Chapter XX (3)

Joslin of Rosheim. See Loans, Joseph ben Gershon.

Juan Alfonso de Albuquerque, minister of Pedro the Cruel, 115, 117.

Juan de España (Juan the Old), convert, 233.

Juan de Lucena, executes the edict of banishment, 348-349, 355.

Juan de Seville. See Abrabanel, Samuel (I).

Juan Emanuel, regent of Castile, favors Jews, 52-53.

Juan I, of Aragon, character of, 170.

Juan I, of Castile, and the Jews, 157, 158.
and the regent of Portugal, 160.
crowned, 156.
regent of Portugal, 161-162.

Juan II, of Castile, 193, 275, 277.
and the Jews, 228-229, 251, 252.
complains of the Marranos, 256.
permits a synod to be held, 229.
restrictions laid upon Jews under, 203-204.

Judah, treasurer of Ferdinand of Portugal, 159, 160, 161, 162.

Judah ben Baba, alluded to, 536.

Judah ben Moses Tibbon, opponent of Abba Mari, 32.

Judah ben Yechiel (Messer Leon), rabbi in Mantua, 289-290.
attainments and works, 289.
feud with Joseph Kolon, 295.
hostility to, 293.

Judah, Siciliano, poet, 60, 68.

"Judah's Rod of Correction," history by the Ibn-Vergas, 557-558.

Judaism and the Reformation, 471-476.

"Judaism, or the Jewish Doctrine," by John Miller, 692.

Judenmeister, three rabbis in Germany, 227.

"Judenstättigkeit" residence of Jews in Frankfort and Worms, 695-696.
abolished, 700.

Juderia, Jew quarter, 169.

Juglar, Gaspar, inquisitor, 326.

Julian, the Apostate alluded to, 267.

Julius II, pope, alluded to, 407, 408.

Julius III, pope, and the Portuguese Marranos, 528.
and the Talmud, 565.

Justiniani, Augustin, Hebrew scholar, 473-474.

Kabbala, the, 1-23, 91, 196.
and Pope Sixtus IV, 292.
and Reuchlin, 466-467, 481.
Christian dogmas in, 291-292.
compared with the Talmud, 19.
Elias del Medigo on, 292.
in the East, 617-627.
studied by Pico di Mirandola, 291-292, 443.

Kabbalistic centers, 1, 2, 399, 405, 538.

Kabbalistic customs, 5-6.

Kabbalistic terms, 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 17, 18, 22, 572, 619, 620.

Kabbalistic works, 6, 10, 196, 197.
the Zohar, 11-24.
translated, 443.

Kabbalists, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 20, 21, 74, 196, 197, 291, 335,
369, 381, 399, 405, 466, 481, 511, 538, 556, 618, 623, 625.

Kahal Kados, the Recife Jewish community, 693.

Kahiya, advocate of Turkish Jews, 404.

Kalish, Jews of, massacred, 111.

Kalonymos ben Kalonymos, satirist, 61-63, 68.

Kalonymos ben Todros, partisan of Abba-Mari, 34, 38, 39.

Kalmann, of Ratisbon, convert, 288.

Kalmann, an immigrant, urges Jews to go to Turkey, 271.

Kapsali, Elias ben Elkanah, historian, 406-407, 557.

Kapsali, Eliezer, influences Karaites to Rabbinism, 270.

Kapsali, Elkanah, aids Spanish exiles in Candia, 364.

Kapsali, Moses, chief rabbi of Turkey, 268-269, 402.
aids Spanish exiles, 364.
and Karaites, 270, 271.

Karaism and Shemarya Ikriti, 69.

Karaites, calendar, 70, 270.
converted to Rabbinism, 72.
dissensions among, 269-270.
establish pilgrim prayers, 73-74.
feud with Elias Mizrachi, 403-404.
instructed by Rabbanites, 269-271.
marriage laws, 70.

Karben, von, Victor, convert, 424-425.
appointed to examine into Hebrew books, 441, 444.

Kara, Avigedor, friend of Emperor Wenceslaus, 166.

Karo, Joseph, 580, 599, 637.
and Molcho, 511, 537.
converted to Kabbalism, 496-497, 537.
his code, 539, 612, 613.
his Maggid, 497, 537-539.
opposes Dei Rossi, 616.
ordained, 536, 537.

Kartiel, Kabbalistic term, 17.

Kaspi, Joseph, philosopher, 87, 91.

Kelifa (Kelifoth), Kabbalistic term, 17, 620.

Kepler, alluded to, 638.

Khataib, Spanish synagogue at Damascus, 400.

Kiera, Esther, Turkish court Jewess, 629-630.
patroness of Jewish learning, 608, 630.

Kimchi, David, alluded to, 476.

Kimchi, Moses, grammarian, 474.

Kimchis, the, alluded to, 442.

King, Kabbalistic term, 18.

Klausner, Abraham, compiles Jewish customs, 134.

Klonowicz, Polish poet, 643.

Kodesh ha-Kodashim, work by Ibn-Labi Ferrer, 234.

Kolon, Joseph ben Solomon, rabbi of Mantua, 294-295.

Königsberg, Jews of, burnt, 110-111.

Krems, Jews of, commit suicide, 110.

Kunigunde, influences Emperor Maximilian against the Jews, 428-429,
437, 440.

La Asumção, de, Diogo, convert to Judaism, 668-669, 670.

La Caballeria, de, Pedro, apostate, 231.

Ladislaus, of Bohemia, and the Ratisbon Jews, 303.

Ladislaus, of Hungary, and the Jews of Bohemia, 417.
and the Jews of Breslau, 262-263.

La Fuente, de, Juan, inquisitor, 484.

Lagarto, Jacob, first American Talmudical author, 693.

La Guardia, Jews of, accused of child-murder, 343.

Lämmlein, Asher, forerunner of the Messiah, 482-483.

Languedoc, Jews of, and the ban against science, 40.
protected by the governor, 132.

Lansac, de, French ambassador, 577.

Larta, Jewish exiles in, 406.

Lateran Council (Fourth) and the Reuchlin quarrel, 464.

Lates, de, Bonet, physician to popes, 407-408.
aids Reuchlin, 453-454.

Leather-arms. See Armleder.

Lecha Dodi, Sabbath song, 538.

Lemberg, meeting-place of Talmudists, 640.

Leo X, pope, 407, 408, 592.
and Reuchlin, 452-453, 465.
encourages the printing of the Talmud, 468, 565.

Leo of Crema, alluded to, 287.

Leo Medigo. See Abrabanel, Judah Leon.

Leo the Hebrew. See Levi ben Gerson.

Leon de Bagnols. See Levi ben Gerson.

Leon, Jacob Jehuda, controversial author, 691.

Leon, Jews of, baptized, 205.

Leon, (Messer). See Judah ben Yechiel.

Leonora d'Este, and Jews, 660.

Leonora de Guzman, mistress of Alfonso XI, saves the Jews, 85, 113.

Leonora, of Portugal, regent, plots against Juan I of Castile, 161.
removes Jews from office, 160.

Lenoora, of Tuscany, and Benvenida Abrabanela, 410, 544.

Lepers accuse Jews, 57.

Lerida, Jews of, converted, 214.
massacred, 172.

Lerida opposes the Inquisition, 332.

"Letter of Aristas" translated by Deï Rossi, 615.

"Letter of Warning," by Solomon Alami, 154.

"Letters of Obscurantists," a satire, 461-462.

Levi, Abraham, Kabbalist, 481.

Levi, Astruc, delegate at the Tortosa disputation, 208, 214, 215.

Levi ben Abraham ben Chayim, chief of the allegorists, 24-25, 91.
takes refuge with Sulami, 28-29.

Levi ben Gerson (Gersonides, Leo the Hebrew, Leon de Bagnols),
philosopher, 87, 91-94, 146, 147, 197, 342, 442, 476.
and Pope Clement VI, 94, 103.
astronomer, and physician, 91-92.
author of a methodology of the Mishna, 92.
predicts the Messianic redemption, 120.

Levi ben Shem Tob, convert, 375.

Levi of Villefranche. See Levi ben Abraham ben Chayim.

Levi, Solomon, (Paul Burgensis, Paul de Santa Maria), convert,
182-190, 231, 256, 342.
favored by Pope Benedict XIII, 184, 190.
lays restrictions upon the Jews of Castile, 203-204.
revives anti-Jewish laws, 194-195.
work by, 233.

