Chapter XXII: The Gymnasium and the Palaestra (3)

Eutelidas of Sparta, pentathlete and wrestler, 57, 70

Euthymus of Locri Epizephyrii, boxer, worshipped as a hero, 77

Exaenetus of Agrigentum, runner, triumphal entry of, 77

Exercises, classification of, heavy and light, 364;
according to Galen, 509

Exoïdas, inscribed diskos of, 316

Festivals—
Actia, reorganized by Augustus, 168
Adriania, 180
Antinoea, 176
Asclepiea at Epidaurus, 180, 254
Assinaria, commemorated on coins of Syracuse, 465
Augustalia at Neapolis, regulations for, 169, 175, 271
Augustea, 180
Azan in Arcadia, 31
Balbillea, 180
Capitolia at Rome, 170
Carnea, 72
Chrysanthina at Sardis, 180
Delia, 33
Dioclea at Megara, 3
Eleutheria at Plataea, 31, 108, 286
Erotidia, 372
Eusebea at Puteoli, 180
Euryclea at Sparta, 184 n. 2
Haliea at Rhodes, 31
Heraclea at Sparta, 180
Heraea at Olympia, 47, 272
Heraea at Argos, 180
Hermaea in palaestra, 469
Leonidaea at Sparta, 176, 184, 491
Olympia at Aegae, 154;
Alexandria, 181;
Antioch, 170;
Dium, 152;
Athens, Smyrna, Ephesus, 180
Petraea, 211
Ptolemaea, 150
Soteria, 158
_Vide_ Olympia, Isthmia, Nemea, Athenian festivals

Flamininus at the Isthmia, 162

Flavius Archibius, T., of Alexandria, pankratiast, inscription, 181

Flavius Artemidorus, T., pankratiast, inscription, 179

Flute-player accompanies athletics, 302, 476

Foot-race, the, 270;
length of races, 270;
supposed pre-eminence of stade-race, 272;
the start, 273;
use of starting lines, 274;
position of runners, 274;
ὕσπληξ, 276;
wooden barrier, 277;
poaching at the start, 274, 277;
heats, 277;
use of posts in starting lines, 278;
manner of running diaulos and dolichos, 279;
styles of running, 280, 290;
physical types of runners, 283, 291;
performances of Greek runners, 284;
race in armour, its character, 285;
varieties of, 286, 291;
description of, 70, 289;
popularity of, 291;
Oschophoria, 292;
torch-races, 292;
methods of training, 292

François vase, 349, 463

Frigidarium, 491

Funeral games, athletic festivals derived from, 27;
distribution of, 27;
in Ireland, 28;
in Greece, 30;
represented in art, 30;
become periodical, 31;
origin of, 31

Galen, 187;
his treatise on the “Small Ball,” 187;
his exhortation, 188;
system of physical training, 509

Games and athletics compared, 3;
and physical training, 509;
at Sparta, 184

Gems, athletic scenes on, 103;
wrestling groups on, 447

Germanicus Caesar, victory at Olympia, 167

Gladiatorial shows introduced into Syria, 161;
into Greece, 172

Glaucon of Athens, chariot, 158

Glaucus of Carystus, boxer, 82, 83;
statue of, 94

Gorgias of Leontini at Olympia, 137

Gorgos of Messene, pentathlete, 160

Guilds, athletic, 174

Gymnasiarchos, 151, 500 ff.

Gymnasium and palaestra—
Difference between, 467;
at Athens, 468, 149;
essentials of, 470
Scenes from, in Plato, 471;
scenes from, on the vases, 472 ff.;
exercises in, 472;
discipline in, 475;
the apodyterion, 476;
the bath-room, 479
At Delphi, 483, 213;
at Olympia, 486;
at Epidaurus and Delos, 489;
Vitruvius’ description of, 489;
at Ephesus, 494;
at Priene, 494;
at Pergamum, 496

Gymnastes and paidotribes, difference between, 503

Gymnastics and athletics, 2;
and medicine, 505;
and music, 2

Gymnopaidike at Sparta, 507

Hadrian, 176

Halter, the Cilician, 442

Halteres, 298 ff.;
used as dumb-bells, 310

Heats, drawing lots for, 205, 278

Hellanodicae at Nemea, 66, 225;
at local Olympia, 170;
at Epidaurus, 257.
_Vide_ Olympia

