Chapter XXXIII: Section II: pp. 34-39; Tennemann, Vol. IX. pp. 400-402; Giordano Bruno (1)

De la causa, principio et uno, Dial. V. pp. 281-284.—On this opposition of the minimum and the maximum Bruno wrote several special works, for example, De triplici Minimo et Mensura libri V. Francofurti apud Wechelium et Fischer, 1591, 8; the text is hexameters, with notes and scholia; Buhle gives the title as De Minimo libri V. Another work bears the title: De Monade, Numero et figura liber; Item De Innumerabilibus, Immenso et Infigurabili: seu de Universo et Mundis libri VIII. Francof. 1591, 8.

[81] Bruno wrote many such topico-mnemonic works, of which the earliest are the following: Philotheus Jordanus Brunus Nolanus De compendiosa architectura et complemento artis Lullii, Paris. ap. Æg. Gorbinum, 1582. 12.—J. Brunus Nol. De Umbris idearum, implicantibus Artem quærendi, &c., Paris. ap. eund. 1582. 8. The second part has the title: Ars memoriæ.—Ph. Jord. Bruni Explicatio XXX sigillorum &c. Quibus adjectus est Sigillus sigillorum, &c. It is evident from the dedication that Bruno published this work in England, therefore between 1582 and 1585.—Jordanus Brunus De Lampade combinatoria Lulliana, Vitebergæ 1587. 8. In the same place he wrote De Progressu et lampade venatoria Logicorum, Anno 1587, which he dedicated to the Chancellor of the Wittenberg University.—Jordanus Brunus De Specierum scrutinio et lampade combinatoria Raym. Lullii, Pragæ, exc. Georg. Nigrinus 1588. 8; also printed in the works of Raymund Lullius.—Also De imaginum, signorum et idearum compositione Libri III. Francofurti ap. Jo. Wechel. et Petr. Fischer. 1591. 8.

[82] Buhle: Geschichte der neuern Philos. Vol. II. Section II. p. 715 (717); Jordanus Brunus: De compendiosa architectura et complemento artis Lullii (Jordani Bruni Nolani scripta, quæ latine confecit, omnia. ed. A. Fr. Gfrörer, Stuttgard, 1835, Fasc. II.), c. 1, p. 238.

[83] Buhle: Geschichte der neuern Philos. Vol. II. Section II. pp. 717, 718 (719, a-718, b); Jord. Brunus: De compend. architect. c. 5, p. 239.

[84] Buhle: Gesch. d. neuern Philos. Vol. II. Section II. p. 717 (719, a); Jord. Brun. De compend. architect. c. 2, 3, pp. 238, 239.

[85] Buhle: Gesch. d. neuern Philos. Vol. II. Section II. pp. 723, 724; Jordani Bruni De Umbris idearum (Jord. Bruni Nolani scripta, ed. A. Fr. Gfrörer, Fasc. II.): Triginta intentiones umbrarum, Intentio I-IV. pp. 300-302.

[86] Buhle: Gesch. d. neuern Philos. Vol. II. Section II. pp. 724-726; Jordanus Brunus: De Umbris idearum, Intentio V-IX. pp. 302-305.

[87] Buhle: Gesch. d. neuern Philos. Vol. II. Section II. pp. 727, 731; Jordanus Brunus: De Umbris idearum, Intentio XXI. p. 310; De triginta idearum conceptibus: Conceptus X. p. 319.

[88] Buhle: Gesch. d. neuern Philos. Vol. II. Section II. pp. 730-734; Jordani Bruni De Umbris idearum: De triginta idearum conceptibus, Conceptus VII. X. XIII. XXVI. pp. 318-320, 323, 324.

[89] Buhle: Gesch. d. neuern Philos. Vol. II. Section II. p. 745; Jordani Bruni Explicatio triginta sigillorum: Sigillus Sigillorum, P. II. § 11.

[90] Buhle: Gesch. d. neuern Philos. Vol. II. Section II. p. 734; cf. Jordan. Brun. De Umbris Idearum: Ars Memoriæ, I.-XI. pp. 326-330.

[91] Buhle: Gesch. d. neuern Philos. Vol. II. Section II. pp. 734, 735; Jordan. Brun. De Umbris Idearum: Ars Memoriæ, XII. pp. 330, 331.

[92] Brucker. Hist. crit. phil. T. IV. P. II. pp. 671-677; Buhle: Gesch. d. neuern Phil. Vol. II. Section II. pp. 866-869.

[93] Buhle: Lehrbuch. d. Gesch. d. Phil. Part VI. Section I. pp. 410-415; Brucker. Hist. crit. phil. T. IV. P. II. pp. 677-680; Buhle: Gesch. d. neuern Philos. Vol. II. Section II. pp. 870-878.

[94] Buhle: Gesch. d. neuern Philos. Vol. II. Sec. II. pp. 670-680; Brucker. Hist. crit. phil. T. IV. P. II. pp. 548-562.

[95] Buhle: Gesch. d. neuern Philos. Vol. II. Section II. pp. 950-954; Brucker. Hist. crit. phil. T. IV. P. II. pp. 91-95.

[96] The _Quarterly Review_, Vol. XVII., April, 1817, p. 53.

[97] Bacon, De augmentis scientiarum, II. c. 1 (Lugd. Batavor, 1652. 12), pp. 108-110 (Operum omnium, pp. 43, 44, Lipsiæ, 1694)

[98] Ibidem, c. 2, p. 111 (Operum, p. 44); c. 4, pp. 123, 124 (p. 49), c. 11, pp. 145-147 (pp. 57, 58).

[99] Bacon. De augmentis scientiarum, IV. c. 2, pp. 294, 295 (p. 213) (Ellis and Spedding’s translation, Vol. IV. p. 394).

[100] Bacon. Novum Organon, L. I. Aphor. 11-34, pp. 280-282 (Operum).

[101] Bacon. De augm. scient. V. c. 4, p. 358 (p. 137). (Ellis and Spedding’s translation. Vol. IV. p. 428.)

[102] Bacon. De augmentis scientiarum, V. c. 2, pp. 320, 321 (pp. 122, 123).

[103] Bacon. Novum Organon, L. I. Aphor. 105, p. 313; De augmentis scientiarum, V. c. 2, pp. 326, 327 (pp. 124, 125).

[104] The _Quarterly Review_, Vol. XVII., April, 1817, pp. 50, 51: cf. Bacon silva silvarum sive historia naturalis, Cent. IV., Sect. 326, 327 (Operum, pp. 822, 823).

[105] Bacon. De augmentis scientiarum, III. c. 5, pp. 245, 246 (p. 95).

[106] Ibid. IV. c. 2, p. 293 (p. 112).

[107] The _Quarterly Review_, Vol. XVII., April, 1817, pp. 51, 52; cf. Bacon. De augmentis scientiarum, III. c. 3, 4, pp. 200-206 (pp. 78-80).

[108] Bacon. Novum Organon, L. II. Aphor. 2. (Ellis and Spedding’s translation, Vol. IV. p. 119.)

[109] Bacon. Novum Organon, L. II. Aphor. 2; cf. the _Quarterly Review_, Vol. XVII. April, 1817, p. 52.

[110] Bacon. De augmentis scientiarum, III. c. 4; p. 237 (p. 92).

[111] Bacon. De augm. scient. III. c. 4, p. 239 (p. 92).

[112] Bacon. De augmentis scientiarum, I. p. 46 (p. 19); III. c. 4, pp. 211-213 (pp. 82, 83); Novum Organon, L. I. Aphor. 85, p. 304.

[113] Bacon. De augmentis scientiarum, III. c. 4, pp. 231-234 (pp. 89, 90).

[114] The _Quarterly Review_, Vol. XVII. April, 1817, p. 52.

[115] Bacon. Novum Organon, L. II. Aphor. 17, pp. 345, 346.

[116] Bacon. Novum Organon, L II Aphor. II pp. 325, 326 (Tennemann, Vol. X. pp. 35, 36); Lib I. Aphor. 51, p. 286, L. II Aphor. 9; Aphor. 3, p. 326.

[117] Bacon. Novum Organon, L II. Aphor. 35, p. 366.

[118] The _Quarterly Review_, Vol. XVII. April, 1817, p. 52. Cf. Bacon. De augmentis scientiarum, III. c. 4, p. 236 (p. 91).

[119] Jacob Böhme’s Leben und Schriften (in his Works, Hamburg, 1715, 4), No. I. § 18, pp. 11, 12; No. V., § 2, p. 54 and the title-page; No. I. § 57, pp. 27, 28.

[120] Jacob Böhme’s Leben und Schriften, No. I. 2-4, pp. 3, 4; § 6, 7, p. 5; § 10, 11, pp. 7, 8; § 28, 29, pp. 17, 18.

[121] Jacob Böhme’s Leben und Schriften, No. VI. § 3-8, pp. 81-87; No. I. § 12-17, pp. 8-11.

