Chapter III: Book VII: Physical Astronomy

PRELUDE TO NEWTON.

The Ancients. 544 Jeremiah Horrox. 545 Newton's Discovery of Gravitation. 546 {22}

THE PRINCIPIA.

Reception of the _Principia_. 548 Is Gravitation proportional to Quantity of Matter? 549

VERIFICATION AND COMPLETION OF THE NEWTONIAN THEORY.

Tables of the Moon and Planets. 550 The Discovery of Neptune. 554 The Minor Planets. 557 Anomalies in the Action of Gravitation. 560 The Earth's Density. 561 Tides. 562 Double Stars. 563

INSTRUMENTS.

Clocks. 565

{{23}} INDEX OF PROPER NAMES.

The letters _a_, _b_, indicate vol. I., vol. II., respectively.

Abdollatif, _b._ 443. Aboazen, _a._ 222. Aboul Wefa, _a._ 180. Achard, _b._ 174. Achillini, _b._ 445. Adam Marsh, _a._ 198. Adanson, _b._ 404, 405. Adelbold, _a._ 198. Adelhard Goth, _a._ 198. Adet, _b._ 279. Achilles Tatius, _a._ 127. Æpinus, _b._ 197, 203, 209. Agassiz, _b._ 429, 521, 540. Agatharchus, _b._ 53. Airy, _a._ 372, 442, 477; _b._ 67, 120. Albategnius, _a._ 177, 178. Albertus Magnus, _a._ 229, 237; _b._ 367. Albumasar, _a._ 222. Alexander Aphrodisiensis, _a._ 206. Alexander the Great, _a._ 144. Alfarabi, _a._ 209. Alfred, _a._ 198. Algazel, _a._ 194. Alhazen, _a._ 243; _b._ 54. Alis-ben-Isa, _a._ 169. Alkindi, _a._ 211, 226. Almansor, _a._ 177. Almeric, _a._ 236. Alpetragius, _a._ 179 Alphonso X., _a._ 151, 178. Amauri, _a._ 236. Ammonius Saccas, _a._ 206, 212. Ampère, _b._ 183, 243, 244, 246, 284. Anaxagoras, _a._ 78; _b._ 53. Anaximander, _a._ 130, 132, 135. Anaximenes, _a._ 56. Anderson, _a._ 342. Anna Comnena, _a._ 207. Anselm, _a._ 229. Arago, _b._ 72, 81, 100, 114, 254. Aratus, _a._ 167. Archimedes, _a._ 96, 99, 312, 316. Arduino, _b._ 514. Aristarchus, _a._ 137, 259. Aristyllus, _a._ 144. Aristophanes, _a._ 120. Aristotle, _a._ 57, 334; _b._ 24, 58, 361, 412, 417, 420, 438, 444, 455, 583. Arnold de Villâ Novâ, _a._ 228. Arriaga, _a._ 335. Artedi, _b._ 423. Artephius, _a._ 226. Aryabatta, _a._ 260. Arzachel, _a._ 178. Asclepiades, _b._ 439. Asclepigenia, _a._ 215. Aselli, _b._ 453. Avecibron, _a._ 232. Averroes, _a._ 194, 210. Avicenna, _a._ 209. Avienus, _a._ 169. Aubriet, _b._ 387. Audouin, _b._ 483. Augustine, _a._ 197, 220, 232. Autolycus, _a._ 130, 131. Auzout, _a._ 474.

Babbage, Mr. _b._ 254, 555. Bachman, _b._ 386. Bacon, Francis, _a._ 278, 383, 412; _b._ 25, 32, 165. Bacon, Roger, _b._ 55. Bailly, _a._ 199, 445. Baliani, _a._ 326, 347. Banister, _b._ 380. Barlow, _b._ 67, 223, 245, 254. {24} Bartholin, _b._ 70. Barton, _b._ 125. Bauhin, John, _b._ 381. Bauhin, Gaspard, _b._ 381. Beaumont, Elie de, _b._ 527, 532, 533, 539, 583, 588. Beccaria, _b._ 199. Beccher, _b._ 268. Bede, _a._ 198, 232. Bell, Sir Charles, _b._ 463. Bélon, _b._ 421, 476. Benedetti, _a._ 314, 321, 324, 336. Bentley, _a._ 422, 424. Berard, _b._ 154. Bergman, _b._ 266, 281, 321. Bernard of Chartres, _a._ 229. Bernoulli, Daniel, _a._ 375, 378, 379, 380, 430; _b._ 32, 37, 39. Bernoulli, James, _a._ 358. Bernoulli, James, the younger, _b._ 42. Bernoulli, John, _a._ 359, 361, 363, 366, 375, 393, 430; _b._ 32. Bernoulli, John, the younger, _b._ 32. Berthollet, _b._ 267, 278, 281. Berzelius, _b._ 284, 289, 304, 335, 347, 348. Bessel, _a._ 272. Betancourt, _b._ 173. Beudant, _b._ 348. Bichat, _b._ 463. Bidone, _a._ 350. Biela, _a._ 452. Biker, _b._ 174. Biot, _b._ 75, 76, 81, 223, 249. Black, _b._ 160, 272, 281. Blair, _b._ 67. Bloch, _b._ 425. Blondel, _a._ 342. Bock, _b._ 371. Boëthius, _a._ 197, 208. Boileau, _a._ 390. Bonaparte, _b._ 241, 296. Bonaventura, _a._ 233. Bontius, _b._ 422. Borelli, _a._ 323, 387, 393, 405, 406. Bossut, _a._ 350. Boué, Ami, _b._ 523. Bouguer, _a._ 377. Bouillet, _b._ 166. Bourdon, _b._ 461. Bournon, _b._ 326. Bouvard, _a._ 443. Boyle, _a._ 395; _b._ 80, 163, 263. Boze, _b._ 198. Bradley, _a._ 438, 441, 456, 463, 465. Brander, _b._ 508, 516. Brassavola, _b._ 368. Brewster, Sir David, _b._ 65, 75, 81, 113, 119, 123, 331, 332. Briggs, _a._ 276. Brisbane, Sir Thomas, _a._ 478. Brocchi, _b._ 519, 576, 589. Brochant de Villiers, _b._ 527, 532. Broderip, _b._ 562. Brongniart, Alexandre, _b._ 516, 530. Brongniart, Adolphe, _b._ 539. Brook, Taylor, _a._ 359, 375; _b._ 31. Brooke, Mr., _b._ 325. Brougham, Lord, _b._ 80, 112. Brown, Robert, _b._ 409, 474. Brunfels, _b._ 368. Bruno, Giordano, _a._ 272. Buat, _a._ 350. Buch, Leopold von, _b._ 523, 527, 539, 557. Buckland, Dr., _b._ 534. Budæus, _a._ 74. Buffon, _b._ 317, 460, 476. Bullfinger, _a._ 361. Bullialdus, _a._ 172, 397. Burckhardt, _a._ 442, 448. Burg, _b._ 443. Burkard, _b._ 459. Burnet, _b._ 559, 584.