Levita, Elias. See Elias Levita.

"Light of the Eyes," work by Deï Rossi, 615, 616.

Lima, de, David, builds the third Hamburg synagogue, 691.

Limpo, Balthasar, bishop, and Pope Paul III, 525-526.

Lindau, Jews of, charged with the blood-accusation, 227.
persecuted, 105.

Lipmann of Mühlhausen (Tab-Yomi), scholar, 178.

Lippold, physician, tortured, 652.

Lisbon, port for exiles, 374, 376.
council of, hostile to the Jews, 160.
Inquisition at, 508.
Marranos massacred in, 487.

Lithuania, Jews of, enjoy peace, 418, 420.
the Reformation in, 646-648.

"Little Book about the Jews," pamphlet, 545-546, 547.

Liturgy Kabbalistic, 481.

Loans, Jacob ben Yechiel, physician to Frederick III, 413-414.
teacher of Reuchlin, 433.

Loans, Joseph ben Gershon, and Molcho, 510.
representative of Jews, 414.

Lodi, Jews of, expelled, 660.

Logroño, Jews of, persecuted, 170.

Longo, Saadio, Hebrew poet, 609.

Lopes de Almeida, Portuguese ambassador to Rome, 340.

Lopez, Pedro, poet and chronicler, quoted, 121, 122.

Lorqui, Joseph. See Geronimo de Santa Fé.

Lost Islands, Jewish children at the, 371.
Louis, duke of Bavaria, and the Jews of Ratisbon, 301-302, 303.

Louis, duke of Landshut (the Rich), persecutes Jews, 253-254.

Louis, emperor (the Bavarian), and the Jews, 96, 98.
sons of, favor the persecution of the Jews, 110.

Louis, of Brandenburg, orders the persecution of Jews, 110-111.

Louis, of Darmstadt, protects Jews, 699.

Louis X, of France, recalls the Jews, 53, 54.

Louis XII, of France, and Reuchlin, 459.

Louis, of Hungary, and the Jews, 111.

Louis, regent of France, extends the privileges of Jews, 150.

Loyola, Ignatius, 525, 562.

Lublin, meeting-place of Talmudists, 640.
of the Polish synods, 644.

Lublin, third Jewish community in Poland, 632.

Lucero, Diego Rodriguez, hangman in Cordova, 484, 489.

Luna, de, Alvaro, minister of Juan II, of Castile, 228, 251, 256.

Luna, de, Pedro. See Benedict XIII.

Lünel, Jews of, accused of desecrating Christian symbols, 55.
expelled, 48.
side with Abba-Mari, 33.

Lusitano, Abraham Zacuto, physician, 678.

Lusitanus, Amatus (João Rodrigo de Castel-Branco), physician of Pope
Julius III, 569-570.
death, 610.
leaves Pesaro, 581.

Luther, Martin, reformer, 467.
advises confiscation of Hebrew books, 550.
and the Jews, 547-552.
at Worms, 469.
maligns the Talmud, 549-550.
quoted, 470.

Lutherans and the Spanish Inquisition, 485.

Lurya, Isaac, Kabbalist, 618, 623-627.
and Chayim Vital Calabrese, 623-624.
effect of his teaching, 625-627.
his Messianic claims, 622, 624.
his system, 617-622.

Lurya, Solomon, Talmudist, 634-637.
criticism of Jewish society, 635-636.

Luzk, Karaites of, well treated by Casimir IV, 265.

Lyra, de, Nicholas, 232, 342, 442.
admires Rashi, 185.
refuted, 237.

Maamad, rabbinical councils at Amsterdam, 684.

"Maasé Efod," Hebrew grammar by Profiat Duran, 191.

Maccabees, the, and the biblical prophecies, 149.

Machault, Denys, convert, 175.

Madrid, cortes of, and usurers, 80.

Maella, Jews of, converted, 214.

Magdeburg, Jews of, banished, 416.
persecuted, 111.

Maggid, dream-prompter, 496, 537-538.

Maharil. See Jacob ben Moses Mölin Halevi.

Mahomet II, sultan, and the Jews, 267-269.

Mahomet IV, sultan, alluded to, 629.

Maillotins, rising of the, 152.

Maimi, Simon, martyr, 380-381.

Maimonides. See Maimuni, Moses.

Maimuni, Abraham II, and the Karaites, 72.

Maimuni, David, Nagid, 72.

Maimuni, Moses, 67, 93, 94, 146, 147, 192, 197, 239, 243, 290.
articles of faith by, 193, 240.
attacked by Aaron II, 95.
code of, 86, 88, 89.
defended, 41, 42, 43, 44, 392.
on Ordination, 530-531.
rationalizes the Scriptures, 23.
studied by Polish Jews, 633.

Maimuni's works and the Roman Jews, 60.
commented, 191.
neglected, 143.
proscribed, 40.

Maiora, martyr, 570.

Majorca, French exiles settle on, 49, 50.
Inquisition on, 332.

Majorca, Jews of, persecuted, 171, 246-247.
seek refuge in Africa, 197.

Mallo, inquisitor, 521.

Malmed, Jacob Anatoli's sermons, 32, 39, 40.

Malta, Order of, hostile to Jews, 592, 656.
Mamson, tortured on the charge of poisoning, 104.

Manasseh ben Israel, rabbi at Amsterdam, 682-684.

Manessier de Vesoul, receiver general, 130, 132.
and the Jews of France, 129, 131-132.
sons of, 150, 151, 152.

Manoel, the Great, of Portugal, and the Marranos, 485, 486, 488.
converts Jews by force, 375-377.
friendly to Jews, 372-374.
issues an amnesty, 379.

Manrique, Inigo, inquisition judge of appeals, 320.

Mansfield, general, alluded to, 701.

Mantin, Jacob, physician and philosopher, 411, 515.
denounces Molcho, 506-507.
instructs Christians, 473.

"Mappa," by Moses Isserles, 637.

"Mar Mar Jesu," anti-Christian work, 215.

Marcellus II, pope, alluded to, 566.

Margaritha, Anton, convert, maligns Jews, 551.

Maria de Medici, alluded to, 673.

Maria de Molina, regent of Castile, 2, 52, 53.

Maria de Padilla, wife of Pedro the Cruel, 116, 117, 122-123.

Maria of the Netherlands, alluded to, 572.

Maroli, Menachem, Karaite, 269.

Marranos, (new-Christians, Anusim) forced converts, 179-181.
and David Reubeni, 494-495.
and Jews, 334-335.
and the Inquisition, 310-313.
attacked in Castile, 280-283.
catechism of, 311.
conspire against Arbues, 329-331.
excluded from church offices, 321, 582.
flee to Navarre, 357-358.
help the Spanish exiles, 354-355.
injure Judaism, 181.
of Ancona, 408, 500.
of Ferrara, 581.
of Pesaro, 578-582.
petition Alexander VI, 378-380.
protected by João I, 218.
signs of, 315-316.
sufferings of, 483-490.
troublesome to the church, 255-257.
under Henry IV, of Castile, 276.
victims of the Inquisition, 314, 316-318, 323-325, 350, 351.

Marranos, Portuguese, and Clement VII, 509.
and Paul III, 516-517, 519-520.
and Paul IV, 568.
as physicians, 488.
burnt, 499.
culture of, 674.
emigrate, 485-486.
forbidden to emigrate, 508-509.
imprisoned, 670-671.
in Hamburg, 686-693.
in the Netherlands, 662-675.
informed against, 489-490.
keep an agent at Rome, 512-513.
massacred in Lisbon, 487.
persecuted, 521-522.
refused by Frankfort, 695.
settle in Italy, 568-571.
sufferings of, 528.
under restrictions, 368.
useful citizens, 527-528.

Marseilles, Jews of, protected, 177.

Martin V, pope, 229, 249, 253.
and the Jews, 219-220, 226-227.

Martinez (Martin), Fernan, and Joseph Pichon, 156-157, 193, 335.

Martinez, Gonzalo, favorite of Alfonso XI, 83-86.

Mascarenhas, John Rodrigo, Marrano tax farmer, 486.

Masserano, Bezalel, pleads for the Talmud, 658.

Matathiah ben Joseph Provenci, chief rabbi, 133, 152.

Matronita, Kabbalistic term, 18, 19.