[122] Theosophische Sendbriefe, 47th Letter (Werke, Hamburg, 1715, 4), p. 3879.

[123] Trostschrift von vier Complexionen, § 43-63, pp. 1602-1607.

[124] Act I. Scene 2.

[125] Von Christi Testament der heiligen Taufe, Book II. chap. i. § 4-5, pp. 2653, 2654.

[126] Morgenröthe im Aufgang, Preface, § 84, 85, 88, p. 18.

[127] Von wahrer Gelassenheit, chap. ii. § 9, 10, p. 1673.

[128] Von den drei Principien göttlichen Wesens, chap. x. § 42, p. 470.

[129] Von der Gnadenwahl, chap. i. § 3-10, pp. 2408-2410; chap. ii. § 9, p. 2418; § 19, 20, p. 2420; Schlüssel der vornehmsten Puncten und Wörter, § 2, p. 3668; § 145, 146, pp. 3696, 3697; Morgenröthe, chap. iv. § 9-21, pp. 49-51; chap. xi. § 47, pp. 126, 127, etc.

[130] Morgenröthe, chap. i. § 3-7, 9-24, pp. 23-27; chap. ii. § 38-40, pp. 34, 35; § i. p. 28 [see Law’s translation].

[131] Morgenröthe, chap. 11. § 8, 14-18, 31-33, pp. 29-34 [see Law’s translation].

[132] Morgenröthe, chap. iii. § 2, 8-11, pp. 36-38.

[133] Morgenröthe, chap. iv. § 5, 6, p. 48; chap. viii. § 15-chap. xi. § 46, pp. 78-126.

[134] Morgenröthe, chap. iii. § 18, p. 40; chap. x. § 54, p. 115; § 39, 40, p. 112; chap. xi. § 7-12, pp. 119, 120.

[135] Von göttlicher Beschaulichkeit, chap. i. § 8-10, p. 1739.

[136] Von göttlicher Beschaulichkeit, chap. iii. § 1-3, pp. 1755, 1756.

[137] Morgenröthe, chap. iii. § 33-35, p. 44 (cf. Rixner: Handbuch d. Gesch. d. Philos. Vol. II. Appendix, p. 106, § 7).

[138] Morgenröthe, chap. iii. § 15, 18-22, pp. 39-41.

[139] Von göttlicher Beschaulichkeit, chap. iii. § 4, 5, p. 1756, § 12, p. 1758; Morgenröthe, chap. xii. § 99-107, p. 149, 150; chap. xiii. § 92-104, 31-52, pp. 166-168, 157-160; chap. xiv. § 36, p. 178; Von den drei Principien göttlichen Wesens, chap. iv. § 69, p. 406; chap. xv. § 5, pp. 543, 544.

[140] Morgenröthe, chap. xiii. § 53-64, pp. 160-162; Vierzig Fragen von der Seele, XII. § 4, p. 1201; Von sechs theosophischen Puncten, V. 7, § 3, p. 1537; Von wahrer Gelassenheit, chap. i. § 1-7, pp. 1661-1663; Von göttlicher Beschaulichkeit, chap. i. § 23-26, pp. 1742, 1743; Von der Geburt und Bezeichnung aller Wesen, chap. xvi. § 49, p. 2391; Vom übersinnlichen Leben, § 41, 42, p. 1696 [see Law’s translation].

[141] Von der Menschwerdung Jesu Christi, Pt. I. chap. v. § 14, p. 1323; Von den drei Principien göttlichen Wesens, chap. x. § 43, p. 470.

[142] Von göttlicher Beschaulichkeit, chap. iii. § 11, p. 1757.

[143] _Infra_, p. 213.

[144] Morgenröthe, chap. viii. § 15-20, pp. 78, 79; chap. x. § 38, p. 112; chap. xiii. § 69-91, pp. 162-166; chap xi. § 5-13, pp. 119, 120.

[145] 177 Fragen von göttlicher Offenbarung, III. § 2-5, 10-16, pp. 3591-3595.

[146] Von göttlicher Beschaulichkeit, chap. iii. § 12, 14, pp. 1757, 1758.

[147] Rixner: Handbuch d. Gesch d. Philos. Vol. II. Appendix, p. 108, § 5 (from Boehme’s Morgenröthe, chap. ii. § 16, pp. 30, 31, § 33, p. 34).

[148] Morgenröthe, chap. xxiii. § 11, 12, pp. 307, 308 (cf. Rixner: Handb. d. Gesch. d. Philos. Vol. II. Appendix, p. 108, § 5), Theosophische Sendbriefe, I. § 5, p. 3710.

[149] Morgenröthe, chap. iii. § 29, 30, p. 43 [see Law’s translation].

[150] Von göttlicher Beschaulichkeit, chap. iii. § 13, p. 1758; Morgenröthe, chap. x. § 55, 60, 58, pp. 115, 116 (chap. xi. § 4, p. 118).

[151] Morgenröthe, chap. iii. § 36-38, 47, pp. 44-46 [see Law’s translation].

[152] Von göttlicher Beschaulichkeit, chap. i. § 33, p. 1745; chap. ii. § 29, p. 1754, chap. iii. § 15, 18-24, 27, 29, pp. 1758-1761; Von den drei Principien göttlichen Wesens, chap. viii § 5, p. 433, Mysterium Magnum, oder Erklarung des ersten Buchs Mosis, chap xix § 28, pp. 2830, 2831.

[153] Von göttlicher Beschaulichkeit, chap. i. § 23-39, pp. 1742-1746; chap. ii. § 1-13, 15-30, pp. 1747-1754.

[154] Brucker. Hist. crit. phil. T. IV. P. II. pp. 203-217; Cartes. De Methodo, I-II (Amstelod. 1672, 4), pp. 2-7 (Œuvres complètes de Descartes publiées par Victor Cousin, T. I.), pp. 125-133; Notes sur l’éloge de Descartes par Thomas (Œuvres de Descartes publiées par Cousin, T. I.), p. 83, et suiv.; Tennemann, Vol. X. pp. 210-216.

[155] Spinoza: Principia philosophiæ Cartesianæ (Benedicti de Spinoza Opera, ed. Paulus. Jenæ, 1802, T. I.), p. 2.

[156] Cartes. Principia philosophiæ, P. I. § 1-6 (Amstelod. 1672, 4), pp. 1, 2 (Œuvres, T. III. pp. 63-66); cf. Meditationes de prima philosophia, I. (Amstelod. 1685, 4), pp. 5-8 (Œuvres, T. I. pp. 235-245); De Methodo, IV. p. 20 (pp. 156-158).

[157] Cartes. Principia philosophiæ, P. I. § 7, 8, p. 2 (pp. 66, 67).

[158] Cartes. De Methodo, IV. pp. 20, 21 (p. 158); Spinoza: Principia philosophiæ Cartes, p. 14.

[159] Cartes. De Methodo, IV. p. 21 (p. 159); Epistol. T. I. ep. 118 (Amstelod. 1682, 4), p. 379 (Œuvres, T. IX. pp. 442, 443).

[160] Cartes. Responsiones ad sec. objectiones, adjunctæ Meditationibus de prima philosophia, p. 74 (p. 427); Spinoza: Principia philosophiæ Cartes., pp. 4, 5.

[161] Appendix ad Cartes. Meditationes, continens objectiones quint. p. 4 (Œuvres, T. II. pp. 92, 93).

[162] Cartes. Principia philosophiæ, P I § 9, pp. 2, 3 (pp. 67, 68).

[163] Ibid. P I § 11, p. 3 (pp. 69, 70)

[164] Cartes. Respons. ad sec. object.: Rationes more geometr. dispos., Postulata, p. 86 (pp. 454, 455); Spinoza: Principia philosophiæ, Cartes., p. 13.

[165] Cartes. Princip. philos., P. IV. § 196, pp. 215, 216 (pp. 507-509); Meditation. VI. p. 38 (pp. 329, 330); Spinoza: Principia philos. Cartes., pp. 2, 3.

[166] Cartes. Respons. ad sec. object.: Rat. more geom. dispos., Axiomata V., VI. p. 86 (p. 453), et Propositio IV. p. 91 (pp. 464, 465); Meditationes, II. pp. 9-14 (pp. 246-262).

[167] Cartes. De Methodo, IV. p. 21 (pp. 158, 159); Spinoza: Principia philosoph. Cartes., p. 14.

[168] Cartes. Principia philosophiæ, P. I. § 13, pp. 3, 4 (pp. 71, 72).

[169] Cartes. Respons. ad sec. object. Rationes more geom. dispos., Def. I. p. 85 (pp. 451, 452), et Proposit. IV. p. 91 (pp. 464, 465), Meditationes, III. pp. 15-17 (pp. 263-268).

