Chapter III: Part 3

Grey of Wilton, Arthur, fourteenth Lord, v. 12

Grey, Lady Catharine, iv. 70, 238; v. 121

Grey, Lady Jane, iv. 69;
proclaimed queen, 70;
imprisoned, 71;
trial, 75;
beheaded, 84;
_Chronicle of_, 3

Grey, Lord Leonard, iii. 330

Grey, Sir John, iii. 124

Grey, Sir Thomas, iii. 30

Grimbald, Abbot of Winchester, i. 113

Grimston, Sir Harbottle, v. 324

Grindal, Edmund,
Protestant exile, iv. 119, 132;
tutor of Elizabeth, 134;
Archbishop of Canterbury, 290; v. 17;
Strype's _Life of_, iv. 4

Grindecobbe, William, ii. 330, 332

Grocyn, William, iii. 190, 197, 256

Grosseteste, Robert, bishop of Lincoln,
his letters, i. 274;
his Constitutions, ii. 8;
lectures at Oxford, 14;
friendship with Bacon, 18;
remonstrates against policy of Henry III., 34;
friendship with Simon de Montfort, 41

Grouchy, Marshal, viii. 208, 210

Gruffydd ap Llewelyn, prince of Wales, ii. 47

Gruffydd ap Conan, prince of North Wales, ii. 54

Guader, Ralf de, i. 189

Gualchmai, ii. 52, 54

Gualo, legate, ii. 1

Guesclin, Bertrand du, ii. 281, 283-287

Guienne
seized by Philip the Fair, ii. 142;
restored to Edward III., 266;
the Black Prince's ravages in, 259;
attacked by Du Guesclin, 285;
attacked by Armagnac, iii. 16;
conquered by Charles VII., 68, 69.
_See_ Aquitaine

Guineas, the first, vi. 223

Guise, Francis, Duke of, iv. 108, 174, 208, 210, 216

Guise, Henry, Duke of, iv. 355, 356, 367

Guise, Mary of. _See_ Mary

Guisnes
ceded to Edward III., ii. 266;
meeting of Henry VIII. and Francis I. at, iii. 241;
surrendered to France, iv. 108

Gunpowder, effects of its introduction, iii. 95

Gunpowder Plot, the, v. 158, 159

Gurdon, Sir Adam, ii. 86, 87, 94

Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, v. 275, 276

Guthlac, St., i. 86

Guthrum, king of East Anglia, i. 104, 106

Guy, Bishop of Amiens, i. 6

Gwent, the, i. 34

Gwent (in Wales) rises against Eadward the Elder, i. 118

Gwynn, Nell, vi. 176; vii. 5

Gyrth, son of Godwine, i. 164

Gyrwas, i. 117

Gytha of Hordaland, i. 128

Hainault, Jacqueline, Countess of, iii. 38, 42, 43

Hainault, William I., Count of, ii. 198, 217

Hainault, William II., Count of, ii. 220

Hakluyt's _Voyages_, v. 10

Hale, Sir Matthew, vi. 85, 96, 200

Hales, Sir Edward, vii. 15

Hales, John, theologian, vi. 134, 136, 137

Hales, John, leader of Peasant Revolt, ii. 319

Halidon Hill, battle of, ii. 211

Halifax (Nova Scotia), its foundation, vii. 242

Halifax, George Savile, first Viscount, Earl, and Marquis of, vi. 280;
correspondence with Barillon, 298;
takes office, 301;
against the exclusion of James, 307;
plans for the succession, 308;
throws out the Exclusion Bill, 320;
his Bill of Securities, _ib._;
his Limitation Bill, 323;
advises calling a new Parliament, 334;
dismissed from the Privy Council, vii. 14;
joins William III., 43;
prays him to accept the Crown, 47;
Lord Privy Seal, 67;
opposes the war and the Bank, 88;
death, 182

Halifax, George Montague, second Earl of, vii. 242-244

Hall, Joseph, Bishop of Norwich and satirist, v. 303

Halle's _Chronicle_, iii. 83

Halley, Edmund, vi. 166

Hamilton, James, third Marquis and first Duke of, v. 275, 334-336,
364;
supports Charles I., vi. 58, 59;
defeated at Preston, 62;
executed, 72

Hamilton, William, second Duke of, vi. 82, 84

Hamilton, James, of Bothwellhaugh, iv. 271; v. 122

Hamilton, General Gustavus, vii. 58

Hamilton, Colonel, vii. 53

Hammond, Colonel, vi. 59

Hampden, Griffith, v. 320

Hampden, John,
his youth, v. 320;
in Parliament of 1621, 321;
resists forced loan, _ib._, 255;
in Parliament of 1628, 321;
his home, 321, 322;
character, 322;
friends and kindred, _ib._;
refuses to pay ship-money, 323;
trial of his case, 324, 330, 331;
judgement against him annulled, 352;
one of the "five members," 373;
urges the abolition of Episcopacy, vi. 14;
member of Committee of Public Safety, 1;
his "Greencoats," 6, 7;
his services in the war, 6-8;
fight at Chalgrove, 10;
death, 11;
burial, 12

Hampden, John, the younger, vi. 336

Hampton Court,
Wolsey's palace at, iii. 236, 253;
treaty of, iv. 209;
conference on religion at, v. 152

Hanover, convention of, vii. 231

Harald Fairhair, king of Norway, i. 128, 129

Harald Hardrada, king of Denmark, i. 161, 162

Harald Harefoot, king of England, i. 147

Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, first Earl of, vii. 203, 245

Hardyng's _Chronicle_, ii. 179

Harfleur taken by Henry V., iii. 30

Hargreaves, John, viii. 59

Harley, Robert, vii. 102;
Secretary of State, 124;
intrigues against Marlborough, 132;
dismissed, 138;
returns to office, 139;
rivalry with Bolingbroke, 143;
countenances the South Sea bubble, 192.
_See_ Oxford

Harold, son of Godwine, Earl of East Anglia, i. 150;
governor of the realm under Eadward, 153;
campaign in Wales, _ib._, ii. 47;
his oath to William, i. 159;
king, 160;
struggle with Tostig and Harald Hardrada, 161, 162;
slain at Senlac, 165

Harrington's version of Ariosto, v. 2

Harrison, General, vi. 90, 91, 195

Harry, Blind, i. 275

Harthacnut, king, i. 147, 148

Harvey, Gabriel, v. 11, 12

Harvey, William, v. 52, 55; vi. 131

Haselrig, Arthur,
one of the Five Members, v. 373;
charges against him, vi. 85;
opposes the dissolution of the Rump, 89;
in Parliament of 1654, 101;
denies the legality of the government, 102;
demands the dismissal of Fleetwood and Lambert, 150

Hasting, i. 116, 117

Hastings, battle of, i. 162-165

Hastings, John, second Lord, claimant of Scotland, ii. 136

Hastings (of Ashby), William, first Lord, iii. 163, 164

Hastings, Henry, Lord, iv. 70.
_See_ Huntingdon

Hastings, Warren, viii. 31, 50, 51

Havana conquered by England, vii. 307

Havre
surrendered to Elizabeth, iv. 210;
capitulates to France, 217

Hawarden Castle captured by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 11

Hawke, Admiral, vii. 265

Hawkesbury, Robert Banks Jenkinson, Lord, viii. 157.
_See_ Liverpool

Hawkins, John, iv. 283, 361

Hawley, General, vii. 229

Haxey, Sir Thomas, ii. 370

Hayward's _Life of Edward VI._, iv. 3;
his _Annals_, _ib._, 4

Heathenism, its struggle with Christianity in England, i. 65, 66,
70-73

Heathfield, battle of the, i. 66

Heaven's Field, battle of, i. 67

Hebrides, Northmen in the, i. 129

Hemingford or Heminburh, Walter of, ii. 177

Hengest, i. 31, 49

Henrietta Maria of France, wife of Charles I., v. 241, 376; vi. 4

Henrietta, Duchess of Orleans, vi. 192, 257

Henry I., King, i. 198;
charter and marriage, _ib._, 199;
relations with the English people, 198, 200-202;
with the barons, 202;
conquers Normandy, _ib._;
dealings with Wales, ii. 48;
his rule, i. 203-205;
administration, 205, 206;
death, 214;
literature at his court, 246;
his charter produced by Langton, 340;
his charter to London, 304;
to Oxford, 309;
"Laws" of, 339

