Chapter III: Schedules (2)

585, 2. yá-uks is remedy in general, spiritual as well as material. Here a tamánuash song is meant by it, which, when sung by the conjurer, will furnish him the certainty if his patient is a relapse or not. There are several of these medicine-songs, but all of them (nánuk hû´k shuī´sh) when consulted point out the spider-medicine as the one to apply in this case. The spider’s curing-instrument is that small piece of buckskin (ubá-ush) which has to be inserted under the patient’s skin. It is called the spider’s medicine because the spider-song is sung during its application.

585, 10. gutä´ga. The whole operation is concealed from the eyes of spectators by a skin or blanket stretched over the patient and the hands of the operator.

585, 10. kiatéga. The buckskin piece has an oblong or longitudinal shape in most instances, and it is passed under the skin sideways and very gradually.

585, 11. tánkĕni ak waítash. Dave Hill gave as an approximate limit five days’ time.

SWEAT-LODGES.

In the Klamath Lake Dialect by Minnie Froben. Obtained by A. S. Gatschet.

É-ukshkni lápa spû´klish gítko.
The lake people two (kinds of) sweat-lodges have.

Ḵúḵiuk ḵĕlekapkash spû´klishla
To weep over the deceased they build sweat-lodges

yépank käíla;
digging up the ground;

stutílantko spû´klish, käíla waltchátko.
are roofed (these) sweat-lodges with earth covered.

Spû´klish a sha shû´ta kué-utch,
(Another) sweat-lodge they build of willows,

kítchikan’sh stinága=shítko; skû´tash a wáldsha [3]
a little cabin looking like blankets they spread

spû´klishtat tataták sĕ spukliá.
over the sweating-lodge when in it they sweat.

Tátataks a hû´nk wéas lúla, tatátaks
Whenever children died, or when

a híshuaksh tchímĕna, snáwedsh wénuitk,
a husband became widower, (or) the wife (is) widowed,

ḵû´ḵi ḵĕlekátko, spû´klitcha
they weep for cause of death go sweating

túmi shashámoks=lólatko;
many relatives who have lost;

túnepni waítash tchík sa hû´uk spû´klia. [6]
five days then they sweat.

Shiúlakiank a sha ktái húyuka
Gathering they stones (they) heat (them)

skoilakuápkuk;
to heap them up (after use);

hútoks ktái ḵá-i tatá spukliû´t’huīsh.
those stones never having been used for sweating.

Spúklish lúpĭa húyuka;
Sweat lodge in front of they heat (them);

ḵélpka a át, ílhiat átui,
heated (being) when, they bring (them) inside at once,

ḵídshna ai î ámbu, kliulála.
pour on them water, sprinkle.

Spû´kli a sha túmĕni “hours”; ḵélpkuk [9]
Sweat then they several hours; being quite warmed up

géka shualkóltchuk péniak ḵō´ḵsh
they leave (and) to cool themselves off without dress

pépe-udshak éwagatat, ḵóḵetat, é-ush wigáta.
only to go bathing in a spring, river, lake close by.

Spukli-uápka mā´ntch.
They will sweat for long hours.

Shpótuok i-akéwa kápka,
To make themselves strong they bend down young pine-trees

skû´tawia sha wéwakag knû´kstga.
(they) tie together they small brushwood with ropes.

Ndshiétchatka knû´ks a sha shúshata. [12]
Of (willow-)bark the ropes they make.

Gátpampĕlank shkoshkî´lχa ktáktiagi
On going home they heap up into cairns small stones

hû´shkankok ḵĕlekápkash, ktá-i shúshuankaptcha î´hiank.
in remembrance of the dead, stones of equal size selecting.

NOTES.

No Klamath or Modoc sweat-lodge can be properly called a sweat-_house_, as is the custom throughout the West. One kind of these lodges, intended for the use of mourners only, are solid structures, almost underground; three of them are now in existence, all believed to be the gift of the principal national deity. Sudatories of the other kind are found near every Indian lodge, and consist of a few willow-rods stuck into the ground, both ends being bent over. The process gone through while sweating is the same in both kinds of lodges, with the only difference as to time. The ceremonies mentioned 4-13. all refer to sweating in the mourners’ sweat-lodges. The sudatories of the Oregonians have no analogy with the _estufas_ of the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, as far as their construction is concerned.

586, 1. lápa spû´klish, two sweat-lodges, stands for two _kinds_ of sweat-lodges.

586, 5. shashámoks=lólatko forms _one_ compound word: one who, or: those who have lost relatives by death; cf. ptísh=lûlsh, pgísh=lûlsh; hishuákga ptísh=lúlatk, male orphan whose father has died. In the same manner, ḵĕlekátko stands here as a participle referring simultaneously to híshuaksh and to snáwedsh wénuitk, and can be rendered by “_bereaved_”. Shashámoks, distr. form of shá-amoks, is often pronounced sheshámaks. Túmi etc. means, that many others accompany to the sweat-lodge, into which about six persons can crowd themselves, bereaved husbands, wives or parents, because the deceased were related to them.

586, 7. Shiúlakiank etc. For developing steam the natives collect only such stones for heating as are neither too large nor too small; a medium size seeming most appropriate for concentrating the largest amount of heat. The old sweat-lodges are surrounded with large accumulations of stones which, to judge from their blackened exterior, have served the purpose of generating steam; they weigh not over 3 to 5 pounds in the average, and in the vicinity travelers discover many small cairns, not over four feet high, and others lying in ruins. The shrubbery around the sudatory is in many localities tied up with willow wisps and ropes.

586, 11. Spukli-uápka mā´ntch means that the sweating-process is repeated many times during the five days of observance; they sweat at least twice a day.

A DOG’S REVENGE.

A Dakota Fable, by Michel Renville. Obtained by Rev. S. R. Riggs.

Śuŋka waŋ; ḳa wakaŋka waŋ waḳiŋ waŋ taŋka hnaka.
Dog a; and old-woman a pack a large laid away.

Uŋkan śuŋka ḳoŋ he sdonya.
And dog the that knew.

Uŋkaŋ waŋna haŋyetu, uŋkaŋ wakaŋka iśtiŋmaŋ kećiŋ
And now night, and old-woman asleep he thought

ḳa en ya: tuka wakaŋka kiŋ sdonkiye
and there went: but old woman the knew

ć̣a kiktahaŋ [3] waŋke,
and awake lay,

ć̣a ite hdakiŋyaŋ ape ć̣a kićakse,
and face across struck and gashed,

ć̣a nina po, keyapi.
and much swelled, they say.

[588]

Uŋkaŋ haŋḣaŋna hehaŋ śuŋka tokeća waŋ en hi,
And morning then dog another a there came,

ḳa okiya ya.
and to-talk-with went.

Tuka pamahdedaŋ ite mahen inina yaŋka.
But head-down face within silent was.

Uŋkaŋ taku ićante niśića heciŋhaŋ omakiyaka wo, eya.
And what of-heart you-bad if me-tell, he-said.

Uŋkaŋ, Inina yaŋka wo, wakaŋka [3] waŋ
And, still be-you, old-woman a

teḣiya omakiḣaŋ do, eya, keyapi.
hardly me-dealt-with, he-said, they say.

Uŋkaŋ, Tokeŋ nićiḣaŋ he, eya.
And, How to-thee-did-she, he-said.

Uŋkaŋ, Waḳin waŋ taŋka hnaka e waŋmdake
And, Pack a large she-laid-away I-saw

ć̣a heoŋ otpa awape:
and therefore to-go-for I waited:

k̇a waŋna haŋ tehaŋ k̇ehan, iśtiŋbe seća e
and now night far then, she-asleep probably

en mde ć̣a pa timaheŋ [6] yewaya,
there I went and head house-in I-poked,

uŋkaŋ kiktahaŋ waŋke śta hećamoŋ:
and awake lay although this-I-did:

k̇a, Śi, de tukten yau he,
and, shoo, this where you-come,

eye, ć̣a itohna amape,
she-said, and face-on smote-me,

ć̣a dećen iyemayaŋ ce, eye ć̣a kipazo.
and thus she-me-left he-said and showed-him.

