Chapter X (4)

Gallatin, Albert, his opinion of the Connecticut River district, i.
19;
on Indian corn, 58;
his political doctrines, 72, 115 _et seq._, 163, 177;
personal characteristics of, 190;
appointed Secretary of the Treasury, 218;
supports M. L. Davis, 232;
opposes removals from office, 235; ii. 194;
his financial measures of 1801, i. 239;
his financial schemes adopted, 272;
inserts school and road contract into the law admitting Ohio,
302;
Yazoo commissioner, 304–306;
underestimates the product of the taxes, ii. 75;
his opinion on the acquisition of territory, 79, 131;
success of the Treasury Department under, 135;
asks Congress for a special tax for the Barbary war, 141, 261;
attacked by Duane, 194, 196;
by Eaton, 431;
remonstrates with Jefferson against allusions to New England in
second Inaugural, iii. 6;
his policy of internal improvements, 18; iv. 364;
his view of Monroe’s negotiation with Spain, iii. 65;
opposes the idea of war, 67;
opposes the offer of five millions for Florida, 78;
criticises the draft of Annual Message, November, 1805, 114;
success of his financial management, 210;
his policy of discharging public debt, 345;
his hostility to slavery, 362;
prepares for war with England, iv. 32 _et seq._;
his success with the treasury, 148;
modifies Jefferson’s Annual Message of 1807, 150;
his report Nov. 5, 1807, 156;
abandons his dogma against national debt, 157;
opposed to Jefferson’s gunboat policy, 158;
his letter advising that the embargo should be limited as to
time, 170;
talks freely with Rose, 197;
asserts that war is inevitable unless the Orders in Council
are repealed, 198;
enforces the embargo, 253;
requires arbitrary powers to enforce the embargo, 261;
thinks the result of the election doubtful, 284;
urges Jefferson to decide between embargo and war, 355;
his annual report of 1808, 365–367;
favors war, 368;
his plan, 369, 432;
writes “Campbell’s Report,” 370, 371;
his attitude as represented by Erskine, 385;
suggests settlement to Erskine, 387, 388;
Erskine’s report of his conversation, 390;
disavows Erskine’s report, 391;
his legislation to enforce the embargo, 398;
presses his measures, 420;
defeats bill for employing navy, 425, 426;
his analysis of the navy coalition, 428;
intended by Madison for Secretary of State, 429;
opposed by Giles, 429, 430;
his efforts to maintain discipline, 440;
explains the Non-intercourse Act to Erskine, 445;
his appointment as Secretary of State defeated, v. 4–8;
his quarrel with Samuel Smith, 10;
his conversation with Turreau about the Floridas, 38, 39;
his remarks to Turreau on renewing intercourse with Great
Britain, 74;
his letters on Erskine’s disavowal, 110, 111;
his expectations from Jackson’s mission, 110, 116, 117;
his feud with Giles, Smith, and Leib, 159;
his letter of remonstrance to Jefferson, 160, 161, 164;
his enemies, 167;
his annual report of 1809, 178;
his bill for excluding British and French ships, 183 (see Macon);
his remarks on Napoleon’s secret confiscations, 259;
his remarks to Turreau on revival of non-intercourse against
England, 303;
gives notice of revival of non-intercourse against England, 304;
his annual report of 1810, 319;
his dependence on the bank, 329, 335;
asks an increase of duties, 357;
his letter of resignation, 360–366;
Serurier’s estimate of, vi. 46;
his annual report of November, 1811, 126;
attacked by Giles, 148, 149;
delays his estimates, 156;
his war-taxes, 156–159, 165, 166, 204;
his war-taxes reported June 26, 235;
his loan of 1812, 206, 207;
believed to think war unnecessary, 225;
complains of Congress, 234, 235;
reports tax-bills to Congress, 235;
his instructions at the outbreak of war, 301;
his opinion of Eustis, 397, 398;
claims department of State, 424;
his annual report of Dec. 5, 1812, 433, 438;
his views on the forfeiture of merchandise imported in 1812, 439,
440;
his attitude toward war-taxation, 446;
offended by Duane’s appointment, vii. 41;
asks to go as peace commissioner to Russia, 42;
regards his separation from the Treasury as final, 43;
negotiates loan of 1813, 44;
settles financial arrangements for the year, 45;
sails for Russia, 46;
on the incapacity of government, 52;
his name sent to the Senate as envoy, 59;
his nomination rejected, 60, 355;
remonstrates against the seizure of Mobile, 212, 213;
objects to special legislation for privateers, 336;
arrives at St. Petersburg, 339, 347;
writes to Baring, 343;
obliged to remain idle at St. Petersburg, 348, 349;
leaves St. Petersburg and arrives in London, 355, 363;
nominated and confirmed as joint envoy to Ghent, 371;
his estimate of bank capital, currency, and specie in 1814,
387–389;
effect of his letters on the President, viii. 121;
Dallas’s opinion of, 244;
remains in London until June 21, 1814, ix. 1;
has interview with the Czar June 17, 8;
writes despatch of June 13, 8, 9;
his position and authority among the negotiators, 14, 15;
abandons hope of peace, 22;
takes control of the commission, 28, 29;
on the Florida policy, 30;
accepts the Indian article, 32;
learns Prevost’s defeat, 37;
becomes champion of the fisheries, 46, 48, 50;
Adams’s opinion of, 51;
his opinion of Adams, 51;
appointed minister to France, 89;
declines the Treasury, 124, 125, 141.

Gambier, Lord, commands the Copenhagen expedition, iv. 63;
bombards Copenhagen, 65;
appointed chief British commissioner at Ghent, ix. 13, 14.

Gardenier, Barent, member of Congress from New York, iv. 147;
attacks the Supplementary Embargo Bill, 201;
his duel with G. W. Campbell, 203;
his views on Campbell’s Report, 375, 447;
his remarks on Jefferson and Madison, v. 79, 80;
supports Macon’s bill, 185;
cause of changing rule of previous question, 353.

Gardiner, John Sylvester John, president of the Anthology Club, ix.
202.

Gaston, William, member of Congress from North Carolina, his reply
to Eppes, viii. 262.

Gaudin, Duc de Gaete, orders of, v. 348.

Gelston, Daniel, i. 231.

“General Armstrong,” New York privateer brig, vii. 316;
escapes the “Coquette,” 326;
destroyed at Fayal, viii. 201–207.