Cabanis, _b._ 489. Cæsalpinus, _b._ 316, 371, 373. Calceolarius, _b._ 508. Calippus, _a._ 123, 140. Callisthenes, _a._ 144. Camerarius, Joachim, _b._ 372. Camerarius, Rudolph Jacob, _b._ 458, 459. Campanella, _a._ 224, 237. Campani, _a._ 474. Camper, _b._ 476. Canton, _b._ 197, 198, 219. Capelli, _a._ 435. Cappeller, _b._ 318. {25} Cardan, _a._ 313, 319, 330, 335. Carlini, _a._ 456. Carne, _b._ 538. Caroline, Queen, _a._ 422. Carpa, _b._ 445. Casræus, _a._ 326. Cassini, Dominic, _a._ 454, 462, 479; _b._ 33. Cassini, J., _a._ 439, 463. Castelli, _a._ 340, 342, 346, 348. Catelan, _a._ 358. Cavallieri, _a._ 430. Cavendish, _a._ 456; _b._ 204, 273, 278. Cauchy, _a._ 379; _b._ 43, 127. Caus, Solomon de, _a._ 332. Cesare Cesariano, _a._ 249. Chalid ben Abdolmalic, _a._ 169. Chatelet, Marquise du, _a._ 361. Chaussier, _b._ 463. Chladni, _b._ 40, 41. Christie, _b._ 254. Christina, _a._ 390. Chrompré, _b._ 304. Cicero, _a._ 119. Cigna, _a._ 376; _b._ 202. Clairaut, _a._ 367, 377, 410, 437, 451, 454; _b._ 67. Clarke, _a._ 361, 424. Cleomedes, _a._ 161, 167. Clusius, _b._ 378. Cobo, _b._ 379. Colombe, Ludovico delle, _a._ 346. Colombus, Realdus, _b._ 446, 450. Columna, Fabius, _b._ 381. Commandinus, _a._ 316. Comparetti, _b._ 79. Condamine, _a._ 453. Constantine of Africa, _b._ 367. Conti, Abbé de, _a._ 360. Conybeare, _b._ 519, 525. Copernicus, _a._ 257. Cosmas Indicopleustes, _a._ 196. Cotes, _a._ 366, 425. Coulomb, _b._ 204, 207, 209, 221. Crabtree, _a._ 276, 302, 304. Cramer, _b._ 35. Cronstedt, _b._ 341. **Cruickshank, _b._ 240. Cumming, Prof., _b._ 252. Cunæus, _b._ 196. Cuvier, _b._ 421, 422, 466, 478, 481, 487, 492, 516, 517, 520, 522.

D'Alembert, _a._ 361, 365, 367, 372, 374, 376, 378, 446; _b._ 33, 37. D'Alibard, _b._ 198. Dalton, Dr. John, _b_. 157, 169, 174, 285 &c., 288, &c. Daniell, _b._ 178, 554. Dante, _a._ 200. D'Arcy, _a._ 380. Davy, _b._ 291, 293, 295, 301. Daubenton, _b._ 476. Daubeny, Dr., _b._ 550. Daussy, _a._ 459. De Candolle, Prof., _b._ 408, 473. Dechen, M. von, _b._ 533. Defrance, _b._ 516, 518. Degerando, _a._ 194, 228. De la Beche, Sir H., _b._ 519. Delambre, _a._ 442, 447. De la Rive, Prof., _b._ 187. Delisle, _a._ 431. De Luc, _b._ 167, 177. Démeste, _b._ 319. Democritus, _a._ 78; _b._ 360. Derham, _b._ 165. Desaguliers, _b._ 193. Descartes, _a._ 323, 328, 338, 343, 354, 387, 423; _b._ 56, 59, 220. Des Hayes, _b._ 519. Desmarest, _b._ 512, 515. Dexippus, _a._ 208. Digges, _a._ 331. Dillenius, _b._ 402. Diogenes Laërtius, _a._ 187. Dioscorides, _b._ 364, 367. Dollond, _a._475; _b._ 67. Dominis, Antonio de, _b._ 59. Dubois, _b._ 445. Dufay, _b._ 194, &c., 201. Du Four, _b._ 79. Dufrénoy, _b._ 527, 532. Dulong, _b._ 150, 187. Duns Scotus, _a._ 233, 237. Dunthorne, _a._ 435. Dupuis, _a._ 125. Durret, _a._ 288. {26} Dutens, _a._ 82. Duvernay, _b._ 475.

Ebn Iounis, _a._ 177. Encke, _a._ 451, 467, 483. Eratosthenes, _a._ 158. Ericsen, _b._ 167. Eristratus _b._ 453. Etienne, _b._ 445. Evelyn, _a._ 422. Euclid, _a._ 100, 101, 131, 132. Eudoxus, _a._ 140, 143. Euler, _a._ 363, 367, 370, 377, 380, 437; _b._ 32, 40. Eusebius, _a._ 195. Eustachius, _b._ 445, 453. Eustratus, _a._ 207.

Fabricius, _a._ 207. Fabricius of Acquapendente, _b._ 456. Fabricius, David, _a._ 300. Fallopius, _b._ 445. Faraday, Dr., _b._ 245, 254, 291, 292, 296, 302. Fermat, _a._ 341, 353. Fitton, Dr., _b._ 524. Flacourt, _b._ 379. Flamsteed, _a._ 304, 409, 410, 419, 427, 435. Fleischer, _b._ 57. Fontaine, _a._ 372. Fontenelle, _a._ 439; _b._ 265, 509. Forbes, Prof. James, _b._ 155. Forster, Rev. Charles, _a._ 243. Fourcroy, _b._ 278, 281. Fourier, _b._ 141, 147, 152, 180. Fowler, _b._ 242. Fracastoro, _b._ 507. Francis I. (king of France), _a._ 237. Franklin, _b._ 195, 197, 202. Fraunhofer, _a._ 472, 475; _b._ 68, 98. 128. Frederic II., Emperor, _a._ 236. Fresnel, _b._ 72, 92, 96, 102, 114, 115, 179. Fries, _b._ 418. Frontinus, _a._ 250. Fuchs, _b._ 334, 369. Fuchsel, _b._ 513.

