Chapter XVII

PUBLIC DISCUSSIONS, AND THE BURNING OF THE TALMUD.

Pope Gregory IX--Emperor Frederick II and the Jewish Scholars,
Jehuda Ibn-Matka and Jacob Anatoli--The Jewish Legislation of
Frederick of Austria--The Martyrs of Aquitaine and Gregory IX
--Louis IX of France and his Enmity to the Jews--Attacks on
the Talmud--The Apostate Nicholas-Donin--Disputation at the
French Court between Yechiel of Paris and Nicholas-Donin--Judah
of Melun--The Talmud burnt at Paris--The Church and Jewish
Physicians--Moses Ibn-Tibbon and Shem-Tob Tortosi--Papal Bull
acquitting Jews of the Blood-accusation--The Last French
Tossafists--The Jews of England--The Jewish Parliament--Alfonso
the Wise and the Jews of Spain--Meïr de Malea and his Sons--The
Jewish Astronomers Don Judah Cohen and Don Zag Ibn-Said--The
Jews of Aragon--De Penyaforte and the Apostate Pablo Christiani
--The First Censorship of the Talmud--Nachmani's Disputation
with Pablo--Influence of Nachmani--The Karaites _page_ 563

1236-1270 C. E.

CHAPTER XVIII.

THE AGE OF SOLOMON BEN ADRET AND ASHERI.

Martyrs in Germany--The Jews of Hungary and Poland--The Council
at Buda--The Jews of Spain and Portugal--Solomon ben Adret, his
character and writings--Raymund Martin's anti-Jewish Works--New
antagonism to the Maimunist Philosophy--David Maimuni--Moses
Taku--Meïr of Rothenburg--The Jews of Italy--Solomon Petit--
Rudolph of Habsburg--Emigration of Jews from the Rhine
Provinces--Sufferings of the English Jews--Expulsion of the
Jews from England and Gascony--Saad Addaula--Isaac of Accho
_page_ 610

1270-1306 C. E.

HISTORY OF THE JEWS.