Matthias, emperor, abolishes Judenstättigkeit, 700.

Maurice, of Orange, favorable to Jews, 674, 678.

Maximilian I, emperor, and Jews, 414-415, 423-429.
and the German Jews, 463-464.
and the Nuremberg Jews, 415-416.
and the Pfefferkorn-Reuchlin case, 429, 437, 441, 458-459.

Maximilian II, emperor, 587.
and the Polish election, 603.

Mayence, decisions of, 135.
exiles from, 294, 295.

Mayence, Jews of, banished, 413.
massacred, 109.

Medeïros, Francisco (Isaac) Mendes, Marrano, 667, 671.

Medici, family of, alluded to, 289, 291.

Medicine, study of, allowed, 40.

Medigo, Leon. See Abrabanel, Judah Leon.

Medina del Campo, cortes of, and the Inquisition, 310, 313.
Jews of, burnt, 278.

Medina-Sidonia, Marranos take refuge in, 313.

Medina-Sidonia, duke of, and Marranos, 282, 283.

Megadef, sobriquet of Geronimo de Santa Fé, 217.

Meïl Zedek. See Menachem of Merseburg.

Meïr ben Baruch Halevi, rabbi, and the French Jews, 152-153.
compiles Jewish customs, 134.

Meïr ben Gabbai, Kabbalist, 481.

Meïr of Rothenburg, 34, 37, 74.

Meïr, son-in-law of Abraham Benveniste, 351.

Meïri, rabbi of Perpignan, 26-27.

Meïron, Simon bar Yochaï buried in, 623.

Meles, Moses Iskafat, partisan of Ben Adret, 44.

Meliza, poetical prose, 65.

Menachem ben Aaron ben Zerach, rabbi of Toledo, 77, 144-145.

Menachem of Merseburg, Talmudist, 227-228.

Mendes, Diogo, banker at Antwerp, 572, 573.

Mendes, Francisco, husband of Gracia Mendesia, 571, 572.

Mendes, Manuel, Marrano, 516.

Mendes, Portuguese family in Holland, 667.

Mendesia, Gracia (Beatrice), Marrano philanthropist, 571, 578.
at Antwerp, 572-573.
at Constantinople, 577.
at Ferrara, 575-577.
at Venice, 574-575.
eulogized by Samuel Usque, 575-576.
protects the Ancona Marranos, 578, 579-580.

Mendeza, archbishop, prepares a catechism for Marranos, 311.

Menz, Abraham, head of the Padua college, 410.

Menz, Judah, Talmudist, 294, 406, 410.
and Elias del Medigo, 295.

Menz, Moses, Talmudist, in Posen, 294.

Merlo, de, Diego, member of the Inquisition commission, 312.

Messianic pretenders, 7, 197, 482-483.

Messianic prophets, 8-10.

Messianic speculations, 7, 8-10, 18-19, 120, 141, 471, 482-483,
494-495, 497, 530, 534, 622, 624, 625.

Meshullam ben Jacob, patron of learning, 30.

Meshullam, of Rome, 346-347.

Meyer, of Breslau, accused of host-desecration, 261.

Meyer, Peter, partisan of Pfefferkorn, 449.

Michael, of Frankfort, and Luther, 551.

Michael, the Old, Karaite, 269.

Middelburg refuses Portuguese Marranos, 663.

Midrash of Simon bar Yochaï, the Zohar, 19.

Milan, Jews of, expelled, 660.

Milchamoth Adonaï, work by Gersonides, 92, 93.

Miliana, Jews settle in, 197.

Miller, John, and the Hamburg Jews, 691-692.
quoted, 690.

Minim imprecated in Jewish prayers, 83.

Minyan Yavanim, Seleucidan chronology, 394-395.

Miques, João. See Nassi, Joseph.

"Mirror for Admonition," work by Ortuinus Gratius, 425.

"Mirror of Morals," work by Solomon Alami, 154.

Mistress, Kabbalistic term, 19.

Mizrachi, Elias, chief rabbi of Constantinople, 402-404.

Mocenigo, Luis, doge, hostile to Jews, 600-601, 606.

Mocenigo, Pietro, doge, protects the Jews of Padua, 299.

Mocho, John, arouses Lisbon against the Marranos, 487.

Modena, duke of, invites Jews, 675.

Molcho, Solomon (Diogo Pires), Marrano, 529-530, 622.
and David Reubeni, 495-496, 504.
burnt, 510-511.
denounced, 503, 506-507.
in Italy, 501-507.
predicts the Messiah, 497.
saved by Clement VII, 507.

Mölin, Jacob. See Jacob ben Moses Mölin Halevi.

Moncado de, Abraham, official at Recife, 693.

Moncilla, Jews of, persecuted, 78.

Montpellier, Jews of, and free inquiry, 29-30, 31, 38-39, 41, 50.
compelled to wear a badge, 54.
expelled, 48.

Montano, Arias, publisher of a polyglot Bible, 651.

Montalto, Elias (Felix), physician, 653, 670, 673.

Montemar, marquis of, friend of Isaac Abrabanel, 338.

Montiel, battle at, 126, 136.

Moravia, Jews of, persecuted, 98.

Mordecai ben Hillel, martyr, 36.

Morenu, ordination of rabbis, 134.

Morillo, Miguel, inquisitor, 312, 323.
censured, 318-319.
issues the Edict of Grace, 314-315.

Moro, Joseph (Philip), denounces the Talmud, 564.
proselytizer, 581.

Morocco, war with Castile, 84-85.
Jews in, 389-390.
Marranos emigrate to, 179.

Morteira, Saul Levi, rabbi at Amsterdam, 673, 681, 682, 685.

Moses ben Isaac (Gajo) da Rieti, neo-Hebraic poet, 230-231.

Moses ben Joshua Narboni. See Narboni.

Moses ben Nachman. See Nachmani.

Moses ben Shem Tob (Moses de Leon), Kabbalist, 3, 622.
author of the Zohar, 10-12.
forgery of, revealed, 20-21.

Moses, of Trent, tortured, 298.

Moses, rabbi of Trent, 298.

Moses, treasurer under Maria de Molina, 52.

Mostarabi, Egyptian Jews, 395.

Mucate, Jacob, official at Recife, 693.

Muley Abu-Abdallah (Boabdil), last king of Granada, 345.

Munich, Jews of, persecuted, 110.

Münster, Sebastian, disciple of Reuchlin, 434, 472.

Murad III, sultan, and Joseph Nassi, 627-628, 629.

Murviedro, Jews of, protected, 170.

Musaphia, Benjamin, physician to Christian IV, 692.

Mutafarrica, life-guard, 595.

Nachmani (Moses ben Nachman), 28, 71, 75, 208, 238, 242.
predicts the Messianic redemption, 120.
reputed discoverer of the Zohar, 20.

Nagid, chief of Egyptian Jews, 392.

Najara, Israel, Hebrew poet, 609.

Naples, Jewish printing house in, 289.
Jews of, banished, 543-544.
Jews settle in, 358-359.

Narboni, Moses ben Joshua (Maestro Vidal), philosopher, 87, 93-95,
342.

Nassi, Gracia. See Mendesia, Gracia.

Nassi, Gracia, the younger, 572, 577.

Nassi, Joseph (João Miques), duke of Naxos, 596-597, 611.
accused of treason, 598, 599.
aids Gracia Mendesia, 574.
as a statesman, 595-602.
at Antwerp, 572-573.
end of his power, 627.
favorite of sultans, 577, 593-595.
in Turkey. See Chapter XVII.
protects Marranos, 579-580.
receives Tiberias, 596-597, 611.

Nassi, Reyna, daughter of Gracia Mendesia, 572-573, 577.
patroness of Jewish learning, 628.

Nassi, Samuel, brother of Joseph, 577, 581.

Nassir Mahomet, Jews under, 73.

Nathan, Isaac. See Isaac ben Kalonymos.

Navarre, Jews of, persecuted, 77-78.
Jews settle in, 352.
Spanish exiles in, 357-358.

Navarro, Moses, rabbi of Portugal, 173.

Naxos, duke of. See Nassi, Joseph.

Nazarenes (Minim) imprecated in Jewish prayers, 83.

Negro, David, Almoxarif, 160, 162.
rabbi of Castile, 161.

Negroponte, Spanish exiles in, 406.

Neo-Hebrew poetry, 67, 608, 609.
in Spain and Italy, 230-231.