[170] Cartes. Principia philos., P. I. § 20, p. 6 (pp. 76, 77); Meditationes, III. pp. 17-25 (pp. 268-292); De Methodo, IV. pp. 21, 22 (pp. 159-162); Spinoza: Principia philos. Cartes., p. 10.

[171] Cartes. Principia philos. P. I., § 14, p. 4 (pp. 72, 73.)

[172] Cartes. Resp. ad sec. obj.: Rat. more geom. disp., Ax. III.-VI., X., Prop. I. pp. 88, 89 (pp. 458-461); Spinoza: Princ. phil. Cart., pp. 14-17.

[173] Spinoza: Princip. philos. Cart., p. 20; Cartesii Resp. ad sec. obj.: Rat. more geom. dispos., Propos. II. p. 89 (pp. 461, 462).

[174] Cartes. Principia philosophiæ, P. I. §. 15, 16, 18, 24, pp. 4, 5, 7 (pp. 73-75, 78, 79).

[175] Cartes. Principia philosophiæ, P. I. § 24-26, p. 7 (pp. 79, 80).

[176] Ibid. P. I. § 29, 30, 35, 36, 38, 43, pp. 8-11 (pp. 81-86, 89); Meditationes, IV. pp. 25, 26 (pp. 293-297).

[177] In the Lectures of 1829-1830 the philosophy of Malebranche is inserted here. (Editor’s note).

[178] Cartes. Principia philos. P. I. § 22, 23, pp. 6, 7 (pp. 77, 78); Responsiones quartæ, p. 133 (p. 70); Spinoza: Princip. philos. Cart. pp. 30, 31, 36, 38; Buhle: Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, Vol. III. Sec. I. pp. 17, 18.

[179] Cartes. Principia philos. P. I. § 48, p. 12 (p. 92); Meditationes, III. p. 17 (pp. 268, 269).

[180] Cartes. Principia philosophiæ, P. I. § 49, p. 13 (p. 93).

[181] Ibid. P. I. § 48, p. 12 (p. 92).

[182] Cartes. Princip. philosophiæ, P. I. § 51, p. 14 (p. 95)

[183] Ibid. P. I. § 48, pp. 12, 13 (p. 92); § 60, p. 16 (p. 101); § 52, p. 14 (p. 95); Ration. more geometr. dispos., Definit. X. p. 86 (p. 454).

[184] Cartes. Principia philosophiæ, P. I. § 53, 54, p. 14 (pp. 96, 97).

[185] Cartes. Princip. philos., P. I. § 66-74, pp. 19-22 (pp. 107-117); P. II. § 4, p. 25 (pp. 123, 124).

[186] Cartes. Principia philos. P. II. § 16, 20, 37, 38, pp. 29-31, 38, 39 (pp. 133, 134, 137, 138, 152-154).

[187] Buhle: Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, Vol. III. Sec. I. p. 19; cf. Cartes. Princip. phil., P. III. § 46, 47, p. 65 (pp. 210-212).

[188] Cf. Cartes. Principia philos., P. II. § 64, p. 49 (pp. 178, 179).

[189] Cartes. Principia philos., P. III. § 5-42, 46 _sqq._ pp. 51-63, 65 _sqq._ (pp. 183-208, p. 210 _et suiv._); P. IV. § 1 _sqq._, 69, 109-115, p. 137 _sqq._, 116, 178-180 (p. 330 _et suiv._, 388, 420-425).

[190] Cartes. Principia philosoph, P. I. § 37, 39-41, pp. 10, 11 (pp. 85-88).

[191] Cartes. De Methodo, V. pp. 35, 36 (pp. 185-189).

[192] Cartes. De Methodo, V. p. 29 (173, 174).

[193] Collectanea de vita B. de Spinoza (addita Operibus ed. Paulus Jenæ 1802-1803, T. II.), pp. 593-604, 612-628 (Spinoza Epist. LIII-LIV. in Oper. ed. Paul. T. I. pp. 638-640) 642-665; Spinozæ Oper. ed. Paul. T. II. Præf. p. XVI.

[194] Collectanea de vita B. de Spinoza, pp. 629-641; Spinozæ Ethic. (Oper. T. II.) pp. 1, 3 et not., 33.

[195] Spinoz. Ethices, P. I. Prop. V. VIII. X. et Schol., XIII. pp. 37-39, 41, 42, 45.

[196] Spinoz. Ethices, P. I. Prop. XIV. et Coroll. II. Prop. XV. XVI. et Coroll. I. pp. 46, 51.

[197] Spinoz. Ethices, P. I. Prop. XVII., Coroll. I., II., et Schol, Prop. XVIII., Prop. XX, et Coroll. I. Prop. XXI., XXVI., XXVII., XXIX., XXXII., XXXIII. Schol. II. pp. 51-57, 59, 61, 63, 67, 68.

[198] Spinoz. Ethices, P. II. Prop. I., II., VII. et Schol. pp. 78, 79, 82, 83.

[199] Spinoz. Ethic. P. I. Prop. XXX-XXXII. pp. 62, 63; P. III. Defin. III. p. 132; Prop. XI. Schol., p. 141.

[200] Spinoz. Ethices, P. II. Prop. XI. Demonst. et Coroll. pp. 86, 87; Defin. IV. pp. 77, 78.

[201] Dictionnaire historique et critique (édition de 1740, T. IV.), Article Spinosa, p. 261, Note N. No. IV.

[202] Spinoz. Ethices, P. II. Prop. XII., XIII. et Schol. Prop. XIV., XXIII., V. pp. 87-89, 95, 102, 80, 81.

[203] Spinoz. Ethices, P. II. Prop. XI. (Axiom I. p. 78) et Demonstr. Prop. X. pp. 85-87; Prop. VI. p. 81; P. III. Prop. II. pp. 133, 134.

[204] Spinoz. Ethices, P. III. Prop. VI.-VIII. Prop. IX. Schol. pp. 139, 140; P. II. Prop. XLIX. Coroll. p. 123; P. III. Prop. II. Schol. p. 136; P. V. Prop. III. Demonst. et Coroll. pp. 272, 273.

[205] Spinoz. Ethices, P. III. Prop. I. p. 132; Prop. III. p. 138; P. IV. Præf. p. 199; P. III. Prop. XI. Schol. pp. 141, 142; P. IV. Prop. II. p. 205; P. III. Prop. III. et Schol. p. 138.

[206] Spinoz. Ethices, P. V. Prop. XXXVI. Schol. Prop. XXXVII. Demonstr., Prop. XXXVIII. et Schol. pp. 293-295.

[207] Spinoz. Ethices, P. II. Prop. XL. Schol. II. pp. 113, 114.

[208] Spinoz. Ethices, P. II. Prop. XLIV. et Coroll. II. pp. 117, 118; Prop. XLV. p. 119; P. V. Prop. XXX. p. 289; P. II. Prop. XXXII. p. 107.

[209] Spinoz. Ethices, P. V. Prop. XIV. p. 280; Prop. VI. p. 275; Prop. XXVII. pp. 287, 288; Prop. XXXII. Coroll.; Prop. XXXV. pp. 291, 292.

[210] Buhle: Gesch. d. neuern Philosophie, Vol. III. Sec. 2, pp. 430, 431.

[211] Malebranche: De la recherche de la vérité (Paris, 1736), T. II. L. III. Part I. chap. i. pp. 4-6; T. I. L. I. chap. i. pp. 6, 7; P. II. chap. ii. pp. 66-68; chap. iii. p. 72; chap. iv. p. 84; chap. v. p. 92; chap. vi. pp. 95, 96.

[212] Malebranche: De la recherche de la vérité, T. II. L. III. Part II. chap. vi. pp. 100-102.

[213] Malebranche: De la recherche de la vérité, T. II. L. III. P. II. chap. vi. pp. 103-107, 109-111.

[214] Buhle: Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, Vol. IV. Sec. 1, pp. 238-241; Quarterly Review, April, 1817, pp. 70, 71; The Works of John Locke (London, 1812), Vol. I.: The Life of the Author, pp. xix.-xxxix.

[215] Locke: An Essay concerning human Understanding (The Works of John Locke, Vol. I.), Book I. chap. ii. § 1; chap. iii. § 15, § 22.

[216] Locke: An Essay concerning human Understanding (Vol. I) Book I. chap. ii. § 2-9, § 27; chap. iii. § 1-15.

[217] Locke: An Essay concerning human Understanding (Vol. I.) Bk. II. chap. i. § 1, 2.

[218] Locke: An Essay concerning human Understanding (Vol. I.), Bk. II. chap. i. § 2-5.

[219] v. Schiller’s Xenien.

[220] Locke: An Essay concerning human Understanding (Vol I.), Bk. II., chap. ii. § 2, not.; chap. xii. § 1; chap. xxii. § 2; chap. i. § 10-14.

[221] Locke: An Essay concerning human Understanding (Vol. I), Bk. II. chap. xiii. § 2; chap. iv. § 2.

[222] Ibidem (Vol. I.), Bk. II. chap. xiv. § 3.