Uŋkaŋ, Huŋhuŋhe! teḣiya ećanićoŋ do,
And, Alas! alas! hardly she-did-to-you,

ihomeća waḳiŋ kiŋ uŋtapi [9] kta ce,
therefore pack the we-eat will,

eye ć̣a, Mnićiya wo, eya, keyapi.
he-said and, Assemble, he-said, they say.

Ito, Minibozaŋna kićo wo,
Now, Water-mist call,

ḳa, Yaksa taŋiŋ śni kico wo,
and Bite off not manifest call,

Tahu waśaka kico wo, ḳa, Taisaŋpena kico wo,
Neck strong invite, and, His-knife-sharp call,

eya, keyapi. Uŋkaŋ owasiŋ wićakićo:
he-said, they-say. And all them-he-called:

ḳa waŋna owasiŋ en [12] hipi hehaŋ
and now all there came then

heya, keyapi:
this-he-said, they-say:

Ihopo, wakaŋka de teḣiya ećakićoŋ će;
Come-on, old-woman this hardly dealt-with;

miniheić̣iyapo, haŋyetu hepiya waćonića wakiŋ waŋ
bestir-yourselves, night during dried-meat pack a

teḣiŋda ḳa on teḣiya ećakićoŋ tuka,
she-forbid and for hardly dealt-with-him but,

ehaeś untapi kta će, eya, keyapi. [15]
indeed we eat will he-said, they say.

Uŋkaŋ Minibozaŋna ećiyapi ḳoŋ he waŋna maġaźukiye
Then Water-mist called the that now rain-made,

ć̣a, aŋpetu osaŋ maġaźu ećen otpaza;
and, day all-through rained until dark;

ḳa wakeya owasiŋ nina spaya,
and tent all very wet,

wihutipaspe olidoka owasiŋ taŋyaŋ ḣpan.
tent-pin holes all well soaked.

Uŋkaŋ hehaŋ Yaksa taŋiŋ śni wihutipaspe [18] kiŋ
And then Bite-off-manifest-not tent-fastenings the

owasiŋ yakse, tuka taŋiŋ śni yaŋ yakse
all bit-off, but slyly bit-off

nakaeś wakaŋka kiŋ sdonkiye śni.
so that old-woman the knew not.

Uŋkaŋ Tahuwaśaka he waḳiŋ ḳoŋ yape ć̣a maniŋkiya
And Neck-strong he pack the seized, and away off

yapa iyeya, ḳa tehaŋ eḣpeya. Hećen
holding-in-mouth-carried and far threw-it. So

Taisaŋpena waḳiŋ ḳoŋ [21] ćokaya kiyaksa-iyeya.
His-knife-sharp pack the in-middle tore-it-open.

Hećeŋ waḳiŋ ḳoŋ haŋyetu hepiyana temyaiyeyapi,
Hence pack the night during they-ate-all-up,

keyapi.
they say.

Hećen tuwe wamanoŋ keś,
So that who steals although,

saŋpa iwaḣaŋić̣ida wamanoŋ waŋ hduze, [24]
more haughty thief a marries,

eyapi eće; de huŋkakaŋpi do.
they-say always; this they-fable.

NOTES.

588, 24. This word “hduze” means _to take_ or _hold one’s own_; and is most commonly applied to a man’s taking a wife, or a woman a husband. Here it may mean either that one who starts in a wicked course consorts with others “more wicked than himself,” or that he himself grows in the bad and takes hold of the greater forms of evil--_marries_ himself to the wicked one.

It will be noted from this specimen of Dakota that there are some particles in the language which cannot be represented in a translation. The “do” used at the end of phrases or sentences is only for emphasis and to round up a period. It belongs mainly to the language of young men. “Wo” and “po” are the signs of the imperative.

TRANSLATION.

There was a dog; and there was an old woman who had a pack of dried meat laid away. This the dog knew; and, when he supposed the old woman was asleep, he went there at night. But the old woman was aware of his coming and so kept watch, and, as the dog thrust his head under the tent, she struck him across the face and made a great gash, which swelled greatly.

The next morning a companion dog came and attempted to talk with him. But the dog was sullen and silent. The visitor said: “Tell me what makes you so heart-sick.” To which he replied: “Be still, an old woman has treated me badly.” “What did she do to you?” He answered: “An old woman had a pack of dried meat; this I saw and went for it; and when it was now far in the night, and I supposed she was asleep, I went there and poked my head under the tent. But she was lying awake and cried out: ‘Shoo! what are you doing here?’ and struck me on the head and wounded me as you see.”

Whereupon the other dog said: “Alas! Alas! she has treated you badly, verily we will eat up her pack of meat. Call an assembly: call _Water-mist_ (_i.e._, rain); call _Bite-off-silently_; call _Strong-neck_; call _Sharp-knife_.” So he invited them all. And when they had all arrived, he said: “Come on! an old woman has treated this friend badly; bestir yourselves; before the night is past, the pack of dried meat which she prizes so much, and on account of which she has thus dealt with our friend, that we will eat all up”.

Then the one who is called _Rain-mist_ caused it to rain, and it rained all the day through until dark; and the tent was all drenched, and the holes of the tent-pins were thoroughly softened. Then _Bite-off-silently_ bit off all the lower tent-fastenings, but he did it so quietly that the old woman knew nothing of it. Then _Strong-neck_ came and seized the pack with his mouth, and carried it far away. Whereupon _Sharp-knife_ came and ripped the pack through the middle; and so, while it was yet night, they ate up the old woman’s pack of dried meat.

_Moral._--A common thief becomes worse and worse by attaching himself to more daring companions. This is the myth.

* * * * *
* * * *

_Errors and Inconsistencies: Recording_

583, 2. [583, 2.]
those / stones / never / having been used for sweating.
[_final . missing_]

* * * * *
* * * *
* * * * *

INDEX.