George III., King of England, character of, i. 342;
Eldon’s anecdote of, iv. 65;
becomes insane, v. 288; vi. 2.

George, Prince of Wales, his Whig associations, vi. 3, 4;
becomes Prince Regent, Feb. 6, 1811, 14;
retains Spencer Perceval’s ministry, 14;
his audience of leave for William Pinkney, 16, 18–20;
his conditional declaration of April 21, 1812, that the Orders in
Council should be withdrawn, 254, 282;
his opinion of Major-General Proctor, vii. 93, 94;
approves conduct of Major-General Ross, viii. 314.

Georgia, State of, in 1800, i. 4, 39;
surrenders territory to the United States, 303;
land speculation in, 303;
Rescinding Act, 304;
relations with Creek Indians, vii. 218, 219;
share in the Creek war, 234, 235;
militia campaigns of Floyd, 241–243, 249, 250;
militia fail to deal with the Creeks, viii. 219;
regular troops in, 316, 317;
agitated by British invasion, ix. 63.

German, Obadiah, senator from New York, vii. 48.

Gerry, Elbridge, i. 358;
presides over a “Chesapeake” meeting in Boston, iv. 29;
elected governor of Massachusetts in 1810 and 1811, v. 215; vi.
115;
defeated in 1812, 204;
nominated for the Vice-Presidency, 214;
elected, 413.

“Gershom,” American brig, burned by French squadron, vi. 193, 198.

Ghent, despatches dated Aug. 20, 1814, arrive at Washington from,
viii. 267; ix. 23;
American commissioners arrive at, ix. 9, 17;
first conference at, August 8, 17;
second conference at, August 19, 19;
despatches of August 20 from, 23;
Castlereagh visits, 24;
Treaty of, signed December 24, 52;
Treaty of, received in England, 54–56;
Treaty of, received in America, 57–61;
treaty confirmed and ratified, 58, 82;
character of treaty, 59;
effect of treaty on party politics, 80, 81.

Gholson, Thomas, member of Congress from Virginia, moves new rule
of previous question, v. 353.

Gibbs, Sir Samuel, British major-general, appointed second in
command of British expedition to New Orleans, viii. 315;
commands British right column at the battle of Jan. 8, 1815, 372;
attacks and is killed, 375, 381.

Gibson, James, colonel of Fourth Rifles, leads sortie from Fort
Erie, viii. 87;
killed, 88, 89.

Giles, William Branch, member of Congress from Virginia, i. 209,
261, 267;
his political career, 234 _et seq._;
debates the Judiciary Bill, 286 _et seq._, 299; ii. 142;
supports the impeachment of Judge Chase, 221;
his view of impeachment, 223, 235, 237, 238, 241;
senator from Virginia, iii. 126;
introduces a bill to suspend habeas corpus, 338, 340;
ready for war, iv. 198;
described by Joseph Story, 205;
his bill defining treason, 206;
his bill conferring power to enforce the embargo, 398;
a member of the senatorial cabal hostile to Madison and Gallatin,
428–430;
defeats Gallatin’s appointment as Secretary of State, v. 4–7;
votes for mission to Russia, 11;
his report on F. J. Jackson, 178, 179, 182, 183;
wishes energy of government, 180, 189;
his bill for the annexation of West Florida, 319, 320;
his speech on the Bank Charter, 333;
his political capacity, 363;
reports bill for raising twenty-five thousand troops, vi. 147;
his speech attacking Gallatin, 148, 149;
his factiousness, 150;
his admission of errors, 154;
his speech on the volunteer bill, 161;
votes for war, 229;
votes against occupying East Florida, 243;
on seamen’s bill, 454;
in opposition, vii. 48;
votes against Gallatin’s appointment to Russia, 59;
charged by Monroe with schemes of usurpation, 62;
votes against mission to Sweden, 63;
no chance of re-election, 399;
his bill for drafting eighty thousand militia, viii. 268–280;
thinks government cannot stand, 310;
resigns seat in Senate, ix. 107.

Gilman, Nicholas, senator from New Hampshire, votes against the
Two-Million Bill, iii. 139.

Girard, Stephen, shares loan of 1813, vii. 44, 45;
subscribes for bank-stock, ix. 131.

Gitschin in Bohemia, the Czar’s headquarters, vii. 340.

Glasgow, meeting of merchants at, in September, 1814, viii. 198,
199.

Gleig, George R., lieutenant in the British Eighty-fifth Regiment,
his account of the capture of Washington, viii. 129, 144;
is account of the artillery at New Orleans, 359, 360, 363–366.

Gloucester town-meeting appoints a committee of public safety, iv.
414.

Goddard, Calvin, member of Congress from Connecticut, ii. 160.

Godoy, Don Manuel, Prince of Peace, i. 346 _et seq._;
treaty of 1795 negotiated by, 348, 369, 371;
baffles Bonaparte, 374;
attempts to conciliate the United States, ii. 21;
protests against the sale of Louisiana, 57;
conciliates Napoleon, 277;
his defiant speech to Erving, iii. 38;
offers to accept American advances, 381, 382;
opposed to alliance with France, iv. 116, 117, 118, 124;
stifles Prince Ferdinand’s intrigue, 291;
mobbed, 298;
described by Napoleon, 299.

Gold, premium in England in 1812, vii. 5.
(See Specie.)

Goldsborough, Robert Henry, senator from Maryland, vii. 62, 63;
denounces conscription, viii. 273.

Goodrich, Chauncey, senator from Connecticut, iii. 461; iv. 146;
delegate to the Hartford Convention, viii. 292, 294.

Goodrich, Elizur, i. 226.

Gordon, Charles, captain in U. S. navy, appointed to command the
“Chesapeake,” iv. 5;
drops down the Potomac, 7;
ready for sea, 8;
testimony of, 11;
prepares for action, 16.

Gordon, James A., captain of British frigate “Seahorse,” captures
Alexandria, viii. 157;
rejoins fleet, 163, 164.

Gore, Christopher, ii. 347;
his letter to Pickering on resistance to the embargo, iv. 405;
Pickering’s reply, 406;
elected governor of Massachusetts in 1809, v. 12;
invites F. J. Jackson to Boston, 213;
defeated in the election of 1810, 215;
and in 1811, vi. 115;
senator from Massachusetts, his speech on conscription, viii. 272;
his letter on State armies, 284, 285;
approves report of Hartford Convention, 301;
his opinion of the Treaty of Ghent, ix. 59.