Gærtner, _b._ 404. Galen, _b._ 440, 443, 444, 445, 462, 464. Galileo, _a._ 276, 319, 322, 324, &c., 336, 342, 345. Gall, _b._ 463, 465. Galvani, _b._ 238, 240. Gambart, _a._ 451. Gascoigne, _a._ 470. Gassendi, _a._ 288, 341, 390, 392; _b._ 33. Gauss, _a._ 372, 448. Gay-Lussac, _b._ 158, 169, 179, 283, 290. Geber, _a._ 178, 224. Gellibrand, _b._ 219. Geminus, _a._ 118, 143, 166. Generelli, Cirillo, _b._ 587. Geoffroy (botanist), _b._ 459. Geoffroy (chemist), _b._ 265. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, _b._ 477, 480, 483. George Pachymerus, _a._ 207. Gerbert, _a._ 198. Germain, Mlle. Sophie, _b._ 43. Germanicus, _a._ 168. Gessner, _b._ 316, 372, 508. Ghini, _b._ 376. Gibbon, _a._ 242. Gilbert, _a._ 274, 394; _b._ 192, 217, 219, 224. Giordano Bruno, _a._ 272, 273. Girard, _a._ 350. Girtanner, _b._ 169. Giseke, _b._ 398. Glisson, _b._ 466. Gmelin, _b._ 348. Godefroy of St. Victor, _a._ 231. Goldfuss, _b._ 519. Göppert, _b._ 578. Göthe, _b._ 63, 469, 473. Gough, _b._ 171. Graham, _a._ 471; _b._ 219. Grammatici, _b._ 435. Grazia, Vincenzio di, _a._ 346. Greenough, _b._ 527. Gregory, David, _a._ 426, 435. Gregory VII., Pope, _a._ 227. Gregory IX., Pope, _a._ 237. Gren, _b._ 174. Grew, _b._ 457, 475. Grey, _b._ 194. Grignon, _b._ 319. Grimaldi, _a._ 341; _b._ 60, 79. {27} Grotthuss, _b._ 304. Guericke, Otto, _b._ 33, 193. Guettard, _b._ 510. Gulielmini, _b._ 317. Guyton de Morveau, _b._ 278, 281.

Hachette, _b._ 350. Hadley, _a._ 474. Haidinger, _b._ 330. Halicon, _a._ 150. Haller, _b._ 401, 466. Halley, _a._ 354, 355, 396, 398, 421, 426, 435, 443, 450, 454, 480; _b._ 225. Haly, _a._ 222. Hamilton, Sir W. (mathem.), _b._ 124, 130. Hampden, Dr., _a._ 228. Hansen, _a._ 372, 374. Hansteen, _b._ 219. Harding, _a._ 448. Harris, Mr. Snow, _b._ 209. Harrison, _a._ 473. Hartsoecker, _a._ 474. Harvey, _b._ 446, 449, 456. Hausmann, _b._ 329. Haüy, _b._ 320, &c., 325, 342. Hawkesbee, _b._ 193, 195. Hegel, _a._ 415. Helmont, _b._ 262. Henckel, _b._ 318. Henslow, Professor, _b._ 474. Heraclitus, _a._ 56. Herman, Paul, _b._ 379. Hermann, Contractus, _a._ 198. Hermann, James, _a._ 359, 362, 363; _b._ 386, 387. Hermolaus Barbarus, _a._ 75. Hernandez, _b._ 379. Herodotus, _a._ 57; _b._ 361, 506. Herophilus, _b._ 441. Herrenschneider, _b._ 145. Herschel, Sir John, _a._ 467; _b._ 67, 81, 254, 333, 555, 559. Herschel, Sir William, _a._ 446; _b._ 80. Hevelius, _a._ 450, 471, 480. Higgins, _b._ 287. Hill, _b._ 319, 403. Hipparchus, _a._ 144. Hippasus, _a._ 107. Hippocrates, _b._ 438. Hoff, K. E. A. von, _b._ 545, 550. Hoffmann, _b._ 527. Home, _b._ 518. Homer, _b._ 438. Hooke, _a._ 324, 353, 354, 387, 395, 396, 401, 406; _b._ 29, 41, 62, 77, 79, 85. Hopkins, Mr. W., _b._ 40, 557. Horrox, _a._ 276, 303, 395. Hoskins, _a._ 355. Howard, Mr. Luke, _b._ 179. Hudson, _b._ 403. Hugo of St. Victor, _a._ 231. Humboldt, Alexander von, _b._ 219, 523, 538, 549. Humboldt, Wilhelm von, _b._ 240. Hunter, John, _b._ 476. Hutton (fossilist), _b._ 519. Hutton (geologist), _a._ 456; _b._ 515, 584. Huyghens, _a._ 337, 343, 353, 357, 377, 387, 412; _b._ 33, 62, 70, 86, 87. Hyginus, _a._ 168.

Iamblichus, _a._ 214. Ideler, _a._ 113. Ivory, _a._ 372.

Jacob of Edessa, _a._ 209. Jameson, Professor, _b._ 338, 514. Job, _a._ 124. John of Damascus, _a._ 206. John Philoponus, _a._ 206. John of Salisbury, _a._ 232, 234. John Scot Erigena, _a._ 229. Jordanus Nemorarius, _a._ 314, 331. Joseph, _a._ 226. Julian, _a._ 215. Jung, Joachim, _b._ 384. Jussieu, Adrien de, _b._ 407. Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de, _b._ 406. Jussieu, Bernard de, _b._ 406.

Kæmpfer, _b._ 379. Kant, _b._ 490. Kazwiri, _b._ 583. Keckerman, _a._ 235. Keill, _a._ 367, 426; _b._ 264. Kelland, Mr. Philip, _b._ 127, 130. {28} Kempelen, _b._ 47. Kepler, _a._ 263, 271, 290, 353, 383, &c., 415, 462; _b._ 55, 56. Kircher, _a._ 218. Kirwan, _b._ 274, 278. Klaproth, _b._ 279. Klingenstierna, _a._ 475; _b._ 67. Knaut, Christopher, _b._ 386. Knaut, Christian, _b._ 386. König, _b._ 519. Krafft, _b._ 142, 225. Kratzenstein, _b._ 166. Kriege, _b._ 380.