Henry (II.) Fitz-Empress, i. 226;
comes to England, 227;
treaty with Stephen, _ib._;
king, 228;
person and character, 229-231;
results of his rule, 231;
first measures, 232;
Welsh war, _ib._; ii. 53, 54;
extent of his continental dominions, i. 232, 233;
war of Toulouse, 233;
relations with the barons, _ib._;
with the Church, 235-237, 253;
struggle with Thomas, 236, 237, 239, 240;
penance at his shrine, 255;
legal reforms, 235-239, 255, 256;
reforms of the King's Court, ii. 110, 111;
visits Arthur's tomb at Glastonbury, i. 247; ii. 57, 58;
dealings with Ireland, i. 250, 251, 253;
rebellions against him, 254, 255;
receives homage of Scotland, i. 255; ii. 134;
reorganizes the fyrd, 257;
revolt of his sons, _ib._;
introduces taxation of personal property, _ib._;
death, 258;
charter to Oxford, 309

Henry III., King,
crowned, ii. 1;
crowned again, 5;
character and policy, 25, 26;
relations with Rome, 26, 27, 59;
campaigns in Britanny and Poitou, 29;
quarrel with Hubert de Burgh, _ib._;
personal government, 31;
marriage, 32;
foreign favourites, _ib._, 33;
misrule, 34;
confirms Charter, _ib._;
second campaign in Poitou, 35;
quarrels with Simon of Montfort, 39, 40;
contributes to Matthew Paris's _Chronicle_, 44;
goes to France, 64;
forbids summoning of Parliament, _ib._;
gets the Provisions of Oxford annulled by the Pope, 65;
tries to surprise Simon at Southwark, 69;
prisoner, 71;
vengeance after Evesham, 79, 83;
dies, 90

Henry (IV.), Earl of Derby, son of John of Gaunt, ii. 351;
one of the Lords Appellant, 353;
position and policy, 369;
supports Richard II., 370;
Duke of Hereford, 372;
quarrel with Norfolk, _ib._;
exiled, _ib._;
returns, 373, 379;
captures Richard II. at Flint, 381;
king, iii. 2;
relations with Parliament, 3, 4;
with the Church, 4;
with France, 6;
with the lords, 7;
plot against him, 8;
marches against Scotland, 9;
against Owen Glyndwr, 10, 11;
imprisons James of Scotland, 15, 16;
epilepsy, 22;
struggle with council and Parliament, 23-25;
vow of crusade, 25;
death, _ib._

Henry (V.), son of Henry of Lancaster, ii. 378;
his campaigns in Wales, iii. 10, 17, 18, 22;
person and character, 17, 18;
friendship with Oldcastle, 20, 27;
policy, 22;
struggle with the council, 24, 25;
king, 25;
coronation, 26;
first measures, _ib._;
action against Lollards, 27;
claims French crown, 28;
plot against him, 30;
takes Harfleur, _ib._;
victory at Agincourt, 30-32;
alliance with Burgundy, 32;
conquers Normandy, 33, 34;
marriage and treaty with France, 35;
enters Paris, 36;
captures Dreux, _ib._;
repulsed from Orleans, _ib._;
besieges Meaux, _ib._;
his plans, 37, 38;
death, 36;
_Life of_, by Titus Livius, iii. 41;
authorities for his reign, ii. 179

Henry VI., king, iii. 39;
crowned at Paris, 55;
his court at Rouen, _ib._;
struggle with York, 68-70;
idiotcy, 71;
recovers, 72;
prisoner, 74, 75;
escapes to Scotland, 80;
recaptured, 123, 127;
sent to the Tower, 127;
restored, 139;
imprisoned again, 142;
death, 145;
library, 161;
authorities for his reign, ii. 179, 180

Henry (VII.) Tudor, iii. 145;
early life, 165, 166;
expedition to England, 167;
goes to France, 171;
lands at Milford Haven, _ib._;
victory at Bosworth, 172;
person and character, 173;
title to the crown, 174, 175;
marriage, 175;
his government, 176-178;
expedition to France, 179, 180;
dealings with Ireland, 181, 182;
with Scotland, 184, 185;
with Spain, 186-188;
patronage of Caxton, 161;
chapel at Westminster, 174;
death, 198;
_Lives of_, 83

Henry (VIII.), son of Henry VII.,
betrothed to Catharine of Aragon, iii. 187;
king, 198;
person and tastes, _ib._, 199;
protects the New Learning, 202, 204;
temper, 204;
policy towards France, 205, 207;
marries Catharine, 207;
relations with Ferdinand, _ib._;
attempt on France, 209, 210;
treaty with Lewis XII., 232;
with Charles, 233;
relations with Charles, 235;
treaty with Francis, _ib._;
seeks the Empire, 240;
designs on France, _ib._;
interview with Charles, 241;
with Francis, _ib._;
league with Charles and the Pope, 243;
financial difficulties, _ib._, 244, 251, 252;
new alliance with Charles, 250;
supports the Papacy, 255;
his _Assertion of the Seven Sacraments_, _ib._;
named "Defender of the Faith," _ib._;
protects Latimer, 263, 265;
treaties with France, 266, 270;
joins the Holy League, 266;
seeks a divorce, 268, 272;
relations with Anne Boleyn, 267, 270, 273, 274, 276;
with Parliament, 288;
forbids the circulation of Tyndale's Bible, 290;
appeals to the Universities about his divorce, 292;
claims to be "Head of the Church," 296;
banishes Catharine from his house, 298;
league with France, 302;
threatened with excommunication, _ib._;
marries Anne Boleyn, 303;
takes title of "Supreme Head of the Church," 306;
Cromwell's hold over him, 313, 314;
marries Jane Seymour, 326;
dealings with Ireland, 327, 328, 330-333;
turns to the Lutherans, 335, 336;
his Articles of Religion, 337, 338;
attitude towards Protestantism, 345;
excommunicated, 350;
marries Anne of Cleves, 351;
divorces Anne and marries Catharine Howard, iv. 17;
marries Catharine Parr, 24;
dealings with Scotland, 25-29;
alliance with Charles, 27;
campaign in France, 30;
treaty with Francis, 33;
financial difficulties, 34;
offers aid to the League of Schmalkald, 36;
drift of his religious policy, 37;
address to Parliament in 1545, 38;
his scheme for union of England and Scotland, 52;
death, 45;
will, 46, 69

Henry V., Emperor, i. 208

Henry VI., Emperor, i. 262

Henry II., king of France, iv. 53, 65, 174

Henry III., king of France (_see_ Anjou), iv. 301, 348, 356, 367, 368

Henry, king of Navarre, iv. 348, 355, 367;
king of France (Henry IV.), 368;
victory at Ivry, 369;
besieges Paris, _ib._;
besieges Rouen, 371;
conversion, 372;
assassinated, v. 178

Henry, son of Henry II.,
betrothed to Margaret of France, i. 233;
crowned, 240;
rebels, 254, 257;
dies, 257

Henry of Almaine, ii. 87

Henry, Bishop of Winchester, i. 224, 225

Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, i. 264

Henry, son of David I. of Scotland, ii. 134

Henry of Essex, ii. 54

Henry of Trastamara, ii. 282-284, 287

Herbert, Arthur,
carries the invitation to William III., vii. 35;
Earl of Torrington, 68, 75

Herbert, George, v. 113, 303

Herbert, Philip, Lord, vi. 101

Herbert, Sir Thomas, v. 72

Hereford, Humfrey de Bohun, Earl of. _See_ Bohun

Hereford, Henry, Duke of. _See_ Henry IV.