Netherlands, the, a refuge for the persecuted, 661-662.
Inquisition in, 662.
Portuguese Marranos in, 662, 675.
stadtholders of, favorable to Jews, 678.
See also Holland, and Amsterdam.

Neto, Bras, Portuguese ambassador at Rome, 500-501, 505-506.

"Neve Shalom", second synagogue at Amsterdam, 671.

New-Christians. See Marranos.

Nicholas V, pope, 275, 287.
appoints inquisitors, 256.
approves of Capistrano, 257-258.
denounced, 267-268.
issues anti-Jewish bulls, 253, 254.

Nicholas-Donin, alluded to, 213.

Nicopolis, exiles settle in, 405.

Niemerz, son of Casimir the Great, 112.

Nissim Gerundi ben Reuben, 144, 146, 149.
imprisoned, 150, 155.
preaches against Messianic speculations, 120.

Nizuz, Kabbalistic term, 620.

Nófeth Zufim, work by Messer Leon, 289.

Nördlingen, Jews of, banished, 416.
murdered, 163.

Notaricon, Kabbalistic term, 5, 512.

Novak, Peter, bishop, and Capistrano, 260.

Novi, Jews settle in, 553-554.

Numeo, a character in Samuel Usque's "Consolation," 558.

Nuñes, Duarte, da Costa, Portuguese agent at Hamburg, 692.

Nunes, Henrique (Firme-Fé) informs against Marranos, 489-491.

Nuñes, Maria, Marrano captured by the English, 664-665.

Nuñez, Alvar, officer of Alfonso XI, 79.

Nuremberg, diet at, promulgates the "Golden Bull," 128.

Nuremberg, Jews of, expelled, 415-416.
persecuted, 35-36, 110.

Nuremberg, synod at, 305.

Obadiah di Bertinoro, rabbi at Jerusalem, 279, 397-398, 399, 704.

Ocaña, cortes of, discuss the Jewish question, 279.
Jews of, persecuted, 170.

"Of the Cross," bull, 526.

Ojeda, de, Alfonso, and the Spanish Inquisition, 310, 312, 317.

Olam ha-Tikkun, Kabbalistic term, 619.

Old Testament. See Bible, the.

Olesnicki, Zbigniev, cardinal, and the Jews, 265, 266.

Olligoyen, Pedro, instigates a persecution of the Jews, 77, 78.

Olmütz, Jews of, banished, 263.

"On the Errors of the Trinity," work by Servetus, 646-647.

Oporto, a port for Jewish exiles, 374.

Oppenheim, Jews of, commit suicide, 109.

Orabuena, Joseph, rabbi and physician in Navarre, 184.

Oran, Jews settle in, 197.
Spanish exiles flee to, 361.

Ordenaçoens, Portuguese code, 338-339.

Ordination revived, 530-535.

Orleans, college of, dispersed, 48.

Osorio, David, founder of the third synagogue in Amsterdam, 680.

Osorius, bishop, quoted, 372.

Otto Henry, of Neuburg, protects the Jews, 545.

Ottolenghi, Joseph, Talmudist, 582.

Ouderkerk, burial place of the Amsterdam Jews, 672, 673.

Ouvidores, provincial rabbis or judges in Portugal, 159.

Pablo Christiani, alluded to, 208, 246.

Pacheco, marquis of Villana, and the Marranos of Segovia, 283.
arranges an anti-Jewish code, 278.

Padua, Jews of, 299, 408.
quarrel at the University of, 291.
Talmudic center, 410.

Palermo, Jews of, and Abraham Abulafia, 7.

Palestine, conquered, 393.
culture in, 75.
emigration to, 74, 273, 274.
French exiles settle in, 49, 72.
Karaites of, converted to Rabbinism, 72.
Spanish exiles settle in, 396-399.
under Egyptian rule, 73.
See also Jerusalem.

Pallache, Samuel, consul in the Netherlands, 663.

Palma, Jews of, accused, 246-247.
persecuted, 171.

Palma, Marranos take refuge in, 282, 283.
See also Majorca.

Paloma, Jewish martyr, 362.

Pamier, Jews of, protected, 176.

Pampeluna, Jews of, escape persecution, 78.
religious discussion at, 142.

Pantomime on the Reuchlin quarrel, 468-469.

Papal States, Jews of, expelled, 591-592, 659.
under restrictions, 566-567.

Parchi, Estori, describes the sufferings of the French Jews, 48-49,
72.

Pardes, work by Bedaresi, 43.
Pardo, David, rabbi at Amsterdam, 680, 682, 685.

Pardo, Joseph, rabbi at Amsterdam, 671, 680.

Pardo, Josiah, rabbi at Rotterdam, 685.

Paris, college of, dispersed, 48.
re-established, 133.

Paris, Jews of, persecuted, 51-152.
University of, against Reuchlin, 459-460.

Parsophin, Kabbalistic term, 619.

Paruta, religious reformer, 647.

Passau, Jews of, executed, 306.

Pascate, Jacob, messenger bearing the Black Death poison, 102.

Pastoureaux, Shepherds, massacre the Jews, 55-57.

Patras, Spanish exiles in, 406.

Paul III Farnese, pope, 592.
and the Portuguese Inquisition, 516, 518, 519, 521-522, 526-527.
protects Portuguese Marranos, 516-517, 520, 527.
well-disposed to Jews, 515.

Paul IV Caraffa, pope, and Marranos, 568, 582.
and the Jews, 566, 567, 581-582.
and the Talmud, 582-583.
ban against, 580.
death, 586, 587-588.
employs converts, 581, 584.
establishes the Inquisition at Rome, 525.
re-establishes church discipline, 562.
re-introduces censorship of press, 563.
sets free Turkish Jews, 577-578.

Paul Burgensis. See Levi, Solomon.

Paul de Santa Maria. See Levi, Solomon.

Pauw, Reinier, burgomaster of Amsterdam, 674.

Pavia, tolerance in, 288.
Jews of, expelled, 660.

Paz, de, Duarte, advocate of Portuguese Marranos at Rome, 512-513,
515, 519.

Peasant War, the, and the Jews, 542-543.

Pedro IV, of Aragon, imprisons Jews, 150.
petitioned by the Jews, 112-113.
revolt against, 102.

Pedro, the Cruel, of Castile, 113-126, 173.
and Blanche de Bourbon, 116, 122.
and Samuel Abulafia, 116, 118-121.
civil wars under, 118-119, 123-126.
counseled by Santob de Carrion, 115.
employs Jews, 115-116.
favors the Jews, 113-114, 116, 121-122.
supported by Jews, 123, 124, 125.

Pedro de Toledo, viceroy of Naples, 409-410.

Pelka, son of Casimir the Great, 112.

Penini, pseudonym of Yedaya En-Bonet Bedaresi, 42.

Pentateuch translated into Persian, 401. See also Bible, the.

Pernambuco, Jews settle in, 693.

Perpignan, center of enlightenment, 25, 33-34.

Pesaro, Marranos in, 501, 569-570, 578-582.

Pessach (Peter), convert, accuses the Jews, 177-178.

Pestilence, the, in Fez, 361.
in Naples, 359-360.
in Portugal, 368, 487.

Peter Martyr, quoted, 484.

Petit, Guillaume Haquinet, opponent of the Jews, 459.
patron of Hebrew studies, 473.

Peyret, supposed manufacturer of the Black Death poison, 102.

Pfefferkorn, Joseph, convert, 423-424, 425-432, 435-442.
at Frankfort, 428-430.
pamphlets by, 425, 427, 439.
preaches, 449.
visits Emperor Maximilian, 428.
See Chapter XIV.

Philip IV, le Bel, of France, 2, 44, 47, 50, 77, 176.
decrees the expulsion of the Jews, 46-49.

Philip V, of France, and the Jews, 54, 57, 58.
inspires a crusade, 55.

Philip VI, of France, alluded to, 77.

Philip III, of Navarre, and the Jews, 78.

Philip II, of Spain, 566, 651, 661, 663, 667, 668.
and the Turkish Jews, 607.
introduces the Inquisition into the Netherlands, 601.

Philip III, of Spain, and the Marranos, 670-671.

Philip IV, of Spain, creates a Jewish count palatine, 692.

Philo, alluded to, 614.

Phineas, rabbi of Breslau, 262.