Page.
Abbreviations in signs 338
Abiquiu, Ancient cemetery of 111
Abnaki, Intelligence communicated by 369
Absaroka, Tribal signs for 458
Abstract ideas expressed in signs 348
Acaxers and Yaquis, cairn burial 143
Actors, modern, Use of gestures by 308
Addison, Gestures of orators 294
Adjective, The, in Indian tongues 10
“Adjedatig” 197
Adultery, Wyandot law for 66
Adverbial particles 13
Adverbs in Indian tongues 10, 11, 13
Aerial burial in canoes, Chinooks 171
sepulture 152
Æschylus, Theatrical gestures 286
Affirmation, Sign for 286, 454
Agglutination in language 4
Alaric’s burial 181
Alarm, Signs for 529, 538
Alaska cave burial 129
Alaskan Indians, Dialogue between 492
mummies 134, 135
Alaskans, Sign language of the 313
Alden, E. H., Scaffold burial 161
Aleutian Islanders, embalmment 135, 136
Algonkian myth 27
Algonkins, Burial fires of the 198
Alibamans, Aquatic burial of suicides by 180
Alive, Sign for 421
All together, Sign for 523
Allen, Dr. Harrison 208, 225, 238, 245
, Miss A. J., Burial sacrifice 189
Ancient burial customs of barbaric tribes 152
cemetery of Abiquiu 111
nations, Tree burial of 165, 166
Ancientism defined 33, 39
Ancients, Curious mourning observances 165, 166
Anger, Sign for 301
, Signal for 529
Antelope, Signs for 410
Anthropologic archæology 73, 74
data, limitation of use of 73-86
ethnic characteristics 76, 77
history, customs 76, 77
language 78-81
mythology 81, 82
origin of man 77, 78
picture writing 75
psychology 83, 86
sociology 83
Antiquity of cremation 143
of gesture speech 285
Apache pictographs connected with signs 372
, Tribal signs for 459
Apaches, Smoke signals of the 538
Aphasia, Gestures in 276
Apingi burial 125, 126
Applause, Signs for 300
Application, Practical, of sign language 346
Approbation, Sign for 286
Aquatic burial, Alibamans, of suicides 180
, Cherokees 180
, Chinooks 180
, Gosh-Utes 181
, Hyperboreans 180
, Ichthyophagi 180
, Itzas 180
, Kavague 180
, Lotophagians 180
, Obongo 180
Arapaho, Tribal signs for 460
Arbitrary signs 340
Archæologic research connected with sign language 368
Archæology, Limitations to the Use of,
in study of anthropology 73, 74
Argyle, Duke of, Gestures of Fuegans 293
Ankara, Tribal signs for 461
Arm positions, Outlines of, in sign language 545
Arrangement in descriptions of signs 546
Art, Modern Italian, exhibiting gestures 292
Article pronouns in Indian languages 9, 10
Articulate speech, preceded by gesture 274, 284
Artificial articulation 275, 307
Ascena or Timber Indians 103
Asking, Signs for 291, 297
Assinaboin, Tribal signs for 461
Astute, Sign for 305
Athenæus, Account of Telestes 286
, Classification of gestures 285
Atkins, Dr. Francis H., Signs of Apaches 325
Atlas showing cessions of land 252
Atsina, Tribal signs for 462
Attention, Signal for 539
Atwater, Caleb, Burial mounds 117
Austin, Rev. Gilbert, Chironomia 289
Australian scaffold burial 167
Australians, Gestures of 306
Authorities in sign language, List of 401
Ax, Sign for 380
Aztecs and Taracos, Burial sacrifice 190

Bad, Signs for 411
Baldwin, C. C., Pottawatomie surface burial 141
Balearic Islanders, Cairn burial 143
Banak, Tribal signs for 462
Bancroft, H. H., Burial sacrifice 190
, Canoe burial in ground 112
, Costa Rica hut burial 154
, Doracho cist burial 115
, Esquimaux burial boxes 155
, Huitzilopochtli, description of 231
, Maya hieroglyphics, mode of reading 223
, Mourning, Central Americans 185
, Pima burial 98
, Superstitions regarding dead 201
Band, G. H. 229
Barbaric tribes, Ancient burial customs of 152
Barber, E. A., Burial urns 138
, Partial cremation 151
Bari of Africa, burial 125
Bartram, John, Cabin burial 122
, Choctaw ossuary 120
, Partial scaffold burial 169
Battle, Sign for 419
Bear, Signs for 412
Bechuana burial 126
Beckwourth, James, Crow mourning 183
Bede, The venerable, Treatise on gestures 287
Beechey, Capt. F. W., Lodge burial 154
Bell, Prof. A. Graham, Vocal articulation of dogs 275
Beltrami, J. C., Burial feast 190
, Burial posts 197
Benson, H. C., Choctaw burial 186
Bessels, Dr. Emil, Esquimaux superstition 198
Beverly, Robert, Virginia mummies 131
Bibliography of North American Philology xv
Birgan, Meaning of word 93
Blackbird’s burial 139
Blackfeet burial lodges 154
cairn burial 143
tree burial 161
, Tribal signs for 462
Blind, Gestures of the 278
Bonaks, Cremation 144
Bone cleaning of the dead 168
Boner, J. H., Moravian mourning 166
Born, Signs for 356
Bossu, M., Burial denied to suicides 180
, Signs of the Atakapa 324
Boteler, Dr. W. C., Oto burial ceremonies 96
Boundaries, Indian 253
Box burial, Creek, Choctaw, and Cherokee 155
, Esquimaux 155, 156
, Indians of Talomeco River 155
, Innuits and Ingaliks 156, 158
, Kalosh 156
Braam, S. A. van 229
Bransford, Dr. J. C., U.S.N., Burial urns discovered by 138
Brasseur de Bourbourg, C. E. 208, 210, 243, 244
Brave, Signs for 352, 364, 414
Brebeuf, Pere de, Burial feast 191
Brice, W. A., Surface burial 141
Brinton, Dr. D. G., Burial of collected bones 170
Brother, Sign for 521
Bruhier, J. J., Corsican customs 147
, Persian burial 103
Brulé Dakota colloquy in signs 491
Sioux, tree and scaffold burial 158, 160
Buffalo, Sign for 488
, Signals for, discovered 532
Burchard, J. L., Pit burial 124
Bushmann, J. C. E, Signs of Accocessaws 324
Butler, Prof. James D., Italian signs 408
Butterfield, H., Shoshone cairn burial 143
Burial, Apingi 125, 126
, Aquatic 180
canoes and houses 177-179
, Bari of Africa 125
, Bechuanas 126
beneath or in cabins, wigwams, or houses 122
, Box 155
, Carolina tribes 93
, Caddos 103
, Cairn 142
, Cairn, Ute 142
case, Cheyenne 162, 163
, Cave 126
, Chieftain, of the 110, 111
, Classification of 92-93
, Damara 126
dance, Yo-kaí-a 192, 194
dances 193
feast, Description of, by Beltrami 190, 191
, Hurons, of the 191
feasts 190
, superstitions regarding 191
fires, Algonkins 198
, Yurok 198
, Esquimaux 198
food 192
games 195
, Grave 101
, Ground, in canoes 112
in logs 138, 139
in mounds 115
in standing posture 151, 152
, Indians of Virginia 125
, Iroquois 140
, Kaffir 126
, Klamath and Trinity Indians 106, 107
, Latookas 126
, Lodge 152
lodges, Blackfeet 154
, Cheyenne 154
, Shoshone 153, 154
, Muscogulges 122, 123
, Meaning and derivation of word 93
, Moquis 114
, Navajo 123
, Obongo 139, 140
of Alaric 181
of Blackbird 139
of De Soto 181
of Long Horse 153
of Ouray 128
, Parsee 105, 106
, Pit 93
, Pitt River Indians 151
posts, Sioux and Chippewa 197, 198
, Round Valley Indians 124
sacrifice, Aztecs and Tarascos 190
, Indians of Northwest 180
, Indians of Panama 180
, Natchez 187, 189
, Tsinūk 179
, Wascopums 189, 190
, Sacs and Foxes 94, 95
scaffolds 162
song, Schiller’s 110, 111
of Basques and others 195
superstitions, Chippewas 199, 200
, Indians of Washington Territory 201
, Karok 200
, Kelta 200
, Modocs 200, 201
, Mosquito Indians 201
, Tlascaltecs 201
, Tolowa 200
, Surface 138, 139
, Urn 137
and cover, Georgia 138
, New Mexico 138
Burton, Capt. R. F., Arapaho language 314