Lacaille, _a._ 442, 454. Lactantius, _a._ 195. Lagrange, _a._ 367, 369, 375, 381, 444; _b._ 35, 37, 39. Lamé, _b._ 129. La Hire, _a._ 439, 463. Lalande, _a._ 440, 447. Lamarck, _b._ 408, 478, 518. Lambert, _b._ 40, 142, 221. Landen, _a._ 375. Lansberg, _a._ 288, 302, 303. Laplace, _a._ 370, &c., 444, 457; _b._ 36, 140, 147, 184. Lasus, _a._ 107. Latreille, _b._ 485. Lavoisier, _b._ 274, 275, 276, &c., 280. Laughton, _a._ 424. Launoy, _a._ 236. Laurencet, _b._ 484. Lawrence, _b._ 565. Lecchi, _a._ 350. Leeuwenhoek, _b._ 457, 460. Legendre, _b._ 223. L'Hôpital, _a._ 358. Leibnitz, _a._ 360, 391. Le Monnier, _a._ 435, 437, 463. Leonardo da Vinci, _a._ 251, 318; _b._ 507, 586. Leonicenus, _b._ 368. Le Roi, _b._ 167, 178. Leslie, _b._ 145, 151, 181. Levy, _b._ 331. Leucippus, _a._ 78, 84. Lexell, _a._ 447, 452. Lhwyd, _b._ 508. Libri, _b._ 151. Lindenau, _a._ 440. Lindley, _b._ 474, 519. Linnæus, _b._ 318, 388, 423. Linus, _b._ 61. Lister, _b._ 509, 511. Littrow, _a._ 477. Lloyd, Professor, _b._ 125, 130. Lobel, _b._ 381, 408. Locke, _a._ 422. Longomontanus, _a._ 297, 302. Louville, _a._ 431, 439. Lubbock, _a._ 372, 373, 459. Lucan, _a._ 190. Lucas, _b._ 62. Lyell, _b._ 500, 529, 545, 560, 562, 590.

Macleay, _b._ 418. Magini, _a._ 270. Mairan, _a._ 361. Malpighi, _b._ 456. Malus, _b._ 71, 74. Manilius, _a._ 168. Maraldi, _a._439; _b._ 79. Marcet, _b._ 187. Margrave, _b._ 422. Marinus (anatomist), _b._ 462. Marinus (Neoplatonist), _a._ 215. Marriotte, _a._ 343. Marsilius Ficinus, _a._ 238. Martianus Capella, _a._ 259. Martyn, T., _b._ 402. Mæstlin, _a._ 271, 287. Matthioli, _b._ 381. Maupertuis, _a._ 367, 431, 453. Mayer, Tobias, _a._ 165; _b._ 146, 206, 221. Mayo, Herbert, _b._ 464. Mayow, _b._ 277. Mazeas, _b._ 80, 199. MacCullagh, Professor, _b._ 123, 130. Meckel, _b._ 486. Melloni, _b._ 154. Menelaus, _a._ 167. Mersenne, _a._ 328, 342, 347, 390; _b._ 28. Messa, _b._ 445. Meton, _a._ 121. Meyranx, _b._ 484. Michael Scot, _a._ 226. Michell, _b._ 511. {29} Michelotti, _a._ 350. Miller, Professor, _b._ 331. Milton, _a._ 200, 275, 340. Mitscherlich, _b._ 334. Mohs, _b._ 326, 329, 345, &c., 349, 351. Mondino, _b._ 445. Monge, _b._ 274. Monnet, _b._ 510. Monnier, _b._ 197. Monteiro, _b._ 331. Montfaucon, _b._ 196. Morin, _a._ 288. Morison, _b._ 383. Moro, Lazzaro, _b._ 587. Morveau, Guyton de, _b._ 278, 281. Mosotti, _b._ 211. Munro, _b._ 476. Murchison, Sir Roderic, _b._ 530. Muschenbroek, _b._ 166.

Napier, _a._ 276, 306. Naudæus, _a._ 226. Naumann, _b._ 331, 352. Newton, _a._ 343, 349, 353, 355, 363, 399, &c., 420, 432, 463; _b._ 33, 39, 59, 70, 73, 77, 88, 142, 450. Nicephorus Blemmydes, _a._ 207. Nicholas de Cusa, _a._ 261. Nicomachus, _a._ 104. Nigidius Figulus, _a._ 219. Nobili, _b._ 154. Nollet, _b._ 196. Nordenskiöld, _b._ 350. Norman, _b._ 218. Norton, _a._ 331. Numa, _a._ 118, 261.

Odoardi, _b._ 513, 515. Oersted, Professor, _b._ 243. Œyenhausen, _b._ 533. Oken, Professor, _b._ 477. Olbers, _a._ 448. Orpheus, _a._ 214. Osiander, _a._ 268. Ott, _b._ 145. Otto Guericke, _b._ 193, 195. Ovid, _b._ 506.

Pabst von Ohain, _b._ 341. Packe, _b._ 509. Pallas, _b._ 476, 513. Papin, _b._ 173. Pappus, _a._ 188. Paracelsus, _a._ 226; _b._ 262. Pardies, _b._ 61. Pascal, _a._ 346. Paulus III., Pope, _a._ 267. Pecquet, _b._ 453. Pepys, _a._ 422. Perrier, _a._ 348. Peter of Apono, _a._ 226. Peter Bungo, _a._ 217. Peter Damien, _a._ 231. Peter the Lombard, _a._ 231. Peter de Vineis, _a._ 237. Petit, _b._ 149, 187. Petrarch, _a._ 237. Philip, Dr. Wilson, _b._ 454. Phillips, William, _b._ 325, 343, 525. Philolaus, _a._ 259. Photius, _a._ 208. Piazzi, _a._ 447, 485. Picard, _a._ 404, 464, 470; _b._ 33. Piccolomini, _a._ 336. Pictet, _b._ 168. Picus of Mirandula, _a._ 226, 238. Plana, _a._ 372. Playfair, _a._ 423. Pliny, _a._ 150, 187, 219; _b._ 316, 359, 364. Plotinus, _a._ 207, 213. Plunier, _b._ 380. Plutarch, _a._ 77, 187. Poisson, _a._ 372, 377; _b._ 40, 43, 182, 208, 222. Polemarchus, _a._ 141, 142. Poncelet, _a._ 350. Pond, _a._ 477. Pontanus, Jovianus, _b._ 458. Pontécoulant, _a._ 372. Pope, _a._ 427. Porphyry, _a._ 205, 207. Posidonius, _a._ 169. Potter, Mr. Richard, _b._ 126, 130. Powell, Prof., _b._ 128, 130, 154. Prevost, Pierre, _b._ 143. Prevost, Constant, _b._ 589. Prichard, Dr., _b._ 500, 565. {30} Priestley, _b._ 271, 273, 279. Proclus, _a._ 204, 207, 214, 217, 222. Prony, _a._ 350; _b._ 174. Proust, _b._ 267. Prout, Dr., _b._ 289, 454. Psellus, _a._ 208. Ptolemy _a._ 149, &c.; _b._ 26 Ptolemy Euergetes, _a._ 155. Purbach, _a._ 299. Pythagoras, _a._ **65, 78, 127, 217. Pytheas, _a._ 162.