Helvidius, stele of, 241

Heracles, in early art, 84;
compared with Theseus, 85;
statue of (Farnese), 146;
as wrestler, 372;
wrestles with Antaeus, 380, 383, 388, 390, 444, 448;
as boxer, 402;
as pankratiast, 437;
fights with Nemean lion, 384, 387, 437;
with Triton and Achelous, 447

Heracles, successors of, 146, 161, 174

Heralds, competitions for, 139, 199

Herculanei, guild of, 175

Hermes, patron of gymnasium, 485

Herodes Atticus, his buildings, 178, 259, 263

Herodicus of Selymbria, 129, 504

Herodotus at Olympia, 139

Herodotus of Thebes, his own charioteer, 221, 228, 463

Hieron of Syracuse, 210

Hieromnemones, 208

Hieronymus defeats Tisamenus in pentathlon, 366

Himantes. _Vide_ Boxing

Hippeis, Helbig’s theory of the, 71

Hippias of Elis, 140;
compiles Olympic register, 50

Hippios race, 220, 225, 270

Hippocrates of Cos, condemns athletic training, 128

Hippodrome, 451;
absence of spina, 452;
on Mt. Lycaeus, 452;
at Olympia, 452;
aphesis of, 453;
Taraxippos, 455;
equestrian programme, 457;
length of races, 457;
four-horse chariot, 458;
two-horse chariot, 459;
mule car, 460;
jockeys, 460;
apobates, 461

Hippomachus, trainer, 114

Hipposthenes of Sparta, wrestler, 57

Homer, the joy of sport, 11;
Phaeacians and Achaeans, 12;
sport spontaneous and aristocratic, 14, 25;
prizes, 14;
games of Patroclus, 15 ff.;
chariot-race, 15;
boxing, 17;
wrestling, 19;
foot-race, 20;
armed combat, 21;
throwing the stone, 22;
sports of the soldiers, 24;
acrobats, 25

Hoplite race, 70, 225.
_Vide_ Foot-race

Hoplitodromos of Tübingen, 94, 275

Hoplomachia, in Homer, 21;
at Thesea, 248

Hoplomachos, 151, 506

Horse-races, 58, 71, 460

Hysmon of Elis, pentathlete, 136

Iasos, consumption of oil in gymnasium, 502

Iccus of Tarentum, trainer, 129, 505

Iliac line in Greek sculpture, 311

Immorality, gymnasia accused of, 99

Iphitus, truce of, 43

Ireland, funeral games, 28;
use of amentum, 343

Isocrates’ _Panegyric_ at Olympia, 138

Isthmia, refounding of, in 582 B.C., 64;
rivalry with Olympia, 65, 216;
Dion Chrysostom’s description of, 173, 214;
corruption at, 174;
character of, 214;
connexion with Athens, 216;
history of, 216;
competition somewhat local, 216;
sacred truce and Sparta, 217;
under the Romans, 218;
control transferred to Sicyon, 219;
restored to Corinth, 219;
programme of, 220;
prizes at, 221

Jason of Pherae, 152, 212

Javelin, the, 338;
the amentum, 339;
its use in war and the chase, 340;
its distribution, 342;
the ounep and the throwing stick, 344;
its effect, 346

Javelin, throwing the, practical style, 348;
athletic style, 350;
with or without a run, 352;
left-handed throw, 352;
competitions in, 353, 135;
in Homer, 352, 21;
in fifth century, 354;
part of pentathlon, 355;
rules for, 356;
on horseback, 356

Julius Caesar, sports provided by, 166

Jumping, in Homer, 24;
part of pentathlon, 295;
a long jump, 296;
hopping and other exercises, 296;
the skamma, 297;
the bater, 297;
measuring the jump, 298;
jumping weights, 298;
method of using, 301;
a standing or running jump, 306;
jumping without weights, 308

