.;
translated by Acan Effendi, Bulak, fol. 3 vols.; _El Sihah_,
translated by Al Vani, Constantinople, 1728, fol. 2 vols.: 1755-1756;
Scutari, 1802, fol. 2 vols. LATIN.--Raphelengius, Leiden, 1613, fol.:
Giggeius, Mediolani, 1632, fol. 4 vols.: Golius Lugd. Bat. 1653, fol.
(the best before Lane's): Jahn, Vindobonae, 1802, 8vo: Freytag, Halle,
1830-1838, 4 vols. 4to; abridged, ib. 1837, 4to. ENGLISH.--Catafago
(Arab.-Eng. and Eng.-Arab.), London, 1858, 8vo, 2 vols.; 2nd ed. 1873,
8vo: Lane, London, 1863-1893 (edited after Lane's death, from 1876, by
his grandnephew, Stanley Lane-Poole. The Arabic title is _Medd el
Kamoos_, meaning either the Flow of the Sea, or The Extension of the
Kamus. It was undertaken in 1842, at the suggestion and at the cost of
the 6th duke of Northumberland, then Lord Prudhoe, by Mr Lane, who
returned to Egypt for the purpose, and lived in Cairo for seven years
to study, and obtain copies of, the great MS. lexicons in the
libraries of the mosques, few of which had ever been seen by a
European, and which were so quickly disappearing through decay,
carelessness and theft, that the means of composing such a work would
not long have existed). Newman (modern), ib. 1872, 8vo, 2 vols. 856
pages. FRENCH.--Ruphy (Fr.-Ar.), Paris, 1802, 4to: Bochtor (do.),
Paris, 1828, 4to, 2 vols.; 2nd ed. ib. 1850: Roland de Bussy (Algiers,
Fr.-Ar.), Alger, 1835, 16mo: Id., 1836, 8vo; 1839: Berggren (Fr.-vulg.
Ar., Syria and Egypt.), Upsala, 1844, 4to: Farhat (Germanos), revu par
Rochaid ed Dahdah, Marseille, 1849, 4to: Biberstein Kasimirski, Paris,
1846, 8vo, 2 vols.; 1853-1856; 1860, 2 vols. 3032 pages: Marcel
(vulgar dialects of Africa), Paris, 1830; 1835, 8vo; 1837; enlarged,
1869, 8vo; Paulmier (Algeria), 2nd ed. Paris, 1860, 8vo, 931 pages;
1872: Bernard (Egypt), Lyon, 1864, 18mo: Cuche, Beirut, 1862, 8vo;
1867: Nar Bey (A. Calfa), 2nd ed. Paris, 1872, 12mo, 1042 pages:
Cherbonneau (written language), Paris, 1876, 2 vols. 8vo: Id.
(Fr.-Ar.), Paris, 1872, 8vo: Beausier (Algiers, Tunis, legal,
epistolary), Alger, 1871, 4to, 764 pages; 1873. GERMAN.--Seyfarth
(Algeria), Grimma, 1849, 16mo: Wolff (Mod. Ar.), Leipzig, 1867, 8vo:
Wahrmund (do.), Giessen, 1870-1875, 8vo, 4 vols. ITALIAN.--Germano,
Roma, 1636, 8vo; (Ar. Lat. It.), Romae, 1639, fol.: _Dizionario_,
Bulak. 1824, 4to: Schiaparelli, Firenze, 1871, 4to, 641 pages.
SPANISH.--Alcala, Grenada, 1505, 4to: Canes, Madrid, 1787, fol. 3
vols. SUFI TECHNICAL TERMS.--Abd Errahin, ed. Sprenger, Calcutta,
1845, 8vo. TECHNICAL TERMS OF THE MUSSULMAN SCIENCES.--Abd al Hagg and
Gholam Kadir, Calcutta, 1853-1862, 4to, 1593 pages. MEDICAL
TERMS.--Pharaon and Bertherand, Paris, 1860, 12mo. MATERIA
MEDICA.--Muhammed Abd Allah Shirazi, _Ulfaz Udwiyeh_, translated by
Gladwin (Eng. Pers. Hindi), Calcutta, 1793, 4to, 1441 words. NOMS DES
VETEMENTS.--Dozy, Amst. 1845, 8vo. WORTER IN ENTGEGENGESETZTEN
BEDEUTUNGEN.--Redslob, Gottingen, 1873, 8vo. KORAN.--Willmet (also in
Haririum et vitam Timuri), Lugd. Bat. 1784, 4to; Amst. 1790: Fluegel,
_Concordantia_, Leipz. 1842, 4to: Penrice, _Dictionary and Glossary_,
London, 1873, 4to. EL TABRIZI'S LOGIC.--Mir Abufeth (French), Bulak,
1842, 8vo. MALTESE.--Vassali, Romae, 1796, 4to: Falzon (Malt. Ital.
Eng.), Malta, _s.a._ 8vo: Vella, Livorno, 1843, 8vo.