Goulburn, Henry, under secretary of state for the colonies,
appointed British commissioner at Ghent, ix. 13, 14;
presents subjects of discussion, 17;
states British demands, 19, 20;
reports Bayard’s remarks, 22;
checked by Castlereagh, 24, 25;
anxious for Prevost to move, 27;
out of temper, 29, 30, 31;
again checked, 31, 32;
quite in despair, 36;
thinks the fisheries conceded, 47.

“Governor Tompkins,” New York privateer schooner, her escape from
man-of-war, vii. 327, 328;
in the British Channel, viii. 196.

“Grace Ann Greene,” American vessel released by Napoleon, v. 391.

Graham, John, sent by Jefferson to inquire into Burr’s movements,
iii. 280, 281;
goes to Chillicothe, 282;
to Kentucky, 286;
his account of public opinion in Kentucky, vi. 394.

“Grand Turk,” privateer, in British waters, vii. 333.

Grandpré, Louis, v. 306, 307.

Granger, Gideon, appointed Postmaster-General, i. 308;
an active politician, ii. 192;
agent for the Yazoo claims, 212;
attacked by Randolph, 213;
removed from office by Madison, vii. 399–401.

Graydon, Alexander, i. 127.

Great Britain (see England).

Greenleaf’s Point (Arsenal), at Washington, viii. 137.

Gregg, Andrew, member of Congress from Pennsylvania, ii. 123;
moves a non-importation resolution, iii. 154;
the resolution debated, 155–165;
the resolution laid aside, 165, 396.

Grégoire, Abbé, i. 105.

Grenville, Lord, ii. 316, 418;
denounces seizure of Spanish galleons, iii. 46;
prime minister, 392, 420;
dismissed from office, 421;
charges ministers with intending a war with the United States,
iv. 70;
on Canning, v. 49;
on the American government, vii. 10.

Grétry, v. 235.

Grey, Earl (see Howick), denounces seizure of Spanish galleons,
iii. 47.

Griswold, Gaylord, member of Congress from New York, on the
Louisiana treaty, ii. 96.

Griswold, Roger, member of Congress from Connecticut, i. 269, 299;
on the Louisiana treaty, ii. 99, 101;
on the Vice-Presidency, 133;
on the Mediterranean Fund, 142;
believes disunion inevitable, 160, 162;
his letters to Oliver Wolcott, 162, 169, 180;
conference of, with Burr, 183, 390, 391.

Grosvenor, Thomas P., member of Congress from New York, on
Webster’s bank-bill, viii. 259, 260;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107;
criticises Webster, 117, 118;
on committee for internal improvements, 148.

Grundy, Felix, member of Congress from Tennessee, vi. 122, 137,
196;
on Committee of Foreign Relations, 124, 128;
his speech in favor of war, 137–141;
favors large army, 152;
opposes war-power, 161;
against frigates, 164;
on embargo, 201;
on the political effects of war, 213;
on forfeitures, 443;
reports bill for regulation of seamen, 452, 453;
on the state of the finances in April, 1813, vii. 390;
defeated as Speaker, 396.

“Guerriere,” British frigate, vi. 25;
“Little Belt” mistaken for, 26–30;
Captain Dacres, commander of, 37;
joins Broke’s squadron, 368;
chases “Constitution,” 370;
captured by “Constitution,” 372–375;
consternation produced throughout Great Britain by capture of,
vii. 5, 6, 24;
Captain Dacres on capture of, 7;
the “Times” on conduct of, 14;
relative loss compared with “Shannon,” 299;
loss inflicted by, compared with that inflicted by “Cyane” and
“Levant,” ix. 78;
effect of battle of, 229.

Gulf-stream considered by Jefferson as American waters, iii. 129,
405, 424.

Gunboats, arguments for and against, iii. 352;
Jefferson’s policy adopted by Congress, iv. 158–160;
Secretary Hamilton’s remarks on, v. 168;
attack British frigate “Junon,” vii. 270;
captured on Lake Borgne, viii. 335, 336;
ordered to be sold, ix. 87.

Gunnery, naval, of American gunboats in the affair with the British
frigate “Junon,” vii. 270;
of the battery on Craney Island, 274;
of the “Hornet” and “Peacock,” 290;
of the “Shannon” and “Chesapeake,” 292, 298–301;
of the “Argus” and “Pelican,” 306–308;
superiority of American, 319; viii. 210;
Michael Scott on, vii. 322;
relative superiority at Plattsburg, viii. 106, 109; ix. 234;
of the “Peacock” and “Epervier,” viii. 183, 184;
of the “Wasp” and “Reindeer,” 187;
of the “Wasp” and “Avon,” 190–192;
of the “President” and “Endymion,” ix. 69, 70;
of the “Hornet” and “Penguin,” 72;
of the “Constitution,” “Cyane,” and “Levant,” 75–78;
relative superiority of American, 229–235.
(See Artillery.)

Habeas Corpus, bill for the suspension of, defeated in Congress,
iii. 338, 340.

Halifax, blockaded by privateers in 1814, viii. 194, 195.

“Halifax,” British sloop-of-war, desertion of seamen from, iv. 2.

Hall, Basil, i. 164;
his account of the practice of the British frigates blockading
New York, iii. 92.

Hall, Bolling, member of Congress from Georgia, moves resolutions
authorizing issue of legal-tender treasury-notes, viii. 253,
254.

Hall, ------, captain of marines on the “Chesapeake,” iv. 11.

Hamilton, Alexander, i. 85, 86, 108, 277;
Talleyrand’s remark concerning, 352; ii. 168;
opposes Burr for governor, 176, 177;
not in favor of disunion projects, 184;
his opposition to Burr, 185 _et seq._;
his duel with Burr, 186 _et seq._;
mourned by the Federalists, 190.

Hamilton, Paul, appointed Secretary of the Navy, v. 9, 206;
his orders to Commodore Rodgers of June 9, 1810, vi. 26;
of May 6, 1811, 25;
his supposed incompetence, 169, 290, 395, 398;
his orders to Rodgers, Decatur, and Hull in June, 1812, 363–365,
368;
his orders of September, 1812, 378;
resigns, 428.

Hammond, George, Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs, v. 45.