Konisterion, 485, 492, 500

Korykeion, 492

Korykos, 478

Kosmetes, 150, 501

Laches of Ceos, runner, 195

Laconicum, 491

Ladas of Achaea, stadiodromos, 284

Ladas of Sparta, dolichodromos, 284

Lakkoma at Delphi, 261

Lampadarchia, Lampadarchos, 501.
_Vide_ Torch-race

Lampito, 296

Lampon of Aegina, 111

Laodicea, stadium, 266

Larisa, inscription, 354

Leon of Ambracia, appeals to Olympic council, 135

Leonidas of Naxos, builds Leonidaeum, 156

Leonidas of Rhodes, runner, τριαστής, 161

Leontiscus of Sicily, breaks opponent’s fingers, 373, 386

Lichas of Sparta, beaten at Olympia, 142

Licinius Priscus, improves stadium at Isthmus, 219

Loin-cloth, 48, 376

Love names, on vases, 99

Lucian’s _Anacharsis_, 182 and _passim_

Lyceum at Athens, 149, 468, 472

Lycurgus of Athens, 148, 263

Lycurgus of Sparta, and trace of Iphitus, 43

Lygdamis of Syracuse, boxer, 58

Lysander, statue of, at Olympia, 140

Lysias, _Panegyric_, 34;
at Olympia, 138

Macedon and Olympia, 151, 158

Marathon, the charge at, 107

Massage, 129, 478

Medical gymnastics, 129

Megacles of Athens, 210

Melancomas, boxer, 174, 428

Melesias, trainer, 505

Melissus of Thebes, pankratiast, 444

Menander of Athens, trainer, 108, 505

Messene, stadium, 266

Messenian successes at Olympia, 54, 143

Metae of stadium, 267

Metrodorus of Pergamum, gymnasiarchos, 497

Midas of Agrigentum, flute-player, 230

Military competitions, 150 ff.;
at Athens, 239, 248

Milo of Croton, wrestler, 82, 310, 375, 377

Mosaic, from Tusculum, 176, 447;
from baths of Caracalla, 189, 411

Mud, wrestling in, 376

Mule chariot-race, 71, 460

Mummius at Olympia, 162

Mycenae, absence of athletics, 11;
“warrior vase,” 340

Myron of Sicyon, 59

Myron, sculptor, 95

Nemea, origin of festival, 66;
similarity to Olympia, 66;
Hellanodicae at, 66, 225;
control of, 223;
history of, 224;
the winter Nemea, 224;
the sanctuary, 224;
date, of, 225;
programme of, 225;
athletic character of, 226;
nature of competition at, 226

Nero at Olympia, 171;
at Isthmia, 218

Nicasylus of Rhodes, 271

Nicogenes of Athens, Agonothetes, decree in honour of, 150

Nicostratus of Cilicia, last successor of Heracles, 174

Nudity in athletics, influence of, 86

Oenopides at Olympia, 140

Oil, use of, in athletics, 273;
in gymnasium, 477, 490;
supplied by gymnasiarchos, 477;
large quantity used, 502

Oligaethidae of Corinth, victories of, 217

Olympia, buildings and monuments at—
Altar of Zeus, 53
Altis wall, 119, 156
Bouleuterion, 69, 116, 119
Colonnades, 120, 156
Exedra of Herodes, 171
Gymnasium, 159, 488
Heraeum, 48, 52
Heroum, 156
Hippodamium, 39
Hippodrome, 120, 452
Historical monuments, 118, 137, 138, 145, 158, 162
Leonidaeum, 156
Metroum, 167
Nero, house of, 171
Oenomaus, house of, 39
Palaestra, 159, 486
Pelops, tomb of, 39
Philippeum, 153
Processional entrance, 171
Prytaneum, 70
Prehistoric remains at, 39
Stadium, 53, 120, 156, 167, 251 ff.
Statues, athletic, 57, 70, 121, 136, 160, 168
Statues, honorary, 140, 157, 159, 168, 182
Temple of Zeus, 119
Theocoleon, 156
Treasuries, 58, 69, 118
Treasury steps, 118
Votive offerings, 40, 53, 138, 157, 183

