Chapter V: Manufacture of Bone Glue

Comminution of the bones; Various methods of extracting the fat;
Boiling bones 74

Steaming bones and apparatus for this purpose 75

Extraction of bones with benzine or carbon disulphide; Apparatus for
the use of benzine invented by Messrs. Wm. Adamson and Charles F. A.
Simonis of Philadelphia, Pa., described and illustrated 76

Adamson’s method for treating substances with hydrocarbon vapor for
the purpose of extracting oils, fats, etc., described and
illustrated 79

Adamson’s method for treating substances with liquid hydrocarbon for
the purpose of extracting oils, fats, etc., described and
illustrated 82

Adamson’s process for removing hydrocarbons from substances which
have been treated therewith, described and illustrated 84

F. Seltsam’s apparatus, described and illustrated 86

F. Seltsam’s apparatus as improved by Th. Richter, described and
illustrated 88

Alfred Leuner’s apparatus, described and illustrated 90

Extraction with hydrochloric acid 91

Sulphurous acid process 92

Generation of sulphurous acid 93

Apparatus for the generation of sulphurous acid constructed by Dr.
Bruno Terne, described and illustrated; Conversion of cartilage into
glue; Wm. Friedberg’s apparatus for this purpose, described and
illustrated 94

Mode of operation with this apparatus 95

Construction of the filter used in connection with the
apparatus 96

Settling tank, described and illustrated; Arrangement of an open
evaporating pan, described and illustrated 98

Cooling the glue liquor; Use of refrigerating machines for that
purpose; Spiral evaporators 100

Vacuum pan for evaporating glue and gelatine liquors, described and
illustrated 101

Instrument which indicates the amount of dry glue in the solution,
described and illustrated 103

Process for the simultaneous utilization of bones for fat, bone-meal
and glue 104

Crushing the bones; Apparatus for subjecting the crushed bones to the
action of high-pressure steam, described and illustrated 105

Mode of operation with this apparatus 106

Duration of steaming the bones for the manufacture of animal
charcoal 107

Sorting the bones for the manufacture of animal charcoal; Former
method of carbonization 108

Arrangement of a Belgian retort-furnace, described and
illustrated 109

Products evolved in the destructive distillation of bones; Mode of
operation with Belgian retort-furnaces 112

Products obtained in making animal charcoal on a large scale; Process
for the simultaneous utilization of the bones for fat, glue and
calcium phosphate; Degreasing the bones 113

Treatment of the bones with hydrochloric acid; Preservation of the
resulting cartilage; Boiling the cartilage in open vessels 114

Mode of extracting the phosphates from bones; Yield of glue obtained
from cartilage after extraction of the mineral constituents;
Constituents of the liquor obtained by treating the bones 115

Utilization of the liquor in the manufacture of fertilizers 116