Cabéça de Vaca, Signs of Timucuas 324
Cabins, wigwams, or houses, Burial beneath or in 122
Cabot, John 250
, Sebastian 250
Caddo, Tribal sign for 464
Caddos, Burial 103
Cairn burial, Acaxers and Yaquis 143
, Balearic Islanders 143
, Blackfeet 143
, Esquimaux 143
, Kiowas and Comanches 142, 143
, Pi-Utes 143
, Reasons for 143
, Shoshonis 143
Calaveras Cave 128, 129
California steatite burial urn 138
Camp, Signals for 532, 539
Campbell, John, Burial songs 195
Canes sepulchrales 104
Canoe burial in ground 112
, Mosquito Indians 112, 113
, Santa Barbara 112
, Clallam 173, 174
, Twana 171, 173
Canoes and houses, Burial 177-179
Canoes, Superterrene and aerial burial in 171
Capture, Sign for 506
Caraibs, Verification of death 146
Card catalogue of hieroglyphs 223
Carolina tribes, Burial among 93
Catlin, George, Burial of Blackbird 139
, Golgotha of Mandans 170
, Mourning cradle 181
Cave burial 126
, Alaska 129
, Calaveras 128, 129
, Utes 127, 128
Cessions of land, xxvii, 249
by the Indians, in Indiana 257
original and secondary 256
Chalchihuitlicue 237
Cherokee aquatic burial 180
Chesterfield, Lord, Gestures of orators 311
Cheyenne burial case 162, 163
lodges 154
, Tribal signs for 464
Chief, Signs for 353, 416
Chiefs, Wyandot, Election of 61, 62
Child, Signs for 304, 356
Children, Gestures of young 276
Chillicothe mound 117, 118
Chinese characters connected with signs 356, 357
, Expedient of the, in place of signs 306
Chinook aerial burial in canoes 171
aquatic burial 180
jargon 313
mourning cradle 181, 182
Chippewa burial superstitions 199, 200
mourning 184
scaffold burial 161, 162
widow 184, 185
Chironomia, by Rev. Gilbert Austin 289
Choctaw mound burial 120
scaffold burial 169
Choctaws funeral ceremonies 186
Cĭn-au´-äv brothers, a Shoshoni myth 44, 45
Cist burial, Doracho 115
graves, Kentucky 114, 115
, Indians of Illinois 114
Cistercian monks, Gestures of the 288, 364
Cists or stone graves 113
, Solutré 113
, Tennessee 113
Clallam canoe burial 173, 174
house burial 175
Clarke, Mr. Ben., Local source of sign language 317
Classic pantomimes 286
Classification of burial 92
Cleveland, Wm. J., Tree and scaffold burial 158
Codex Telleriano Remensis 243
Cold, Signs for 345, 486
Collaborators in sign language, List of 401
Collected bones, Interment of 170
Collecting signs, Suggestions for 394
Comanche inhumation 99, 100
, Tribal signs for 466
Combination in Indian tongues 7
language, Process of 3, 7
Come here, Signals for 529, 532
Comédie Française, Gestures of the 309
Comparison, Degrees of, in sign language 363
of English with Indian 15
Compounding in language 3
Congaree and Santee Indians, embalmment 132, 133
Conjunctions in sign language 367
Conjurers’ practice 583
Connotation of Indian nouns 8
Conventionality of signs 333, 336, 340
Copan, Statues of 207, 224, 227, 228, 229, 245
Corbusier, Dr. William H., local source of sign language 317
, Sign for strong 304
Corporeal gestures generally 270, 273
Correspondents, Foreign, on sign language 407
Corsican funeral custom 147
Cortez, H. 209
Council, Indian, at Huron village 251
Cox, Ross, Cremation 144
Coyotero Apaches, Inhumation 111, 112
Cradle, mourning, Illustration of 181
Crafty, Sign for 303
Cree, Tribal signs for 466
Crock, Choctaw, and Cherokee box burial 155
Creeks and Seminoles, Inhumation 95, 96
“Hallelujah” of the 195
Cremation, Antiquity of 143
, Bonaks 144
furnace 149
, Indians of Clear Lake 147
, Indians of Southern Utah 149
mound, Florida 148, 149
, Nishinams 144
, Partial 150, 151
, Se-nél 147, 148
, Tolkotins 144-146
Cresollius, Precedence of gestures 282
, Value of gestures 280
Crimes, Wyandot laws for 66, 67
Crow lodge burial 153
mourning 183, 184
Cuculkan. (_See_ Quetzalcoatl.)
Curious mourning observances of ancients 165, 166
Curtiss, E., Exploration by 115, 116
Cut with an ax, Sign for 550

Dakhnias 104
Dakota calendar 373, 377, 382, 384
, Tribal signs for 467
Dalgarno, George, Gestures real writing 355
, Works of 284, 287
Dall, W. H., Burial boxes 156
, Cave burial 129
, Mummies 134
Damara burial 126
Dance for the dead 192
Dances, Burial 192
Danger, Signals for 529, 532
Danish burial logs 139
Darwin, Charles, Analysis of emotional gestures 270
, Gestures of Fuegans 293
Day, Signs for 371
Dead, Dance for the 192
Deaf and dumb, American annals of the 293
Deaf-Mute College, National, Test of signs at the 321
Deaf-mutes, Methodical signs of 362
, Milan Convention on instruction of 307
, Signs of instructed 362, 397
, Signs of uninstructed 277
, Sounds uttered by uninstructed 277
Death, Signs for 353, 420, 497
Deceit, Signs for 303
Deciphering, Principles of 207
Defiance, Signals for 530
Delano, A., Tree burial 161
Denial of the existence of sign language, Mistaken 326
Derision, Sign for 301
Derivation, how accomplished 7
Desaix, le Capitaine 210
Description of burial feast 190, 191
De Soto’s burial 181
Devilism defined 32
Devouring the dead, Fans of Africa 182
, Indians of South America 182, 183
, Massageties, Padæns, and others 182
Dialects, Numerous, connected with gesture language 294, 306
Dialogues in sign language 486
Dictionary of sign language, Extracts from 409
Differentiation of parts of speech 8
Disappearing Mist, Account of 327
Discontinuance of sign language, Circumstances
connected with the 312
Discourses in signs 521
Discovery, Signals for 533
Diversities in signs, Classes of 341
Diversity of language 28
Divisions of sign language 270
Dodge, Col. Richard I., Abbreviations of signs 339
, Identity of sign language 316, 335
Dog, Signs for 321, 387
Dog’s revenge, a Dakota fable 587
Dolmens in Japan 115
Done, finished, Sign for 513, 522, 528
Doracho cist burial 115
Dorsey, Rev. J. Owen, linguistic researches xvii
, Mistaken denial of signs 326
Doubt, Sign for 512
Drew, Benjamin, Schiller’s burial song 110
Drink, Sign for 301, 344, 357
Dumas, Alexandra, Sicilian signs 295
Dumont, M. Butel de, House burial 124
Dupe, Sign for 305
Dust signals 541

Eat, Sign for 301, 480
Echo, Origin of; a Shoshoni myth 45-47
Ecstasism defined 36
Eells, Rev. M., Canoe burial 171
Egyptian characters connected with signs 304, 355, 357, 358,
359, 370, 379, 380
Embalmment, Aleutian Islanders 135, 136
, Congaree and Santee Indians 132, 133
or mummification 130
Emblems distinguished from signs 389
Encampment regulations (Wyandot) 64
Engelhardt, Prof. C. 139
Esquimaux box burial 155, 156
burial fires 198
cairn burial 143
lodge burial 154
Ethnic characteristics, Limitations to the use of,
in study of anthropology 76
Ethnologic facts connected with signs 384
Etymology of words from gestures 352
European ossuaries 191
Evening, Signs for 353
Evolution, distinguished from invention of sign language 319, 388
of language 3
Excavation of Indian mound, North Carolina 120-122
Exchange, Signs for 454
Explorations in Southwest xxx

Facial expression generally 270, 273
play, giving detailed information 271
Falling Star (myth) 27
Family, The term, defined 59
Fans of Africa devour the dead 182
Fatigue, Sign for 305
Fay, Prof. E. A., contributions on signs 309, 408
Fear, Sign for 506
Feasts, Burial 190
Fellowhood, Wyandot institution of 68
Female, Signs for 300, 357
Ferdinand, King of Naples, speech in signs 294
Fetichism, The term, defined 32, 41
Fingers, Details of position of, in sign language 392
, Special significance in disposition of, by Italians 285
Fire arrows, Signals by 540
, Signs for 344, 380
Fires, Burial 198
Fiske, Moses, Cists 113
Flathead, Tribal signs for 468
Florida cremation mound 148, 149
mound burial 119, 120
Food, Burial 192
Fool, Signs for 297, 303, 345, 505, 506
Ford, Lieut. Geo. E., U.S.A., Cabin burial 123
Foreign correspondents on sign language 407
Foreman, Dr. E., Burial urns 138
, Cremation 149
Foster, J. W., Urn burial 137
, Cremation 150
Fox, Tribal sign for 468
Frémont, General J. C., Signs of Pai-Utes and Shoshonis 324
Friend, friendship, Signs for 384, 491, 527
Funeral ceremonies, Choctaws 186
, Twanas and Clallams 176
custom, Corsican 147
Furnace, Cremation 149