Phylacteries, Kabbalistic use of, 5.

Picho, Solomon, rabbi, 278.

Pichon, Joseph, Almoxarif, 138, 156, 157.

Pico di Mirandola, 433, 583.
and the Kabbala, 291-292, 443.
taught by Del Medigo, 290-291.

Piedmont, French exiles in, 177.

Pieva di Sacco, Jewish printing house in, 289.

Pilgrims, Karaite prayers for, 73-74.

Pilpul, a method of Talmud study, 418.

Pimentel, Manuel (Isaac Abenacar), Marrano in Holland, 672.

Pina, de, Paul (Rohel Jesurun), 669-670.

Pinczovinians, anti-Trinitarians, 647.

Pinel, de, Duarte. See Usque, Abraham.

Pinheiro, Diogo, bishop, protects Marranos, 500.

Pinto, Abraham and David, found the Rotterdam community, 685.

Pinto, Diogo Rodrigues, Marrano advocate at Rome, 515, 516.

Pires, Diogo. See Molcho, Solomon.

Pirkheimer, Willibald, humanist, 416.

Pisa, council of, deposes Benedict XIII, 206-207.
commerce of, 285.

Pius IV, pope, and the Bohemian Jews, 586-587.
and the Jews, 588.

Pius V, pope, 653.
hostile to Jews, 589-590.

Plato, alluded to, 66, 232.

Polak, Jacob, and the Pilpul, 418.

Poland, a refuge for Jews, 263, 420, 631-632, 641-643.
election in, 603-605.
Jewish synods in, 643-645.

Poland, Jews of, culture of, 633-634.
enjoy peace, 418-421.

Poland, Reformation in, 646-648.

Pomis, de, David, physician, 653, 656-657.

Portaleone, di, Guglielmo, physician, 287.

Porteiro jurado, assistant of Ar-Rabbi Mor, 159.

Portugal, a refuge for Marranos, 318.
asylum for Jews, 173.
Jews leave, 369.

Portugal, Jews of, under Alfonso V, 338-339.
under Ferdinand, 158-159.

Portugal, Spanish exiles in, 365-369.

Posen, conflagration of, 263.
first Jewish community in Poland, 632.
Jews of, attacked, 642.

Prague, confiscation of Hebrew books in, 584-585.

Prague, Jews of, expelled, 585-587.
persecuted, 164-165, 178.
threatened with expulsion, 417-418.
See also Bohemia.

Prester John, alluded to, 368.

Printing houses, Jewish, 289, 414, 418, 474, 581, 628.

Privado, confidential counselor, 79, 116.

Procureur, collector of Jew taxes, 130, 132.

Profatius. See Jacob ben Machir Tibbon.

Profiat Duran, a Marrano scholar, 188-190, 191, 238.
commentaries, history, and grammar by, 190, 191.
his satire on converts, 188-195, 235.
quoted, 190.

Protestant hatred of Jews, 552.

Provence, a refuge for French exiles, 49.
and Spanish Marranos, 318.

Provence, Jews of, devotees of profane culture, 37.
persecuted, 102, 112.
protected, 177.
See also France, southern.

Prud'hommes, superintendents over the Jews of France, 54.

Pucci, Antonio, cardinal, and the Inquisition, 507, 514-515.

Pucci, Lorenzo, and Molcho, 503, 507.
and the Inquisition, 505.

Pulgar, Isaac, philosopher, 91.
satirizes Alfonso Burgensis, 82.

Purim, Cairo, 396.
celebration of, ridiculed, 185.
in Saragossa, 148.
Vincent, at Frankfort, 700.

Quemadero, place of burning, 314, 317.

Quinon, Denis, receiver general of Languedoc, 132.

Rabbanites, feud with Karaites, 403-404.
in Jerusalem, 74.
instruct Karaites, 269-271.

Rabbinism, and Talmudical Judaism, 89.
conversions to, 72.
criticised by Shemarya Ikriti, 69.

Radziwill, promoter of the Reformation in Poland, 646.

Rafan, David, discovers the spuriousness of the Zohar, 20.

Rahab, as a character in Immanuel Romi's work, 67.

Raimuch, Astruc (Francisco God-flesh), conversionist, 182.

Rashi, 442, 476,
admired by Christian writers, 185.
college of, dispersed, 48.

Ratisbon, diet at, denounces Nicholas V, 267.
hostile to Jews, 258.

Ratisbon, Jews of, appeal to Ladislaus of Bohemia, 303.
escape the Rindfleish persecution, 36.
exposed to a mob, 110.
persecuted, 300-307.
protected, 99, 305-306.
threatened, 254, 463-464.
under restrictions, 416-417.

Ravenna asks for Jews, 286.

Ravensburg, Jews of, charged with the blood-accusation, 227.

Raymond de Penyaforte, Dominican general, 77, 208, 245.

Receswinth, decrees of, 326.

Receveur-general, collector of Jew taxes, 130, 132, 150.

Recife, Jews of, 693.

Reformation, the, 467-470.
and Judaism, 471-476.
and the Jews, 470.
effects, 540-541.
in Poland and Lithuania, 646-648.

Reggio, Jewish printing house in, 289.

Reis, chief of Egyptian Jews, 392.

Remonstrants, religious sect hostile to Jews, 673-674.

Rendeiros, tax-farmers, 339.

Reubeni, David, and Charles V, 509-511.
and Molcho, 495-496, 504.
at Avignon, 499.
at Rome, 492-493.
at Venice, 504.
his mission, 491-492.
in Portugal, 493-500.

Reuchlin, John, humanist, 431-432.
and the Kabbala, 481, 466-467, 583.
appeals to Leo X, 453-454.
appointed to examine into Hebrew books, 441-443.
at Speyer, 454, 455.
Hebrew scholar, 433-434, 471.
his anti-Jewish prejudices, 435.
honors bestowed on, 435, 436.
quoted, 447-448.
refutes Dominican charges, 446-447.
trial at Mayence, 450, 452.
See Chapter XIV.

Reuchlinists, defenders of the Jews, 456, 457.

Rheims, Hebrew studies at, 474.

Rheingau, the, Jews of, expelled, 543.

Rhine, the, island in, scene of a persecution, 107.
Jewish communities on, massacred, 225.

Rhineland, the, Jews of, persecuted, 97, 107.

Ribash. See Isaac ben Sheshet Barfat.

Riccio, Paul, convert, 466.

Rieti, da, Gajo. See Moses ben Isaac da Rieti.

Rindfleisch, persecutor of the Jews, 35-36.

Robert of Anjou, king of Naples, and Kalonymos ben Kalonymos, 61, 63.
and Shemarya Ikriti, 69, 70.
patron of learning, 59.
taught by Leo Romano, 68.

Roïm, shepherds, 55-57.

Romano, Leone. See Jehuda ben Moses ben Daniel.

Romano, Solomon (John Baptista), denounces the Talmud, 564.

Rome, the oldest European Jewish community, 61.
exiles at, 363, 408.
inundated, 505.

Rome, Jews of, culture of, 58-60.
threatened, 61.
See also Italy.

Romi. See Immanuel ben Solomon Romi.

Rosales, Immanuel, author, 692.

Rossi, deï, Azarya ben Moses, critic, 613-615.
opposition to, 616-617.

Rouelle, French Jew-badge, 131.

Roussillon, French exiles in, 49.
Jews of, devoted to science, 25.

Rotterdam, Jews settle in, 685.

Röttingen, Jews of, persecuted, 35.

Rubianus, Crotus (Johann Jäger), author of the "Letters of
Obscurantists," 456, 461.

Rudolph II, emperor, and the Jews, 652.

Ruez, Juan, Spanish inquisitor, 312.

Saatz, imperial army at, 226.

Saba, Abraham, Kabbalist, 381.

Sabbation, a mythical river, 4.

Sadolet, bishop, quoted, 515.

Safet, Kabbalistic center, 74, 399, 405, 622-623.
ordination revived in, 531-532.
Spanish exiles in, 399.

Safi, Jews in, 389.

Sancta Anastasia, de, cardinal, favorable to Marranos, 379.

St. Bartholomew, massacre, 604.

St. Gall, Jews of, persecuted, 105.

Salamanca, Jews of, baptized, 205.

Salonica, Kabbalistic center, 405.
Spanish exiles in, 404-405.

Salzring, place of execution in Breslau, 262.