Armenian.--Mechitar, Venice, 1749-1769, 4to, 2 vols.: Avedichiam,
Surmelian and Aucher (Aukerian), ib. 1836-1837, 4to, 2 vols.: Aucher,
ib. 1846, 4to. POLYGLOT.--Villa (Arm.-vulg., litteralis, Lat. Indicae
et Gallicae), Romae, 1780. GREEK AND LATIN.--Lazarists, Venice,
1836-1837, 4to, 2 vols. 2217 pages. LATIN.--Rivola, Mediolani, 1621,
fol.: Nierszesovicz, Romae, 1695, 4to; Villotte, ib. 1714, fol.:
Mechitar, Venetiae, 1747-1763, 4to, 2 vols. ENGLISH.--Aucher, Venice,
1821-1825, 4to, 2 vols. FRENCH.--Aucher, Venise, 1812-1817, 8vo, 2
vols.; (Fr.-Arm. Turc.), ib. 1840, 4to: Eminian, Vienna, 1853, 4to:
Calfa, Paris, 1861, 8vo, 1016 pages; 1872. ITALIAN.--Ciakciak,
Venezia, 1837, 4to. RUSSIAN.--Khudobashev [Khutapashian], Moskva,
1838, 8vo, 2 vols. RUSS. ARM.--Adamdarov, ib. 1821, 8vo: Popov, ib.
1841, 8vo, 2 vols. MODERN WORDS.--Riggs, Smyrna, 1847, 8vo.

Georgian.--Paolini (Ital.), Roma, 1629, 4to: Klaproth (Fr.), Paris,
1827, 8vo: Tshubinov (Russian, French), St Petersburg, 1840, 4to;
1846, 8vo, 2 vols. 1187 pages.

Circassian.--Loewe, London, 1854, 8vo.

Ossetic.--Sjorgen, St Petersb. 1844, 4to.

Kurd.--Garzoni, Roma, 1787, 8vo: Lerch (German), St Petersburg, 1857,
8vo: Id. (Russian), ib. 1856-1858, 8vo.

Persian.--_Burhani Qatiu_, arranged by J. Roebuck, Calcutta, 1818,
4to: _Burhan i Kati_, Bulak, 1836, fol.: Muhammed Kazim, Tabriz, 1844,
fol.: _Haft Kulzum_ (The Seven Seas), by Ghazi ed din Haidar, King of
Oude, Lucknow, 1822, fol. 7 vols. ARABIC.--_Shums ul Loghat_,
Calcutta, 1806, 4to, 2 vols. TURKISH.--Ibrahim Effendi, _Farhangi
Shu'uri_, ib. 1742, fol. 2 vols. 22,530 words, and 22,450 poetical
quotations: _Burhan Kati_, by Ibn Kalif, translated by Ahmed Asin
Aintabi, ib. 1799, fol.; Bulak, 1836, fol.: Hayret Effendi, ib. 1826,
8vo. ARMENIAN.--Douzean, Constantinople, 1826, fol. BENGALI.--Jay
Gopal, Serampore, 1818, 8vo. LATIN.--Vullers (Zend appendix), Bonnae
ad Rhen, 1855-1868, 4to, 2 vols. 2544 pages; Supplement of Roots,
1867, 142 pages. ENGLISH.--Gladwin, Malda in Bengal, 1780, 4to;
Calcutta, 1797: Kirkpatrick, London, 1785, 4to: Moises, Newcastle,
1794, 4to: Rousseau, London, 1802, 8vo; 1810: Richardson (Arab, and
Pers.), ib. 1780-1800, fol. 2 vols.; ed. Wilkins, ib. 1806-1810, 4to,
2 vols.; ed Johnson, ib. 1829, 4to: Ramdhen Sen, Calcutta, 1829, 8vo;
1831: Tucker (Eng.-Pers.), London, 1850, 4to: Johnson (Pers. and
Arab.), ib. 1852, 4to: Palmer, ib. 1876, 8vo, 726 pages.
FRENCH.--Handjeri (Pers. Arab. and Turkish), Moscou, 1841, 4to, 3
vols. 2764 pages: Berge, Leipzig, 1869, 12mo. GERMAN.--Richardson,
translated by Wahl as _Orientalische Bibliotheque_, Lemg, 1788-1792,
8vo, 3 vols. ITALIAN.--Angelus a S. Josepho [i.e. Labrosse] (Ital.
Lat. Fr.), Amst. 1684, fol.

Old Persian.--(Cuneiform), Benfey (German), Leipzig, 1847, 8vo:
Spiegel (id.), ib. 1862, 8vo: Kossovich (Latin), Petropoli, 1872, 8vo.

Zend.--Justi, Leipzig, 1864, 4to: Vullers, Persian Lexicon, Appendix:
Lagarde, Leipzig, 1868, 8vo.

Pahlavi.--_An old Pahlavi and Pazend Glossary_, translated by Destur
Hoshengi Jamaspji, ed. Haug, London, 1867, 8vo; 1870, 8vo: West,
Bombay, 1874, 8vo.

INDIAN TERMS.--_The Indian Vocabulary_, London, 1788, 16mo: Gladwin,
Calcutta, 1797, 4to: Roberts, London, 1800, 8vo: Rousseau, ib. 1802,
8vo: Roebuck (naval), ib. 1813, 12mo: C. P. Brown, _Zillah Dict._,
Madras, 1852, 8vo: Robinson (Bengal Courts), Calcutta, 1854, 8vo;
1860: Wilson, London, 1855, 4to: Fallon, Calcutta, 1858, 8vo.