Olympia, history of—
Antiquity of, 34;
position of, 36;
accessibility by sea and land, 36;
Cretans and Phoenicians at, 37;
connexion with migrations, 37;
primitive cults at, 38;
mythical founding of games, 39;
Pelops and Heracles, 39;
in pre-Dorian times, 40;
under control of Pisatae, 41;
Oxylus and Dorian invasion, 42;
Pisatae and Eleans, 43;
truce of Iphitus, 43;
dual control of, 44;
Elean reconstruction of history, 44;
date of destruction of Pisa, 46
First Olympiad, 50;
Olympia in 776 B.C., 52;
competition local at first, 54;
gradual expansion eastward, 55;
Spartan predominance in seventh century, 56;
connexion with western colonies, 58;
political importance recognized by tyrants, 59;
national and democratic character of, 60;
in sixth century, 68 ff.;
activity of Eleans, 68;
Athenian successes, 73
Representative character of competition in fifth century, 108;
high ideal of Olympia, 115;
influence of Persian wars, 115;
synoecism of Elis, 115;
devastation of Pisatis, 116;
reorganization of festival by Eleans, 116;
new buildings, 118
Between 440-338 B.C., 131 ff.;
decline of competition, 131, 136, 140, 145;
beginnings of corruption, 134;
political influence of festival, 136;
a centre of Panhellenism, 136;
expansion of interests, 139;
quarrel with Sparta, 141;
humiliation of Elis, 142;
Elis and Arcadia, 143;
battle at Olympia and triumph of Elis, 144
Importance of festival in Macedonian times, 152 ff.;
Philip II., 153;
Alexander, 154;
Alexandrian victories at, 155;
Macedonian monuments, 155;
Macedonian victories, 158;
change in competition, 160;
cessation of victors from the west, 160
Decline in first century B.C., 164;
games transferred to Rome by Sulla, 165;
discontinuance of chariot-races, 165;
revival under the Empire, 167;
Nero at, 170;
Hadrian and Herodes Atticus, 176;
antiquarian interest in Olympia, 182;
the last days of the festival, 192

Olympiads, used for chronology, 52

Olympic festival—
Date of, 194;
duration of, 195;
order of, 196-200;
description of, in fifth century, 201-207
Competitors, requirements for, 46;
dress of, 48;
names entered beforehand, 202;
training of, 202;
oath and scrutiny of, 203
Council, 44, 69, 135
Exegetae, 168
Hellanodicae, 44, 69, 116, 117, 135, 192, 202, 205
Heralds and trumpeters, 202, 205
Iamidae and Clytidae, 41, 44
Officials, lists of, 167
Prizes, 48;
table of Colotes, 3, 53, 121;
when given, 206
Programme, 51;
additions to, 57, 58, 70, 71, 133, 139, 161, 165
Register of victors, 50, 198
Sacred truce, 43, 201
Spectators, 139, 203
Theoroi, 60
Women, exclusion of, 47

Onomastus of Smyrna, makes laws for boxing, 33, 56

Onomastus, inscription of, on prize caldron, 72

Oricadmus of Sicily, laws for wrestling, 401

Orsippus of Megara, runner, 48

Oschophoria, 228

Ounep or throwing thong, 344

Over-athleticism, 78

Oxyrhynchus Papyrus, fragment of Olympic register, 50, 108, 198;
wrestling, 374, 507

Paidonomos, 151, 497

Paidotribes and gymnastes, distinction between, 503

Paidotribes, dress of, 474;
fees, 151, 503

Palaestra and gymnasium, difference between, 468

Palaestra, different types of, 469;
of Miccus in Plato, 471;
life in, 149

Palm of victory, 76 n. 1

Panathenaea, reorganized by Peisistratus, 74;
why not Panhellenic, 75;
programme of, 75, 230;
recitations at, 230;
musical contests at, 230;
athletic, 233;
equestrian, 235;
prizes at, 75, 231, 232, 234, 241;
fewness of Athenian victories at, 235;
tribal competitions, 239;
regatta, 241;
prizes, 241;
prize amphorae, 242;
stadium, 263

Panathenaic amphorae, 75, 241-245

Panhellenic festivals, cycle of, 67

Pankration, alleged brutality of, 435;
Philostratus’ description of, 438;
combination of wrestling and boxing, 439;
various throws, 440;
leg-holds, 441;
stomach throw, 442;
kicking, 445;
strangling, etc., 446;
ground-wrestling, 448;
Uffizi wrestlers, 448

Paradromis, 483

Parthenon, Panathenaic procession on frieze of, 230;
athletic type on, 102;
apobates on, 238

Patroclus, games of, 15

Peisistratus, 73, 74

Peleus, pentathlon of, 362;
wrestling with Atalanta, 387

Pelias, funeral games of, 30, 353

Peloponnese, the home of athletics, 9

Pentathlon, commended by Aristotle, 136;
the events of, 359;
three distinctive events, 360;
typical of Greek education, 361;
supposed invention by Jason, 362;
pentathlon of Peleus, 362;
order of events, 362;
method of deciding, 365

Pergamum, inscription of Attalus, 158;
stadium, 254 n. 1;
gymnasia, 496 ff.