Samael, Kabbalistic term, 17.

Sambation, a mythical river, 4.

Samiel, Kabbalistic term, 17.

Samson ben Meïr, partisan of Abba-Mari, 38.

Samson of Sens denounces the Karaites, 72.

Samuel, Kabbalist, 6.

Samuel, prophet, pilgrimages to grave of, 398.

Samuel, treasurer under Ferdinand IV, of Castile, 51.

San Benito, a garment, 317, 327.

San Martin, de, Juan, Spanish inquisitor, 312, 318-319, 323.

San Thomas, islands of, Jewish children at the, 371.

Sanchez, Juan Perez, opposes the Inquisition, 329.

Sancho IV, of Castile, employs Todros Abulafia, 2.

Sangisa, sister of Pope John XXII, hostile to Jews, 61.

Santa Cruz, de, Gaspard, conspirator against Arbues, 331-332.

Santa Fé, de, Francisco, conspirator against Arbues, 331.

Santillano, de, Diego and Francisco, plead for the Inquisition, 311.

Santob (Shem Tob) de Carrion, troubadour, 87, 114-115.

Saporta, Enoch, influences Karaites to Rabbinism, 270.

Saragossa, celebration of Purim in, 148.
conversions in, 206, 214.
Inquisition at, 326, 329.
rising against the Marranos of, 330.

Saragossi, Joseph, Kabbalist, 393.

Sariel, Kabbalistic term, 17.

Sarrão Thomé, Marrano leader, 516.

Saruk, Israel, Kabbalist, 625.

Savoy, duke of, invites Jews, 675.
expelled, 294.

Savoy, Jews of, persecuted, 104, 218.
privileges, of, confirmed, 219.

Scaliger, Joseph, humanist, 685.

Schaffhausen, Jews of, persecuted, 105.

Schutz-juden, protected Jews, 688.

Schwarz, Peter, convert, maligns the Jews, 302, 442.

Schweidnitz, Jewish community of Silesia, 260, 261.

Scotus, Duns, alluded to, 277.

"Scourge of the Jews," sobriquet of John of Capistrano, 260.

Scriptures, the Holy. See Bible, the.

Scrutinium Scriptuarum (Searching the Scriptures), work by Solomon
Levi, 233.

Sebastian, of Portugal, in Africa, 381.

Sechel ha-Poel, in the Kabbala, 4.

"Sefer Yochasin," chronicle, 391.

Sefiroth, Kabbalistic term, 6, 13, 14, 17, 22, 619, 626.

Segovia, Jews of, baptized, 205.
prepare for exile, 352.
Marranos of, massacred, 283.
synagogue of, turned into a church, 196.

Seleucidan chronology, 394-395.

Selim I, sultan, and the Jews, 393-394, 400, 401, 402.

Selim II, sultan, and Joseph Nassi, 594-595.
Jews under, 602.

Selve, de, George, disciple of Elias Levita, 472, 474.

Semichah, ordination, 530.

Sen Escalita. See Sulami.

Senensis, Sixtus, proselytizer, 581.
and the Talmud, 582.
rescues the Zohar, 584.

Senior, Abraham. See Benveniste, Abraham.

Sens, college of, dispersed, 48.

Separation, Kabbalistic term, 619.

Sephardic Jews. See Jews of Spain, Africa, Italy, and the East.

Septuagint, not authoritative, 237.

Sepulveda, Jews of, persecuted, 278, 279.

Serachya ben Shaltiel, promoter of culture among Italian Jews, 59.

Serkes, Joel, Talmudist, 703.

Servetus, Michael, anti-Trinitarian, 541, 646.

"Servi cameræ," coveted by petty rulers, 128.
Jews of France claimed as, 47.
protected by Charles of Luxemburg, 106.
under Louis the Bavarian, 96.

Setubal, a port for Jewish exiles, 374.

Seville, Inquisition organized in, 312-314.

Seville, Jews of, cause the Spanish persecutions, 155, 157-158.
persecuted, 167-169.

Seville, Marrano victims of the Inquisition in, 317.
Marranos of, attacked, 282-283.

Seville, mayor of, opposed to the Inquisition, 313.
synagogues of, turned into churches, 169.

Seven Planets, Tables of the, by Zacuto, 367.

Sezira, John, friend of Isaac Abrabanel, 338, 340.

Sforno, Obadiah (Servadeus), physician, 411.
Reuchlin's teacher, 434, 473.

Sforza, Galeazzo, and Jews, 287, 296-297.

Shachna, Shalom, Talmudist, 634, 639.

Shalal, Isaac Cohen, Nagid, 392, 398.

Shalom, of Austria, compiles Jewish customs, 134.

Shaprut, Shem-Tob ben Isaac, controversialist, 142-143, 144.

Shaltiel, Jewish advocate in Turkey, 494.

"Shebet Jehuda," a history by the Ibn-Vergas, 557-558.

Shemarya Ikriti, and the Karaites, 69-70, 71.

"Shield and Sword," controversial work, 237.

Shulam, Samuel, historian, 608.

"Shulchan Aruch," code of Joseph Karo, 539, 612-613.

Sibili, Astruc, denounces the Jews of Palma, 246-247.

Siciliano, Judah, poet, 60, 68.

Sicily, opposition to the Inquisition in, 319-320.

Siddur Tefila, Karaite prayer-book, 71.

Sidillo (Sid), Samuel, scholar, 392.

Sigismund, emperor, 216, 218, 227.
and the Jews, 219, 248.
appoints rabbis, 227.
in the Hussite war, 225.

Sigismund III, of Poland, friendly to Jews, 643.

Sigismund Augustus, of Poland and Joseph Nassi, 602.
and the Reformation, 646.
protects Jewish trade, 633.

Silesia, Jews of, persecuted, 260-263.

Silva, de, Diogo, inquisitor-general of Portugal, 508, 513.

Silva, de, Miguel, opposes David Reubeni, 498-499.

Simon bar Yochaï, pretended author of the Zohar, 12-14, 15, 16, 18,
20, 21, 618, 623.

Simon ben Zemach Duran, rabbi of Algiers, 199-200.
at Palma, 247.
controversial writer, 238.

Simon Duran II, rabbi of Algiers, aids Spanish exiles, 390, 391.

Simon of Trent, a supposed victim of the Jews, 298-299, 414.

Simoneta, cardinal, opposes the Portuguese Inquisition, 520.

Sixtus IV, pope, 340.
and Simon of Trent, 299.
and the Inquisition in Aragon, 319.
and the Spanish Inquisition, 311, 312, 318-119, 322-323.
friendly to Marranos, 320.
opposes Jewish church officers, 321.
votary of the Kabbala, 292, 443.

Sixtus V, permits the printing of the Talmud, 658.
removes Jewish restrictions, 655-659.

Soares, João, inquisitor, 521.

Socinians, anti-Trinitarians, 647.

Socinus, religious reformer, 647.

Sokolli, Mahomet, vizir of Selim II, and Joseph Nassi, 596, 599, 611,
627-628.
employs a Jewish negotiator, 602.
partisan of Venice, 600.

Solis, de, Pedro, member of the Inquisition commission, 312.

Solomon, king, as a character in Immanuel Romi's work, 67.
quoted, 33.

Solomon, son of Manessier de Vesoul, 150.

Solomon ben Abraham ben Adret, rabbi of Barcelona, 7, 26, 49, 51, 74,
75, 91, 147.
attacked by Bedaresi, 42-44.
partisan of the obscurantists, 28-30, 33, 34, 39, 42, 50.
pronounces a ban against the Montpellier freethinkers, 38.
signs ban against science, 40.

Solomon ben Jacob, translator of Maimuni, 60.

Solomon ben Reuben Bonfed attacks Christian dogmas, 182.
neo-Hebraic poet, 230.

Solomon Duran, rabbi of Algiers, controversial writer, 238, 390.

Solomon of Montpellier, proscriber of Maimuni, 27.

Solyman I, sultan, and Joseph Nassi, 594.
conspired against, 395.
favorable to Jews, 400, 402, 404.
intercedes for Turkish Jews in Ancona, 578.
protects Gracia Mendesia, 574-575.

Soncino, Jewish printing house in, 289.

Soncino, Gershon, printer, 586.

Soranzo, Jacopo, Venetian agent in Constantinople, 606.

Soria, cortes of, deprive the Jews of criminal jurisdiction, 157.