Gageby, Capt. J. H., U.S.A., Box burial 155
Gallaudet, President T. H., Facial expression 271
, President E. M., Test of Utes in signs 321, 323
Games, Burial 195
Gardner, Dr. W., U.S.A., Theory of scaffold burial 167
Gatschet, A. S., Linguistic and general researches
among the Klamaths 19
Gender in Indian languages 9
in sign language 366
Genesis of philosophy 19
Gens, The term, defined 59
Gesture language and gesture speech. (_See_ Sign language.)
Gesture speech, Study of xxxiii
Gestures as an occasional resource 279
as survival of a sign language 330
, blind, of the 278
, Etymology of words from 352
in mental disorder 276
, Involuntary response to 280
, fluent talkers, of 279
, Language not proportionate to development of 293, 314
low tribes of men, of 279
lower animals, of 275
modern actors, used by 308
modern orators, used by 311
young children, of 276
Ghost gamble 195-197
Gianque, Florian, Mound burial 120
Gibbs, George 106
, Burial canoes and houses 177
, Comparative vocabulary 555
Gilbert, G. K., Klamath burial 147
, Moquis burial 114
, Pueblo etchings 371, 372, 373
Gillman, Henry, Exploration of mound 148
Given, Dr. O. G., Cairn burial 142
Glad, Sign for 495
“Golgothas,” Mandans 170
Good, Signs for 424
Gosh-Utes, Aquatic burial amongst 181
Government, Wyandot civil 61
, Functions of 63
Grammar, Sign language with reference to 359
Grammatic processes, agglutination 4
, combination 3
, compounding 3
, inflection 4
, intonation 6
, juxtaposition 3
, placement 7, 8
, vocalic mutation 5
Grass, Sign for 343
Grave burial 101
Greek vases, Figures on, explained by modern
, Italian gestures 289, 290
Gregg, Dr. P., Surface burial 140
Grinnell, Dr. Fordyce, Comanche inhumation 99
, Wichita burial customs 102
Grossman, Capt. F. E., Pima burial 98
Gros Ventres and Mandans, Scaffold burial 161
Grow, Sign for 343

Habitation, Signs for 427
Haerne, Mgr. D. de, Works on sign language 292
Hale, Horatio, Mohawk signs 327
“Hallelujah” of the Creeks 195
Halt! Signals for 530, 535
Hammond, Dr. J. F., Burial lodges 154
Hand positions, Types of 547
Hand-shaking, connected with signs 385
Hardisty, W. L., Log burial in trees 166
Harpokrates, Erroneous character for 304
Hawkins Line (boundary) 253
Hear, Signs for 376
Hecastotheism, The term, defined 30, 32
Hénto (Gray Eyes), Wyandot signs 327
Heredity, Cases of, in speech 276, 277
Herrera 232
Hesitation, Signs for 291
Hidatsa superstitions 199
, Tribal signs for 469
Hieratic art 210
Hieroglyphs 210
are read in a certain order. 223
(_See_ Egyptian characters.)
Hind, Henry Youle, Burial feast 191
History of sign language 285
and customs, Limitations to the use of,
in study of anthropology 76, 77
Hoffman, Dr. W. J. 99
, Collaboration of, in sign language 399
, Drawing of Pima burial 111, 153
Holbrook, W. C., Burial mounds 118
Holden, Prof. E. S., Studies on Central American
picture writing xxv
Holmes, W. H., Artistic aid of 400
, Drawings by 106, 203
Home, Signs for 483, 485
Homomorphy of signs with diverse meanings 342
Horn sign, Italian 298, 299
Horse, Signs for 433
Hough, Franklin B., Canoe burial in the ground 112
House, Signs for 427
burial, Clallams 175
, Paskagoulas and Billoxis 124, 125
Huitzilopochtli 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234,
235, 236, 238, 239, 241
Humboldt, Signs of South Americans 307
Hunger, Signs for 304, 485
Hurons, Burial feast of 191
Hyperboreans, aquatic burial 180

Ichthyophagi, aquatic burial 180
Illinois mounds 118
, Purchase of land for Indians in 254
Illustration, Scheme of, in sign language 544
Illustrations, Examples of, for collaboration
on sign language 550
Indian, generically, Signs for 469
languages, Discussion of 516
mound in North Carolina, Excavation of 120-122
title, Character of 249
tongues, Relative position of 15
Indiana, Cession of land by the Indians 257
Indians, Condition of the, favorable to sign language 311
of Bellingham Bay, lodge burial 154
of Clear Lake, cremation 147
of Costa Rica, lodge burial 154
of Illinois, cist burial 114
of Northwest, burial sacrifice 180
of Panama, burial sacrifice 180
of South America devour the dead 182, 183
of Southern Utah, cremation 149
of Talomeco River, box burial 155
of Taos, inhumation 101, 102
of Virginia, burial 125
of Washington Territory, burial superstition 201
, Theories respecting the signs of 313
Inflection in English language 14
in language 4
, Paradigmatic 7, 15
Inhumation 93
, Comanches 99, 100
, Coyotero Apaches 111, 112
, Creeks and Seminoles 95, 96
, Indians of Taos 101, 102
, Mohawks 93
, Otoe and Missouri Indians 96, 97, 98
, Pimas 98, 99
, Wah-peton and Sisseton Sioux 107-110
, Wichitas 102, 103
, Yuki 99
Innuit and Ingalik box burial 156-158
Innuits, Sign language of 307
Inquiry, Signs for 291, 297, 303, 447, 480, 486, 494
, Signals for 531, 536
Insult, Sign of 304
Interjectional cries 283
Interment of collected bones 170
Interrogation, Mark of, in sign language 367
Intonation, Process of 6, 7
Invention of new signs in sign language 387
Involuntary response to gestures 280
Iroquois scaffold burial 169, 170
surface burial 140
, Studies among xxii
Isolation, Loss of speech by 278
Italians, Modern, Signs of 285, 305
Itzas, Aquatic burial 180

Jacker, Very Rev. Edward, Disuse of signs 325
Japan dolmens 115
Jenkes, Col. C. W., Partial cremation 150
Johnston, Adam, Cremation myth 144
Jones, Dr. Charles C., Stone graves of Tennessee 114
, Natchez burial 169
Jorio, The canon Andrea de, Works on sign language 289
Joseph, Judge Anthony, Inhumation of Taos Indians 101
Joy, Signs for 300
Justice, Sign for 302
Juxtaposition in language 3

Kaffir burial 126
Kaibabit myth 28
Kaiowa, Tribal signs for 470
Kalosh box burial 156
Karok burial superstition 200
Kavague aquatic burial 180
Kaw-a-wāh 142
Keating, William H., Burial scaffolds 162
, Burial superstitions 199
Keep, Rev. J. R., Syntax of Sign language 360
“Keeping the Ghost” 160
Kelta burial superstition 200
Kent, M. B., Sac and Fox burial 94
Kentucky cist graves 114, 115
mummies 133
Kickapoo, Tribal signs for 470
Kill, Signs for 377, 437
Kin chē-ĕss, Address of 521
Kingsborough, Lord 210
Kinship society 68, 69
Kiowa and Comanche cairn burial 142, 143
Kitty-ka-tats 102
Klamath and Trinity Indians, burial 106, 107
Indians, General researches among xix
Klingbeil, William, Partial cremation 151
Knife, Sign for 386
Kutine, Tribal signs for 470

