Chapter XI: The Various Religious Orders (3)

INDEX

Abbot, mode of election of, 44;
confirmation of election of, 47;
installation of, 47;
duties of, 40, 42;
position of, as regarded his community, 48;
position of, in choir, 49;
his seat in cloister, 18

Abingdon, river tolls at, 81

Ablutions, morning, 118

‘Accusations,’ at Chapter, 124

Aidan, St., Celtic apostle of North of England, 12

Ailesford Convent, 241

Aldgate, Christ Church _or_ Holy Trinity, 225

Alexander III. and the Crutched Friars, 246

Alien priories, 41, 218

Almoner, duties and qualifications of the, 90;
presided over the monastic school, 93;
superintended daily Maundy, 92;
had to prepare Mortuary Rolls, 93

Altar, High, one of the most important parts of the church, 15;
in charge of sacrist, 66;
linen, care of, 67

Altars, side, 16

Andrew’s, St., on Cœlian Hill, Benedictine Monastery at, 217

Anthony, St., founder of Eastern monachism, 3;
details of his system of monachism, 3, 4

Antiphoner, duties of, 110

Archivist, 64

_Armarius_, 61

_Ascetae_, 2

Ashridge, Convent of Bonshommes at, 249

Aske, Robert, and schools for girls, and nunneries, 163

_Asperges_, 132

_Aspersorium_, 132

Aubrey, John, recollections of, 154;
account of nuns, 177

_Auditorium_, 32

Augustine, St., mission of, 214

Augustinian Canons, 225;
in Ireland, 226

Augustinians in Ireland, 226

Aumbries for towels, 19

Austin Friars, 241

Barnstaple Priory, 218

Basil, St., his Rule, 7, 8

Baths, arrangement for, 103

Beaumont, Lord and Lady, 162

Bec, Abbey of, 186

Bedtime, hours of, 153

Bellringers, duties of, 208

Benedict, St., birth of, 7;
Patriarch of Western Monks, 7, 213;
and the _Opus Dei_, 13;
his Rule, 8;
the spirit of his Rule, 8

Benedictines, account of, 213;
English, united into Congregations, 191

Benefactors, prayed for in Chapter, 127

Bermondsey Abbey, 218

Berno, abbot of Gigny, 217

Bethlemite Friars, 246

Bishop, relations with regular houses, 180;
and monastic elections, 182;
sometimes invited to appoint superiors, 184;
visited alien priories, 185;
blessing of abbots, 185;
appointed coadjutors to incapable superiors, 188;
privilege accorded to newly elected, 188

Black Canons, 226

Blood-letting, process of, 88

Bodmin Priory, 188

Bonshommes, The, 249

_Book of Nurture_, 166, 167

Books, repair of, 62

Boots, night, 101, 112

Bread for Holy Eucharist, preparation of, 67

Breakfast, 120

Breviator, 64, 93;
duties of, 210

Brewing, 76

Brief, or Mortuary Roll, 64

Brief-bearers, duties of, 210

Bruno, St., and Carthusians, 221

Brusyard Convent, 238

Buckland, abbot of, 187

Butler, Dom, _Introduction_ to “Lausiac History of Palladius,” 3 _seqq._

_Caldaria_, 24

Camerarius, duties of, 100

Candle-making, 68;
candle-making at Grace Dieu, 173

Candles, allowance of, to monks, 69

_Canonici_, 222

Canons, Augustinian, 225;
Black, 226;
Gilbertine, 229;
Premonstratensian, 226;
Regular, 222;
White, 226

Canterbury, situation of church at, 13

Cantor, duties of, 58

_Capitulum_, or Little Chapter, 123

_Caritas_, 79, 138

Carmelites, account of, 238

Carrels, in cloister, 20

Carriers, duties of, 209

Carrow, visitations of, 178

Carthusians, description of, 221

Cassian, _Conferences_, 7;
follower of Egyptian monachism, 6

Caterer, duties of, 202

Cathedral Priories, 40

Cellarer, duties of, 72

Cemetery, in charge of sacrist, 68

Chamberlain, duties of, 100;
assistant, 101

Chapter, daily, 121;
business conducted in, 126;
faults, 124;
process of, 123;
benefactors prayed for in, 127;
Chapter Mass, 120;
sealing of charters in, 125