[223] Locke: An Essay concerning human Understanding (Vol. II.), Bk. II. chap. xxiii. § 1, 2.

[224] Ibidem (Vol. I.), Bk. II. chap. xxi. § 1.

[225] Ibidem (Vol. II.), Bk. II. chap. xxvi. § 1.

[226] Ibidem (Vol. I.), Bk. II. chap xxi. § 7.

[227] Ibidem (Vol. I.), Bk. II. chap. xiii. § 17, 18.

[228] Locke: An Essay concerning human Understanding (Vol. I.), Bk. II. chap. viii. § 9-26.

[229] Locke: An Essay concerning human Understanding (Vol. II.), Bk. III. chap. iii. § 6; § 13, 15.

[230] Brucker. Histor. critic. philos. T. IV. P. 2, pp. 731-736, 743-745.

[231] Hug. Grot. De jure belli ac pacis, B. III. chap. xi. § 13-16 (Ed. Gronov. Lipsiæ, 1758, 8vo), pp. 900-905; chap. iv. § 10, pp. 792, 793.

[232] Buhle: Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, Vol. III. Sec. 1, pp. 223, 224, 227.

[233] Hobbes. Epistola dedicatoria ante Elementor philos Sectionem primam (Thomæ Hobbesii Opera philosophica, quæ latine scripsit omnia, Amstelod, 1668, 4to), pp. 1, 2.

[234] Cf. Brucker. Histor. crit. philos. T. IV. P. II. p. 154.

[235] Hobbes, De cive, chap. i. § 2, 3 (Oper. phil. etc. Amstel. 1668), pp. 3, 4.

[236] Hobbes, De cive, chap. i. § 4-6, 12-14, pp. 4-8; Leviathan, chap. xiii. (Oper.), pp. 63-66.

[237] Ibidem, chap. v. § 6-12, pp. 37-38; chap. vi. § 12-14, pp. 44-46.

[238] Buhle: Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, Vol. IV. Sec. 2, pp. 519-523; Rixner: Handbuch der Geschichte der Philosophie, Vol. III. p. 29.

[239] Rixner: Handbuch der Geschichte der Philosophie, Vol. III. p. 31; cf. Puffendorf. De jure naturæ et gent. II. 2, § 5-7 (Francof. ad Moenum, 1706, 4), pp. 157-161; VII. 1, § 3-7, pp. 900-909.

[240] Buhle: Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, Vol. IV. Sec. 1, pp. 107, 108.

[241] Buhle, Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, Vol. IV. p. 115, cf. Newtoni Optices. P. III (Londini, 1706, 4) p. 314.

[242] La vie de Mr. Leibnitz par Mr. le Chevalier de Jaucourt (Essais de Théodicée, par Leibnitz, Amsterdam, 1747, T. I.), pp. 1-28, 45, 59-62, 66-74, 77-80, 87-92, 110-116, 148-151; Brucker. Hist. crit. phil., T. IV. P. II. pp. 335-368; Leibnitzii Opera omnia (ed. Dutens), T. II., P. I. pp. 45, 46.

[243] Vie de Mr. Leibnitz, pp. 134-143; Brucker. Hist. crit. philos. T. IV. P. II. pp. 385, 389; Tennemann, vol. xi. pp. 181, 182.

[244] Leibnitzii Opera, T. II. P. I. pp. 32-39.

[245] Ibidem, Principia philosophiæ, pp. 20-31.

[246] cf. Leibnitz: Essais de Théodicée, T. I. P. I. § 10, p. 86.

[247] Leibnitz, Principes de la nature et la grace § 1, p. 32. (Recueil de diverses pieces par Des Maiseaux, T. II. p. 485, Principia philosophiæ, § 1, 2, p. 20.)

[248] Leibnitzii De ipsa natura sive de vi insita actionibusque creaturarum (Oper. T. II. P. II.), § 11, p. 55, Principia philosophiæ, § 3-6, 18, pp. 20-22; Principes de la nature et de la grace, § 2, p. 32.

[249] Leibnitzii Principia philosophiæ, § 7, p. 21; Troisième éclaircissement du système de la communication des substances (Oper. T. II. P. I.), p. 73 (Recueil, T. II. p. 402).

[250] Leibnitzii Principia philosophiæ, § 8, 9, p. 21; Oper. T. II. P. I. pp. 128, 129, § 4, 5: Il n’y a point deux individus indiscernables. Un gentilhomme d’esprit de mes amis, en parlant avec moi en présence de Mad. l’Electrice dans le jardin de Herrenhausen, crut qu’il trouverait bien deux feuilles entièrement semblables. Mad. l’Electrice l’en défia, et il courut longtemps en vain pour en chercher. Deux gouttes d’eau ou de lait regardées par le microscope se trouveront discernables. C’est un argument contre les Atomes (Recueil, T. I. p. 50).—Cf. Hegel’s Werke, Vol. IV. p. 45.

[251] Leibnitzii Principia philosophiæ, § 10-16, pp. 21, 22; Principes de la nature et de la grace, § 2, p. 32.

[252] Leibnitzii Principia philosophiæ, § 19-23, pp. 22, 23; Principes de la nature et de la grace, § 4, pp. 33, 34; Nouveaux essais sur l’entendement humain (Œuvres philosophiques de Leibnitz par Raspe), Bk. II. chap. ix. § 4, p. 90.

[253] Leibnitzii De anima brutorum (Op. T. II. P. I.), § 2-4, pp. 230, 231.

[254] Leibnitzii Oper. T. II. P. I. pp. 214, 215, § 3; De ipsa natura sive de vi insita, § 11, p. 55; Système nouveau de la nature et de la communication des substances (Op. T. II. P. I.), pp. 50, 53.

[255] Leibnitzii Oper. T. II. P. I. pp. 79, 121, 234-237, 280, 295; Nouveaux essais sur l’entendement humain, Bk. II. chap. xiii. § 15, 17, pp. 106, 107.

[256] Leibnitz: Nouveaux essais sur l’entendement humain, Bk. II. chap. xii. § 7, pp. 102, 103; chap. xxi. § 72, p. 170; chap. xxiv. § 1, p. 185.

[257] Leibnitzii Oper. T. II. P. I. p. 39; Nouveaux essais sur l’entendement humain, Bk. III. chap. vi. § 24, p. 278; § 39, p. 290.

[258] Leibnitzii Oper. T. II. P. II. p. 60; Nouveaux essais sur l’entendement humain, Bk. II. chap. xxiii. § 23, p. 181.

[259] Leibnitzii Principia philosophiæ, § 65-71, p. 28; Principes de la nature et de la grace, § 3, 4, pp. 32, 33.

[260] Leibnitzii Principia philosophiæ. § 29-31, p. 24; Principes de la nature et de la grace, § 5, p. 34; Essais de Théodicée, T. I. P. I. § 44, p. 115.

[261] Leibnitz. Principes de la nature et de la grace, § 7, p. 35.

[262] Leibnitz: Principes de la nature et de la grace, § 8, p. 35; Principia philosophiæ, § 43-46, p. 25.

[263] Leibnitz: Essais de Théodicée, T. I. P. I. § 6-8, pp. 83-85; Principes de la nature et de la grace, § 10, p. 36.

[264] Leibnitz: Essais de Théodicée, T. I. P. I. § 20, pp. 96, 97; § 32, 33, pp. 106, 107; T. II. P. II. § 153, pp. 57, 58; § 378, pp. 256, 257.

[265] Leibnitzii Causa Dei asserta per justitiam ejus (Essais de Théodicée, T. II.), § 34-39, pp. 385, 386.

[266] Leibnitz: Principes de la nature et de la grace, §3, p. 33; Premier élaircissement du système de la communication des substances, p. 70.

[267] Leibnitz: Second et troisième éclaircissements du système de la communication des substances, pp. 71-73.

[268] Leibnitzii Principia philosophiæ, § 82, p. 30; Principes de la nature et de la grace, § 11, p. 36.

[269] Leibnitz: Système nouveau de la nature et de la communication des substances, pp. 54, 55.

[270] Leibnitzii Principia philosophiæ, § 90, p. 31; Principes de la nature et de la grace, § 12, 13, pp. 36, 37; § 15, pp. 37, 38.

[271] Leibnitzii Oper. T. II. P. I. pp. 75, 76.

[272] Leibnitzii Principia philosoph., § 58-62, p. 27; Oper. T. II. P. I. pp. 46, 47.

[273] Leibnitz: Essais de Théodicée, T. I. P. I. § 9, pp. 85, 86.

[274] Leibnitz: Principes de la nature et de la grace, § 12,13, pp. 36, 37; Oper. T. II. P. I. p. 337.

[275] Leibnitz: Essais de Théodicée, T. II. P. III. § 291, pp. 184, 185; T. I. P. I. § 50, p. 119.