Hampshire county-meeting in January, 1809, iv. 410.

Hampton, village of, captured and plundered, vii. 275, 276.

Hampton, Wade, brigadier-general in U. S. army, hostile to
Wilkinson, v. 169;
takes command at New Orleans, 175; vi. 291;
appointed Major-General, vii. 37;
sent to Lake Champlain, 174;
his hostility to Wilkinson, 175;
not under Wilkinson’s orders, 175, 176;
ordered to prepare winter quarters, 183, 197;
his force on Lake Champlain, 192;
advances to Chateaugay, 192;
reaches Spear’s, 193, 194;
his force, 196;
his check and retreat, 197;
offers resignation, 198;
falls back to Plattsburg, 199;
blamed by Wilkinson and Armstrong, 199, 200;
his resignation accepted, 199, 200, 416;
fortifies Norfolk, 271;
on Hull’s court-martial, 415;
Armstrong’s treatment of, 416.

Hanson, A. C., a victim of the Baltimore riot, vi. 407;
on the popularity of the war, vii. 69, 70;
his speech, Nov. 28, 1814, on the destitution of government,
viii. 252, 253.

Hardin, Benjamin, member of the Fourteenth Congress from Kentucky,
moves to repeal the direct tax, ix. 113;
on the effect of the Compensation Act, 137.

Hardy, Sir Thomas M., captain in British navy, blockades New York,
vii. 278;
countenances ship-duels, 286;
escorts British expedition to Moose Island, viii. 94.

Harper, Robert Goodloe, ii. 154;
one of Chase’s counsel, 228, 232;
federalist leader in 1799, vi. 144;
senator from Maryland, ix. 108.

“Harpy,” privateer, viii. 196.

Harris, Thomas K., member of Congress from Tennessee, on Giles’s
militia bill, viii. 275.

Harrison, Fort (see Fort Harrison).

Harrison, William Henry, governor of Indiana Territory, his Indian
treaty of 1805, iii. 13;
appointed governor, in 1800, vi. 68;
his account of Indian affairs, 69–73;
his treaties of 1804 and 1805, 75, 77;
his influence in the dispute about slavery in Indiana, 75–77;
his interview with the Prophet in August, 1808, 80;
his treaty of Sept. 30, 1809, 83, 84;
his interview with Tecumthe of Aug. 12, 1810, 85–88;
his letter to Tecumthe, June 24, 1811, 90;
his talk with Tecumthe, July 27, 1811, 91;
instructed to avoid hostilities, 93;
raises military forces, 93;
sends army up the Wabash valley, 94;
constructs Fort Harrison, 95;
marches on Tippecanoe, 97;
his arrival, 98–100;
his camp, 102;
attacked, 103;
his return to Vincennes, 106;
Humphrey Marshall’s opinion of, 107;
his estimate of the effect of his campaign, 107, 108;
appointed by Kentucky to command expedition to recover Detroit,
392, 420;
unable to advance, 412;
appointed major-general, vii. 37;
placed in command by Kentucky, 73, 74;
commissioned by the President as brigadier-general, 75;
receives _carte blanche_, with no orders but to recover Detroit,
75, 80, 102;
his autumn campaign, 75–84;
his winter campaign, 84–86, 100, 101;
ordered to remain on the defensive, 103;
besieged in Fort Meigs, 104–108;
attacked at Sandusky, 108–114;
his army of invasion, 128;
embarks, 129;
occupies Malden, 131;
occupies Sandwich and Detroit, 132;
defeats Proctor on the Thames, 137–140;
returns to Detroit, 142;
sent to Sackett’s Harbor, 200;
his treaty of peace with Indian tribes, 261; ix. 32;
Armstrong’s prejudice against, vii. 409;
resigns from the army, 410.

Harrowby, Lord, British Foreign Secretary, ii. 418;
receives Monroe, 420;
instructions as to impressments and the boundary convention, 423
_et seq._;
retires from the Foreign Office, iii. 47.

Hartford Convention (see New England Convention).

“Hartford wits,” i. 101.

Harvard College, i. 77, 78, 90;
the source of Boston Unitarianism, ix. 176;
its influence on Boston, 205, 206.

Hastings, Warren, trial of, ii. 226.

Hauterive, Alexandre Maurice, Comte d’, charged with negotiations
with Armstrong, v. 140, 141.

Havre de Grace, in Maryland, Cockburn’s attack on, vii. 267.

Hawkesbury, Lord (see Liverpool).

Hawkins, Benjamin, Indian agent among the Creeks, vii. 218;
satisfied with behavior of Creeks, 220;
his report of Tecumthe’s address to the Creeks, 221;
demands the delivery of Creek murderers, 225;
his report on the flight of the Red Sticks, 257, 258.

Hay, George, District Attorney, conducts prosecution of Burr, iii.
445;
threatens the court, 466;
Monroe’s son-in-law, accuses Jefferson of insincerity, iv. 131;
his advice to Monroe, vi. 421.

Hayes, John, captain of British 56-gun frigate “Majestic,”
commanding blockading squadron off New York, intercepts Decatur
in the “President,” ix. 64.

Head, Sir Francis, ix. 233.

Heath, William, Jefferson’s letter to, iii. 8, 9, 58.

Henley, John D., commander in the U. S. navy, his report on the
destruction of the “Carolina” at New Orleans, viii. 359.

Henry, John, his letters to H. W. Ryland in March, 1808, iv.
243–248;
his letters sent by Sir James Craig to Lord Castlereagh, 246,
248;
sent to Boston by Sir James Craig in January, 1809, 460;
his reports, 461;
his report on disunion, v. 14;
recalled, 86;
demands money, vi. 176;
comes to Boston, 177;
employs Crillon to negotiate with Monroe, 178;
obtains fifty thousand dollars, 179;
sails for Europe, 180;
papers of, 182;
supposed effect of, in Florida affairs, 241.

Henry, Patrick, i. 143;
quoted by Randolph, ix. 110.

“Hermes,” 22-gun British sloop-of-war, sent to Pensacola, viii.
319, 322;
attacks Fort Bowyer, 323;
disabled and burned, 324.

Herrera, General, iii. 300;
hostile demonstrations of, 304;
movements of, 310.

Hickory Ground, the focus of Creek fanaticism, vii. 234.

Higginson, Stephen, ii. 164.

Hill, Lord, intended to command British expedition to New Orleans,
viii. 311.