Chapters, General, 190

‘Charlet,’ 205

Charters, sealed in Chapter, 125

Chester, situation of church at, 13

Choir, position of, 15;
one of most important parts of church, 15;
entrance to from cloister, 15

Chrodegand, bishop of Metz, 222, 225

Church, British, Celtic in origin, 11;
situation of in English monasteries, 13;
care of monks for impropriated, 194

_Circas_, 56

_Circatores claustri_, 56

Cirencester Abbey, 226

Cistercians, 218

Citeaux, and the English houses, 221;
General Chapters at, 190

Clement IV. and the Austin Friars, 241

Clement V. suppresses Templars, 233

Clerkenwell, headquarters of Hospitallers, 230

Clothing of monks, 100

Cluniacs, system of government, 217

Cluny, General Chapters at, 190

Coadjutors, appointed to help incapable superiors, 188

Collation, or Reading, 152

_Collectarium_, 117

Collectors, diocesan, often religious superiors, 189

Columba, St., 10;
Rule of, 214

Columbanus, St., Rule of, 11

_Commanderies_, 230

Common life, definition of, 5

Communion of junior monks, 119

Community, honour shown to, 37

Compline, 153

_Conferences_ of Cassian, 7

_Congé d’élire_, 44, 183

Convent seal, custodian of, 64

Convocation dues, paid by religious houses, 189

Cook, work of, 25;
duties of monastery, 205;
abbot’s, 202;
cook for fish, 207;
duties of guest-hall, 206;
infirmary, 204, 207;
‘pittance,’ 206

Co-operation, foreshadowed under monastic tenure, 199, 200

Council of Lyons and Pied Friars, 242

Cowick Priory, 186

Cox, Rev. Dr., 155

Cressets, 69

Crossed Friars, 246

Cruets, cleansing of, 67

Crutched Friars, 246

_Custodes Ordinis_, 122

“Custodies,” Franciscan, 237

_Custumaria_ of Glastonbury, 196

Cuthbert, St., shrine of, 16

Decorum at table, rules for, 142

Denney Convent, 238

Deposition of superiors, 191

_Discarius_, duties of, 211

Discipline, in Chapter, 124

‘Disport,’ 23

Dinner, 136;
reading at, 138, 141;
serving at, 139;
feeding of the poor at, 141;
dead monk’s portion and place at, 141

Dominic, St., 234

Dominicans, or Black Friars, 234;
at Oxford, 237

Door-keepers, duties of, 210

Durham, hour of Vespers at, 149;
_Halmote Rolls_, 196, 199;
_The Rites of_, 16, 17, 20, 22, 24, 27, 31, 32, 34;
grace-cup of, 24

Edingdon, Convent of Bonshommes at, 249

Education of girls, 162

Election, of superiors, process of, 183;
formal documents needed in an, 46;
by acclamation, 44;
_per compromissum_, 44;
_per viam scrutinii_, 44

_Emptor_, 80

England, early monachism in, 9

Essenes, their practices, 1

Euphemia, abbess of Wherwell, 155

Exemptions of monasteries from episcopal control, 180, 181

_Exennia_, 77

Feet-washing, or _Mandatum_, 84;
arrangements for weekly, 103

Felix of Valois, St., founder of Trinitarians, 245

Ferriby Priory, 233

Fish-cook, 206

Franciscan Friars, 237

_Frater-house_, 21

Fraternity, grant of, in Chapter, 126

_Fratry_, 21

Friars, the, 234;
Bethlemite, 246;
Black, 234;
Crossed, or Crutched, 246;
Grey, 237;
of the Holy Trinity, or Trinitarians, 245;
of Our Lady, or _de Domina_, 245;
of St. Mary de Areno, 242;
Pied, or _de Pica_, 242;
Preaching, 234;
of the Sack, 241;
White, 238

‘Frumenty,’ 205

Gardener, duties of, 209

General Chapters, 190

_Generale_, 151

Gilbert, St., of Sempringham, 229

Gilbertine Canons, 229

Glastonbury, subject to episcopal jurisdiction, 181;
tenants of, 196;
tenure of land by tenants of, 196;
tenants of, at Christmas, 198