Hereward, i. 170

Herford, Nicholas, ii. 336, 339, 341, 343

Herrick, Robert, v. 303

Herrings, battle of the, iii. 46

Hertford, Edward Seymour, Earl of, iv. 41;
expedition to Scotland, _ib._, 29;
head of the "new men," 45, 46;
sends aid to the German Protestants, 50.
_See_ Somerset

Hertford, Edward Seymour, first Earl of, v. 121

Hertfordshire, royalist rising in, vi. 59

Hexham,
battle of, iii. 123;
chroniclers of, i. 173, 243

Heywood, Thomas, v. 42

Heyworth Moor, meeting of Yorkshire freeholders at, v. 378

Higden, Ralph, ii. 356;
Caxton's edition of, iii. 157

Highlands,
rising in, under Montrose, vi. 23;
under Dundee, vii. 52;
under Mar, 183;
under Charles Edward, 228;
conquest of, 230, 231

Hild, abbess of Streoneshealh, i. 77

Hilsey, Bishop of Rochester, iii. 336

History, English,
its beginning, i. 31;
compilation of, under Ælfred, 115;
new school of, under Henry II., 173, 174, 244;
revival under Elizabeth, v. 3, 4;
municipal, materials for, i. 274

Hoard, the, at Winchester, i. 180, 188

Hobbes, Thomas, vi. 138-141, 170

Hoby, Sir Edward, v. 57

Hoche, General, viii. 121, 123, 124

Hochkirch, battle of, vii. 263

Hohenfriedburg, battle of, vii. 227

Hohenlinden, battle of, viii. 143

Holinshed's _History_, iii. 83

Holland,
its alliance with France, v. 316;
recognizes Charles II., vi. 70;
relations with the Commonwealth, 81;
war with England, 86, 88;
alliance with Cromwell, 116;
relations with Charles II., 186, 187;
quarrel with England, 223, 224;
war, 225, 226, 238, 239, 242;
policy of Lewis XIV. towards, 251;
war with England, 261, 268;
attacked by Lewis, 268;
declares war against him, vii. 49;
acknowledges Philip V. as king of Spain, 101;
alliance with England, 102, 105;
with England and France, 187;
with England and Prussia, viii. 85;
attacked by France, 102;
conquered, 110;
made a kingdom for Louis Buonaparte, 185;
annexed by Napoleon, 199

Holland, Henry Rich, first Earl of, vi. 62, 72

Hollis, Denzil, v. 373;
member of Committee of Public Safety, vi. 1;
his policy in 1646, 48, 49;
ecclesiastical policy, 50;
his expulsion demanded, 54;
takes office under Charles II., 301;
his _Memoirs_, v. 72

Holmby House, Charles I. seized at, vi. 53

Holy Island (Lindisfarne), i. 69

Homildon Hill, battle of, iii. 12

_Homilies, Book of_, iv. 59

Honorius III., Pope, ii. 1

Hood, Samuel, first Baron and Viscount, viii. 109

Hooke, Robert, vi. 166

Hooker, Richard, v. 110-112

Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, iv. 61, 91, 120

Hopton, Sir Ralph, vi. 5, 6

Horder (treasurer), the, i. 132

Horne, Robert, iv. 119

Horsa, i. 31

Horse-thegn (constable), i. 132

Hospitals, suppression of, iv. 34

Hotham, Sir John, v. 378

Hough, John, President of Magdalen College, Oxford, vii. 25, 26

Hounslow, camp at, vii. 16

Howard of Effingham, Charles, second Lord, iv. 358, 360, 361

Howard of Escrick, Edward, first Lord, v. 343

Howard of Escrick, William, third Lord, vi. 336

Howard, John, viii. 48-50

Howard, Catharine, iv. 17, 24

Howard, Frances, Countess of Essex, v. 190-193;
of Somerset, 193, 205-207

Howard, Sir Robert, iii. 286

Howards, the, iii. 286

Howe, Richard, first Earl, viii. 111

Howe, John, vi. 210;
refuses the Indulgence, vii. 22

Howe, General Sir William, viii. 23, 25

Howel Dda, Laws of, ii. 46

Howden, Roger of, i. 174, 244

Hrolf the Ganger, i. 154, 155

Hubert Walter, Bishop of Salisbury, i. 262;
Archbishop of Canterbury and justiciar, _ib._;
his administration, 264;
puts down tumult in London, 320;
resigns justiciarship, 267;
opposes John, 328;
dies, 329

Hubertsberg, treaty of, vii. 306

Huddleston, Father John, vii. 4

Hugh, St., Bishop of Lincoln, i. 174, 267

Hugh, St. (martyr), of Lincoln, ii. 127

Hugh the Wolf, Earl of Chester, ii. 47

Huguenots, iv. 174-176;
supported by Elizabeth, 189;
growth of their power, 206-208;
rising of, 209;
treaty with Elizabeth, _ib._, 210;
with Catharine, 217;
defeated at Jarnac, 267;
at Montcontour, 268;
massacre of, 299;
refugees at Canterbury, 306;
settle in Florida, iv. 330;
persecuted by Lewis XIV., vi. 317, 335; vii. 13;
fly to England, 14

Hull, Charles I. refused admittance to, v. 378

Humbert, General, viii. 130

Hundred, the, i. 19, 47

Hundred-court, the, i. 20;
preserved by William I., 185, 186;
grand jury elected in, 264

Hundred-Rolls, ii. 117

Hundred Years' War,
its beginning, ii. 213;
change in its character, iii. 29;
its effects, ii. 214, 215; iii. 103, 104

Huntingdon
reduced by Eadward, i. 119;
granted to David of Scotland, ii. 134

Huntingdon, Henry Hastings, third Earl of (_see_ Hastings), iv. 268

Huntingdon, John Holland, Earl of (Duke of Exeter), iii. 7, 8

Huntingdon, Henry of, i. 4, 173, 243

Huntly, Alexander Gordon, fourth Earl of, iv. 199, 205

Huntly, George Gordon, fifth Earl of, iv. 226

Huntly, George Gordon, sixth Earl of, v. 139, 140

Huntly, George Gordon, second Marquis of, v. 336, 337

Hus-carls,
Cnut's, i. 144, 146;
Harthacnut's, 148;
Harold's, 163, 164

Huss, John, ii. 349

Hussey, John, Lord, iii. 322, 325

Hutchinson, Colonel, v. 81, 97;
_Memoirs of_, 72

Hutten, Ulrich von, iii. 256

Hwiccas, i. 66

Hyde, Anne, vi. 221

Hyde, Edward, v. 362;
organizes the Royalist party in Parliament, 367;
joins Charles I. at York, 378;
Chancellor of the Exchequer, vi. 205.
_See_ Clarendon

Hyde, Lawrence, vi. 315, 334

Hyder Ali, viii. 131

Iceland colonized by Northmen, i. 129

Ida the Flame-bearer, i. 52

Impositions of James I., v. 160

Income-tax, viii. 137

Independents, v. 308;
emigrate to America, _ib._, 310;
return, vi. 28;
their petition to Charles II., 200

India,
Ælfred's intercourse with, i. 109, 113;
English settlements in, vii. 232;
French attack on, 233;
Portuguese settlements in, 232;
French withdraw from, 307;
Warren Hastings' rule in, viii. 31, 32, 50;
Fox's scheme for its government, 67, 68;
Buonaparte's designs on, 131, 132

Indulgence,
first Declaration of, vi. 219, 220;
second, 262, 273;
third, vii. 22;
fourth, 29, 30

Ine, king of Wessex, i. 89, 90

Ingelger of Anjou, i. 209

Innocent III., Pope,
quashes elections to Canterbury, i. 329;
appoints Stephen Langton, 330;
lays England under interdict, _ib._;
sentences John to deposition, 333;
annuls the Charter, excommunicates the barons, and suspends Langton,
354