Periander of Corinth, 60

Phaedimus, boy pankratiast, 161

Phanas of Pellene, τριαστής, 82

Phayllus of Croton, 212, 284, 308 ff., 318, 368

Pheidiphides, courier, 181, 285

Pheidon of Argos, 45, 55, 59

Pherenice, 47

Philinus of Cos, runner, 161

Philip II. of Macedon, 152, 460

Philip V. of Macedon, at Nemea, 224

Philippus of Croton, worshipped here, 77

Philippus, boxer, inscription of, 375

Philon, contractor, fined by Hellanodicae, 254

Philonides of Crete, courier, 155, 181

Philopoemen, 160;
reception of, at Nemea, 224

Philostratus, “gymnastike,” 189 and _passim_

Phintia, inscription on duties of gymnasiarchos, 502

Phlegon of Tralles, edits Olympic Register, 50, 182, 198

Phylacidas of Aegina, 111

Picks, in gymnasia, 297, 434, 475

Pindar, 105, 185;
his athletic ideal, 109 ff.

Pisa, date of destruction of, 46;
Pisatae, 41 ff.

Platanistas at Sparta, 184, 468

Plato, attitude towards athletics, 128;
his ideal gymnastic, 128, 270;
on boxing, 136;
on running, 270;
on wrestling, 380

Plutarch, on physical training, 187

Polites, runner, 199

Polycleitus, 95

Polydamas of Scotussa, pankratiast, 77

Polydeuces as boxer, 402;
his fight with Amycus, 428

Polymnestor of Miletus, runner, 58

Pot-hunting, 81, 174

Powder for washing, 480;
for massage, 492

Praxidamas of Aegina, boxer, statue of, 70

Praxiteles, the Hermes of, 52

Priene, stadium, 265;
gymnasium, 494

Prizes, in Homer, 14;
at Olympia, 48;
at different festivals, 72;
money, 82, 169;
at Panathenaea, 75, 232, 234, 241;
at Ceos, 151;
at Sparta, 185;
at Pythia, 214;
at Isthmia, 221;
at Nemea, 225;
at Assinaria, 466

Professionalism, 81, 130, 146, 160

Ptolemaei and Olympia, 158

Ptolemaeus Lagi, 158, 211

Ptolemaeus Philadelphus, 149

Pylos and Pylians, 42

Pyrrhic chorus, 240

Pythagoras of Samos, boxer, 58

Pythagoras of Samos, trainer, 126, 505

Pytheas of Aegina, pankratiast, 111, 225

Pythia, originally held every eight years, 62;
a musical festival, 63;
first Sacred war, 63;
refounded as pentaeteris, 582 B.C., 63;
date of, 208;
Hieromnemones, 208;
programme of, 209;
musical events, 209;
painting competition, 209;
equestrian events, 210;
athletic events, 211;
stadium, 212;
hippodrome, 212;
importance of, in fourth century, 212;
Pythia held at Athens, 290 B.C., 213;
Pythaids, 213;
under the Empire, 213;
duration and order of events, 213;
prize, 214, 64

Record-breaking, in Imperial times, 181

Records, absence of, among Greeks, 2

Rhexibius of Opous, pankratiast, statue of, 70

Riding, taught in gymnasium, 476

Roman games, spectacular, 166

Romans, admitted to Greek festivals, 161;
attitude of, towards athletics, 163

Rowing, 507

Running. _Vide_ Foot-race

Scholiasts, worthlessness of their evidence, 359

Sculpture, athletic—
Earliest athletic statues, 70;
sculpture of sixth century, 84;
Apollo of Tonea, 88;
Argive statue from Delphi, 90;
Boeotian type, 90;
Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo, 90;
Aeginetan pediments, 90;
Ligourio bronze, 91;
Argive and Athenian types, 91
Development of athletic statue, 93;
Tübingen hoplitodromos, 94;
Myron’s diskobolos, 95, 319, 322, 330;
Polycleitus, 95
Growing uniformity of type, 97;
preference for younger type, 101;
head of ephebos, 102;
Delphi charioteer, 111
Diversity of type in fourth century, 124;
Apoxyomenos and Agias, 124;
Farnese Heracles, 146;
cessation of athletic statues, 160
Girl runner (Vatican), 48;
standing diskobolos (Vatican), 327;
bronze statuettes of diskobolos, 326, 328, 330;
wrestling boys (Naples), 379, 382;
bronze wrestling groups, 396, 398, 399, 400;
boxer of the Terme, 146, 409;
Uffizi wrestlers, 448