Spain, exiles from, 357-364, 389-392.
first auto-da-fé in, 317.
Inquisition established in, 312.
See Inquisition.

Spain, Jews of, banished, 81, 347-348.
controversial literature of, 231-238.
culture of, 37, 75, 387-389.
degeneracy of, 60, 86, 87, 91, 143-144, 153-155, 228.
employed by Ferdinand and Isabella, 336.
enjoy peace, 274-276.
humbled by the civil war, 126.
in Africa, 197.
influenced by Asheri, 51.
invited to adopt the ban against science, 40.
persecuted in 1391, 166-173.
plan to emigrate, 283.
prepare for exile, 349-352.
send an embassy to Martin V, 219.
supposed to have caused the Black Death, 101.
wealth of, 383.

Spain misses the Jews, 353-354.
See also Castile, Aragon, etc.

Spain, northern, Jews of, persecuted, 53.
threatened, 103.

Spain, southern, Jews of, enjoy peace, 53.

Spanish language cultivated by the exiles, 387-388.

Speyer, decisions of, 135.
Jews of, persecuted, 107-108.

Spina, de, Alfonso, preacher, hostile to Jews, 276-277.

Spinoza, Baruch, alluded to, 93, 682.

Sprinz, David, partisan of Israel Bruna, 302.

Stein, inhabitants of, attack the Jews of Krems, 110.

Strasburg, authorities of, defend the Jews, 105-108.
Jews of, imprisoned, 108.

"Strengthening of the Faith, The," by Isaac Troki, 648-649.

Sturm, Gosse, defends the Jews, 106, 108.

Suabia, Jews of, banished, 307, 413.
persecuted, 97, 110, 163.

Sulami, Samuel, patron of Levi of Villefranche, 25-26, 29.

Sulchat, Karaite stronghold, 71.

Suson, de, Diego, victim of the Spanish Inquisition, 317.

Swaber, Peter, defends the Jews, 106, 108.

Swedes, the, and Jews, 707.

Switzerland, Jews of, persecuted, 104.

Synhedrion, Maimuni's teachings on, 530.
value of a, 532.

Synods of the Four Countries, 643-645.

Syria conquered by Selim I, 393.

Tab Yomi. See Lipmann of Mühlhausen.

"Table-cloth," work by Moses Isserles, 637.

Talith, Kabbalistic use of, 5.

Talmud, the, and the Kabbala, 19.
burnt, 50, 55, 582-583.
confiscated, 565-566.
declared hostile to Christianity, 444-445.
defended, 234, 238, 442-443, 657.
denounced, 213, 425-426, 439, 549-550, 563-564.
interdicted by popes, 215-216, 251, 565-566, 659.
permitted by Sixtus V, 658.
permitted to appear under another name, 589.
printed, 468, 589.
threatened, 141, 427-428.
used by controversialists, 142.

Talmud, study of the, by Karaites, 269.
by Portuguese Marranos, 485.
in France, 133.
in Germany, 96, 134, 227.
in Jerusalem, 74.
in Padua, 410.
in Poland, 420, 634-641.
in Prague, 418.
in Safet, 399.
in Spain, 86, 144, 229-230.
neglected, 653.
spread by Asheri, 87, 88.

Talmud Torah, Hebrew institute in Amsterdam, 681-682.

Talmud Torah, Jewish synagogue at Hamburg, 689.

Tam, college of, dispersed, 48.

Tam, Jacob, alluded to, 609.

Tamar as a character in Immanuel Romi's work, 67.

Tamarica, Jews of, 693.

Tamarite, Jews of, converted, 214.

Tangier taken by Alfonso V, 286.

Targum, the, not authoritative, 237.

Tavs (Tus), Jacob, translator of the Pentateuch into Persian, 401.

Taytasak, Jacob, scholar, 496.

Taytasak, Joseph, Kabbalist and Talmudist, 405, 506.

Tekanoth Shum, decisions of Speyer, Worms and Mayence, 135.

Ten tribes, supposed home of, 4.

Teneo, Jews settle in, 197.

Teruel opposes the Inquisition, 328.

Terza rima introduced into Hebrew poetry, 65.

Testaments, Old and New, contrasted, 540-541. See also Bible, the.

Teutonic knights defeat Casimir IV, 266.

Texeira, Diego, de Mattos, prominent in Hamburg, 690-691.

Thebes, Spanish exiles in, 406.

Themudo, George, spies upon the Portuguese Marranos, 489.

"Theorica," work by Frohbach, 638.

Thirty Years' War, the, and the Jews, 701-702, 707.

Thuringia, Jews of, slaughtered, 109, 225.

Tibbon. See Jacob ben Machir, and Judah ben Moses.

Tibbonides, party opposed to Abba-Mari, 32-33, 50.
defend Maimuni, 41, 42.
issue a ban, 40-41.

Tiberias given to Joseph Nassi, 596, 610-611.

Tiberinus, Matthias, and Simon of Trent, 298.

Tilly, general, alluded to, 701.

Tirado, Jacob, and Marrano fugitives, 664-665, 666, 667.

Tlemçen, Jews in, 390.
Jews settle in, 197.

Tob-Elem, Joseph, author of a commentary, 144.

Tobias, a physician of Trent, 297.

Todros, of Beaucaire, ally of Abba-Mari, 31.

Tokat, Jews of, charged with murder, 553.
Spanish exiles in, 405.

Toledo, autos-da-fé at, 332.
Black Death in, 113.
Inquisition at, 325.

Toledo, Jews of, Arabic scholars, 60.
faithful to Pedro the Cruel, 124.
persecuted, 118, 169.
suffer during the civil war, 126, 136-137.
uncultured, 140, 142.

Toledo, Kabbalistic center, 1.
rabbis of, asked to betray Marranos, 335-336.
supposed center of poisoners, 101, 102.
synagogue at, 119-120, 354.

Tongern, Arnold of, theologian, 424, 450.

Toro, fortress in Castile, 118.
cortes of, hostile to Jews, 138-139.
Jews of, baptized, 205.

Torquemada, de, Thomas, inquisitor-general of Spain, 324, 336, 343,
346, 353, 355.
appointed inquisitor, 319.
expels Jewish bishops, 333.
fears of, 356.
forbids Christians to help exiled Jews, 350.
influences Isabella of Castile, 310.
institutes Inquisition tribunals, 325.
publishes an Inquisition code, 326-328.
quoted, 348.
separates Jews and Marranos, 335-336.

Tostosa, Jews of, converted, 206.
religious disputation at, 207-216.

Tossafists, Talmud commentators, 133.

Tossafoth Yom-Tob, work by Lipmann Heller, 704.

"Touchstone," satire by Kalonymos ben Kalonymos, 62-63.

Toulouse, Jews of, converted, 48, 56.
massacred by the Shepherds, 56.
protected, 176.

Transformation, Kabbalistic term, 619.

Transmigration of souls by Lurya, 619-622.

Trani, di, Moses, rabbi at Safet, 540, 580.

"Treatises of the Righteous Brethren," an Arabic cyclopedia, 62.

"Tree of Life, The," Karaite philosophic work, 95.

Trent, council of, and the Talmud, 589.
Jews of, charged with the blood-accusation, 297-299.

Tria, Spanish exiles in, 405.

"Trial of the World," poem by Yedaya Bedaresi, 49.

Triana, the Inquisition in, 314.

Triest, Isaac, Jewish advocate at the imperial court, 436-437.

Tripoli, Jews in, 389.

Troki, Isaac ben Abraham, controversialist, 648-649.

Troki, Karaites of, well treated by Casimir IV, 265.

Troyes, college of, dispersed, 48.

Tsiruf, Kabbalistic term, 5.

Tudela, Jews of, baptized, 358.
persecuted, 78.

Tudela refuses to give up Marranos, 357.

Tunis, Marranos emigrate to, 179.

Turim (Tur), code of Jacob ben Asheri, 88-90.

Turkey, a refuge for Jews, 271-273.
Jews in, 529.

Turkey, Jews of, commerce, 579.
culture, 607-610.
judicial autonomy, 330.
prosperity, 400-402, 593, 607.
spiritual condition, 627.

Turkey, Jews settle in, 352, 544.
Spanish exiles in, 364, 400-405.

Tuscany, Jews of, protected, 297.
Jews received in, 659.