Goldstone, Thos., prior of Canterbury, 35

Gospel at Matins, ceremonies connected with, 114

Grace, at meals: before, 138;
after, 143

Grace-cup of Durham, 24

Grace-Dieu, nuns of in 1539, 159;
list of nuns of in 1414, 163;
candle-making at, 173;
chaplain of, 164;
clothing of nuns and retainers of, 169, 170;
commissariat at, 165, 166;
confessors of, 164;
repairs at, 172;
retainers of, 168;
salting at, 174;
visitors at, 163;
wages and work at, 170

Gradual Psalms, recitation of, 112

_Granatorius_, duties of, 76

Grandisson, bishop of Exeter, 186;
relations with Tavistock Abbey, 187

Gregory the Great, St., and Benedictine Rule, 214

Gregory X. suppresses many minor Orders of Friars, 242

Grey Friars, 237

Guests, St. Benedict’s directions about, 98;
reception of, 97;
care of guest-house, 96;
guest-master, duties and qualifications of, 95

_Gyrovagi_, 8

_Halmote Rolls_ of Durham, 196, 199

Hampshire, Victoria History of, 155

Harding, St. Stephen, 218

Hebdomadarian, duties of, 109;
at Matins, 113

Henry V. and the Carthusians, 222

_Herbarium_, 29

Herbert, prior of Bury, 53

Hinton Charterhouse, 222

Honoratus, founder of Lerins, 7

Honorius III. confirms Carmelite Rule, 241;
and the Dominicans, 234

Hospitality, duration of, 32

Hospitallers, Knights, 230

Hostellary, or Hostry, 30

Hunte, Thos., and his daughters, 162

Impropriation of churches, 193;
consent of Holy See required for, 193

Individualism, characteristic of Eastern monachism, 5

Infirmarian, duties and qualification of, 85

Infirmary, cook for, 207;
rules to be observed in, 86

Innocent III. and the Franciscans, 237;
confirms Order of Trinitarians, 245

Innocent IV. approves Carmelite Rule, 241

Iona, type of Celtic monachism, 12

Ireland, Augustinians in, 226

‘Jacobins,’ 234

Jerome, St., translates Rule of St. Pachomius, 7

Jessop, Dr., and Episcopal Visitations, 178

Jocelin of Brakelond, 53

Juniors, Communion of, 119

‘Jussel,’ 205

Katherine, Dame, nun of Carrow, 178

Kington St. Michael, nuns of St. Mary’s at, 177

‘Kirkset,’ 197

Kitchen, position of, 23;
furniture of, 24

Kitchener, duties and qualifications of, 79;
character of, 82;
to be careful about keys, 83

Labour, manual, 148

Ladye Mass, 120

Langesper, Wm., and the Carthusians, 222

Larderer, 82;
duties and qualifications of, 203

Lauds, time of, 116;
ceremonies connected with, 116

Laundresses, 101, 212

Lavatory, position of, 19;
in charge of refectorian, 78

‘Laveroc,’ 197

Lazarus of Jerusalem, Order of, 230

Lectern, position of, 15

Lenton Priory, an exempt house, 181

Lerins, Monastery of, 6

Lessons, reading of, at Matins, 114

‘Letborry,’ 205

Lewes Priory, 218;
exempt house, 181

Librarian, 61

Lighting arrangements of a monastery, 68

Lindisfarne, 12

_Lisca_, 67

Lisle, Ambrose Phillipps de, 158

_Locutorium_, 32

‘Loft,’ 23

Lyons, Council of, and Pied Friars, 242

_Majestas_, 22, 27, 123, 138

_Mandatum_, or feet-washing, 84

Manual labour, 148

Margaret, Dame, nun of Carrow, 178

Marten, Dame Anne, nun of Carrow, 178

Martin of Tours, St., founder of monachism in Gaul, 6

Martyrology, reading of, 122

Mary, St., de Areno, Friars of, 242

Mass, Ladye, 120;
Morning, or Chapter, 120;
High or Conventual, 131;
ceremonies at High, 135