Sicilian, rules for wrestling, 401;
love of horse-racing, 451

Sicily and Italy, athletic eminence in sixth century, 81;
decline in third century, 160

Simonides, epinikia, 78, 109;
epigrams, 359, 364, 378

Skamma, 297, 376

Smyrna, connexion with Peloponnese, 50

Socrates on athletics, 124, 127

Sogenes of Aegina, pentathlete, 224

Solon, rewards for athletes, 74;
laws for palaestrae, 469, 477

Solos, 24, 313

Sophius of Messene, runner, 143

Sophronistai, 501

Sostratus of Sicyon, pankratiast, 148, 447

Sotades of Crete, proclaims himself an Ephesian, 134

Sparta, athletic greatness in seventh century, 56;
decline in sixth century, 81;
popularity of horse-racing, 133;
revival of Lycurgean discipline under the Empire, 183;
contest of endurance, 183;
festivals and games, 184;
ball games, 185;
musical and other competitions, 185;
successes in running, 284;
contempt of science in boxing and wrestling, 401, 402, 425

Spina, unknown in Greek race-courses, 251

Stadiodromos and Olympic chronology, 52, 273

Stadium, primitive type of, 251;
history of, 267;
Isthmia, 219;
Nemea, 225;
Olympia, 252;
Epidaurus, 254;
Delphi, 257;
Athens, 263;
Priene, 265;
Messene, 266;
Ephesus, 266;
Aezani, 266;
Aphrodisias, 266;
Laodicea, 266

Start, the. _Vide_ Aphesis, Foot-race

Statius, description of boxing, 426, 432

Stomius of Elis, pentathlete, 136

Stone-throwing in war and sport, 23

Strigil, 481

Style in athletics, importance attached to, 2, 114, 373

Sulla transfers Olympia to Rome, 165

Sweating-bath, 491

Swimming, 83, 507

Sybaris, 58, 82

Syracuse, 465

Taraxippus, 455

Tarentum, love of horses, 461

Tauromenium, number of competitions at, 502

Teos, inscriptions, 151, 502, 503

Tetrads, 191

Theagenes of Thasos, boxer, pankratiast, 77, 81, 82

Thebes, famed for chariots, 50, 210, 211;
for wrestling, 401

Themistocles, at Olympia, 116;
teaches his son riding and the javelin, 132, 356;
frequents Cynosarges, 468

Theocritus, description of boxing, 428

Theodota, victory in chariot-race, 462

Theophrastus, 393, 485

Theseus, science of wrestling ascribed to, 372;
of boxing, 402;
of pankration, 437;
wrestles with Cercyon, 391;
comparison of, with Heracles, 85

Thessalian wrestling, 401

Thessaly, famed for horses, 58, 210

Tisamenus defeated by Hieronymus, 365

Tiberius Caesar, victory in chariot-race, 167

Timodemidae of Athens, 217, 226

Timodemus of Athens, 229

Tisander of Naxos, boxer, swims for exercise, 83

Titormus, weight-lifter and strong man, 83

Torch-races, 151, 240, 247, 292, 461, 501

Toxotes, 151

Trainers, 81, 108, 122, 504

Training, 124, 191, 293, 503

Troilus of Elis, Hellanodicas, wins horse-race unfairly, 135

Truce, sacred, 43, 141, 201;
abuse of, by Argos, 223

Trumpet, races started by, 456

Trumpeters, competitions for, 139, 199

Tug of war, 405

Tullius, M., of Apamea, boxer, inscription of, 151

Tydeus, as boxer, 402

Tyrtaeus, 81, 88

Valerius Eclectus of Sinope, herald, 192

Varazdates, last Olympic victor, 193

Vases, athletic scenes on, 104;
red and black figured, compared, 85, 352, 418;
conventional representation of running, 282;
geometric vases, 30;
Panathenaic, 75, 241