Hillabee villages, vii. 241, 247.

Hillhouse, James, senator from Connecticut, ii. 160; iv. 146;
directs opposition to the embargo, 405;
delegate to the Hartford Convention, viii. 292.

Hillyar, James, captain of the British 36-gun frigate “Phoebe,”
blockades and captures the “Essex” at Valparaiso, viii.
178–180, 201.

Hindman, Jacob, major of artillery corps, commands battalion in
Brown’s army, viii. 37;
at Lundy’s Lane, 56;
ordered to withdraw his guns, 59;
commands artillery at Fort Erie, 71.

Hinds, Thomas, lieutenant-colonel of Mississippi volunteers, at New
Orleans, viii. 345.

“Holkar,” New York privateer, captured, vii. 329.

Holland, exempted from the non-intercourse, iv. 446; v. 72, 90–92,
112;
restored to independence, vii. 373.
(See Louis Bonaparte)

Holland, James, member of Congress from North Carolina, laments
disposition for novelty, iii. 351.

Holland, Lord, negotiates treaty with Monroe, iii. 407, 408–412;
on repeal of the orders, vi. 275.

Holmes, John, of Maine, attacks report of Hartford Convention in
the Massachusetts legislature, viii. 306.

Holstein, Duchy of, v. 413.

Hope, Henry, captain of the British frigate “Endymion,” his report
of attack on the “Prince of Neufchatel,” viii. 208, 209;
his action with the “President,” ix. 67.

Hopkins, Lemuel, i. 102.

Hopkins, Samuel, major-general of Kentucky militia, vii. 74, 76,
78;
member of the Thirteenth Congress, viii. 279.

Hopkinson, Joseph, one of Chase’s counsel, ii. 228, 231;
member of the Fourteenth Congress, declares the federal
government at its last gasp in January, 1815; viii. 285, 286;
represents Pennsylvania, ix. 107.

“Horizon,” American ship, condemned by French courts under Berlin
Decree, iv. 82;
judgment in the case of the, 109.

Horner, Francis, declares the American war unpopular, ix. 43.

“Hornet,” sloop-of-war, brings despatches, vi. 215, 217;
cruises with Rodgers’ squadron, 365, 366;
at Boston, 378, 381;
her second cruise, 384;
blockades the “Bonne Citoyenne,” 384; vii. 288;
Josiah Quincy’s Resolution on victory of, 65;
attached to Decatur’s squadron, 278;
sinks the “Peacock,” 289, 290;
commanded by Biddle, 291, 293;
blockaded at New London, 312;
sails from New York, ix. 63, 70;
captures “Penguin,” 71, 72;
escapes “Cornwallis,” 73;
gunnery of, 230.

Horses and horse-racing in New England, i. 50;
in New York and Virginia, 51.

Horse-shoe, of the Tallapoosa River, battle at, vii. 254–257.

Hosack, Dr. David, i. 111.

Hospitals and asylums in 1800, i. 128.

Houston, Samuel, wounded at the Horse-shoe, vii. 256.

Howell, Jeremiah B., senator from Rhode Island, votes against
occupying West Florida, vi. 243.

Howick, Lord (Earl Grey), British Foreign Secretary, iii. 407;
his order depriving neutrals of coasting rights, 416–421 (see
Orders in Council);
dismissed from office, 421; iv. 79.

Hull, Isaac, at Tripoli, ii. 428;
captain in U. S. navy, commands “Constitution,” vi. 364;
his orders, 364;
chased by a British squadron, 369–371;
captures “Guerriere,” 372–375;
takes command at New York, 383.

Hull, William, governor of Michigan Territory, vi. 292;
appointed brigadier-general, 292, 298;
his advice regarding the defence of Detroit, 296;
his march to Detroit, 298;
his loss of papers, 300;
arrives at Detroit, 301;
invades Canada, 302, 317;
his proclamation, 303;
his required campaign, 311;
decides to besiege Malden, 312–314;
sudden discovery of his danger, 314, 315;
evacuates Canada, 315;
his situation at Detroit, 322–329;
his capitulation, 332, 334;
Jefferson’s opinion of, 336, 398;
his proclamation, vii. 32;
criticised by Harrison, 82;
his court-martial, 414, 416;
sentenced to death, 417.

Humbert, Jean Joseph Amable, French general, a volunteer at the
battle of New Orleans, viii. 380.

Humphreys, S. P., captain of the British frigate “Leopard,” iv. 4;
his note to Commodore Barron, 12.

Hunt, Samuel, member of Congress from New Hampshire, ii. 160.

Hunt, Major Seth, sounded by General Wilkinson, iii. 222.

“Hunter,” 10-gun British brig on Lake Erie, vii. 120.

“Hyder Ali,” privateer, viii. 195.

Illinois Territory, population in 1810, i. 289.

Immigration in 1816, ix. 160, 161.

Impeachment (see Pickering and Chase), its political use, i. 256;
Jefferson’s opinion on the use of, ii. 144, 150;
the Senate, in Pickering’s trial, sits as a court of, 153, 154;
the Senate holds insanity no bar to, 155–157;
Giles’s doctrine that the Senate is not a court of, 221, 222;
doctrine of Chase’s counsel that indictable misdemeanors are the
only ground for, 223;
Campbell’s doctrine of an inquest of office for, 224;
theory adopted by the House that a mistake in law is ground for,
225;
Hopkinson’s argument on, 231;
Luther Martin’s argument on, 232;
Nicholson’s view of, 233;
Rodney’s view of, 234;
Jefferson’s view of, as a scarecrow, 243;
Chase’s trial fails to decide the nature of, 244;
a farce, iii. 447;
Marshall threatened with, 466.

Imports (see Exports).