Masses, private, 118

_Master of Works_, 70

Matha, St. John of, founder of Trinitarians, 245

Matins, 111;
order of, 112

_Matricularius_, 70

Maturines, or Trinitarians, 245

Maud, abbess of Wherwell, 155

Maud, Queen, 225

Maundy, daily, superintended by almoner, 92

_Mensa Major_, 22

Mentmore, Michael de, abbot of St. Alban’s, 35

Midelton, Dame Katherine, sub-cellarer of Grace-Dieu, 158 _seqq._

Military Orders, 230

_Minister Major_, title of, 246

Minoresses, 238

Minorites, 237

‘Misericord,’ 23

_Missa familiaris_, 118

Mixtum, or breakfast, 120

Monachism:
Celtic, in England, 9;
similar to that of Egypt, 9;
peculiarity of, 10;
idea of Eastern, 3;
Individualism, characteristic of Eastern, 5

Monasteries, dependent, 41

Monastery:
its rulers, 37;
blessing of, with holy water, 133;
parts of:
I., Church, 13;
II., Cloisters, 17;
III., Refectory, 21;
IV., Kitchen, 24;
V., Chapter-house, 27;
VI., Dormitory, 27;
VII., Infirmary, 28;
VIII., Guesthouse, 30;
IX., Parlour or Locutorium, 32;
X., Almonry, 33;
XI., Common-room or Calefactory, 33;
XII., Library, 34

Monastic life, origin of, 1

_Monasticon_, Dugdale’s, 245

Monte Cassino, Benedictines at, 213;
destroyed by Lombards, 214

‘Mortrews,’ 205

Mortuary Roll, 64;
preparation of, duty of almoner, 93

Mount St. Bernard’s Abbey, 158

Music, instructor of, 61

_Mustardarius_, duties of, 208

Nicke, Bishop, visitation of in 1514, 178

Norwich, _Episcopal Visitations of the Diocese of_ (edited by Dr.
Jessop), 178;
Pied Friars at, 242

Novice-master, duties and qualifications of, 105;
his seat in the Cloister, 18

Novices, 21;
reception of, 106;
training of, 106;
profession of, 108

Nunnaminster, girls’ school at, 177

Nuns, account of, 154 _seqq._;
account of by John Aubrey, 154, 177

Obedientiaries, 58

‘Observants,’ 237

Officials, weekly, 109

_Opus Dei_, 13

Orders, Military, 230

‘Oriel,’ 23

_O Sapientia_, 34

Oxford, Dominicans at, 237

Pachomius, St., founder of a monastery, 3;
details of his system of monachism, 4, 5

_Palladius, Lausiac History of_, 3

Paris, Matthew, 246, 249

Parliament, abbots and priors in, 195;
monastic, 128

Penance, Brethren of, 241;
use of Sacrament of, 118

_Penitentia_, Friars _de_, 241

Peter the Venerable, abbot of Cluny, 221

Petronilla, Dame, cellarer of Grace-Dieu, 158 _seqq._

Pied Friars, 242

Pilgrimage of Grace, and the Convents, 163

Pittance, 151;
pittance-cook, 206

Pocket-money for monks, 105

Poor Clares, 238

Pork, as food, 160

Porter of monastery, 19

Precentor, duties of, 58;
librarian, 61;
archivist, 64;
one of custodians of Convent Seal, 64;
instructor of music, 61

Preceptories, 230, 233

Premonstratensian Canons, 226

Prémontré, Abbey of, 226;
General Chapters at, 190

Prime, time of, 117

Prior, Claustral, appointment and duties, 52, 54;
qualifications of, 53;
his seat in Cloisters, 18

_Pro-aula_, 30

Procession, Sunday, 133

Procurations, contributed to, by religious houses, 189

Provincial Synods, regular clergy represented at, 190

Pudding-house, 211;
pudding-wives, duties of, 75, 211

_Rasura_, 104

Reader in refectory, duties of, 110

Reading, Lenten, 62;
books for, during meals, 63;
preparation for public, 63

‘Recollects,’ 237

Recreation, 144-146

Rectory and Vicarage, distinction between, 194

Redman, Richard, bishop and abbot, 226

Refectorian, duties of, 77;
had charge of lavatory, 78;
sampled cheeses, 79

Refectory, position of, 19, 21

Reigate Convent, 246

_Rentalia_ of Glastonbury, 196

Repairs, arrangements for, 101

Repose after dinner, 147

_Rere-dortor_, 28

_Revestiarius_, 70;
duties of, 71

Reyner, Clement, 246

_Rites of Durham, The_, 16, 17, 20, 22, 24, 27, 31, 32, 34

Robert, St., of Molesmes, 218

Rods for discipline, to be found by almoner, 93

Rubricators, 63

Rupibus, Peter de, bishop of Winchester, 234

Sack, Friars of the, 241

Sacrist, duties of, 66;
qualifications of, 70;
looked after cemetery, 68;
looked after lighting, 68