Lafitau, J. F. 182
Land cessions 249
Language, Diversity of 28
, Evolution of 3-16
, Limitations to the use of, in study of anthropology 78, 81
, Primitive, theories upon 282
, Processes of 3-8
“Last cry” 186
Lately, Signs for 366
Latookas burial 126
Landa, Bishop 208, 243
Landa’s hieroglyphic alphabet 208
Lawson, John, Partial embalmment 132
, Pit burial 93
Lea, John M. 253
Lean Wolf’s Complaint, in signs 526
Leemans, Dr. 229
Leibnitz, Signs connected with philology 349
syntax 360
Leonardo da Vinci 292
Leon y Gama 232
Letter of transmittal iii
Lie, falsehood, Signs for 345, 393, 550
Lightning, Signs for 373
Linguistic researches xvii, xviii
among the Klamaths xix
Lipan, Tribal sign for 471
List of illustrations, Burial customs 87
, Sign language 265
Living sepulchers 182
Lockwood, Miss Mary 224
Lodge burial 152
, Crow 153
, Esquimaux 154
, Indians of Bellingham Bay 154
, Indians of Costa Rica 154
, Sioux 152, 153
Log burial 138, 139
, Danish 139
in trees, Loucheux 166
Long Horse, burial of 153
Loss of speech by isolation 278
Lotophagians, Aquatic burial 180
Loucheux, log burial in trees 166
Love, Signs for 345, 521
Low tribes of men, Gestures of 279
Lower animals, Gestures of 275
Lucian, de saltatione 287

McChesney, Dr. Charles E. 107-111
“Ghost gamble” 195
McDonald, Dr. A. J., Rock fissure burial 127
McKenney, Thomas L., Scaffold burial 161
, Chippewa widow 184
McKinley, William, Burial urns 13
Macrobrian Ethiopians, Preservation of the dead 136, 137
Mahan, I. L., Chippewa mourning 184
Maiming, Wyandot law for 66
Man, Origin of, in connection with
the study of anthropology 77, 78
, Sign for 416
Mandan “Golgothas” 170
, Tribal sign for 471
Mano in fica, Neapolitan sign 300
Manuals, Preparation of, for use in original research xxxii
Manuscript Troano 234
Many, Signs for 445, 496, 524, 535
Marriage regulations (Wyandot) 63, 64
, Signs for 290
Mason, Prof. O. T., Work of xxii
Matthews, Dr. Washington, U.S.A., Hidatsa superstition 199
, Tree burial 161
Maya characters connected with signs 356, 376
Medicine, Signs for 386
Medicine-man, Signs for 380
Menard, Dr. John, Navajo burial 123
Mental disorder, Gestures in 276
Methodical signs of deaf-mutes 362
Mexican characters connected with signs 357, 375, 377, 380, 382
Miami Valley mound burial 120
Michaëlius, Algonkin signs 324
Michaux, R. V., Exploration of mound on farm of 12
Miclantecutli 229, 232
Midawan, a ceremony of initiation 122
Migration regulations (Wyandot) 64
Milan convention on instruction of deaf-mutes 307
Military government (Wyandot) 68
Miller, Dr. C. C., Assistance from 197
Missouri River, Sign for 477
Mitchell, Dr. Samuel L., Kentucky mummies 133, 134
Modal particles 13
Mode in Indian tongues 12
Modern use of sign language 293
Modification, how accomplished 7
Modoc burial superstition 200, 201
Mohawks, Inhumation 93
Money, Sign for 297
Monotheism defined 30, 32, 142
Months, their hieroglyphs 243
Moon, Indian explanation of 24
myth 25
Moose, Sign for 495
Moqui pictographs connected with signs 371, 373
Moquis burial 114
Moravian mourning 166
Morgan, Lewis H., Atsina signs 312
, Burial dance 192
, Partial scaffold burial 169
Morse, E. S., Dolmens in Japan 115
, Japanese signs 442
Mortuary customs of North American Indians xxvi
Parthians, Medes, etc. 104
Persians 103, 104
Mosquito Indians, Burial superstition of 201
, canoe burial in ground 112, 113
Mother, Sign for 479
Motions relative to parts of body in sign language 393
Mound burial 115
, Choctaws 120
, Florida 119, 120
, Miami Valley 120
, Ohio 117, 118
Mounds, Illinois 118, 119
of stone 118
Mourning ceremonies, Sioux 109, 110
, Chippewa 184
cradle, Chinook 181, 182
engraving of 181
, Crows 183, 184
customs of widows 185, 186
, Indians of Northwest 179
, Moravian 166
observances, Twana and Clallams 176
sacrifice, feasts, food, etc 183
MS. Troano 234
Much, Signs for 446
Müller, J. G., Mexican gods 232
Müller, Max, Theories relating to language 277, 281, 283
Mummies, Alaskan 134, 135
, Kentucky 133
, Northwest coast 135
, Virginia 131, 132
Mummification or embalmment 130
Mummification, Theories regarding 130
Murder, Wyandot law for 66
Muret, Pierre, Living sepulchres 182
, Persian mortuary customs 103
Muscogulge burial 122, 123
Mutation, Vocalic 5
Myth, Rain (Hindoo) 27
, Falling stars (Ute) 27
, Migration of birds (Algonkian) 27
, Moon (Ute) 25
, Norse 26
, Oraibi 25, 27
, Rain (Shoshoni) 26, 27
, Rainbow (Shoshoni) 27
, Sun (Ute) 24
Mythic tales 43-56
Cĭn-aú-äv brothers 44, 45
, Origin of 37
Origin of the echo 45-47
The so-pus wai-un-äts 47-51
Ta-wots has a fight with the sun 52, 56
Mythologic philosophy, Course of evolution of 38-43
, Devilism 32
, Fetichism 32, 41
, Four stages of 29, 33
, Hecastotheism 30, 32
, Monotheism 30, 32
, Outgrowth from 33, 38
, Physitheism 30, 32
, Psychotheism 30, 32
, Zootheism 30, 32
Mythology, Indian 19-56
, Limitations to the use of, in study of anthropology 81, 82
Myths, language, Hebrew 28
, Kaibabit 28

Name regulations of the Wyandot tribe 64
Naolin 230
Narratives in sign language 500
Natchez burial sacrifice 187-189
scaffold burial 169
Natci’s narrative in signs 500
National Deaf-Mute College 321, 408
Natural pantomime 280
signs 307, 340
Navajo burial 123
Na-wa-gi-jig’s story in signs 508
Neapolitan gestures and signs 289, 296-305
Negation of affirmative in sign language 391
, Signs for 290, 299, 300, 304, 355, 440, 494
Norm 142
New Mexico burial urn 138
Night, Signs for 358
Nishinams, Cremation among the 144
Nomenclature 211, 220
Norris, P. W., lodge burial 153
Norse rain myth 26
North Carolina Indians, Partial cremation 150, 151
Northwest coast mummies 135
, Indians of, mourning 179
Nothing, none, Signs for 322, 355, 356, 443
Nouns in Indian tongues 11
Now, Signs for 366

Obongo aquatic burial 180
surface burial 139, 140
Observers, Queries for, regarding burial 202, 203
Occasional resource, Gestures as an 279
Ohio mound burial 117
Oh-sah-ke-uck 94
Ojibwa and Cree surface burial 141
dialogue in signs 499
pictographs connected with signs 371, 372, 376, 380, 381
, Tribal sign for 472
Old man, Sign for 338
Omaha colloquy in signs 490
myth 581
Onomatopeia 283
Opposite, Signs for 353
Opposition in sign language 364
Oraibi myth 27
Oral language defined 273
, primitive 274
Orators, modern, Gestures used by 311
Origin of man, in connection with the study
of anthropology 77, 78
sign language 273
Original and secondary cessions 256
Osage, Tribal signs for 472
Ossuaries, European 191
Otis, Dr. George A., U.S.A., Burial case 162
Oto and Missouri Indians, Inhumation 96-98
Ouray, Burial of 128
, head chief of Utes 315, 328
Outlawry, Wyandot institution of 67
Owsley, Dr. W. J., Cist graves 114