Vergil, description of boxing, 172, 431

Vitruvius, description of gymnasium, 489

Walk-over, 375

Watsch, amentum represented on sword-belt, 343;
boxing on situlae, 412

Weight-lifting, 83

Women, excluded from Olympia, 47;
compete in chariot-races, 47, 239, 462;
foot-races for, at the Heraea, 47;
join in sports with men at Sparta, 47, 296;
wrestle with youths at Chios, 387

Wrestling, its popularity, 372;
an exercise of skill, 373;
instruction in, 374;
competitions in, the bye, 374;
number of competitors, 374;
“upright” and “ground,” 376;
rules of, 377;
the throw, 377;
number of throws, 378;
leg-holds, 380;
preliminary position, 382;
arm-holds, 383;
flying mare, 383;
neck-holds, 386;
body-holds, 389;
the heave, 391;
cross-buttock, 393;
tripping, 397;
variety of styles, 400

Xenarches of Sparta, chariot-race, 225

Xenocles of Maenalus, wrestler, 375

Xenocrates of Agrigentum, chariot, 210

Xenophanes, protest against over-athleticism, 79, 272

Xenophon, 130;
account of battle of Olympia, 196, 363;
on javelin-throwing, 356

Xystarches, 175, 176, 506

Xystos, 483

Zanes, 134, 174

Zosimus of Priene, gymnasiarchos, 496

INDEX OF GREEK WORDS

ἀγένειοι, 271

ἀγκύλη, 339

ἀγκυρίσας, 400

ἄγχειν, 446

ἀγὼν ἐπιτάφιος, 30

ἀγὼν θεματικός, στεφανίτης, 67

ἀγῶνος ἔξω, 356

ἀθλητής, 130

ἄθλιος, 273 n. 1

αἰγανέη, 340

αἰδώς, 103, 112

ἄκαμπτον, 237

ἀκονιτεί, 375

ἀκόντιον, ἄκων, ἀκοντιστής, 338, 342

ἀκοντισμός, 354

ἀκροχειρισμός, 433, 439

ἀλεγεινός, 17

ἀλειπτήριον, ἀλειφόμενοι, 491 n. 1

ἁλίνδησις, ἁλινδήθρα, 376

ἅλματα, 261

ἁλτῆρες, 298

ἁλτηροβολία, 310

ἀμφωτίδες, ἐπωτίδες, 433

ἀναβαστάσαι εἰς ὕψοσ, 383

ἀνακλινοπάλη, κλινοπάλη, 374 n. 2

ἀνθιππασία, 239

ἀπειπεῖν, 415

ἀπήνη, 71, 457

ἀποβατής, 71

ἀποδυτήριον, 471

ἀποπτερνίζειν, 442

ἀπόρραξις, 485 n. 1

ἀποτομάς, 338

ἀποτριάξαι, 368

ἅρμα, 457;
πολεμιστήριον, 237

ἀρυτῆρες, 491

ἀσκωλιασμός, 228, 296

ἀσυνεξωστός, 179

ἄφεσις, 273, 452

βαλανεῖον, 479

βαλβίς, 252, 276 n. 1, 277 n. 6, 318

βάλλω, βολή, and their compounds as wrestling terms, 396

βατήρ, 252, 297

βηματιστής, 155

βοαγός, 185

βοῦς αϊρεσθαι, 9 n. 2

γαστρίζειν, 446

γραμμή, 251, 273

γυμνάσιον, 467

γυρόω, 382

διαβολή, 397, 400

διαλαμβάνειν, 388

δίαυλος, 51, 270

διελκυστίνδα, or διὰ γραμμῆς παίζειν, 405

διηγκυλισμένος, 348

δόλιχος, 51, 271

δράσσειν, 383

δρόμος ἄκαμπτος, 237;
κάμπειος, 251;
τετραέλικτος, 270 n. 2

δρόμος, 467;
κατάστεγος, ὁ ἔξω, 472

ἐγκριτηρίους οἴκους, 220

ἔδραν στρέφειν, ἐδροστρόφος, 388, 393

ἐκεχειρία, 43