Tyrol, the, Jews of, persecuted, 297-299.

Ueberlingen, Jews of, charged with the blood-accusation, 227.
persecuted, 105.

Ulm, conference at, 166.
Jews of, banished, 416.

Unitarians, 541-542, 647-648.

Universities, and the Reuchlin-Pfefferkorn case, 459-460.
and the confiscation of Hebrew books, 437, 441, 444-445.

Uranso, de, Vidal, assassin of Arbues, 330.

Urban V, pope, quoted, 126.

Usque, Abraham, and Gracia Mendesia, 576.
press of, closed, 581.
translates the Bible, 475.

Usque, Samuel, historian, work of, 558-561.
quoted, 324-325, 380, 405, 409, 522, 575-576.

Usque, Solomon (Duarte Gomez), poet, 558.

Usury countenanced in Italy, 286.
encouraged by Alfonso XI, 80.
in France, 174.
legislated against in Castile, 139.

Uziel, Isaac, rabbi at Amsterdam, 672, 680, 682, 683, 689.

Vaad Arba Arazoth, Synods of the Four Countries, 643-645.

Valavigny, tortured on the charge of poisoning, 104.

"Vale of Weeping," by Joseph Cohen, 590, 608.

Valencia, count of, arranges an anti-Jewish code, 278.

Valencia, Jews of, accused of child-murder, 344.
converted, 171, 205, 206.
invested with criminal jurisdiction, 155.
persecuted, 170-171.

Valencia, revolts against the Inquisition, 328.

Valladolid, cortes of, petition against Jews, 116.
against usurers, 80.

Valladolid, Jews of, baptized, 205.
dispute with Alfonso Burgensis, 83.
plundered, 125.

Valladolid, Marranos attacked in, 280.

Vayol, Hans, convert, maligns Israel Bruna, 302, 303.

Vaz, Diego, assassin of Henrique Nunes, 490.

Vecinho, Joseph, physician to João II, of Portugal, 367.

Vega, Judah, rabbi at Amsterdam, 680.

Velasquez de Tordesillas, bishop, arrests Jews, 195.

Venaissin, Jews of, expelled, 592.
protected, 177.

Venice, and Jewish emigrants, 274.
and Joseph Nassi, 599-601.
and Solomon Ashkenazi, 605-607.
commerce of, 285.
Jews of, in the Ghetto, 408.
protects the Jews, 297, 299.

Verdun, refuge for Jews, 56.

Viana, Jews of, persecuted, 78.

Vidal (Maestro). See Narboni.

Vidal ben Benveniste Ibn-Labi. See Ibn-Labi, Vidal ben Benveniste.

Vidal Menachem ben Solomon Meïri, rabbi, 26-27.

Vieira, Antonio, quoted, 683.

Vienna, Jews of, blood-accusation against, 223.
commit suicide, 110.
during the Thirty Years' War, 702-703.
protected, 99.

Villadiego, Jews of, annihilated, 125.

Villareal, Inquisition at, 325.

Villaris, treasurer of Ferdinand and Isabella, 344.

Viseu, de, José, physician, 367.

Vitoria, Jews of, prepare for exile, 352.
lacks physicians, 353.

Waldenses, alluded to, 222.

Weil, Jacob, partisan of Israel Bruna, 302, 303.

Weil, Moses, German rabbi at Amsterdam, 681.

Weissenfels, delegates to synod of, attacked, 163-164.

Wenceslaus, emperor, and the Jews, 164-166.

"White Company," enlisted by Henry of Trastamare, 122, 123.

Widmannstadt, disciple of Reuchlin, 434.

William I, of Orange, and Joseph Nassi, 601.
friendly to Jews, 663, 678.

William II, of Orange, friendly to Jews, 678.

Witold, duke of Lithuania, friendly to Karaites, 265.

Wolfkan, of Ratisbon, and Simon of Trent, 298, 304.

"Wonderful Word, The," work by Reuchlin, 433.

Worms, decisions of, 135.

Worms, Jews of, commit suicide, 108-109.
in the seventeenth century, 694-695.
persecuted, 698-700.
threatened, 463-464.

Worms, synod at, 452-453.

Würzburg, Jews of, persecuted, 35, 110.

Wycliffe, alluded to, 202, 221.

Ximenes de Cisneros, inquisitor general, 484.

"Year of Penitence," preparation for the Messiah, 483.

Yechiel of Pisa, banker, 286-287, 297, 340.
sons of, help Jewish exiles, 360.

Yedaya En-Bonet. See Bedaresi, Yedaya En-Bonet ben Abraham.

Zacharias, founder of a sect, 633.

Zacuto. See Lusitano, Abraham Zacuto.

Zacuto, Abraham, astronomer, 367, 407, 678.
astrologer to Manoel, of Portugal, 372, 378.
at Tunis, 391, 392.
chronicle by, 391, 608, 609.
pronounces the funeral oration over Isaac Aboab, 366.

Zacuto, Moses, Kabbalist, 682.

Zacuto, Samuel, son of Abraham Zacuto, 378.

Zähringen, council of, and the poison made by Jews, 108.

Zamora, council of, hostile to Jews, 52.
Jews of, baptized, 205.

Zapateiro, Joseph, Portuguese traveler, 368.

Zarfati, Isaac, quoted, 271-273.

Zarfati, Simon, physician, 408.

Zarfati, Solomon ben Abraham, Talmudist, 144, 162, 171.

Zarko, Jehuda, Hebrew poet, 609.

Zarzel, Moses, poem by, 190.

Zaslaw, meeting-place of Talmudists, 640.

Zealand refuses Marranos, 663.

"Zeda la-Derech," work by Menachem ben Zerach, 145.

Zemach ben Gershon, Mordecai, intercedes for the Jews of Prague,
586-587.

Zemach David, chronicle by David Gans, 638.

Zicareo, character in Samuel Usque's "Consolation," 558.

Zion, Jonathan Levi, Jewish advocate at the imperial court, 436-437.

Zisca, Hussite hero, 225, 226.

Zofingen, Jews of, persecuted, 105.

Zohar, the, Kabbalistic book, 11-24, 196, 622.
and Lurya's system, 618-619.
author, 12-14.
Christian doctrines in, 23.
doctrines of, 14-18.
Messianic speculations, 18-19.
on the Index expurgatorius, 584.
printed in Mantua, 583.
spuriousness, 20-21, 292.

Zosina, adherent of a Judaizing sect, 633.

Zurich, Jews of, accused of poisoning the wells, 105.

Zütphen, counselor of Alva, 662.

Zwingli and the Reformation, 469.

Transcriber's Notes:

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in this book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected.

Ambiguous hyphens at the ends of lines were retained.

Inconsistent use of small-caps and Proper caps in names unchanged.

Inconsistent use of periods after Regnal numbers not changed.

Due to light or faded printing, some page references in the Index appeared to be separated by a space, rather than by a comma or a dash. The transcribers attempted to remedy these, usually with dashes, by examining the referenced text.

The Index was not checked for correct page references.

Text spells the twelfth Hebrew month as "Elul" and as "Ellul".

Page 77: "It is not known in how far" was printed that way.

Page 173: "If hundred Jews were assembled" probably should begin with "If a hundred".

Page 175: "kept in goal" possibly should be "gaol".

Page 205: "wordly-minded" changed to "worldly-minded"; the latter occurs elsewhere in this text.

Page 331: "Francisco de Santa Fé" was printed as "Sante-Fé", but was changed to be consistent with all similar constructs in this book.

Page 419: "For though, constrained" was punctuated that way.

Page 718: "Esther (Esterka), wife of Casimir the Great" was referenced to page 122; the correct page is 112, and has been changed here.

Page 710: The index references "Albassi, Jacob", but the name is spelled "Abbassi" on the referenced page (60). Neither has been changed here.

Page 721: "Gonzaga, Ludovico," was printed as "Gonzago" but has been changed here to match the spelling on page 287. The next entry, "Gonzago, Vicenzo" has not been changed, as it is spelled "Gonzago" on page 659. In modern references, both names are spelled "Gonzaga".

Page 721: "Gratiño" is spelled "Gatiño" on the page it references; neither has been changed here. The Index contains similar discrepancies, most of which are not mentioned in these notes.

Page 723: "Ibn-Gebirol" was spelled "Ibn-Gebriol" in the original, but has been changed to match the spelling on the three pages this entry references.