Palenque, Statues of 207, 224, 237-239, 245
Pani, Tribal signs for 472
Pantomime, Natural 280
Pantomimes, Classic 286
Paradigmatic inflection 7, 15
Partial cremation 150
, North Carolina Indians 150, 151
scaffold burial and ossuaries 168
Particles, Adverbial 13
, Modal 13
, Pronominal 13
, Tense 13
Parsee burial 105, 106
Partisan, Signs for 384, 418
Paskagoulas and Billoxis, House burial 124, 125
Patricio’s narrative in signs 505
Peace, Signals for 530, 534, 535
, Signs for 438
Pend d’Oreille, Tribal sign for 473
Period, Mark of, in sign language 368
Permanence of signs 329
Persians, Mortuary customs of the 103, 104
Personal adornment regulations (Wyandot) 64
Peruvian characters connected with signs 371
“Pet-chi-é-ri” 200
Philology, Relation of sign language to 349
Philosophy, Genesis of 19
, Mythologic, Ancientism 33
, Course of evolution of 38-43
, Ecstasism 36
, Mythic tales 37
, Monotheism 42
, Outgrowth from 33-38
, Physitheism 42
, Psychotheism 42
, Religion 37, 38
, Spiritism 35, 36
, Thaumaturgics 37
, Theistic society 35
, Tutelarism 41
, Zoötheism 38, 39, 40
of civilization 21
of savagery 21
, Stages of 21
Phrases in sign language 479
Phratry defined 60, 61
Physitheism defined 30, 32
Pictographs connected with sign language 368
Picture writing, Central American 25
, Limitations to the use of, in study of anthropology 75
Pilling, J. C., Bibliography of North American Philology xv
Pimas, Inhumation among 98, 99
Pinart, M. Alphonse, Pima burial 98
Pinkerton, John, Virginia mummies 131
Piros 101
Pit burial 93
Pitt River Indians, Burial and cremation 151
Pi-Ute cairn burial 143
Placement, Process of 6-8
Porter, Prof. Samuel, Thought without language 277
Possession, Right of 252
, Sign for 484, 524
Posts, Burial 197
Potherie, De la M., Surface burial 140
Powell, J. W., Indian orthography 484
, Inflexions in Indian languages 351
, Linguistic classification 403
, Stone graves or cists 113
Powers, Stephen, Burial dance 192
, Burial song 194
, Burial superstition 200
, Origin of cremation 144
, Se-nél cremation 147
, Yuki burial 99
Preparation of dead, Similarity of, between Comanches
and African tribes 100
Prepositions in Indian tongues 11
sign language 367
Preservation of dead, Macrobrian Ethiopians 136, 137
, Werowance of Virginia 131, 132
Pretty, Signs for 300
Priest, Josiah, Box burial 155
Primitive language, Theories upon 282
oral language 274
Prisoner, Sign for 345
Processes of language 3-8
Pronominal particles 13
Pronouns in Indian languages 9-10
Proper names in sign language 364, 476
Psychology, Limitations to the use of,
in the study of anthropology 83, 86
Psychotheism defined 30, 32
Pueblo pictographs connected with signs 373
, Tribal sign for 473
Punctuation in sign language 367
Purchases of land from Indians in Illinois 254
Putnam, F. W., Stone graves or cists 115, 116

Quantity, Signs for 291, 359, 445
Queries for observers regarding burial 202, 203
Question, Signs for 291, 297, 303, 447, 480, 486, 494
, Signals for 531, 536
Quetzalcoatl 230, 237, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243
Quintilian, Antiquity of gesture language 285
, Powers of gesture 280
, Questioning by gesture 449
, Rules for gesture 285
Quiogozon or ossuary 94

Rabbit, Sign for 321
Rabelais, Forced and mistaken signs 338
, Head shaking 441
, Primitive language 282
, Sign for marriage 290
, Signs addressed to women 310
, Universal language 287
Raffaelle, Attention to gestures 292
Railroad cars, Sign for 322
Rain myth, Hindoo 27
, Oraibi 26
, Shoshone 26, 27
, Signs for 344, 357, 372
Rainbow myth (Shoshoni) 27
Rapport necessary in gestures 310
Ran, Dr. 221
Reason for cairn burial 143
Rejection, Signs for 298, 299
Religion, Origin of 37, 38
Remarks, Final 203
Researches in sign language, how made 395
Results sought in study of sign language 346
Revenge, A dog’s; a Dakota fable 587
Review of Turner’s narrative 165
Ride, Sign for 551
Riggs, S. R., Linguistic researches xviii
Robertson, R. S., Surface burial 139
Roman, Bernard, Choctaw hone houses 168
, Funeral customs of Chickasaws 123
Round Valley Indians, burial among 124
Royce, C. C., Cessions of land xxvii
Ruxton 324