Salter, duties of, 208

Salting winter provisions, 174

Sampson, abbot of Bury, 53

Sarabites, 8

School, monastic, 93

_Scot-ales_, 198

Scribes, 63

_Scylla_, 22

Seal, custodian of Convent, 64

‘Second Table,’ 144

Secretary, duties of, 70, 71

Sellying, Wm., prior of Canterbury, 35

Sepulchre, Canons of the Holy, 245

‘Sergeant’s hill,’ 208

Sergius, St., Abbey of, 186

Servants, paid, 201;
under the cellarer, 73

Servers, weekly duties of, in kitchen, 83;
in the refectory, 110;
in the church, 208

Shap Abbey, 229

Shaving, arrangements for, 103;
process of, a religious act, 104

Shene Charterhouse, 222

Somerset Record Society, 196

‘Spane,’ 23

Stalls, choir, position of, 15

_Statio_, 121

Stoics, their teaching, 1

Stonesgate Priory, 218

Subiaco, foundation of St. Benedict at, 213

Sub-cellarer, duties and qualifications of, 75

Sub-prior, appointment and duties of, 55

Succentor, duties of, 59, 65

Superiors, position of, in choir, 16

Supper, 150

Surtees Society, 196

Symbolism in church-building, 14

Synods, Provincial, regular clergy represented at, 190

_Tabula_, signal for talking, 128;
_sonatila_, 128

_Tabulae_, 63

‘Table, Second,’ 144

Tailoring, 102

Tanning, instance of, 169

Tavistock Abbey, Bishop Grandisson and, 187

Templars, Knights, 233

Temple, London, 233;
Master of the, 233

Tenants, monastic, 196

Thetford, visitation of, in 1514, 178

Tierce, when said, 121

Towels, aumbries for, 19;
provision of, 103;
to be often changed, 78

Treasurer, 70;
duties of, 72

Trinitarians, 245

Turnbroach, 204;
duties of, 211

Tywardreath Priory, 186

University training for monks, 192

Uprising, time for, 111

Valet, abbot’s, 203

Verdon, Lady Rohesia de, 158

Vergil, Polydore, 249

Vespers, 149

Vicarage and Rectory, distinction between, 194

Visitations, injunctions and monitions at, 188

Vitelers, 82

Waltham Cross Abbey, 226

‘Wardenships,’ Franciscan, 237

Washing, in the morning, 118

Watchen, abbot of Abingdon, 81

Water, Holy, blessing of, 132;
sprinkled, before monks retired to bed, 153

Waterbeche Convent, 238

Welbeck Abbey, 226

Wessington, prior of Durham, 35

Whethamstede, Abbot, 35

Wherwell, nunnery of, 155

White Canons, 226;
White Friars, 238

‘White Ladies’ of Grace-Dieu, 162

William, Earl of Warren, 218

Work, daily, 147;
workrooms, 36

York, St. Mary’s Abbey, subject to episcopal jurisdiction, 181

PLYMOUTH

WILLIAM BRENDON AND SON PRINTERS

FOOTNOTES:

[1] _Texts and Studies, Cambridge_, vol. vi., No. 1, p. 233.

[2] _Ibid._

[3] _Ibid._, p. 234.

[4] _Ibid._, p. 235.

[5] _Ibid._, p. 236.

[6] _Ibid._, p. 247.

[7] _Ibid._, p. 256.

[8] _The Celtic Church of Wales_, J. J. Willis Bund, p. 166.

[9] A preceptory of Knights of St. Lazarus, temp. Edw. III.

[10] For London, see also Clerkenwell and Haliwell.

Transcriber’s Notes:

Passages in italics are indicated by _italics_.

Superscripted characters are indicated by {superscript}.