[276] Buhle: Geschichte der neuern Philosoph., Vol. IV. Sec. II., pp. 571-582; Tiedemann: Geist der speculativen Philos., Vol. VI. pp. 511-518; Rixner: Handbuch der Geschichte der Philosophie, Vol. III. § 79, pp. 195, 196.

[277] Wolf’s Vernünftige Gedanken von Gott, der Welt und der Seele des Menschen (Halle, 1741), Pt. I. chap. ii. § 114, 120, pp. 59, 60, 62, 63; chap. iv. § 575-581, 686, pp. 352-359, 425; chap. v. § 742, p. 463; § 926, p. 573; chap vi. § 928, p. 574, _seq._

[278] Wolff’s Anfangsgründe aller mathematischen Wissenschaften, Pt. I.: Anfangsgründe der Baukunst, Pt. II. Prop. 8, p. 414; Problem 22, pp. 452, 453; Pt. II.: Anfangsgründe der Fortification, Pt. I. p. 570.

[279] In the lectures of 1825-1826 and 1829-1830 Berkeley was passed over by Hegel; in both courses Hume follows directly after the Scottish and French philosophers, and thus comes immediately before Kant; in the course of 1825-1826 the French philosophy precedes the Scottish also.

[280] Nachrichten von dem Leben und den Schriften des Bischofs Berkeley (in Berkeley’s philosoph. Werk. Pt. I. Leipzig, 1781), pp. 1, 45, Buhle: Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, Vol. V Sect. 1, pp. 86-90.

[281] Buhle: Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, Vol V. pp. 90, 91; The Works of George Berkeley, Prof. Fraser’s edition (Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous), Vol. I. p. 264, _seq._ _et passim_.

[282] Buhle, Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, Vol. V. Sect. 1, pp. 92, 93; The Works of George Berkeley, Vol. I. p. 279 _seq._

[283] Buhle, _ibidem_, pp. 91, 92; Berkeley, _ibidem_, pp. 288 _seq._, 300 _seq._ _et passim_.

[284] Buhle, _ibidem_, pp. 93, 94; Berkeley, _ibidem_, pp. 289, 308, _seq._

[285] Buhle: Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, Vol. V. Sect. 1, pp. 91, 95; The Works of George Berkeley, Vol. I. pp. 308, 335.

[286] Buhle, _ibidem_, pp. 96-99; Berkeley, _ibidem_, p. 325, _seq._ _et passim_.

[287] Cf. Berkeley, _ibidem_, _passim_.

[288] Buhle: Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, Vol. V. Sect. 1, pp. 193-200.

[289] Tennemann’s Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie von Wendt (Leipzig, 1829), § 370, pp. 439, 440; Hume: Essays and Treatises on several subjects, Vol. III. containing an Inquiry concerning human understanding (London, 1770), Sect. 2, pp. 21, 22, Sect. 4, P. I. p. 42, Tennemann, Vol. XI pp. 433, 434.

[290] Hume: Essays and Treatises on several subjects, Vol III. Not. A, pp. 283, 284.

[291] Tennemann’s Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie von Wendt, § 370, p. 440; Hume, Essays and Treatises on several subjects, Vol. III. Sect. 4, Pt. I. pp. 43-45; Sect. 5, pp. 66, 67; Buhle: Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, Vol. V. Sect. 1, pp. 204, 205; Tennemann, Vol. XI. pp. 435, 436.

[292] Hume: Essays and Treatises on several subjects, Vol. III. Sect. vii. Pt. 1, pp. 102, 103; Pt. 2, pp. 108, 109; Sect. viii. pp. 118, 119.

[293] Hume: Essays and Treatises on several subjects, Vol. IV. containing an Inquiry concerning the principles of morals, Sect. 1, p. 4; Appendix I. p. 170.

[294] Buhle: Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, Vol. V. Sect. 1, pp. 230, 231; cf. Hume, _ibidem_, Vol. III. Sect. 12, P. II. p. 221; Vol. IV.; An Inquiry, &c., Sect. 4, pp. 62-65; A dialogue, pp. 235, 236, &c., &c.

[295] Hume: Essays and Treatises on several subjects, Vol. III. Sect. 12, Pt. I. pp. 217, 218; Not. N. pp. 296, 297; Buhle: Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, Vol. V. Sect. 1, p. 210.

[296] Tennemann’s Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie von Wendt, § 371, p. 442.

[297] Rixner: Handbuch der Geschichte der Philosophie, Vol. III. § 119, p. 259; cf. Thomas Reid; An Inquiry into the human mind on the principles of common sense (Edinburgh, 1810), chap. i. Sect. 4, pp. 19, 20 (translated into German, Leipzig, 1782, pp. 17, 18); chap. vi. Sect. 20, pp. 372-375 (pp. 310, 311), &c.

[298] Rixner: Handbuch der Geschichte der Philosophie, Vol. III. § 120, pp. 261, 262; cf. James Beattie: Essays on the nature and immutability of Truth, &c. (Edinburgh, 1772), Pt. I., chap, i., pp. 18-31 (translated into German, Copenhagen and Leipzig, 1772, pp. 24-42); chap. ii. Sect. 2, pp. 37-42 (pp. 49-55), &c.

[299] Cf. James Oswald: An Appeal of common-sense in behalf of religion (Edinburgh, 1772), Vol. I. Book I. Introduction, p. 12 (translated by Wilmsen, Leipzig, 1774, p. 11).

[300] Rixner, _ibidem_, § 121, p. 262; cf. James Oswald, _ibidem_, Vol. II. Book II. chap. i. pp. 50, 51 (pp. 54, 55).

[301] The name assumed by Abraham Tucker.—[Translator’s note.]

[302] Lectures of 1825-1826.

[303] Lectures of 1829-1830.

[304] Emile ou de l’éducation. T. II. (Paris, 1813, él. stéréotype), Book IV., Profession de foi du vicaire savoyard, p. 215 _seq._

[305] Buhle: Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Philosophie, Pt. VIII. pp. 62, 63: Système de la Nature par Mirabaud (Londres, 1770), T. I. chap. i. p. 10; chap. ii. p. 28.

[306] Buhle: Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Philosophie, Pt. VIII. pp. 63, 64. Système de la Nature, T. I. chap. ii. pp. 18, 16, 21, et 15.

[307] Buhle, _ibidem_, pp. 64, 65, 70; Système de la Nature, T. I. chap. ii. pp. 30, 31; chap. iii. pp. 39, 40; chap. iv. pp. 45, 46; chap. vii. pp. 90, 91.

[308] Robinet: De la Nature (Troisième édition, Amsterdam, 1766), T. I. P. I. chap. iii. iv. pp. 16, 17.

[309] Robinet, De la Nature, T. I. P. II. chap. ii. pp. 156, 157; chap. vii. pp. 166, 168; chap. ix.-xi.; chap. xv. pp. 202, 203, chap. xix. p. 217.

[310] Robinet: De la Nature, T. I. P. I. chap. xxviii. p. 138; chap. xiii. p. 70.

[311] Helvetius: De l’esprit (Oeuvres complètes, T. II. Deux-Ponts, 1784), T. I. Discours II. chap. i. pp. 62-64; chap. ii. pp. 65, 68, 69; chap. iv. p. 90; chap. v. p. 91; chap. viii. p. 114; chap. xxiv. pp. 256, 257.

[312] Rousseau: Du contrat social (Lyon, 1790), Book I. chap. iii. pp. 8, 9; chap. iv. pp. 10, 11, 13-16.

[313] Sämmtliche Schriften, Vol. XXXIX. (Berlin u. Stettin, 1828), pp. 111, 112.

[314] Lessing’s Sämmtliche Schriften, Vol. XXIX. pp. 122, 123.

[315] Tenneman’s Grundriss von Wendt, § 406, p. 531; Rixner: Handbuch der Geschichte der Philosophie, Vol. III. § 145, p. 317; Jacobi’s Werke, Vol. IV. Sec. 1, p. 3.

[316] Jacobi: Briefe über die Lehre des Spinoza (second edition, 1789), pp. 85, 86 (Werke, Vol. IV. Sec. 1, p. 110).

[317] Buhle: Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Philosophie, Part VIII. pp. 386, 387; Mendelssohn’s Morgenstunden (second edition, 1786), pp. 293-296.

[318] Jacobi: Briefe über die Lehre des Spinoza, IV. Prop. pp. 225, 223 (pp. 223, 216).

[319] _Infra_, pp. 418, 419.

[320] Jacobi’s Werke, Vol. II. pp. 7 _seq._; p. 221, note.

[321] Jacobi: Briefe über die Lehre des Spinoza, supplement vii. pp. 419-421, and note (Werke, Vol. IV. Sec. 2, pp. 149-151).

[322] Jacobi: Briefe über die Lehre des Spinoza, supplement vii. pp. 422-426 (pp. 151-155).

[323] Ibidem, pp. 426, 427 (pp. 155, 156).

[324] Cf. Jacobi’s Werke, Vol. III. p. 277.