Quetelet, M., _b._ 130.

Raleigh, _b._ 378. Ramsden, _a._ 471. Ramus, _a._ 237, 301. Raspe, _b._ 514, 516. Ray, _b._ 384, 422. Raymund Lully, _a._ 226. Reaumur, _b._ 509. Recchi, _b._ 379. Redi, _b._ 475. Reichenbach, _a._ 472. Reinhold, _a._ 269. Rennie, Mr. George, _a._ 350. Rheede, _b._ 379. Rheticus, _a._ 266, 269. Riccioli, _a._ 288, 341. Richman, _b._ 142, 199. Richter, _b._ 286. Riffault, _b._ 304. Riolan, _b._ 448. Rivinus, _b._ 386. Rivius, _a._ 250, 326. Robert Grostête, _a._ 198, 226. Robert of Lorraine, _a._ 198. Robert Marsh, _a._ 199. Roberval, _b._ 33. Robins, _a._ 342. Robinson, Dr., _a._ 477. Robison, _a._ 169. 173, 206. Roger Bacon, _a._ 199, 226, 244. Rohault, _a._ 391, 423. Romé de Lisle, _b._ 318, 319, 320, 324, 328. Römer, _a._ 464, 480; _b._ 33. Rondelet, _b._ 421. Roscoe, _b._ 409. Ross, Sir John, _b._ 219. Rothman, _a._ 264. Rouelle, _b._ 512, 515. Rousseau, _b._ 401. Rudberg, _b._ 127. Ruellius, _b._ 368. Rufus, _b._ 441. Rumphe, _b._ 379.

Saluces, _a._ 376. Salusbury, _a._ 276. Salviani, _b._ 421 Santbach, _a._ 325. Santorini, _b._ 462. Saron, _a._ 446. Savart, _b._ 40, 44, 245. Savile, _a._ 205. Saussure, _b._ 177, 513. Sauveur, _b._ 30, 37. Scheele, _b._ 271. Schelling, _b._ 63. Schlottheim, _b._ 514, 519. Schmidt, _b._ 557. Schomberg, Cardinal, _a._ 267. Schweigger, _b._ 251. Schwerd, _b._ 125. Scilla, _b._ 508. Scot, Michael, _b._ 367. Scrope, Mr. Poulett, _b._ 550. Sedgwick, Professor, _b._ 533, 538. Sedillot, M., _a._ 179. Seebeck, Dr., _b._ 75, 81, 252. Segner, _a._ 375. Seneca, _a._ 168, 259, 346. Sergius, _a._ 209. Servetus, _b._ 446. Sextus Empiricus, _a._ 193. S'Gravesande, _a._ 361. Sharpe, _b._ 174. Sherard, _b._ 379. Simon of Genoa, _b._ 367. Simplicius, _a._ 204, 206. Sloane, _b._ 380. Smith, Mr. Archibald, _b._ 130. Smith, Sir James Edward, _b._ 403. Smith, William, _b._ 515, 521. Snell, _b._ 56, 57. Socrates, _b._ 442. Solomon, _a._ 227**; _b._ 361. {31} Sorge, _b._ 38. Sosigenes, _a._ 118, 168. Southern, _b._ 174. Sowerby, _b._ 519. Spallanzani, _b._ 454. Spix, _b._ 477. Sprengel, _b._ 473. Stahl, _b._ 268. Stancari, _b._ 29. Steno, _b._ 317, 507, 512. Stephanus, _b._ 445. Stevinus, _a._ 317, 336, 345, 357. Stillingfleet, _b._ 403. Stobæus, _a._ 208. Stokes, Mr. C. _b._ 578. Strabo, _a._ 203; _b._ 363, 587. Strachey, _b._ 511. Stukeley, _b._ 511. Svanberg, _b._ 149. Surian, _b._ 380. Sylvester II. (Pope), _a._ 198, 227. Sylvius, _b._ 263, 445, 446. Symmer, _b._ 202. Syncellus, _a._ 117. Synesius, _a._ 166.

Tacitus, _a._ 220. Tartalea, _b._ 315, 321, 325. Tartini, _b._ 38. Taylor, Brook, _a._ 359, 375; _b._ 31. Tchong-Kang, _a._ 135, 162. Telaugé, _a._ 217. Tennemann, _a._ 228. Thales, _a._ 56, 57, 63, 130. Thebit, _a._ 226. Thenard, _b._ 283. Theodore Metochytes, _a._ 207. Theodosius, _a._ 168. Theophrastus, _a._ 205; _b._ 360, 362, 363, 370. Thomas Aquinas, _a._ 226, 232, 237. Thomson, Dr., _b._ 288, 289. Tiberius, _a._ 220. Timocharis, _a._ 144. Torricelli, _a._ 336, 340, 347, 349. Tournefort, _b._ 386, 458. Tostatus, _a._ 197. Totaril, Cardinal, _a._ 237. Tragus, _b._ 368. Trithemius, _a._ 228. Troughton, _a._ 471. Turner, _b._ 289. Tycho Brahe, _a._ 297, 302; _b._ 55, 56.

Ubaldi, _a._ 313. Ulugh Beigh, _a._ 178. Ungern-Sternberg, Count, _b._ 550. Uranus, _a._ 209. Ure, Dr., _b._ 174. Usteri, _b._ 473.