Interdict
in England, i. 330, 331;
in Flanders, ii. 219, 224

"Interim," the, iv. 51

Inquisition, the, iv. 31, 101

Inverlochy, battle of, vi. 38

Iona, i. 69

Ireland,
materials for early history of, i. 7, 8;
its condition after the Danish invasions, 249, 250;
slave-trade with Bristol, 250;
bull for conquest of, 251;
Anglo-Norman invasion of, 252;
Henry II. in, 253;
Gerald de Barri's treatises on, 245, 285;
students from, at Oxford, 291;
condition after the Norman invasion, ii. 373-375;
barons of, rise against John, i. 332, 333;
John in, ii. 375, 376;
Gaveston in, 187;
Edward Bruce's expedition to, 376;
condition under Edward III., 377;
Richard II. in, 367, 378;
Henry VII.'s dealings with, iii. 181, 182;
condition under Henry VIII., 326, 327;
conquest of, 328-330;
Henry's government of, 330-333;
effects of Cromwell's ecclesiastical policy in, 339-342;
attempts to force the Reformation on, iv. 62, 63;
condition under Mary, 109-111;
trade with Bristol, iv. 282;
condition under Elizabeth, 314, 315;
rising in, 315, 316;
condition after the fall of Smerwick, v. 61;
rising in, under Hugh O'Neill, 62;
condition under James I., 287, 288;
Wentworth's rule in, 290-292, 364;
rising in, 365;
Charles I.'s dealings with, vi. 16;
success of Ormond's diplomacy in, 71;
Royalist successes in, 75;
Cromwell's campaign in, 76, 77, 79;
proposal for its union with England, 84, 86;
its first representation in the English Parliament, 99;
Cromwell's conquest and settlement of, 109, 110;
first union with England, 110;
union dissolved, 180;
condition under Charles II., 181, 182;
under James II., vii. 17, 55-59;
war in, between James and William, 70-72;
William's conquest of, 73, 74;
relations with England, viii. 33;
condition in eighteenth century, 34-36;
demand for independence, 37, 38;
made independent, 39;
Pitt's dealings with, 78, 117, 118;
peasant risings in, 119;
Hoche's descent on, 124;
panic in, _ib._, 125;
revolt in, 129;
second union with England, 139

Ireton, Henry,
supports the Independents, vi. 45;
his influence with the army, 51;
policy, 54, 56, 57, 81;
Irish campaign and death, 109;
his corpse outraged, 201

Irishmen, United, viii. 118-120, 127, 128

Iron,
manufactures of, iv. 279;
mines, i. 30; ii. 107;
trade in eighteenth century, viii. 54, 57

Isabel I., queen of Castille, iii. 186, 187

Isabella of Angoulême, wife of King John, ii. 33

Isabella of France, wife of Edward II., ii. 186, 197, 198, 207, 208

Isabella of France, wife of Richard II., ii. 368

Isabella, daughter of Philip II. of Spain, iv. 372; v. 121

Islip, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 290

Italy,
the Renascence in, iii. 189, 190;
northern, conquered by Charles VIII. of France, 206;
by Francis I., 233;
by Buonaparte, viii. 122, 123, 125

_Itinerarium Cambriæ_, i. 274

_Itinerarium Regis Ricardi_, i. 174

Ivar the Boneless, i. 104

Ivry, battle of, iv. 369

"Jack the Carter," ii. 318

"Jack the Miller," ii. 318

"Jack Trewman," ii. 318

Jackson, General, viii. 205

Jacobins, viii. 96

Jacobites, vii. 68;
their plots, 102, 103, 105;
relations with the Tories, 166-168;
rise in 1715, 183, 184;
in 1745, 228-230

Jacquerie, the, ii. 265

Jamaica conquered by the English, vi. 117

James (I.), son of Robert III. of Scotland, iii. 15;
prisoner in England, 16;
king, _ib._, 183;
murdered, 184

James IV., king of Scots, iii. 184, 185, 210

James V., king of Scots, iii. 248; iv. 23, 25, 26

James (VI.) of Scotland,
born, iv. 231;
crowned, 259;
relations with Lennox and the Guises, 346;
alliance with Elizabeth, 350;
relations with Essex and Robert Cecil, v. 63;
king of England, 122;
his early life, 122-124;
character and purpose, 124, 125;
struggle with the nobles, 128;
with the Kirk, 133, 134, 139-143;
his _Basilikon Dôron_, 143;
enters London, 146;
person and character, 146-148;
policy, 144, 149, 150;
gives relief to the Catholics, 150;
refuses Puritan demands, 152, 153;
proposes union with Scotland, 154;
takes title of King of Great Britain, 155;
his impositions, 160, 161;
struggle with the Assembly and the Kirk, 164-166;
with English law, 168;
his _True Law of Free Monarchy_, 169;
his theory of monarchy, _ib._, 170;
financial straits, 172;
struggle with Parliament, 179-182;
his own minister, 185, 186;
sets aside the council, 187;
his favourites, 188, 189;
backs the divorce of Lady Essex, 190, 191, 193;
immorality of his court, 193, 194;
summons Parliament, 195;
dissolves it, 196;
revives benevolences, 197, 198, 229;
checks the growth of London, 198, 199;
increases the peerage, 200;
relations with the judges, 201, 202;
dismisses Coke, 202;
policy towards Spain, 211, 212;
towards Germany and Bohemia, 218, 219;
revives monopolies, 222;
quarrel with Parliament, 228, 229;
tears its Protestation, 229;
overborne by Buckingham, 235;
death, 239;
letters of, iv. 4;
authorities for his reign, v. 71

James, duke of York (King James II.), vi. 182;
Lord Admiral, 193;
marries Anne Hyde, 221;
fight with Opdam off Lowestoft, 225;
conversion, 255;
fight with De Ruyter, 268;
owns himself a Catholic and resigns his office, 274;
second marriage, 278;
exempted from the act excluding Catholics from Parliament, 297;
sent to Brussels, 300;
plans for excluding him from the succession, 306;
recalled, 310;
goes to Scotland, _ib._;
again recalled, 315, 335;
king, vii. 5;
his character, _ib._, 6;
first measures, 6, 7;
increases the army, 11;
relations with France, 12;
refuses to let William visit England, _ib._;
dealings with the Catholics and the Parliament, 14, 15;
with the judges, 15;
establishes a camp at Hounslow, 16;
restores the High Commission, 18;
struggle with the Tory nobles, 19-21;
issues Declarations of Indulgence, 22, 29;
attempts to pack Parliament, 23, 29;
dealings with the Universities, 24-26;
relations with William of Orange, 26-28;
struggle with the seven bishops, 30, 31;
reinforces his army with Irish troops, 33;
sides with Lewis against the Empire and Holland, 36;
reverses his policy, 39;
flight, 42-44;
received as king by Lewis, 49;
policy in Ireland, 55;
lands at Kinsale, 56;
his rule at Dublin, 58, 59;
returns to France, 71;
his plans, 77;
death, 106;
his _Autobiography_, vi. 157, 158

James, William, ii. 340

Jamestown, foundation of, v. 308

Jarnac, battle of, iv. 267

Jarrow, i. 91, 92;
plundered by northmen, 101

Jeanne d'Arc, iii. 46-55;
_Procès de_, ii. 179

Jeffreys, George, Chief-Justice, vii. 10, 19;
Lord Chancellor, 31

Jehan le Bel, ii. 178

Jemappes, battle of, viii. 101

Jena, battle of, viii. 174

Jenkins's ear, vii. 217

Jenkinson, Charles (first earl of Liverpool), vii. 311

Jenkinson's Travels, v. 9

Jersey, Charles II. in, vi. 78

Jerusalem,
Ælfred's intercourse with, i. 113;
taken by Saladin, 257

Jervis, Admiral, viii. 127

Jesuits,
Order of, founded, iv. 31, 101;
missionaries in England, 317-320, 353;
banished, v. 156;
return, vii. 16;
in England, materials for their history, iv. 5

Jewel, John, iv. 119, v. 106

Jews in England, i. 187, ii. 125, 130, 284, 307;
expelled, ii. 131;
return, vi. 112

Joan of Arc. _See_ Jeanne

Joan, daughter of Edward II., ii. 206

Joan of Kent, wife of the Black Prince, ii. 293, 306

Jocelin of Brakelond, i. 174

Johanna, daughter of King John, ii. 54

Johanna, daughter of Edward I., ii. 123

John of Beverley, St., i. 77

John, son of Henry II., i. 258;
Lord of Ireland, ii. 374;
struggle with Longchamp, i. 260, 261;
with Hubert Walter, _ib._;
king, 268;
victory at Mirebeau, _ib._;
loses his French dominions, 269;
his character, 326-328;
prepares for war with France, 328;
Welsh rise against him, 333;
his continental alliances, _ib._, 334;
campaigns in Wales, ii. 54, 55;
struggle with the Church, i. 329-331;
relations with the baronage, 332, 338;
sentenced by the Pope to deposition, 333;
becomes the Pope's vassal, 337;
absolved, 338;
struggle with Langton, 340, 341;
goes to France, 342;
defeat and return, 343;
struggle with the barons, 344-347;
assents to Great Charter, 348, 353;
gets it annulled by the Pope, 354;
takes Rochester and marches on the north, _ib._;
struggle with Lewis of France, 355;
divides the Pale into counties, ii. 376;
charter to Oxford, i. 309;
death, 356;
his submission to the Pope repudiated by Parliament, ii. 275