[325] Jacobi: Briefe über die Lehre des Spinoza, pp. 216, 217 (p. 211).

[326] Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft (sixth edition, Leipzig, 1818), pp. 4, 11, 13, 93.

[327] Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft, pp. 3-5.

[328] Ibidem, Preface, pp. xviii., xix.

[329] Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft, pp. 8, 9, 75, 77, 15.

[330] Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft, pp. 255, 256.

[331] Ibidem, p. 107.

[332] Ibidem, pp. 497, 498; Kritik der prakt. Vernunft (fourth edition, Riga, 1797), p. 254; Kritik der Urtheilskraft (third edition, Berlin, 1799), Preface, p. v.

[333] Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft, pp. 25-27.

[334] Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft, pp. 29, 30; 34-36.

[335] Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft, pp. 30, 31, 41; 12, 13, 150.

[336] Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft, pp. 54, 55.

[337] Ibidem, pp. 59, 97-104.

[338] Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft, pp. 105-110.

[339] Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft, pp. 129-132.

[340] Ibidem, p. 134.

[341] In the lectures of 1825-1826 the philosophy of Fichte on its theoretic side is interpolated here, while its practical side is only shortly mentioned after an account is given of the Critique of Practical Reason.

[342] Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft, pp. 257-259, 264, 267, 268, 273.

[343] Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft, pp. 261, 262, 274, 275, 284, 288, 289.

[344] Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft, pp. 289-299.

[345] Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft, pp. 312-314.

[346] Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft, pp. 317, 318, 328, 329, 332.

[347] Ibidem, pp. 318, 336, 337.

[348] Ibidem, pp. 319, 346, 347.

[349] Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft, pp. 319, 354, 355.

[350] Kritik der reinen Vernunft, pp. 497, 498.

[351] Here there is inserted in the lectures of 1825-1826 an examination of what the philosophy of Jacobi has to say on this point.

[352] Kant: Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft (third edition, Leipzig, 1800), pp. 1, 27.

[353] Kant: Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft (second edition, Königsberg, 1794), pp. 20-48.

[354] Kant: Kritik der prakt. Vernunft (fourth edition, Riga, 1797), pp. 3-11, 29-32.

[355] Kant: Kritik d. prakt. Vernunft, pp. 40, 41, 56, 126-135, 58, 38, 77.

[356] Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft, pp. 62, 500.

[357] Kant: Kritik d. prakt. Vernunft, pp. 54, 58 (35).

[358] Kant: Kritik d. prakt. Vernunft, pp. 223-227.

[359] Cf. Kant’s Kritik d. reinen Vernunft, p. 471.

[360] Kant: Kritik der prakt. Vernunft, p. 146.

[361] Kant: Kritik der Urtheilskraft (third edition, Berlin, 1799), Einleitung, pp. xvii.-xx. xxiv., xxv.

[362] Kant: Kritik der Urtheilskraft, Introduction, pp. xxv.-xxviii.

[363] Kant: Kritik der Urtheilskraft, Einleitung, pp. xxvi.-xxxiii.

[364] Ibidem, p. xxxiv.

[365] Ibidem, pp. xlviii.-lii.

[366] Kant: Kritik der Urtheilskraft, pp. xliii.-xlv., 16-19, 32, 56, 59, 77.

[367] Ibidem, pp. 279-283.

[368] Kant: Kritik der Urtheilskraft, pp. 286-288, 292-296.

[369] Ibidem, pp. 343, 344.

[370] Kant: Kritik der Urtheilskraft. pp. 347, 348 (351).

[371] Kant: Kritik der Urtheilskraft, pp. 423, 424.

[372] What falls under this heading in Jacobi’s philosophy is inserted here in the lectures of 1825-1826.

[373] Fichte: Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre (Leipzig, 1794), Preface, p. xii.

[374] Fichte’s Leben und Briefwechsel, edited by his son, Pt. I. pp. 3, 6, 24 _seq._; 38 _seq._; 142, 189; 337, 338, 348, 349, 353, 354, 358-364; Pt. II. pp. 140-142; Pt. I. pp. 370-372, 442-448, 455; 518, 540; 578.

[375] Fichte’s posthumous works, which were not published until after Hegel’s death, nevertheless show that the writer in his lectures at the Berlin University likewise worked out scientifically this newly developed point of view in his philosophy; Fichte made a beginning in this regard brocheven in the ure which appeared in 1810: “Die Wissenschaftslehre in ihrem allgemeinen Umrisse” (v. Michelet: Geschichte der letzten Systeme der Philosophie, Pt. I. pp. 441, 442). [Editor’s note.]

[376] Fichte: Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre, pp. 10-12.

[377] Fichte: Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre, pp. 13, 14.

[378] Fichte: Ueber den Begriff der Wissenschaftslehre (Weimar, 1794), p. 12.

[379] Fichte: Grundlage der ges. Wissenschaftsl., Preface, pp. x., xi.

[380] Fichte: Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre, pp. 184, 185.

[381] Fichte: Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre, p. 3.

[382] Cf. Fichte: Ueber den Begriff der Wissenschaftslehre, pp. 13-17, 19-39, 50-52.

[383] Fichte: Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre, pp. 4, 5.

[384] Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre, pp. 23, 5, 15, 17, 8.

[385] Fichte: Grundlage der ges. Wissenschaftslehre, pp. 17, 19-22.

[386] Fichte: Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre, pp. 34, 31, 23, 27-30 (52), 14, 18.

[387] Ibidem, pp. 52-56, 74.

[388] Fichte’s Anweisung zum seligen Leben, pp. 80-82.

[389] Fichte: Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre, p. 57.

[390] Fichte: Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre, pp. 78, 79.

[391] Fichte: Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre, pp. 60, 67, 59, 76.

[392] Ibidem, pp. 121, 122.

[393] Fichte: Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre, pp. 194-197, 204, 221, 222.

[394] Ibidem, p. 228.

[395] Fichte: Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre, pp. 225, 229, 232.

[396] Fichte: Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre, pp. 233, 238, 239.

[397] Fichte: Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre, pp. 302, 246, 247.

[398] Ibidem, p. 273.

[399] Fichte: Ueber den Grund unseres Glaubens an eine göttliche Weltregierung (Fichte’s Leben, Part II.), p. 111.

[400] Fichte: Verantwortungsschreiben gegen die Anklage des Atheismus, pp. 51, 53.

[401] Fichte: Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre, pp. 272-274.

[402] Fichte: Grundlage des Naturrechts (Jena und Leipzig, 1796), Part I. pp. 55-71.

[403] Ibidem, pp. 78-82.

[404] Fichte: Grundlage des Naturrechts, Part II. p. 21.

[405] Rixner: Handbuch d. Gesch. d. Phil. Vol. III., § 192, p. 416; Fichte: Ueber das Wesen des Gelehrten (Berlin, 1806), pp. 4, 5, 15, 25-27.

[406] Rixner: Handbuch d. Gesch. d. Phil. Vol. III. § 158, pp. 350, 351; Fries: Neue Kritik d. Vernunft (First edition, Heidelberg, 1807), Vol. I. pp. 75, 281, 284, 343; 206.

[407] Rixner: Handbuch d. Gesch. d. Phil. Vol. III. § 156, pp. 347, 348; cf. Bouterweck’s Apodiktik (1799), Part II. pp. 206-212.

[408] Krug: Entwurf eines neuen Organon der Philosophie (Meissen, 1801), pp. 75, 76; Rixner: Handbuch d. Geschichte d. Philosophie, Vol. III. § 157, p. 349.

[409] Schelling’s philosophische Schriften (Landshut, 1809, Vol. I. Vom Ich als Princip der Philosophie, pp. 1-114), pp. 3, 4 (first edition, Tubingen, 1795, pp. 4-7).

[410] His birthplace is usually stated to have been Leonberg, a short distance from Schorndorf.—[Translators’ note.]

[411] Lectures of 1816-1817. [Translators’ note.]

[412] Schelling’s philosophische Schriften: Vom Ich als Princip der Philosophie, p. 99 _seq._ (p. 178 _seq._).

[413] Ibidem, pp. 23, 24 (pp. 38-42).

[414] Ibidem, p. 83 (p. 150).

[415] Schelling’s System des transcendentalen Idealismus, p. 257, not. Zeitschrift für speculative Physik, Vol. II. No. 2, p. 92.

[416] Lectures of 1805-1806.

[417] Schelling: System des transcendentalen Idealismus, pp. 1-7, 17-21.

[418] Schelling: System des transcendentalen Idealismus, pp. 24-46, 49-52, 55-58, 63-65.

[419] Schelling: System des transcendentalen Idealismus, pp. 69, 70, 72-79.

[420] Schelling: System des transcendentalen Idealismus, pp. 85, 86, 89, 98, 442-444.

[421] Schelling: System des transcendentalen Idealismus, pp. 471, 472, 475.