Vaillant, Sebastian, _b._ 459. Vallisneri, _b._ 508. Van Helmont, _b._ 262. Varignon, _a._ 344; _b._ 454. Varolius, _b._ 463. Varro, Michael, _a._ 314, 319, 326, 332. Vesalius, _b._ 444, 445, 462. Vicq d'Azyr, _b._ 463, 476. Vieussens, _b._ 463. Vincent, _a._ 355. Vincent of Beauvais, _b._ 367. Vinci, Leonardo da, _a._ 251, 318; _b._ 507. Virgil (bishop of Salzburg), _a._ 197. Virgil (a necromancer), _a._ 227. Vitello, _b._ 56. Vitruvius, _a._ 249, 251; _b._ 25. Viviani, _a._ 337, 340. Voet, _a._ 390. Voigt, _b._ 473. Volta, _b._ 238, 240. Voltaire, _a._ 361, 431. Voltz, _b._ 533. Von Kleist, _b._ 196.

Wallerius, _b._ 319. Wallis, _a._ 276, 341, 343, 387, 395; _b._ 37. Walmesley, _a._ 440. Warburton, _a._ 427. Ward, Seth, _a._ 276, 396. Wargentin, _a._ 441. Watson, _b._ 195, 196, 202. Weber, Ernest and William, _b._ 43. Weiss, Prof., _b._ 326, 327. Wells, _b._ 170, 177, 242. Wenzel, _b._ 286. {32} Werner, _b._ 318, 337, 341, 514, 520, 521, 528, 584. Wheatstone, _b._ 44. Wheler, _b._ 379. Whewell, _a._ 459; _b._ 330. Whiston, _a._ 424. Wilcke, _b._ 161, 198, 204. Wilkins (Bishop), _a._ 275, 332, 395. William of Hirsaugen, _a._ 198. Willis, Rev. Robert, _a._ 246; _b._ 40, 47. Willis, Thomas, _b._ 462, 463, 465. Willoughby, _b._ 422, 423. Wolf, Caspar Frederick, _b._ 472. Wolff, _a._ 361; _b._ 165. Wollaston, _b._ 68, 70, 71, 81, 288, 325. Woodward, _b._ 508, 511, 584. Wren, _a._ 276, 343, 395; _b._ 421. Wright, _a._ 435.

Xanthus, _b._ 360.

Yates, _b._ 219. Young, Thomas, _a._ 350; _b._ 43, 92, &c., 111, 112.

Zabarella, _a._ 235. Zach, _a._ 448. Ziegler, _b._ 174. Zimmerman, _b._ 557.

{{33}} INDEX OF TECHNICAL TERMS.

Aberration, _a._ 464. Absolute and relative, _a._ 69. Accelerating force, _a._ 326. Achromatism, _b._ 66. Acid, _b._ 263. Acoustics, _b._ 24. Acronycal rising and setting, _a._ 131. Action and reaction, _a._ 343. Acuation, _b._ 319. Acumination, _b._ 319. Acute harmonics, _b._ 37. Ætiology, _b._ 499. Affinity (in Chemistry), _b._ 265. " (in Natural History), _b._ 418. Agitation, Centre of, _a._ 357. Alidad, _a._ 184. Alineations, _a._ 158, 161. Alkali, _b._ 262. Almacantars, _a._ **181. Almagest, _a._ 170. Almanac, _a._ **181. Alphonsine tables, _a._ 178. Alternation (of formations), _b._ 538. Amphoteric silicides, _b._ 352. Analogy (in Natural History), _b._ 418. Analysis (chemical), _b._ 262. " (polar, of light), _b._ 80. Angle of cleavage, _b._ 322. " incidence, _b._ 53. " reflection, _b._ 53. Animal electricity, _b._ 238. Anïon, _b._ 298. Annus, _a._ 113. Anode, _b._ 298. Anomaly, _a._ 139, 141. Antarctic circle, _a._ 131. Antichthon, _a._ 82. Anticlinal line, _b._ 537. Antipodes, _a._ 196. Apogee, _a._ 146. Apotelesmatic astrology, _a._ 222. Apothecæ, _b._ 366. Appropriate ideas, _a._ 87. Arctic circle, _a._ 131. Armed magnets, _b._ 220. Armil, _a._ 163. Art and science, _a._ 239. Articulata, _b._ 478. Artificial magnets, _b._ 220. Ascendant, _a._ 222. Astrolabe, _a._ 164. Atmology, _b._ 137, 163. Atom, _a._ 78. Atomic theory, _b._ 285. Axes of symmetry (of crystals), _b._ 327. Axis (of a mountain chain), _b._ 537. Azimuth, _a._ **181. Azot, _b._ 276.

Ballistics, _a._ 365. Bases (of salts), _b._264. Basset (of strata), _b._ 512. Beats, _b._ 29.

Calippic period, _a._ 123. Caloric, _b._ 143. Canicular period, _a._ 118. Canon, _a._ 147. Capillary action, _a._ 377. Carbonic acid gas, _b._ 276 Carolinian tables, _a._ 304. Catasterisms, _a._ 158. Categories, _a._ 206. Cathïon, _b._ 298. Cathode, _b._ 298. Catïon, _b._ 298. Causes, Material, formal, efficient, final, _a._ 73. {34} Centrifugal force, _a._ 330. Cerebral system, _b._ 463. Chemical attraction, _b._ 264. Chyle, _b._ 453. Chyme, _b._ 453. Circles of the sphere, _a._ 128. Circular polarization, _b._ 82, 119. " progression (in Natural History), _b._ 418. Civil year, _a._ 117. Climate, _b._ 146. Coexistent vibrations, _a._ 376. Colures, _a._ 131. Conditions of existence (of animals), _b._ 483, 492. Conducibility, _b._ 143. Conductibility, _b._ 143. Conduction, _b._ 139. Conductivity, _b._ 143. Conductors, _b._ 194. Conical refraction, _b._ 124. Conservation of areas, _a._ 380. Consistence (in Thermotics), _b._ 160. Constellations, _a._ 124. Constituent temperature, _b._ 170. Contact-theory of the Voltaic pile, _b._ 295. Cor (of plants), _b._ 374. Cosmical rising and setting, _a._ 131. Cotidal lines, _a._ 460. Craters of elevation, _b._ 556.