Sac, or Sanki, Tribal sign for 473
Sacrifice 187
Sacs and Foxes, burial among 94, 95
, surface burial 140, 141
Safety, Signals for 536
Sahaptin, Tribal sign, for 473
Same, similar, Sign for 385
Sauer, Martin, Aleutian mummies 135
Sauks, Foxes, and Pottawatomies, surface burial among 151
Sayce, Prof. A. H., Origin of language in gestures 283, 284
Scaffold burial, Australia 167
, Chippewas 161, 162
, Choctaw 169
, Gros-Ventres and Mandans 161
, Iroquois 169, 170
, Natchez 169
, Sioux 163, 164
, Tent burial on 174
Scaffolds, Theory regarding 167, 168
Schiller’s burial song 110
Schoolcraft, Henry R., Burial posts 197
, Comparative vocabulary 555
, Cremation myth 144
, Mohawk burial 93, 95
, Partial embalmment 132
Scocciare, Italian sign for 298
Seechaugas 158
Sellers, George Escoll, Cist burial 114
Se-nél, Cremation among the 147, 148
Sepulture, Aerial 152
Seraglio, mutes of the, Gestures of the 307
Shawnee, Tribal sign for 474
Sheepeater, Tribal signs for 474
Sheldon, William, Caraib burial customs 146
Shoshone burial lodges 153, 154
cairn burial 143
myth 26, 27
, Tribal signs for 474
Sibscota, Mutes of Seraglio 307
Sicard, Abbé, Deaf mute signs 277, 288, 362
Sicaugu 158
Sicily, Gesture language in 295
Sign language, Abstract ideas expressed in 348
, Alaskans, of the 513
, Antiquity of 285
, Apache pictographs connected with 372
, Archæologic research connected with 368
, Arrangement in description of signs in 546
, Australian 306
, Authorities in, list of 401
, Chinese characters connected with 356, 357
, Cistercian monks, of 283, 364
, collaborators in, List of 401
, comparison, Degrees of, in 363
, Conjunctions in 367
, Convention, not requiring 334
, Corporeal gestures in 270, 273
, correspondents, Foreign, on 407
, deaf-mutes, of uninstructed 277
, dialects, numerous, connected with 294
, Dialogues in 486
, Dictionary of, Extracts from 409
, Discontinuance of 312
, Discourses in 521
, Egyptian characters connected with 304, 355, 357-359,
370, 379, 380
, Emotional gestures in 270
, Ethnologic facts connected with 384
evolved rather than invented 319
, Facial expression in 270, 273
, fingers, Details of position of, in 392, 547
, Gender in 366
, Grammar connected with 359
, hand positions, Types of, in 547
, History of 285
, illustration, Scheme of, in 544
, Indian and deaf-mute, compared 320
and foreign, compared 319
, Special and peculiar is the 319
, Indians, North American, Once universal among 324-326
, Conditions favorable to 311
, Innuits, of the 307
, interrogation, Mark of, in 367
, Invention of new signs in 387
, Italians, modern, of 285, 305
, Languages, Indian, compared with 351
, Maya characters connected with 356, 376
, Mexican characters connected with 357, 375, 377, 380, 382
, Mistaken denial of existence of 326
, Modern use of 293
, Modern use of, by other than North American Indians 320
, Motions relative to parts of body in 393, 545
, Narratives in 500
, Negation or affirmative in 391
, Ojibwa pictographs connected with 371, 372, 380, 381
, Opposition in 364
, Oral language not proportioned to development of 293, 314
, Origin of 273
, Origin of, from a particular tribe 316
, Outlines of arm positions in 545
, period, Mark of, in 368
, Peruvian characters connected with 371
, Phrases in 479
, Pictographs connected with 368
, Practical application of 346
preceded articulate speech 274, 284
, Prepositions in 367
, Prevalence of Indian system of 323
, Proper names in 364, 476
, Pueblo pictographs connected with 373
, Punctuation, in 367
, Philology, relation of, to 349
, Researches, Mode in which made on 395
, Resemblance to Indian languages 351
, Results sought in the study of 346
, Seraglio, of the mutes of the 307
, Sicilian 295
, Sociologic conditions connected with 293, 294
, South American 307
, Survival of 306
, Syntax connected with 359
, Tense in 366
, Time in 366
, Tribal signs in 458
, writing, Origin of, connected with 354
Signals, Apache 534
bodily action, Executed by 529
, Cheyenne and Arapaho 542
, Dust 541
, Fire arrows used in 540
, Foreign 549
, Smoke 536
when person signaling is not seen 536
with objects in connection with personal action 532
Signs, Abbreviation in 338
, Arbitrary 340
, Conventional 333, 336, 340
, deaf-mutes, of uninstructed 277
, diversities in, Classes of 341
, Forced 336
, Homomorphy of, with diverse meanings 342
, Mistaken 336
, Natural 307, 340
, Oral language, not proportioned to development of 293, 314
, Permanence of 329
, Power of, compared with speech 347, 349
, Surviving in gesture 330
, Symmorphs in 343
, Synonyms in 341
, Systematic use of, distinguished from uniformity of 330
, Theories of Indians, respecting the 313
Silence, Sign for 304
Simpson, Capt. J. H., U.S.A., Aquatic burial 181
Sioux and Chippewa burial posts 197, 198
lodge burial 152, 153
mourning ceremonies 109, 110
scaffold burial of the 163, 164
tree burial of the 161
Small, Sign for 302
Smoke, Sign for 343, 380
signals 536
, Foreign 539
Smyth, R. Brough, Australian, signs 306, 408
Society, Kinship 68, 69
Sociologic conditions connected with use of gestures 293
Sociology, Limitations to the use of,
in study of anthropology 83
So´-kus wai´-un-äts, a Shoshoni myth 47-51
Soldier, Signs for 344, 449, 505
Solutré cists 113
Songs, Burial 194
, of Basques and others 195
South Americans, Signs of 307
Southern Indians, Urn burial among 137
Spainhour, Dr. J. Mason, Curious burial 120
Speak, speech, Signs for 345, 373
Speech, Differentiation of parts of 8
Spencer, J. W., Partial surface burial 140
Spiritism defined 35, 36
Squirrel, Sign for 321
Standing posture, Burial in 151, 152
Stansbury, Capt. H., U.S.A., Lodge burial 152
Steamboat, Sign for 388
Steatite burial urn, California 138
Stephens, John L. 207-210
Sternberg, Dr. George M., U.S.A., Grave mounds 119
, Burial case discovered 162
Stevenson, James, Exploration by xxx
Stone graves or cists 113
mounds 118
, Signs for 386, 515
Stupidity, Signs for 303
Submission, Signals for 531
Suggestions for collecting signs 394
Sun, Indian explanation of 24
, moon, star myth (Oraibi) 25
myth (Ute) 24
, Signs for 344, 370
Sunrise, Sign for 371
Superstition, Hidatsa 199
regarding burial feasts 191
Superstitions, Burial 199
Superterrene and aerial burial in canoes 171
Surface burial 138, 139
, Ojibways and Crees 141
, Sacs and Foxes 140, 141
, Sauks, Foxes, and Pottawatomies 141
Surrender, Signals for 531, 536
Surrounded, Signal for 536
Suspicion, Sign for 306
Swan, James G., Canoe burial 171
, Klamath burial 106
, Superstitions 201
Sweat lodges 586
Swedenborg, Primitive language 288
Symbols, distinguished from signs 388
Symmorphs in signs 343
Synonyms in signs 341
Syntactic relation, how accomplished 7
Syntax, Sign language with reference to 359

Tāh-zee 142
Talkers, fluent, Gestures of 279
Ta-vwots´ fights the sun; a Shoshoni myth 52, 56
Tegg, William, Antiquity of cremation 143
, Towers of silence 104
Tendoy-Huerito dialogue in signs 486
Tennanah, Tribal sign for 475
Tennessee cists 113
Tense in Indian tongues 12
in sign language 336
particles 13
Tent burial on scaffold 174
Teoyaomiqui 229
Tetzcatlipoca 230
Thaumaturgics 37
Theft, Signs for 292, 345
, Wyandot law for 66
Theistic society defined 35
Theories regarding mummification or embalmment 130
regarding use of scaffolds 176, 168
Tiffany, A. S., Cremation furnace 149
Timberlake, H., Aquatic burial 180
Time, in sign language 386
, long, Sign for 522
, Signs for 350, 508
Title, Indian, Character of 249
inheres in discoverer 249
Tlaloc 229, 230, 231, 233-239, 241, 244
Tlascaltecs, burial superstition 201
To-day, Signs for 386
Tolkotin cremation 144, 146
Tolow burial superstition 200
Tompkins, Gen. Chas. H., U.S.A., Partial cremation 151
Torquemada 232
Touatihu 230
Towers of silence, Description of 104-106
Trade, Signs for 381, 450, 495
Treason, Wyandot law for 67
Treaties at Fort Harmar 251
Tree and scaffold burial 158
, Brulé Sioux 158, 160
burial, ancient nations 165, 166
, Blackfeet 101
, Sioux 101
, Signs for 343, 496, 524
Tribal government based on kinship 68, 69
signs 458
society, A study of (Wyandot) 59-69
Troano, Manuscript 234
Trumbull, Dr. J. Hammond, Composition of Indian words 351
Tsinūk burial sacrifice 179
Tso-di-á-ko’s Report, in signs 524
Turner, Dr. L. S., Scaffold burial 163
Turner’s narrative, Review of 165
Tutelarism defined 41
Twana and Clallam mourning observances 176
canoe burial 171-173
Twanas and Clallams, funeral ceremonies 176
Tylor, Dr. E. B, Sign language 293, 320, 323

Uniformity of signs distinguished from their systematic use 330
Urn burial by Southern Indians 137
Ute cairn burial 142
cave burial 127, 128
myth 23, 24, 22
, Tribal signs for 475

Valentini 243
Van Camper, Moses. Mode of burial of Indians
inhabiting Pennsylvania 112
Van Vliet, Gen. Stewart, U.S.A., Tree and scaffold burial 153
Variank 208
Verbs in English language 14
Indian tongues 10, 11
Verification of death, Caraibs 146
Village, Signs for 386
Vinci, Leonardo da, use of gestures 292
Virginia mummies 131, 132
Vocalic mutation in language, Process of 7