[422] Schelling: Neue Zeitschrift für speculative Physik, Vol. I. Part I. pp. 52, 53.

[423] Kritisches Journal der Philosophie, published by Schelling and Hegel, Vol. I. Part I. p. 67; Schelling: Zeitschrift für speculative Physik, Vol. II. No. II. Preface, p. xiii.

[424] Schelling: Zeitschrift für speculative Physik, Vol. II. No. II. § 1, pp. 1, 2; § 4, p. 4; § 16-18, pp. 10-12.

[425] Ibidem, § 22-24, pp. 13-15; § 37, 38, pp. 22, 23; § 40-42, pp. 25, 26.

[426] Schelling: Zeitschrift für speculative Physik, Vol. II. No. II. § 25, 26, 28, 30-32, pp. 15-19; § 44, 46, pp. 27-29.

[427] Schelling: Zeitschrift für speculative Physik, Vol. II. No. II. § 50, Note I, § 51, pp. 34-36; § 54, p. 40; § 56, Appendix 2, § 57 and note, pp. 42-44.

[428] Schelling: Zeitschrift für spec. Phys., Vol. II. No. II. § 62-64, pp. 47, 48; § 92, 93, pp. 59, 60; § 67-69, pp. 49, 50; § 95, pp. 64-68; (Neue Zeitschrift für speculative Physik, Vol. I. Part II. pp. 92, 93, 98, 117-119; Erster Entwurf eines Systems der Nutur-philosophie, p. 297); § 76-78, p. 53; § 83 and Appendix, p. 54; § 103, Note, p. 76; § 112, p. 84.

[429] Ibidem, § 136, 137, pp. 109, 110, § 141, Appendix I. p. 112.

[430] Schelling: Neue Zeitschrift für speculative Physik, Vol. I. Part I. pp. 1-77; Part II. pp. 1-38.

[431] Schelling: Ibidem, Vol. I. Part II. p. 39.

[432] Schelling: Ibidem, Vol. I. Part II. pp. 39-41.

[433] Schelling, Ibidem, Vol. I. Part II. pp. 41-50.

[434] Schelling: Denkmal der Schrift von den göttlichen Dingen, pp. 94, 85, 86 (Philosophische Untersuchungen über das Wesen der menschlichen Freiheit in den Philosophischen Schriften, Vol. I. Landshut, 1809, p. 429). 89-93.

[435] Cf. Schelling’s Erster Entwurf der Natur-philosophie, p. 297.

[436] From the lectures of 1805-1806.

[437] Hamlet, Act I. Scene V.

INDEX

Abelard, III. 67, 68, 78, 79, 82.

Absolute, the, I. 91, 94, 102, 108, 109, 154, 178-180, 193, 279, 301,
374; II. 30, 378; III. 4, 6, 410, 551;
of Bruno, III. 127;
of Schelling, III. 525 _seq._

Abstraction, I. 97.

Academies of Science, II. 402.

Academy and Academics, II. 5, 236;
Old, II. 232, 311;
Middle, II. 311;
New, I. 107, 167, 474; II. 117, 232, 310-328;
subjectivity of New, II. 327;
15th cent. Platonic, I. 46; III. 112.

Achilles the Swift, I. 272.

Achilles, I. 443.

Adam, II. 392; III. 3, 9, 18.

Ænesidemus, II. 337.

Æschines, I. 450.

Æsculapius, I. 78.

Agrippa, II. 346.

Ahriman, I. 83-85, 118.

Air, spirit of, I. 86;
as Principle, I. 189, 190.

Albertus Magnus, III. 71, 75-77, 86.

Albordi, I. 84.

Alchemy, III. 326.

Alcibiades, I. 390, 395, 421, 427, 438, 447.

Alemæon, I. 207, 215.

Aldobrandini, I. 183.

Alexander, II. 121-127, 210, 335, 336.

Alexander of Hales, III. 73-75.

Alexandria, Alexandrians, I. 53, 82.

Alfarabi, III. 34.

Algazel, III. 35.

Alkendi, III. 34.

Amalrich, III. 70, 75.

Aminias, I. 249.

Ammonius Saccas, II. 403, 404.

Anabaptists, I. 443.

Anaxagoras, I 102,165,169,170,183, 186, 187, 190, 311, 313, 352, 373,
384, 386, 390, 432, 441;
life and teaching, I. 319-349;
νοῦς, I. 319 _seq._, 350, 351;
the Good, I. 332, 346;
homœomeriæ, I. 334 _seq._; II. 178, 345.

Anaximander, I. 44, 169, 170, 175, 194, 196, 203, 241, 249;
life and teaching, I. 185-189.

Anaximenes, I. 169, 170, 175, 196, 321;
age and teaching, I. 189-191.

Anniceris the Cyrenaic, I. 469, 478, 479.

Annihilation, I. 98.

Anselm, III. 61-67, 98, 235, 452.

Antigone, I. 441.

Antisthenes the Cynic, I. 280, 450, 481-486.

Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius, II. 26, 242, 243, 264, 272, 274, 372.

Anytus, I. 435, 436, 438.

Apelles, II. 342.

Apellicon of Teos, II. 127, 128.

Aphorisms (Sutras), I. 128.

Aphrodisiensis, Alexander, III. 111.

Apollodorus, I. 299.

Apollonius of Tyana, I. 200.

Aquinas, Thomas, III. 39, 71, 76, 86.

Arabians, I. 110; II. 395; III. 1, 27, 29, 37, 45, 76.

Aramæans, III. 27, 28.

Arcesilaus, II. 280, 311, 321, 325;
life and teaching, 313-319.

Archelaus, I. 191, 390.

Archytas of Tarentum, II. 5, 7.

Arians, III. 20.

Aristides, II. 25.

Aristippus of Cyrene, I. 469-475, 484-486;
principle of pleasure, I. 470 _seq._

” the Younger, I. 469.

Aristophanes, I. 401, 426-430; II. 14; III. 113.

Aristotle, I. 44, 46, 51, 88, 113, 128, 163, 165-168, 174, 175, 180-186,
192-195, 198, 208, 216, 220, 221, 229-232, 234, 237, 239, 240, 244,
245, 248, 257, 258, 260, 266, 269, 272, 278, 282-284, 286, 288, 292,
303, 304, 308, 314-316, 318, 319, 321, 329, 335, 350, 378, 380, 382,
387, 412-414; II. 1, 4, 11, 17, 38, 232, 234, 237, 244, 255, 270,
289, 296, 297, 312, 339, 350, 369, 380, 381, 383, 401, 403, 407,
410, 413, 429, 431, 450, 452; III. 29, 40, 42, 59, 63, 73-75, 81,
85, 86, 90, 99, 100, 110, 111, 120, 126, 137, 159, 181, 185, 243,
308, 349, 350, 358, 393, 467, 492, 535, 546, 548;
life and philosophy, II. 117-231;
Manuscripts, II. 127;
Poetics, II. 128;
Metaphysics, I. 166, 167, 211-215, 220, 225, 282, 285, 300, 301, 311,
316, 334, 340, 348; II. 128, 137-153;
exoteric and esoteric writings, II. 129;
Aristotelian Idea, II. 134, 139, 229, 230;
knowledge and conception of end, II. 135, 156 _seq._, 258;
ontology, II. 138;
potentiality and actuality, II. 138;
principle of individualization, II. 140;
principle of activity, II. 141 _seq._;
sensuous substance, II. 141, 142;
understanding, II. 143;
the Absolute, II. 143;
organization of the universe, II. 152;
philosophy of nature, 153-179;
Physics, I. 189, 251, 252, 255, 259; II. 153 _seq._; III. 76, 139;
movement and change, II. 153 _seq._, 163 _seq._, 173-175;
treatises, II. 154, 155, 180;
_entelecheia_, II. 159, 182; III. 71, 124, 331;
place, II. 165, 166;
empty space, II. 166;
time, II. 170 _seq._;
elements, deduction of, II. 176, 177;
philosophy of mind, II. 180-210;
psychology, II. 180-202;
body and soul, II. 182 _seq._;
sense-perception, II. 186-194;
thought and understanding, II. 194 _seq._;
practical philosophy, II. 201-210;
happiness as principle of morality, II. 203 _seq._;
Politics, II. 207-210;
Logic, II. 210-231; III. 144;
the categories, II. 212-217;
interpretation, II. 217;
Analytics, II. 217;
Topics, I. 358; II. 217; III. 129;
Sophistical elenchi, I. 457, 464; II. 218, 219;
commentators of, II. 403; III. 34, 35;
organon, III. 34, 44;
dialectic, III. 145;
deduction of, III. 179;
Notion of, III. 471.

Arnold of Brescia, III. 148.

Arrian, II. 242, 243.

Art, I. 67, 69, 393; III. 540, 542, 552;
poetic, III. 544.

Asclepigenia, II. 433.

Asia, Asiatics, I. 22, 150, 206; II. 123.