John, king of Bohemia, ii. 236, 239

John, duke of Normandy, ii. 234, 235;
king of France, 258;
Normandy rises against, 259;
campaign against the Black Prince, 260, 261;
prisoner, 262, 263;
death, 281

John of Austria, Don, iv. 310-312

John of Cambridge, prior of St. Edmund's, ii. 329

John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, ii. 287, 293, 294;
position and policy, 302, 303;
corrupt administration, 303;
opposed by the Good Parliament, 305-307;
action after its dismissal, 307;
attacks Wykeham, 308;
supports Wyclif, 309;
withdraws from court, 311;
expedition to St. Malo, 315;
turns against Wyclif, 337, 341;
goes to Spain, 350;
intercedes for the Lords Appellant, 354;
patron of Chaucer, 359;
Aquitaine granted to, 369;
death, 373

John the Litster, ii. 325, 331

John of London, pupil of Roger Bacon, ii. 16

John of Northampton, mayor of London, ii. 345, 350

John the Old Saxon, i. 113

John of Salisbury, i. 173, 174, 250, 282, 283, 285

Johnson, Samuel, vii. 204, 217; viii. 11

Jonson, Ben, v. 42

Joseph II., emperor, viii. 81, 85, 86

Journalism, developement of, in the eighteenth century, vii. 298

Juana of Castille, wife of Philip of Austria, iii. 186, 208

Judges,
limitations of their powers, ii. 110, 111;
circuits of, i. 207;
organized by Henry II., 256;
regulated by the Great Charter, 350

Julius II., Pope, iii. 187, 188, 209, 274

Julius III., Pope, iv. 86

Junius, viii. 9

Junto, the, vii. 85

Jurors, two classes of, i. 238;
their functions in the Shire Court, ii. 149

Jury,
trial by, its origin, i. 238;
the Grand, _ib._;
mode of its election, 264;
petty, 239

Justice
in Old England, i. 12, 13, 49;
Henry II.'s organization of, 256;
administration of, in towns, 297;
provisions for, in Great Charter, 350, 352

Justices of the Peace, ii. 123

Justiciar, the, i. 206;
barons claim right of electing, ii. 38, 60;
made responsible to Permanent Council, 61

Jutes, the,
their early home, i. 10;
land in Thanet, 31, 32;
their victories in Kent, 33;
settlements in Wight and along Southampton Water, 85

Juxon, bishop of London and treasurer, v. 298

Ken, Thomas, bishop of Bath and Wells, vii. 4

Kenilworth,
the younger Simon de Montfort defeated at, ii. 76;
Richard of Cornwall prisoner at, 80:
its garrison refuse to surrender, 86;
surrender, 89;
Edward II. in ward at, 199;
Henry VI. at, iii. 66;
Ban of, ii. 87-89;
"Round Table" of, 95

Kent,
conquest of, i. 33;
its rise under Æthelberht, 56;
conversion, 59;
relations with Eadwine, 64;
conquered by Ine, 90;
submits to Mercia, 91, 98;
revolts against Offa, 98;
against William I., 167;
risings in, ii. 319; iii. 64;
Complaint of the Commons of, iii. 65, 66;
resists benevolences, 251;
Protestant martyrs in, iv. 96;
iron manufactures in, 279;
royalist rising in, vi. 59, 61

Kent, West, kingdom of, i. 83

Kent, Edmund, earl of, son of Edward I., ii. 206, 207

Kent, Joan of, ii. 293, 306

Kent, Thomas Holland, earl of (duke of Surrey), iii. 7, 8

Kent, the Nun of, iii. 319

Kerry, rising in, iv. 315

Ketel of St. Edmund's, i. 313

Kildare, Gerald Fitzgerald, eighth Earl of, iii. 175, 181, 182

Kildare, Gerald Fitzgerald, ninth Earl of, iii. 328

Killiecrankie, battle of, vii. 52

Killigrew, Tom, vi. 175

Kilmarnock, William Boyd, fourth Earl of, vii. 230

Kilsyth, battle of, vi. 41

King, the, i. 48;
nature and limits of his power, 49, 132;
his "comrades," 50-52;
increase of his importance through struggle with northmen, 131;
his household officers become officers of state, 132;
relations with England after loss of Normandy, 326;
his revenue, ii. 103;
relations with Parliament, 181-183;
position at opening of Wars of the Roses, iii. 85, 86;
the Convention's settlement of his position, vi. 197;
in Council, i. 256; ii. 110, 111.
_See_ Monarchy

King's Bench, court of, ii. 109

King's County, English settlement of, iv. 111

King's Court, the, i. 186;
its organization under Henry I., 206;
under Henry II., 255; ii. 110, 111;
regulated by Great Charter, i. 350;
divided into three tribunals, ii. 109

Kirk, the Scottish,
its organization, v. 131, 132;
relations with the people and the king, 132-136;
its triumph, 140;
new struggle with James, 164-166;
dealings of Charles I. and Laud with, 326, 328, 330, 331;
re-established, 335; vii. 54

Kirk o' Field, iv. 244

Knighthood,
compulsory, under Edward I., ii. 118, 164;
under Charles I., v. 277

Knights,
their complaint against the barons, ii. 62;
right of attendance at the Great Council, 145;
growth of their importance after the Barons' War, 147;
relations with the Crown, _ib._, 148;
of the shire, summoned to Parliament, 66, 71, 73, 150, 151;
result of their election in county court, 151, 152;
relations with the Lords, 202;
grouped together with the burgesses as "the Commons," 203;
petition for due election of, 300

Knolles's _History of the Turks_, v. 4

Knollys, Sir Francis, iv. 119, 215

Knox, John, iv. 113-115, 119, 128;
denounces Mary Tudor, 130;
resists Mary Stuart, 201, 212, 218;
breaks with Murray, 218;
defies Mary, 220;
calls for her death, 259;
his character and influence, v. 130, 131;
his Liturgy, 327;
his _History of the Reformation_, iv. 4

Knyghton, Henry, ii. 177, 179

Kolin, battle of, vii. 248

Kunersdorf, battle of, vii. 263

Labour-rents, i. 322, 323;
commutation of, 324;
attempts to revive, ii. 257, 266, 267

Labourdonnais besieges Madras, vii. 233

Labourers,
their position after the Black Death, ii. 255;
condition under Richard II., 314;
in fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, iii. 109-111;
under Elizabeth, iv. 275, 276

Lacy, Henry de, ii. 188

Lacy, Robert de, i. 201

Læt, the, i. 14, 15

Lafayette, Marquis de, viii. 83

Lagos, battle off, vii. 273

La Hire, iii. 49

La Hogue, battle of, vii. 78

Lake, Gerard, first viscount, viii. 130

Lambert, General,
his campaign against Hamilton, vi. 62;
pursuit of Charles II., 83;
resigns his command, 121;
relations with Monk, 150, 151;
escape and defeat, 152;
exempted from pardon, 195

Lambeth,
Harthacnut dies at, i. 148;
treaty of, ii. 3;
the archbishop's chapel at, its transformations, v. 90;
Laud's restoration of, 299, 300

Lancashire, reluctance of its boroughs to send members to Parliament,
ii. 155

Lancaster, Blanche of, ii. 287

Lancaster, Edmund, Earl of. _See_ Edmund

Lancaster, Henry, Earl of, ii. 199, 203, 206

Lancaster, Henry, first Duke of (_see_ Derby), ii. 258-260, 266

Lancaster, Henry of (King Henry IV.) _See_ Henry

Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of, ii. 188, 191, 193-195

Lancelot, legend of, i. 247

Land-tenure
in Old England, i. 14;
after Norman Conquest, 322-324;
Edward I.'s legislation concerning, ii. 124, 125

Land-tax, i. 186, 207, 350; ii. 103

"Landless man," the, i. 322, 323

_Lanercost, Chronicle of_, i. 273

Lanfranc, abbot of Bec, i. 159;
Archbishop of Canterbury, 187;
crowns William II., 191