ἐκπλεθρίζειν, 509

ἑλκυστίνδα, or σκάπερδα, 405

ἐμβολή, 396

ἐναγκυλῶντες, 346 n. 2

ἐνάλλεσθαι, 446

ἐνδρομίδες, 273

ἐνεκολήβασας, 400

ἐπίσφαιρα, 410

εὐανδρία, 240, 247

ἔφεδρος, 370

ζεῦγος, 235

ἡμεροδρόμοι, 88

ἡνίοχος ἐγβιβάζων, 238

θεωρίαι, 60

ἰατραλειπτικῄ, 129

ἰδιωτής, 130

ἱερομηνία, 43

ἱερὸν ποιεῖν, 206

ἵμαντες μαλακώτεροι, 403;
ὀξεῖς, 409

ἵππιος, ἐφίππιος, 270

ἵππος ἀδηφάγος, 235 n. 4;
λαμπρός, 236;
πολυδρόμος, 237;
πολεμιστής, 237

ἰσολύμπιος, ἰσοπύθιος, 169

Καθθηρατόριν, 185

καλαῦροψ, 314, 459 n. 1

κάλπη, 71, 457

καμπτῆρες, 251, 261

κανών, 298, 338

κατωμαδίοιο, 23

κελῆα, 185

κέλης, 457

κήρωμα, 494

κλιμακισμός, 447

κλῖμαξ, 432

κολυμβήθρα, 482, 486

κονία, κόνις, 492

κόνιμα, κονίστρα, κονιστήριον, 484

κύλισις, 376

κώρυκος, 434, 478

λαβή, 382

λευκῶμα, 204, 205

ληνοί, 500

λουτῆρες, 500

μείλιχαι, 403

μεσάγκυλον, 338

μεσοφέρδειν, 388

μεταβαίνειν, μεταβαλέσθαι, μεταβιβάζειν, 392

μεταπλασμός, 397

μικιζόμενοι, 185

μύρμηκες, 410 n. 5

μῶα, 185

νεανίσκοι, 247

νύσσα, 251

ξηραλοιφεῖν, 491

ξυστός, ξυσταρχής, 175, 483

ὀρύττειν, 438

παγκράτιον τὸ ἄνω, τὸ κάτω, 439

πάλαισμα, 366

πάλη ὀρθή, σταδιαία, καταβλητική, 376

πάντων (ἐκ), διὰ πάντων, 248

παράδοξος, παραδοξονίκης, 161

παραδρομίς, 483

παράθεσις, 382

παρακαταγωγή, 397

παρεμβολή, 396

περίζωμα, 377

περίοδος, περιοδονίκης, 161

περίπατος, 500

περιπολιστική, 175

περιτιθέναι, 388

πιτυλίζειν, 509

προεδρία, 64

πυριατήριον, 491

σκάμμα, ἐσκαμμένα, 297, 376

σκαπάναι, 297, 434

σκαφεῖον, ἐπισκαφεῖον, 484

σκιαμαχία, 434

σκιλλομαχία, 496

σκοπῷ πεζῶν, ἱππέων, 354

σόλος, 24, 313

σπονδοφόροι, 43, 201

στέφοντα, τά, 261

στλεγγέδες, 481

στρεβλοῦν, 446

συναυλία, 232

συνωρίς, 457

σύστασις, 382

σφαῖραι, 406

σφαιρεῖς, 185

σφαιριστήρια, 484

σφαιρώω, ἐσφαιρωμένα, 338

σφενδόνη, 251

σχήματα, 507

τάξεις, 278

ταυροκαθαψία, 9

τέθριππον, 457

τέρμα, 356

τραχηλίζειν, 386

τριάγμος, τριάκτηρ, τριάσσειν, 368, 378

τριαστής, 82, 161

ὑποσκελίζειν, 396

ὕσπληξ, 255, 276, 456

φορβεία, 476

φράξις, 261

φυλλοβολία, 206

χειρονομία, 434

ψάλις, 262

THE END

_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, LIMITED, _Edinburgh_.

HANDBOOKS OF ARCHÆOLOGY & ANTIQUITIES

EDITED BY

Professor PERCY GARDNER, Litt.D., of the University of Oxford, and Professor FRANCIS W. KELSEY, of the University of Michigan.

_Extra Crown 8vo._

GREEK SCULPTURE. By Prof. ERNEST A. GARDNER, M.A. New Edition, with Appendix. Illustrated. Part I., 5s. Part II., 5s. Complete in one vol., 10s.