Impressment of seamen, ii. 335 _et seq._, 358, 384, 393, 394, 421,
423;
act of Congress punishing, 397, 420;
severity of, iii. 93, 94;
Monroe instructed to require abandonment of, 400;
Monroe disregards instructions in, 408, 409;
Madison insists on express abandonment of, 422, 429, 432;
Samuel Smith on, 434;
Madison prepares new instructions on, 438;
included in instructions on the “Chesapeake” affair, iv. 39, 45,
47, 162–164;
British proclamation on, 52, 166;
Jefferson’s intentions on, 144, 164, 353;
not a voice raised in 1809 against, v. 74;
little complaint in 1810, 292;
the House refuses to insist upon in February, 1811, 351, 352;
not expressly mentioned by Pinkney, vi. 18;
or in the annual message, 125;
first made a _casus belli_ in the autumn of 1811, 116–118;
treated by House Committee of Foreign Relations, 134, 135;
mentioned by Grundy, 139;
by Madison’s war message, 222;
only obstacle to peace, 430–432, 450–452;
extent of, 451, 452;
cost and value of, vii. 19;
right of, partially conceded by Monroe’s instructions, 47;
abandonment of, a _sine qua non_, 47;
Alexander Baring’s remark on, 343;
abandoned by the Cabinet June 27, 1814, as a _sine qua non_,
viii. 122; ix. 32, 33;
insisted upon by Monroe’s instructions of Jan. 28, 1814, ix. 11.

Inaugural Address, first, of President Jefferson, i. 197, 198;
its fame, 199;
its object, 200;
its view of “the strongest government on earth,” 201, 202;
its ideal of government, 202–207;
its deficiencies, 207–209, 212;
second, of President Jefferson, iv. 1–8;
first, of President Madison, v. 1–4;
second, of President Madison, vii. 33, 34.

India, career of Marquess Wellesley in, v. 266.

Indian corn, i. 58; iv. 254.

Indiana Territory, population in 1810, v. 289;
created in 1800, vi. 68;
its dispute about the introduction of slavery, 75;
adopts second grade of territorial government, 76;
admitted into the Union, ix. 119;
extinction of Indian titles in, 170.
(See Harrison).

Indians, in the United States in 1800, i. 4;
Jefferson’s parallel between Indians and conservatives, iii. 4,
6;
cessions of territory in 1805, 14;
relations of the northwestern, with Canada, 15, 16;
of the southwestern with Florida, 16;
in 1810, v. 318;
in the Northwest, vi. 69;
their condition described by Governor Harrison, 69;
trespasses on their territory, 70;
effects of intoxication upon, 71, 72;
murders committed upon, 72, 73;
Jefferson’s policy toward, 73–75;
Harrison’s treaties with, in 1804 and 1805, 75;
Tecumthe and the Prophet, 78;
Jefferson’s refusal to recognize them as a confederated body, 79;
establishment at Tippecanoe Creek, 79–81;
their hostility to cessions of land, 82, 87;
their land-cession of Sept. 30, 1809, 83, 84;
their outbreak imminent in 1810, 85;
outbreak delayed by British influence, 85;
their interview with Harrison, Aug. 12, 1810, 86–88;
government wishes peace with, 89;
of the Six Nations in Upper Canada, wish to remain neutral, 319;
their employment in war by the British, 320;
murders by, 393, 394;
number of, at Frenchtown, vii. 89;
at the River Raisin, 94, 95, 96;
at the siege of Fort Meigs, 104, 106–108;
at the attack on Fort Stephenson, 109–114;
at Amherstburg, 130;
at the battle of the Thames, 137–139;
in the Creek war, 233, 244, 255;
at Talishatchee, 237;
at Talladega, 238;
at the Hillabee towns, 240, 241;
of the Six Nations in Porter’s brigade at Niagara, viii. 37, 39,
40;
in Riall’s army, 41, 44;
British rations furnished to, in Upper Canada, 92;
to be guaranteed in the northwestern territory by treaty, 268;
ix. 7, 10, 12;
boundary according to the Treaty of Greenville advanced as a
_sine qua non_ at Ghent, 18–20;
boundary abandoned as a _sine qua non_, 25, 27, 28;
amnesty accepted as a basis of peace, 31, 32;
condition of, in 1816, 170.
(See Treaties.)

Infantry, American, First regiment of, at Fort Massac, iii. 290;
in 1813, (New Jersey), vii. 73;
prisoners from, sent to England for trial, 361;
at Lundy’s Lane, viii. 53;
at Fort Erie, 69.

---- Second, at Natchitoches, iii. 311;
at Fort Bowyer, viii. 316, 322;
capitulates, 384.

---- Third (Mississippi and Missouri Territories), at Mobile,
penetrates Creek country, vii. 243;
remains at Mobile, viii. 316, 328, 332.

---- Fourth, ordered to Indiana July, 1811, vi. 92, 93;
arrives, 94;
part of the expedition to Tippecanoe, 96;
losses in the battle, 104;
its share in the battle, 107;
ordered to Detroit, 110;
marches to Detroit, 298;
at the battle of Maguaga, 325;
at the surrender of Detroit, viii. 36, 37.

---- Sixth (New York), prisoners from, sent to England for trial,
vii. 361;
at Plattsburg, viii. 100.

---- Seventh (Kentucky), vii. 73;
at New Orleans, viii. 316, 333;
in the night battle, 344–346, 351.

---- Ninth (Massachusetts), part of Scott’s brigade, viii. 35;
at Chippawa, 42, 43;
at Lundy’s Lane, 50, 52, 56;
its losses, 63;
its strength at Fort Erie, 68;
in the assault on Fort Erie, 75;
in the sortie from Fort Erie, 76;
recruited in Massachusetts, 235.

---- Eleventh (Vermont), part of Scott’s brigade, viii. 35, 236;
at Chippawa, 42;
at Lundy’s Lane, 50, 52, 56;
its losses, 63;
its strength at Fort Erie, 68;
in the sortie from Fort Erie, 87.

---- Twelfth, recruited in Virginia, viii. 235.

---- Thirteenth (New York), at Queenston, vi. 345, 349;
prisoners from, sent to England for trial, vii. 361.

---- Fourteenth (Maryland), Winder’s, vi. 359;
at Beaver Dam, vii. 162, 163.

---- Seventeenth (Kentucky), vii. 76, 87;
at the River Raisin, 88, 90, 91, 95;
at Fort Stephenson, 110;
consolidated with the Nineteenth, viii. 36.

---- Nineteenth (Ohio), at Fort Meigs, vii. 107;
a part of Ripley’s brigade, viii. 36;
defend Fort Erie, 75, 77;
in the sortie, 87, 88.

---- Twentieth, recruited in Virginia, viii. 235.

---- Twenty-first (Massachusetts), Ripley’s, at Chrystler’s Field,
vii. 188;
part of Ripley’s brigade, viii. 36;
carries the British guns at Lundy’s Lane, 54, 55, 236;
its strength at Fort Erie, 69;
holds Snake Hill, 71, 74;
recruited in Massachusetts, 235.