Langdale, Sir Marmaduke, vi. 40

Langland, William, ii. 178, 179, 269-272

Langport, battle of, vi. 41

Langside, battle of, iv. 261

Langton, Simon, i. 355

Langton, Stephen, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 330;
comes to England, 338;
relations with John and the Charter, 340, 341;
suspended, 354;
goes to Rome, _ib._;
returns, ii. 3;
supports Hubert de Burgh, 5;
his care for the Charter, 6;
death, 26

Langton, Thomas, Bishop of Winchester, iii. 196

Language, English,
its literary revival in thirteenth century, i. 174;
effects of Norman Conquest on, 278;
Henry III.'s proclamation in, ii. 62;
first used in opening Parliament, 300, 356;
ordered to be used in law courts, 356; vii. 201;
supersedes French, ii. 356, 357;
changes in, in Caxton's time, iii. 159, 160;
replaces Latin in church service, iv. 49;
Welsh, ii. 50

Lansdowne, William Fitzmaurice, first marquis of (_see_ Shelburne)
viii. 115

Lansdowne Hill, battle of, vi. 6

Lathom House, siege of, vi. 19

Latimer, William Latimer, fourth Lord, ii. 304, 306

Latimer, George Neville, first Lord, iii. 114

Latimer, John Neville, third Lord, iii. 323

Latimer, Hugh, iii. 262-265;
Bishop of Worcester, 336;
imprisoned, 347;
forced to resign, _ib._;
denounces Warwick's government, iv. 57;
sent to the Tower, 74;
burnt, 92

Latimer, William, iii. 201

Latitudinarians, the, vi. 133-137, 168

Laud, William, Bishop of St. David's, v. 293;
his views and character, 245, 292-294;
Bishop of London, 266;
Archbishop of Canterbury, 295;
dealings with the Puritans, 295-297;
revives the Bishops' Courts, 298;
restores Lambeth Chapel, 299, 300;
revives ritual, 300;
dealings with Prynne, 306, 329;
relations with Wentworth, 318;
dealings with Scotland, 325-327;
arrested, 351

Lauderdale, John Maitland, second Earl and first Duke of, vi. 181,
245, 259

Lauffeld, battle of, vii. 231

Lauzun, Count of, vii. 71, 72

Law,
common, ii. 110, 113;
ecclesiastical, new code of, iv. 60;
English, Glanvill's treatise on, i. 174, 244;
of the Forest, ii. 34;
Roman, revived study of, i. 282;
in England, 283;
influence of its imperial theories, ii. 95, 96

"Lawmen" of the Five Boroughs, i. 118

Laws,
Old English, two classes of, i. 5;
first put in writing, 59;
of Æthelred, i. 138;
of David of Scotland, ii. 171;
of Eadgar, i. 144;
of Eadward the Confessor, 150, 199, 340;
of Henry I., 339;
of Howel Dda, ii. 46

Layamon, i. 174, 279

League
of Cambray, iii. 206;
the Catholic, in Germany, v. 177, 232;
the Holy, iii. 209, 210, 266;
in France, iv. 348, 355, 356;
of Neutrals, viii. 162-164;
of Schmalkald, iii. 336; iv. 36, 50;
of the Public Weal, iii. 122, 125, 126

Learning,
the New, iii. 194-198, 201, 202;
its protest against war, 210;
attitude after Wolsey's fall, 289, 291

Leicester,
one of the Five Boroughs, i. 117;
surrenders to Æthelflæd, 118;
condition under its earls, 297;
regains right of compurgation, 313-315;
stormed by Charles I., vi. 38

Leicester, Robert de Beaumont, Earl of, i. 254

Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of (_see_ Dudley), iv. 205, 349, 357;
v. 58, 63

Leighton, John, v. 305

Leinster, kingdom of, i. 251, 252

Leipzig, battle of, viii. 202

Leith
sacked by the English, iv. 29;
siege of, 175, 176

Leland, John, v. 4

Lennox, Esmé Stuart, Duke of, iv. 346; v. 123

Lennox, Matthew Stuart, Earl of, iv. 227, 244; v. 123

Lennox, Margaret, Countess of, iv. 220, 221

Leo X., Pope, iii. 249, 253, 254

Leofa, slayer of Eadmund the Magnificent, i. 123

Leofric, Earl of Mercia, i. 150, 152

Leopold II., Emperor, viii. 95, 96

Leopold V., Duke of Austria, i. 261

Lepanto, battle of, iv. 297

Leslie, Alexander, v. 335, 337.
_See_ Leven

Leslie, David, vi. 79, 80, 83, 84

"Lesser barons." _See_ Knights

Levant Company, v. 161

Leven, Alexander Leslie, first Earl of (_see_ Leslie), vi. 18

Lever, Thomas, iv. 119, 128, 132

Lewes,
battle of, ii. 70, 71;
Mise of, 71;
Protestant martyrs at, iv. 96

Lewis of Bavaria, Emperor, ii. 217-219, 221, 229, 235, 248

Lewis d'Outremer, king of France, i. 210

Lewis VII., king of France, i. 233, 254

Lewis (VIII.) of France,
the English crown offered to, i. 355;
successes in England, _ib._;
defeated, ii. 2;
withdraws, 3

Lewis IX., king of France, ii. 35, 40, 68, 90

Lewis XI., king of France, iii. 119;
relations with Edward IV., 120, 121;
with Burgundy, _ib._;
with Margaret of Anjou, 121;
negotiations with Warwick, 122, 123;
struggle with League of the Public Weal, 126, 127;
again seeks treaty with Edward, 128;
Edward's negotiations with, 129;
league against, 130;
attacks Britanny, 132;
captured and released by Charles, _ib._;
stirs Warwick against Edward, 136;
reconciles Warwick and Margaret, 137;
alliance with Henry VI., 139;
treaty with Edward, 150;
seized Picardy, Artois, etc., _ib._;
war with Maximilian, 151;
treaty with him, 170;
refuses to recognize Richard III., 169;
death, _ib._

Lewis XII., king of France (_see_ Orleans), iii. 206, 232

Lewis XIII., king of France, v. 256

Lewis XIV., king of France, vi. 188-189;
his policy, 190, 191;
alliance with Charles II., 192;
relations with England and Holland, 227;
sends his fleet to join the Dutch, 239;
attacks Flanders, 247;
his offers to Spain, 249;
treaty with her, 250;
policy towards Holland, 251;
treaties with Charles, 257, 258;
attacks Holland, 268;
position after Peace of Nimeguen, 291, 316;
persecutes the Huguenots, 317, 335;
new agreement with Charles, 323;
seizes Strassburg, Casale, and Luxemburg, 335;
relations with James II., vii. 12;
revokes the Edict of Nantes, 13;
relations with James and Holland, 36, 38;
attacks Germany, 38, 48;
receives James II. at St. Germain, 49;
war declared against, by England and Holland, _ib._;
his fleet, 68;
sends troops to Ireland, 71;
his successes, 75, 76;
turn of his fortune, 79, 80;
treaty with William, 90, 91;
seizes the Dutch Barrier, 102;
acknowledges James's son as king of England, 106;
attacks Germany again, 118, 119;
his losses, 131, 134;
offers terms, 134, 135;
death, 183, 185

Lewis XV., king of France, vii. 185, 225

Lewis XVI., king of France, viii. 28;
summons the States-General, 83;
a Constitution forced on, 86;
attempts flight, 95;
imprisoned, 101;
executed, 103

Lewis XVIII., king of France, viii. 206, 211

Lexington, skirmish at, viii. 22

Leyva, Alonzo da, iv. 363

_Liber Albus_ of London, i. 274

_Liber de Antiquis Legibus_, i. 274

_Liber Custumarum_ of London, i. 274

Lichfield, diocese of, i. 83

Liége taken by Marlborough, vii. 117

Liegnitz, battle of, vii. 302

Ligny, battle of, viii. 207

Lilburne, John, vi. 28, 75, 78

Lille reduced by Marlborough, vii. 134

_Lillibullero_, vii. 33

Lilly, William, iii. 200

Limerick, siege of, vii. 72, 73

Limitation Bill, vi. 323

Limoges
welcomes Du Guesclin, ii. 285;
stormed by the Black Prince, 286

Limousin restored to Edward III., ii. 266

Linacre, Thomas, iii. 190, 197, 256

Lincoln,
one of the Five Boroughs, i. 117;
battles of, 219; ii. 2;
relieved by John, i. 356;
Jews at, ii. 126, 127