Asia Minor, I. 169; II. 123.

Aspasia, I. 328, 441.

Assistance, Descartes’ system of, III. 243 _seq._, 291, 332, 361.

Ast, I. 114, 400, 401.

Atheism, I. 41, 328; III. 280, 282, 381, 384, 387, 413.

Athenian and Athenians, I. 49, 79, 100, 168, 169, 328, 407, 408;
democracy, I. 280;
golden age, I. 322;
mode of life, I. 396;
spirit of, I. 426;
the State, I. 439;
law, I. 440, 442;
subjective principle opposed by, I. 444, 445, 447.

Atomic Theory, I. 37; II. 174;
of Leucippus, I. 300 _seq._, 384;
of Epicurus, II. 288-290, 299; III. 449.

Aufklärung, III. 379, 382, 384, 386, 387, 403-408, 420, 422, 426.

Augustine, III. 37, 69, 74, 291, 294.

Authority, I. 60, 93, 142; III. 386.

Averroës, III. 35, 86, 111, 138.

Bacon, Lord, I. 110; III. 189, 289, 295, 370;
life and philosophy, III. 171-188;
treatment of science, III. 174;
works, III. 177 _seq._;
natural history, III. 182 _seq._;
final causes, III. 184 _seq._

Bacon, Roger, III. 92.

Basilides, II. 397.

Baumgarten, III. 356.

Bayle, I. 269; III. 140, 271, 329.

Beattie, James, III. 376, 377.

Becoming, I. 404, 451; II. 60, 427;
of Heraclitus, 279 _seq._

Being, I. 57, 73, 106, 107, 125, 174, 278, 282, 294, 301, 378, 383, 408,
451; II. 177; III. 98, 506;
of Eleatics, I. 240 _seq._;
and non-Being, I. 382; II. 32, 393; III. 301;
Being-in-self, I. 24;
Being-in-itself, I. 20; III. 472, 506;
Being-for-self, I. 21, 24, 76, 302, 334, 451; III. 346, 363, 365, 419;
as sensation, II. 276;
opposed to Thought, II. 317, 318; III. 63, 160;
of Plotinus, II. 414, 415;
in unity with Thought, III. 224, 228 _seq._, 256, 271 _seq._,
452 _seq._;
Being-for-another, III. 302, 308 _seq._, 346, 504;
for Thought, III. 325 _seq._;
Other-Being, III. 365.

Bekker, III. 254.

Berkeley, Bishop, III. 364-369, 370, 442.

Berosus of the Chaldeans, I. 86, 87.

Bessarion, III. 112.

Beza, III. 120.

Bias, I. 156, 157.

Bible, III. 12, 14, 114.

Boccaccio, III. 114.

Bockh, II, 81.

Boehme, Jacob, I. 110; III. 161, 170, 224, 238, 273, 238, 289, 324, 325,
330, 542;
life and teaching, III. 188-216;
doctrine of Evil, III. 194 _seq._;
doctrine of God, III. 197-202;
process, III. 202, 211;
the Spirit, III. 211.

Boethius, III. 37, 74.

Bonaparte, III. 104.

Brahma, I. 118, 128-133.

Brahmins, I. 137.

Brandis, Prof., I. 242, 248.

Brucker, I. 43, 112, 185; II. 400.

Bruno, Giordano, I. 113;
III, 116, 119-137, 139, 155, 194, 228, 287.

Buddha, Buddhiste, I. 124, 125; II. 125.

Buffon, I. 188.

Buhle, I. 113; II. 200; III. 121, 272, 274, 329.

Buridan, III. 85, 86.

Byzantine world, III. 11, 46.

Cabala, II. 394-396; III. 25, 113, 118.

Cagliostro, I. 438.

Caius Acilius, II. 320.

Calculus, differential and integral, III. 327, 328, 352.

Calvin, III. 120.

Campanella, III. 116, 119.

Canade, I. 141, 143, 144.

Canning, I. 58.

Capila, I. 128, 137.

Cardanus, III. 116-119, 138.

Carneades, II. 211, 311, 319-327;
doctrine of sensation, II. 322;
of conception, II. 322 _seq._

Cassiodorus, III. 37, 74.

Caste, I. 98.

Cato the Elder, II. 320.

Cause, Causality, I. 41, 138, 139, 192;
first, I. 174;
final, I. 345;
of Plato, I. 342, 343.

Cesava, I. 143.

Charlier, John, III. 91.

Charondas, I. 201.

Charpentier, III. 145.

Charron, III. 146.

Chilon, I. 156, 161.

Chinese, I. 89, 119, 125; II. 123, 124.

Christ, I. 14, 17, 67, 71, 72, 71, 105, 117, 446; III. 4, 5, 14, 15, 54,
103.

Christians, Christianity, I. 8, 9, 46, 49, 79, 111, 117; II. 114, 226,
374, 377-379, 383, 390, 391, 448; III. 1, 4, 8, 10-14, 22, 21,
40-46, 49, 57, 90, 103, 142, 157, 158, 194, 217, 218, 258, 319, 439;
influenced by Plato, II. 2;
ideal man, II. 94;
idea of, III. 2, 5, 7.

Chrysippus the Stoic, I. 460; II. 240, 241, 249, 250, 256, 258, 280.

Church, the, I. 8, 53, 92, 110, 117, 149; III. 21, 45, 50-53, 55-58,
102, 103, 106, 142, 147 _seq._;
Christian, III. 60, 61;
faith of, III. 417;
dogma of, I. 60.

Cicero, I. 16, 92, 93, 121, 167, 183-185, 189, 228, 233, 242, 279, 364,
388, 455, 479; II. 12, 130, 225, 243, 244, 246, 248-251, 259, 262,
267, 278, 280, 305, 314, 319, 375; III. 38, 110, 175, 242, 376.

Citizenship, I. 361-363.

Clarke, III. 319, 320.

Cleanthes, II. 240, 244.

Clement of Alexandria, I. 212, 289, 294.

Cleobulus, I. 156, 161.

Clothing, dress, I. 201, 207, 483, 481; III. 168.

Colerus, III. 254.

Colebrooke, I. 127, 128, 131, 137-139, 141.

Concrete, the, I. 20, 23-28, 33, 34, 40, 79, 122; II. 13, 84;
world of thought, I. 178.

Condensation and Rarefaction, I. 180-182, 187.

Confucius, I. 120-124.

Conscience, I. 98.

_Consensus gentium_, I. 59, 93.

Constitution (of a nation), II. 96-98.

Contingency, I. 11, 36.

Continuity of Space (of Zeno), I. 268 _seq._;
(of Leucippus) I. 306, 307.

Copernicus, Copernican Theory, III. 140, 315.

Corceo, Robert, III. 74.

Cousin, II. 434, 450; III. 223.

Cramer, III. 39.

Crates, II. 314.

Crates of Thebes, I. 487.

Cratylus, II. 4.

Creuzer, I. 82, 281; II. 406, 434.

Criterion, the, as principle, II. 234, 235, 250, 254, 257, 267, 281,
285, 287, 313, 316, 318, 321-324, 374, 408.

Critias, I. 438, 447; II. 2, 3.

Critolaus, II. 242.

Crœsus, I. 155, 157, 161, 163, 171.

Crusades, Crusaders, III. 53, 104, 109.

Crusius, III. 356.

Cudworth, III. 319.

Culture, I. 205, 356;
French, I. 359;
European, I. 365, 366.

Custom (of Hume), III. 372 _seq._

Cynics, Cynicism, I. 126, 452-454; II. 22, 236, 237, 239, 276, 308;
principle of the, I. 453, 469;
school of the, I. 479-487.

Cyrenaics, I. 452-454, 480; II. 22, 236, 277, 303, 304; III. 404;
principle of the, I. 453;
school of the, I. 469-479.

Cyrus, I. 155, 157, 171.

Dæmon (of Socrates), Dæmonic influences, I. 421-425, 431, 434, 439.

Dalai Lama, II. 125; III. 15, 103.

D’Alembert, III. 387, 393.

Damascius, II. 450.

Dante, III. 105, 114.

Darius Hystaspes, I. 280.

Darkness, principle of, I. 84, 85, 135.

David of Dinant, III. 70, 75.

Delphic problem, II. 4.

Demetrius, I. 281.

Democritus, I. 169, 170, 298, 335, 336;
life and teaching, I. 299-310; II. 277, 278;
atoms of, II. 288.

Demosthenes, I. 157.

Descartes, I. 38, 59, 110, 308; III. 166, 217, 219, 255, 256, 259, 260,
282, 300, 308, 319, 332, 352, 359, 385, 393, 406, 423, 452, 454,
486, 515, 549;
life and teaching, III. 220-252;
_cogito ergo sum_, III. 228 _seq._;
mechanical point of view, III. 246 _seq._

Development, I. 20-24, 27, 28, 33, 34, 37, 41, 44; II. 158, 383.