---- Twenty-second (Pennsylvania), part of Scott’s brigade, viii.
35;
at Lundy’s Lane, 52, 56;
its losses, 63;
its strength at Fort Erie, 68.

---- Twenty-third (New York), part of Ripley’s brigade, viii. 36,
37;
breaks the British left at Lundy’s Lane, 54–56;
its strength at Fort Erie, 69;
holds Snake Hill, 71.

---- Twenty-fifth (Connecticut), part of Scott’s brigade, viii. 35,
236;
at Chippawa, 43;
at Lundy’s Lane, 51, 56, 58;
its losses, 63;
at Fort Erie, 68.

---- Thirty-third, recruited in Massachusetts, viii. 235.

---- Thirty-fourth, recruited in Massachusetts, viii. 235.

---- Thirty-fifth, recruited in Virginia, viii. 235.

---- Thirty-ninth (Tennessee), ordered to join Jackson vii. 245,
251;
arrives at Fort Strother, 252;
storms Indian breastwork at the Horse-shoe, 255;
its losses, 256;
at Mobile, viii. 316, 328;
sent to the Appalachicola, 330, 333;
left by Jackson at Mobile, 332.

---- Fortieth, recruited in Massachusetts, viii. 235.

---- Forty-fourth (Louisiana), at Mobile, viii. 316, 328;
ordered to New Orleans, 332, 333;
in the night battle, 344–346, 351.

---- Forty-fifth, recruited in Massachusetts, viii. 235.

Infantry, British, First Regiment of (Royal Scots), viii. 39;
in the battle of Chippawa, 41, 43;
at Lundy’s Lane, 52, 56;
in the assault on Fort Erie, 78;
at the sortie from Fort Erie, 88.

---- Third, at Plattsburg, viii. 101.

---- Fourth, at New Orleans, viii. 347, 353;
in Gibbs’s column, 372, 380.

---- Fifth, at Plattsburg, viii. 101.

---- Sixth, reinforces Drummond at Fort Erie, viii. 80;
at the sortie from Fort Erie, 88.

---- Seventh (Fusileers), at New Orleans, viii. 353;
at the battle of Jan. 8, 1815, 372, 373, 380.

---- Eighth (King’s), at York, vii. 154;
at the capture of Fort George, 158;
part of Riall’s army on the Niagara, viii. 39;
in the battle of Chippawa, 41, 43;
at Lundy’s Lane, 56;
in the assault on Fort Erie, 79;
at Plattsburg, 101.

---- Ninth, at Plattsburg, viii. 102.

---- Thirteenth, at Plattsburg, viii. 101.

---- Sixteenth, on the St. Lawrence, viii. 102.

---- Twenty-first, at Baltimore, viii. 169;
in the night battle at New Orleans, 349;
at Villeré’s plantation, 353;
in the battle of Jan. 8, 1815, 372, 373, 380.

---- Twenty-seventh, at Plattsburg, viii. 101, 102.

---- Thirty-seventh, at Plattsburg, viii. 102.

---- Thirty-ninth, at Plattsburg, viii. 101.

---- Forty-first, at Malden, vi. 312, 314;
with Brock in the attack on Detroit, 332;
with Brock at Queenston, 348, 349, 351;
with Proctor at the River Raisin, vii. 95;
at the siege of Fort Meigs, 106;
at the assault on Fort Stephenson, 112;
on Barclay’s fleet on Lake Erie, 119;
defeated and captured at the battle of the Thames, 136, 137, 140;
at Lundy’s Lane, viii. 56;
at Fort Erie, 68;
repulsed before Black Rock, 69, 70.

---- Forty-third, at New Orleans, viii. 353;
in the battle of Jan. 8, 1815, 372, 373, 380.

---- Forty-fourth, at the attack on Baltimore, viii. 169;
at New Orleans, 354;
in the battle of Jan. 8, 1815, 372, 373, 380.

---- Forty-ninth, Brock’s regiment, vi. 316;
at Montreal, 317, 338;
at Niagara, 348;
at Queenston, 350;
captures Boerstler, vii. 163;
at Chrystler’s Farm, 190;
at Plattsburg, viii. 101.

---- Fifty-seventh, at Plattsburg, viii. 102.

---- Fifty-eighth, at Plattsburg, viii. 102.

---- Seventieth, on the St. Lawrence, viii. 102.

---- Seventy-sixth, at Plattsburg, viii. 101.

---- Eighty-first, at Plattsburg, viii. 102.

---- Eighty-second, reinforces Drummond at Fort Erie, viii. 80;
at the sortie from Fort Erie, 88.

---- Eighty-fifth, in Ross’s army, viii. 129;
leads the attack at Bladensburg, 141;
its losses, 144;
leads the advance to Baltimore, 169;
leads the advance across Lake Borgne to the Mississippi, 338;
in the night battle of Dec. 23, 1814, 347, 348;
ordered to the west bank, 371;
captures Patterson’s battery, 377;
losses of, 378, 379.

---- Eighty-eighth, at Plattsburg, viii. 101.

---- Eighty-ninth, at Chrystler’s Farm, vii. 190;
with Drummond at Niagara, viii. 46;
at Lundy’s Lane, 51, 52, 56;
in the assault on Fort Erie, 79;
at the sortie from Fort Erie, 88.

---- Ninety-third, in the night battle at New Orleans, viii. 350;
at Villeré’s plantation, 354;
in the battle of Jan. 8, 1815, 372, 373;
its losses, 376, 380.

---- Ninety-fifth, in the night battle at New Orleans, viii. 347,
348;
at Villeré’s plantation, 354;
in the battle of Jan. 8, 1815, 372, 373, 380.

---- Ninety-seventh, reinforces Drummond at Fort Erie, viii. 84,
85, 89.

---- One Hundredth, at the attack on Sackett’s Harbor, vii. 165;
with Riall, viii. 39;
at Chippawa, 41, 43.

---- One Hundred and Second, occupies Eastport, viii. 94.

---- One Hundred and Third, with Riall, viii. 39;
at Lundy’s Lane, 50, 60;
in the assault on Fort Erie, 72, 75, 76, 78.

---- One Hundred and Fourth, at the attack on Sackett’s Harbor,
vii. 168;
in the assault on Fort Erie, viii. 72, 75–78.