Lincolnshire
surrendered to Ecgfrith by Wulfhere, i. 86;
rising in, iii. 323

Lindesay of the Byres, Patrick, sixth Lord, iv. 225, 228, 230

Lindisfarne, i. 69, 79, 87, 97

Lindiswaras, i. 73, 117

Linen manufacture, Irish, its foundation, v. 291

Lisbon, Drake's and Norris's expedition to, iv. 367, 368

Lisle, Alice, vii. 11, 66

Lisle, John Dudley, Lord, iv. 41, 46.
_See_ Warwick

Litany, the English, iv. 40

Literature, English,
its beginnings, i. 77, 93, 96;
decay during struggle with Danes, 113;
Ælfred's influence on, 114, 115;
after Norman Conquest, 242, 243, 246, 278;
under Henry II., 174, 244-249;
under John, 278, 279;
popular, during Peasant Revolt, ii. 318, 319;
Wyclif's influence on, 338;
revival in fourteenth century, 357, 358;
effects of the Renascence on, v. 1-3;
developement under Elizabeth, 3-11;
after the Revolution, 154;
in poetry, 156, 157;
in prose, 157-161, 292, 293;
beginning of a new developement with Dryden, 333;
Welsh, ii. 49-54.
_See_ Drama

Lithsmen of London, i. 300

Liturgy,
the English, iv. 49;
Knox's, v. 327;
the Scottish (Laud's), of 1636, _ib._;
rejected, 328.
_See_ Prayer-Book

Liverpool, its rise, vii. 196

Liverpool, Robert Banks Jenkinson, second Earl of, viii. 196.
_See_ Hawkesbury

"Livery," ii. 311, 355; iii. 105

Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, prince of North Wales, ii. 58;
alliance with Montfort, 67, 76;
raid upon Chester, 85;
defeats Mortimer at Brecknock, 88;
submits, 89;
refuses homage to Edward I., 108;
submission and marriage, 109;
last revolt and death, 119, 120

Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, prince of North Wales, ii. 5, 54-58, 108

Llywarch Hen, ii. 49, 53

Loans, forced,
under Richard II., ii. 372;
demanded by Wolsey, iii. 244;
by Charles I., 254, 255

_Loch Cé, Annals of_, i. 7

Lochleven, Mary Stuart imprisoned at, iv. 257, 258

Locke, John, vi. 170, 171, 259

Logic, study of, at Oxford, i. 288

Lollardry, ii. 339;
suppressed at Oxford, 341;
its later phases, 344-348;
influence in Bohemia, 349;
attitude under Henry IV., iii. 19, 21;
sympathy of the Commons with, 21;
rising under Oldcastle, 27;
suppression of, 27, 28;
its lingering existence, 96, 258;
legal prohibitions of, rescinded, iv. 48;
its influence in Scotland, 111

Lodi, battle of, viii. 122

London,
Middle-Saxons settle round, i. 54;
subject to the East-Saxons, 59;
to Mercia, 85;
beginnings of its commercial greatness, 138;
resists Swein, 142;
submits to him, 143;
to the Conqueror, 165;
its election of Stephen, 215;
expels Matilda, 219;
its share in religious revival, 222, 223;
Normans in, 303;
Henry I.'s charter to, 304;
relations with Oxford, 308, 309;
strife of classes in, 318-320;
meeting of barons at, 340;
joins the barons against John, 346;
its liberties secured by Great Charter, 352;
barons blockaded by John in, 355;
defies the Pope, _ib._; ii. 8;
Franciscans settle in, 12;
Archbishop Boniface driven from, 32;
supports Earl Simon, 67, 69, 70;
its charter annulled, 82;
its mayor imprisoned, 83;
occupied by Gilbert of Gloucester, 89;
supports Wyclif, 309, 310;
threatened by revolted peasants, 321, 322;
its Lollardry, 345;
welcomes Henry of Lancaster, 379;
Richard II. brought captive to, 381;
betrayed to Edward IV. by Archbishop Neville, iii. 142;
its petition to Richard III., 168;
evades Wolsey's demand for a benevolence, 251;
Protestants in, 347;
Walloons in, iv. 51;
unfavourable to Jane Grey's succession, 71;
its Protestant sympathies, _ib._, 75;
attitude in Wyatt's rising, 83-85;
Protestant martyrs in, 96, 144;
supplies sent from, to refugees abroad, 119;
its commerce under Elizabeth, 280;
Flemish settlers in, 281;
traders of, send help to the Prince of Orange, 324;
its contribution for defence against the Armada, 358;
its advance under Elizabeth, v. 77;
its increase checked, 198, 199, 277;
its welcome to Prince Charles, 233;
colonizes Derry, 289;
sides with the Parliament against Charles I., 372, 375, 376;
fortified by the Parliament, vi. 4;
train-bands of, at battle of Newbury, 14;
Independents and Baptists in, 28;
petitions against toleration, 37;
rises against the Parliament, 56;
Plague at, 226;
Fire at, 239;
supports the Exclusion Bill, 308;
riots in, 322, 323;
supports Shaftesbury, 334;
turns against him, 335, 336;
Huguenot refugees in, vii. 14;
Methodists in, 208;
supports Pitt, 256, 305;
supports Wilkes, 319; viii. 6, 8, 12;
petitions to George III., 16, 20;
supports the younger Pitt, 69;
riot in, 113;
"barons" of, i. 319;
"boatmen" of, 308;
St. Paul's Cathedral in, 223;
Dooms of, 300;
Gilds of, 299;
"lithsmen" of, 300;
merchants of, _ib._;
Merchant Adventurers of, iv. 283, 284;
materials for its municipal history, i. 274;
portreeves of, i. 303;
first theatres in, v. 22, 23;
Tower of, i. 166;
weavers of, 317, 318;
Witenagemots at, i. 152, 153

Londonderry
colonized, v. 289;
siege of, vii. 57, 58

Longchamp, William, Bishop of Ely and justiciar, i. 260, 261, 264

"Lord" and "man,"
their mutual relations, i. 133;
and villeins, i. 323-325

Lords, House of,
origin of its judicial character, i. 256;
its composition under the Houses of Lancaster and York, iii. 94, 99;
under Henry VIII., iv. 13, 14;
rejects proposals of the Commons to confiscate Church property, iii.
15, 22;
its dealings with the Duke of York's claim to the Crown, 77;
assents to bills for Church reform, 291;
its address to the Pope, 297;
increase in its numbers under the Stuarts, v. 199, 200;
relations with Crown and Commons in 1641, 360;
charges Cromwell with treason, vi. 63;
rejects the ordinance for the trial of Charles I., 66, 67;
abolished, 67, 69;
Cromwell's substitute for, 144;
the Bishops restored to, 204;
rejects the Exclusion Bill, 320;
proposal to limit its numbers, vii. 190, 191;
its dealings with Wilkes, 318;
rejects Chatham's bill for repeal of the Stamp Acts, viii. 19, 20;
refuses Catholic emancipation, 196

Lorne, Archibald Campbell, Lord, v. 326.
_See_ Argyle

Lorraine annexed by France, vii. 215

Lorraine, the Cardinal of, iv. 267

Lothian ceded to Malcolm I., i. 147

Loughborough, Alexander Wedderburn, first Lord, viii. 154

Louisburg, capture of, vii. 266

Louisiana,
French settlement in, vii. 242;
ceded to England, 307

Louviers captured by Henry V., iii. 33

Lovat, Simon Fraser, thirteenth Lord, vii. 230

Lovelace, John, third Lord, vii. 42

Lowestoft, battle of, vi. 225

Lowlands, alleged grant of, by Cnut to the Scots, ii. 132

Lucy, Geoffrey de, i. 345

Lucy, Richard de, i. 343, 344

Luddite riots, viii. 194

Ludlow, General, vi. 109;
his _Memoirs_, v. 72

Lumley, John, Lord, iv. 267, 268

Lumley, Richard, second Viscount, vii. 35, 37

Lunéville, Peace of, viii. 143

Luther, Martin, iii. 253-257

Lutherans
in England, iii. 262;
their progress on the Continent, 275;
importation of their books forbidden, 304;
Henry VIII.'s alliance with, 336;
growth in Germany, iv. 31;
refuse to send representatives to Trent, 35, 36;
reject Henry VIII.'s advances, 36;
defeated at Muhlberg, 50;
take refuge in England, 51;
again invited to Trent, 193;
position after Peace of Passau, v. 176