Dæmon, _a._ 214. D'Alembert's principle, _a._ 365. Day, _a._ 112. Decussation of nerves, _b._ 462. Deduction, _a._ 48. Deferent, _a._ 175. Definite proportions (in Chemistry), _b._ 285. Delta, _b._ 546. Dephlogisticated air, _b._ 273. Depolarization, _b._ 80. " of heat, _b._ 155. Depolarizing axes, _b._ 81. Descriptive phrase (in Botany), _b._ 393. Dew, _b._ 177. Dichotomized, _a._ 137. Diffraction, _b._ 79. Dimorphism, _b._ 336. Dioptra, _a._ 165. Dipolarization, _b._ 80, 82. Direct motion of planets, _a._ 138. Discontinuous functions, _b._ 36. Dispensatoria, _b._ 366. Dispersion (of light), _b._ 126. Doctrine of the sphere, _a._ 130. Dogmatic school (of medicine), _b._ 439. Double refraction, _b._ 69.

Eccentric, _a._ 145. Echineis, _a._ 190. Eclipses, _a._ 135. Effective forces, _a._ 359. Elective attraction, _b._ 265. Electrical current, _b._ 242. Electricity, _b._ 192. Electrics, _b._ 194. Electrical tension, _b._ 242. Electro-dynamical, _b._ 246. Electrodes, _b._ 298. Electrolytes, _b._ 298. Electro-magnetism, _b._ 243. Elements (chemical), _b._ 309. Elliptical polarization, _b._ 122, 123. Empiric school (of medicine), _b._ 439. Empyrean, _a._ 82. Enneads, _a._ 213. Entelechy, _a._ 74. Eocene, _b._ 529. Epicycles, _a._ 140, 145 Epochs, _a._ 46. Equant, _a._ 175. Equation of time, _a._ 159. Equator, _a._ 130. Equinoctial points, _a._ 131. Escarpment, _b._ 537. Evection, _a._ 171, 172. Exchanges of heat, Theory of, _b._ 143.

Facts and ideas, _a._ 43. Faults (in strata), _b._ 537. Final causes, _b._ 442, 492. Finite intervals (hypothesis of), _b._ 126. First law of motion, _a._ 322. Fits of easy transmission, _b._ 77, 89. Fixed air, _b._ 272. Fixity of the stars, _a._ 158. {35} Formal optics, _b._ 52. Franklinism, _b._ 202. Fresnel's rhomb, _b._ 105. Fringes of shadows, _b._ 79, 125. Fuga vacui, _a._ 347. Full months, _a._ 122. Function (in Physiology), _b._ 435.

Galvanism, _b._ 239. Galvanometer, _b._ 251. Ganglionic system, _b._ 463. Ganglions, _b._ 463. Generalization, _a._ 46. Geocentric theory, _a._ 258. Gnomon, _a._ 162. Gnomonic, _a._ 137. Golden number, _a._ 123. Grave harmonics, _b._ 38. Gravitate, _a._ 406.

Habitations (of plants), _b._ 562. Hæcceity, _a._ 233. Hakemite tables, _a._ 177. Halogenes, _b._ 308. Haloide, _b._ 352. Harmonics, Acute, _b._ 37. " Grave, _b._ 38. Heat, _b._ 139. " Latent, _b._ 160. Heccædecaëteris, _a._ 121. Height of a homogeneous atmosphere, _b._ 34. Heliacal rising and setting, _a._ 131. Heliocentric theory, _a._ 258. Hemisphere of Berosus, _a._ 162. Hollow months, _a._ 122. Homoiomeria, _a._ 78. Horizon, _a._ 131. Horoscope, _a._ 222. Horror of a vacuum, _a._ 346. Houses (in Astrology), _a._ 222. Hydracids, _b._ 283. Hygrometer, _b._ 177. Hygrometry, _b._ 138. Hypostatical principles, _b._ 262.

Iatro-chemists, _b._ 263. Ideas of the Platonists, _a._ 75. Ilchanic tables, _a._ 178. Impressed forces, _a._ 359. Inclined plane, _a._ 313. Induction (electric), _b._ 197. " (logical), _a._ 43. Inductive, _a._ 42. " charts, _a._ 47. " epochs, _a._ 46. Inflammable air, _b._ 273. Influences, _a._ 219. Intercalation, _a._ 118. Interferences, _b._ 86, 93. Ionic school, _a._ 56. Isomorphism, _b._ 334. Isothermal lines, _b._ 146, 538. Italic school, _a._ 56.

Joints (in rocks), _b._ 537. Judicial astrology, _a._ 222. Julian calendar, _a._ 118.

Lacteals, _b._ 453. Latent heat, _b._ 160. Laws of motion, first, _a._ 322. " " second, _a._ 330. " " third, _a._ 334. Leap year, _a._ 118. Leyden phial, _b._ 196. Librations (of planets), _a._ 297. Libration of Jupiter's Satellites, _a._ 441. Limb of an instrument, _a._ 162. Longitudinal vibrations, _b._ 44. Lunisolar year, _a._ 120. Lymphatics, _b._ 453.

Magnetic elements, _b._ 222. " equator, _b._ 219. Magnetism, _b._ 217. Magneto-electric induction, _b._ 256. Matter and form, _a._ 73. Mean temperature, _b._ 146. Mechanical mixture of gases, _b._ 172. Mechanico-chemical sciences, _b._ 191. Meiocene, _b._ 529. Meridian line, _a._ 164. Metals, _b._ 306, 307. Meteorology, _b._ 138. Meteors, _a._ 86. Methodic school (of medicine), _b._ 439. {36} Metonic cycle, _a._ 122. Mineral alkali, _b._ 264. Mineralogical axis, _b._ 537. Minutes, _a._ 163. Miocene, _b._ 529. Mollusca, _b._ 478. Moment of inertia, _a._ 356. Momentum, _a._ 337, 338. Moon's libration, _a._ 375. Morphology, _b._ 469, 474. Movable polarization, _b._ 105. Multiple proportions (in Chemistry), _b._ 285. Music of the spheres, _a._ 82. Mysticism, _a._ 209, 211.

Nadir, _a._ **182. Nebular hypothesis, _b._ 501. Neoplatonists, _a._ 207. Neutral axes, _b._ 81. Neutralization (in Chemistry), _b._ 263. Newton's rings, _b._ 77, 124. " scale of color, _b._ 77. Nitrous air, _b._ 273. Nomenclature, _b._ 389. Nominalists, _a._ 238. Non-electrics, _b._ 194. Numbers of the Pythagoreans, _a._ 82, 216. Nutation, _a._ 465. Nycthemer, _a._ 159.