Lutterworth, Wyclif at, ii. 343, 344

Luttrell, Colonel, viii. 8

Luttrell's _Diary_, vi. 158

Lutzen, battle of, viii. 201

Luxemburg
seized by Lewis XIV., vi. 335;
restored to Spain, vii. 91

Luxemburg, Francis Henry de Montmorency, Duke of, vii. 75, 79, 80

Luxemburg, Jacquetta of, iii. 124

Lydgate, John, iii. 17, 40;
Caxton's edition of, 157

Lyly, John, v. 5

Lymne, its fall, i. 33

Lynn,
King John at, i. 356;
its charter annulled, ii. 79

Lyons, Richard, ii. 304, 306, 323

Lyttelton, Lord Keeper, v. 378

Lyttelton, George, first Lord, vii. 249

_Mabinogion_, i. 7; ii. 50, 51

Macclesfield, Fitton Gerard, third Earl of, vii. 37

Machyn's _Diary_, iv. 3

Mackay, General, vii. 52

Madison, James, President of the United States, viii. 198

Madras,
its origin, vii. 232;
razed by Labourdonnais, 233

Magdalen of Valois, queen of Scots, iv. 23

Magdeburg, siege of, iv. 64

Magesætas, i. 66

Magna Carta. _See_ Charter, the Great

Mahrattas, vii. 234, 235; viii. 31

Maidstone, Protestant martyrs at, iv. 96

Maine
conquered by counts of Anjou, i. 212;
by William of Normandy, 158, 213;
by Philip Augustus, 269;
ceded to France, ii. 63

"Maintenance," ii. 311; iii. 105

Mainwaring, Dr. Roger, v. 254, 267

Major-Generals, Cromwell's, vi. 107, 118, 119

Malcolm I., king of Scots, i. 123

Malcolm II., king of Scots, i. 146

Malcolm III., king of Scots, i. 170, 197

Maldon, battle of, i. 139

Malet, Robert, i. 201

Malet, William, i. 343

"Malignants," vi. 47, 83, 99, 194, 201

Malmesbury, James Harris, first Lord, viii. 121, 123

Malmesbury, William of, i. 4, 6, 173, 243, 244

Malplaquet, battle of, vii. 136

Malta
conquered by Buonaparte, viii. 132;
blockaded by a British fleet, viii. 162;
surrenders, 165

"Maltôte," ii. 166

Man, Isle of, conquered by Eadwine, i. 63

Manchester seized by Eadward the Elder, i. 119;
its rise, vii. 196

Manchester, Edward Montagu, second Earl of (_see_ Mandeville),
head of the Association of the Eastern Counties, vi. 8, 13, 18;
quarrels with Cromwell, 24, 34;
retires, 35

Mandeville, Geoffrey de, Earl of Essex, i. 343

Mandeville, Edward Montagu, Viscount, v. 354, 358.
_See_ Manchester

Manor, the, i. 322-323

Mans, Le,
seized by Geoffrey Martel, i. 212;
rebels against William Rufus, 197;
Henry II. besieged in, 258;
surrendered to Charles VII., iii. 62

Mansel, John, ii. 8

Mansfield, Count, v. 239

Mansfield, William Murray, first Earl of, vii. 259

Mansion, Colard, iii. 155

Mantes, William the Conqueror wounded at, i. 190

Manton, Thomas, vi. 252

Mantua,
siege of, viii. 123;
surrenders to Buonaparte, 125

Manufactures,
growth of, under Elizabeth, iv. 278-280;
in Yorkshire, their rise, v. 281;
English, in eighteenth century, viii. 53, 54, 59, 60;
altered conditions of, 193, 194;
of linen, in Ireland, v. 291;
of silk, at Spitalfields, vii. 14

Manumissions, sale of, to the king's serfs, i. 325

Map, Walter, i. 174, 247-249

Mar, John Erskine, sixth Earl of, vii. 145, 183

March, Edward, Earl of. _See_ Edward IV.

March, Roger Mortimer, first Earl of. _See_ Mortimer

March, Roger Mortimer, fourth Earl of, ii. 378

March, Edmund Mortimer, fifth Earl of, iii. 2, 13, 14, 28, 30

Marchers, the Lords, ii. 67, 75, 80-82, 85

Mardyke, capture of, by the French, vi. 124

Mare, Sir Peter de la, ii. 306, 307, 311

Marengo, battle of, viii. 142

Maria Theresa of Austria, vii. 199;
queen of Hungary, 220;
her struggle with Frederick the Great, 221, 223, 225, 246

Margaret of Anjou, wife of Henry VI., iii. 61;
her policy, 72, 74;
flies to Scotland, 75;
victory at St. Albans, 79;
defeated at Towton, 80;
appeals to Lewis XI., 121;
defeated at Hexham, 123;
reconciled with Warwick, 137;
lands at Weymouth, 143;
captured at Tewkesbury, 145

Margaret, wife of Malcolm III., king of Scots, i. 170

Margaret, daughter of Henry VII., wife of James IV. of Scotland, iii.
185;
her second marriage, 231;
strife with Albany, 232, 235, 247, 248;
with her husband, iv. 22

Margaret, the "Maid of Norway," ii. 135

Margaret of York,
schemes for her marriage, iii. 128-130;
marries Charles the Bold, 131;
patroness of Caxton, 155;
supports Lambert Simnel, 176;
supports Perkin Warbeck, 180

Margaret Beaufort. _See_ Beaufort

Marignano, battle of, iii. 233

Marisco. _See_ Marsh

Marlborough, Parliament at, ii. 89

Marlborough, John Churchill, Earl of (_see_ Churchill), vii. 50, 110;
campaign in Ireland, 72, 73;
plans of treason, 77;
relations with William III. and Anne, 111, 112;
Captain-General, 112;
relations with the allies, 113, 114;
his temper, 115, 116;
his military genius, 117;
campaign in 1702, _ib._;
difficulties with the Dutch, 118;
Duke, _ib._;
campaign of 1704, 119-122;
supports Occasional Conformity, 123;
relations with the Tories, _ib._, 124;
with the Whigs, 125;
troubles with the Allies, 125;
campaign of 1706, 126, 127;
difficulties at home, 131-133;
campaign of 1708, 134;
of 1709, 136;
attacked by the Tories, 138, 140;
his fall, 141;
imbecility, 182

Marlborough, Sarah Jennings, Duchess of, vii. 110, 111, 133, 136, 138

Marlowe, Christopher, v. 26, 27, 29, 31, 35

Marmont, General, viii. 199

"Marprelate, Martin," iv. 5, 342, 343

Marseilles besieged by Charles V., iii. 248, 249

Marsh, Adam, i. 274; ii. 14, 40, 41

Marshal, William, first Earl of Pembroke,
opposes John, i. 328, 329;
character and position, 345;
counsels John to accept the Charter, 347;
his fidelity to John, ii. 1;
"governor of king and kingdom," 2;
death, 3

Marshal, William, second Earl of Pembroke, i. 343; ii. 36

Marshal, Richard, third Earl of Pembroke, ii. 33, 34

Marshall, Stephen, v. 354

Marston, John, v. 42

Marston Moor, battle of, vi. 19

Martinengo, Papal nuncio, iv. 193

Martinico conquered by England, vii. 307;
restored to France, _ib._

Marvell, Andrew, vi. 329

Mary, daughter of Henry VIII.,
betrothed to the Dauphin, iii. 235;
to Charles V., 242, 250;
refuses to conform to Protestantism, iv. 58;
proclaimed queen, 71;
enters London, 74;
person and character, _ib._;
her aim, 75, 76;
schemes for her marriage, 78-80;
relations with Parliament, 81, 85;
revolt against her, 82-84;
marriage, 86;
persecutions, 91, 95, 96, 144;
disappointment, 98;
relations with Paul IV., 102, 103, 106;
refounds abbeys, 106;
war with Franco, 108;
dealings with Ireland, 109, 111;
effect of her persecutions, 118;
Protestant denunciations of, 130, 131;
death, 145

Mary, daughter of James, Duke of York, vi. 282;
plan for her marriage, 283;
married, 290;
refuses to reign alone, vii. 46;
declared queen, 47;
death, 88