Octaëteris, _a._ 121. Octants, _a._ 180. Oolite, _b._ 529. Optics, _b._ 51, &c. Organical sciences, _b._ 435. Organic molecules, _b._ 460. Organization, _b._ 435. Oscillation, Centre of, _a._ 356. Outcrop (of strata), _b._ 512. Oxide, _b._ 282. Oxyd, _b._ 282. Oxygen, _b._ 276.

Palæontology, _b._ 519. Palætiological sciences, _b._ 499. Parallactic instrument, _a._ 165. Parallax, _a._ 159. Percussion, Centre of, _a._ 357. Perfectihabia, _a._ 75. Perigee, _a._ 146. Perijove, _a._ 446. Periodical colors, _b._ 93. Phases of the moon, _a._ 134. Philolaic tables, _a._ 304. Phlogisticated air, _b._ 273. Phlogiston, _b._ 268. Phthongometer, _b._ 47. Physical optics, _b._ 52. Piston, _a._ 346. Plagihedral faces, _b._ 82. Plane of maximum areas, _b._ 380. Pleiocene, _b._ 529. Plesiomorphous, _b._ 335. Plumb line, _a._ 164. Pneumatic trough, _b._ 273. Poikilite, _b._ 530. Polar decompositions, _b._ 293. Polarization, _b._ 72, 74. " Circular, _b._ 82, 119. " Elliptical, _b._ 122, 124. " Movable, _b._ 105. " Plane, _b._ 120. " of heat, _b._ 153. Poles (voltaic), _b._ 298. " of maximum cold, _b._ 146. Potential levers, _a._ 318. Power and act, _a._ 74. Precession of the equinoxes, _a._ 155. Predicables, _a._ 205. Predicaments, _a._ 206. Preludes of epochs, _a._ 46. Primary rocks, _b._ 513. Primitive rocks, _b._ 513. Primum calidum, _a._ 77. Principal plane (of a rhomb), _b._ 73. Principle of least action, _a._ 380. Prosthapheresis, _a._ 146. Provinces (of plants and animals), _b._ 562. Prutenic tables, _a._ 270. Pulses, _b._ 33. Pyrites, _b._ 352.

Quadrant, _a._ 164 Quadrivium, _a._ 199. Quiddity, _a._ 234. {37} Quinary division (in Natural History), _b._ 418. Quintessence, _a._ 73.

Radiata, _b._ 478. Radiation, _b._ 139. Rays, _b._ 58. Realists, _a._ 238. Refraction, _b._ 54. " of heat, _b._ 155. Remora, _a._ 190. Resinous electricity, _b._ 195. Rete mirabile, _b._ 463. Retrograde motion of planets, _a._ 139. Roman calendar, _a._ 123. Rotatory vibrations, _b._ 44. Rudolphine tables, _a._ 270, 302.

Saros, _a._ 136. Scholastic philosophy, _a._ 230. School philosophy, _a._ 50. Science, _a._ 42. Secondary rocks, _b._ 513. " mechanical sciences, _b._ 23. Second law of motion, _a._ 330. Seconds, _a._ 163. Secular inequalities, _a._ 370. Segregation, _b._ 558. Seminal contagion, _b._ 459. " proportions, _a._ 79. Sequels of epochs, _a._ 47. Silicides, _b._ 352. Silurian rocks, _b._ 530. Simples, _b._ 367. Sine, _a._ 181. Solar heat, _b._ 145. Solstitial points, _a._ 131. Solution of water in air, _b._ 166. Sothic period, _a._ 118. Spagiric art, _b._ 262. Specific heat, _b._ 159. Sphere, _a._ 130. Spontaneous generation, _b._ 457. Statical electricity, _b._ 208. Stationary periods, _a._ 48. " planets, _a._ 139. Stations (of plants), _b._ 562. Sympathetic sounds, _b._ 37. Systematic Botany, _b._ 357. Systematic Zoology, _b._ 412. Systems of crystallization, _b._ 328.

Tables, Solar, (of Ptolemy), _a._ 146. " Hakemite, _a._ 177. " Toletan, _a._ 177. " Ilchanic, _a._ 178. " Alphonsine, _a._ 178. " Prutenic, _a._ 270. " Rudolphine, _a._ 302. " Perpetual (of Lansberg), _a._ 302. " Philolaic, _a._ 304. " Carolinian, _a._ 304. Tangential vibrations, _b._ 45. Tautochronous curves, _a._ 372. Technical terms, _b._ 389. Temperament, _b._ 47. Temperature, _b._ 139. Terminology, _b._ 389. Tertiary rocks, _b._ 513. Tetractys, _a._ 77. Theory of analogues, _b._ 483. Thermomultiplier, _b._ 154. Thermotics, _b._ 137. Thick plates. Colors of, _b._ 79. Thin plates. Colors of, _b._ 77. Third law of motion, _a._ 334. Three principles (in Chemistry), _b._ 261. Toletan tables, _a._ 177. Transition rocks, _b._ 530. Transverse vibrations, _b._ 44, 93, 101. Travertin, _b._ 546. Trepidation of the fixed stars, _a._ 179. Trigonometry, _a._ 167. Trivial names, _b._ 392. Trivium, _a._ 199. Tropics, _a._ 131. Truncation (of crystals), _b._ 319. Type (in Comparative Anatomy), _b._ 476.

Uniform force, _a._ 327. Unity of Composition (in Comparative Anatomy), _b._ 483. Unity of plan (in Comparative Anatomy), _b._ 483.

Variation of the moon, _a._ 179, 303. {38} Vegetable alkali, _b._ 264. Vertebrata, _b._ 478. Vibrations, _b._ 44. Vicarious elements, _b._ 334. " solicitations, _a._ 359. Virtual velocities, _a._ 333. Vitreous electricity, _b._ 195. Volatile alkali, _b._ 264. Volta-electrometer, _b._ 299. Voltaic electricity, _b._ 239. " pile, _b._ 239. Volumes, Theory of, _b._ 290. Voluntary, violent, and natural motion, _a._ 319. Vortices, _a._ 388.

Week, _a._ 127.

Year, _a._ 112.

Zenith, _a._ 181. Zodiac, _a._ 131. Zones, _a._ 136.

{{39}} A HISTORY OF THE INDUCTIVE SCIENCES.