---- De Meuron’s regiment, at Plattsburg, viii. 101.

---- De Watteville’s regiment (German), reinforces Drummond, viii.
68;
in the assault on Fort Erie, 72, 74, 75;
Drummond’s report on their disaster, 79;
surprised in the sortie from Fort Erie, 87.

---- Royal Newfoundland, at Malden, vi. 312.

---- First West India (colored), at New Orleans, viii. 354;
employed as skirmishers, 372, 373.

---- Fifth West India (colored) at New Orleans, viii. 354;
in the action on the west bank, 371.

Ingersoll, Charles Jared, author of a tragedy, i. 123;
member of Congress from Pennsylvania, attacks Granger, vii. 400;
criticises Calhoun’s plan for a bank, viii. 253;
calls for previous question on the bank bill, 257, 258;
declares the war successful, 278, 279.

Ingersoll, Jared, ii. 259.

Ingham, Samuel Delucenna, member of Congress from Pennsylvania,
opposes Calhoun’s plan of a national bank, viii. 251;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107;
supports protective tariff, 114;
on committee of internal improvement, 148.

Innis, Judge, iii. 274;
denies Daveiss’ motion against Burr, 278;
humiliated by Daveiss and Marshall, 293.

Inns of New England and New York, i. 21.

Inquisitiveness, American, i. 55.

Insane, the, treatment of, in 1800, i. 128.

Insurance, rates of British marine, in 1814, viii. 197–201; ix. 43.

Interior Department, recommended by Madison, ix. 144.

Internal improvements, Jefferson’s recommendation of a fund for,
iii. 2, 346; iv. 364;
his anxiety to begin, iii. 19;
Gallatin’s scheme of, 20;
Gallatin’s report on, iv. 364;
bill for, ix. 149–151;
vetoed, 151, 169.

Invisibles, the, v. 363.

Ireland, coast of, under the dominion of American privateers, viii.
197.

Irving, Peter, editor of the “Morning Chronicle,” i. 121.

Irving, Washington, i. 110;
his “History of New York,” ix. 209–212, 238;
his account of Allston, 214.

Isle aux Noix, British force at, viii. 26.

Isle aux Poix, British base in Lake Borgne, viii. 337, 338.

Izard, George, major-general in U. S. army, his history, vii. 407;
takes command at Plattsburg in May, 1814, viii. 27;
his report on intercourse with the enemy, 93;
fortifies Plattsburg, 97, 98, 108;
suggests moving toward the St. Lawrence, 98;
ordered to move, 98;
his remonstrance, 99;
ordered to Sackett’s Harbor, marches Aug. 29, 1814, 100, 113;
arrives at Batavia, September 27, 114;
his apparent loyalty, 114;
moves on Chippawa, October 13, 115;
his reports of October 16 and 23, 115, 116;
goes into winter quarters, 116;
his mortification, 116;
recommends Brown to command at Niagara, 117;
offers to resign, 117, 118;
his career at an end, 118;
his effectives, 217.

Jackson, Andrew, in 1800, i. 54;
his devotion to Burr, iii. 221, 258;
his unauthorized order of Oct. 4, 1806, to the Tennessee militia,
258;
undertakes the building of boats, etc., for Burr, 274;
to be instructed against Burr, 284;
requires disavowals from Burr, 287;
his letter to Claiborne, 288, 317;
his quarrel with Adair, 288;
at Richmond, attacks Jefferson, 460;
ordered with two thousand men to support the seizure of Florida,
vii. 206, 207;
ordered to dismiss his force, 209;
returns to Tennessee, 210, 216;
recalls his force into service, 235;
penetrates northern Alabama, 236;
attacks Talishatchee, 237;
relieves Talladega, 238;
abandoned by his men, 239;
his campaign to Emuckfaw, 245–248;
his treatment of Cocke and Woods, 252, 253;
captures the Horse-shoe, 254–256;
his treaty with the Creeks, 260, 261;
appointed major-general in the U. S. army, 410, 411;
helpless with militia, viii. 219;
his drafts on the Treasury, 283;
appointed to command military district No. 7, 317;
arrives at Mobile Aug. 15, 1814, 318;
attacks Pensacola, 317–330;
occupies Mobile Point, 319, 322;
his proclamations to the people of Louisiana, 324, 325;
his neglect of New Orleans, 325–334;
leaves Mobile November 22, 331;
arrives at New Orleans December 2, 333;
his military resources, 333, 334;
goes down the river December 4, 335;
hurries back to the city December 15, 336;
surprised December 23, 339;
his measures of defence compared with Winder’s, 340–343;
his military resources at New Orleans, 344–346;
his night attack of December 23, 346–351;
his entrenchments, 352, 354, 355;
his artillery, 358, 361;
contrasted with Pakenham, 353;
his lines at New Orleans, 368–371;
his force, 373, 374;
his account of the rout on the west bank, 377, 378;
Adair’s comments on, 379;
contented to let the British escape, 382;
his remarks on the surrender of Fort Bowyer, 384;
retained on peace establishment, ix. 88;
his arbitrary conduct at New Orleans, 89.

Jackson, Mrs. F. J. v. 115, 157.

Jackson, Francis James, his reputation, ii. 360; v. 96;
British envoy to Denmark, to demand the delivery of the Danish
fleet, iv. 64;
Lord Eldon’s anecdote concerning, 65;
appointed British minister to the United States, v. 97;
his instructions, 99–105;
sails for America, 105;
Gallatin’s expectations from, 111, 117;
arrives at Washington, 115, 116;
his impressions, 117–120;
his negotiation, 120–132;
rupture with, 132;
his anger, 154, 155;
his complaints, 156;
his reception in Baltimore and New York, 157;
discussed before Congress, 176, 178, 179, 182;
his letters from New York and Boston, 212–218;
returns to England, 219;
his treatment by Wellesley, 218, 219, 269, 271, 272;
his influence with the British government, vi. 13;
his account of Pinkney’s “inamicable leave,” 20;
his opinion of Augustus J. Foster, 22;
his death, 22.

Jackson, Jacob, Second Lieutenant of Artillery, commanding at
Chickasaw Bluff, iii. 325.

Jackson, James, senator from Georgia, and the Yazoo sale, i. 305;
ii. 95, 155, 238;
in the Ninth Congress, iii. 126;
declares in favor of an embargo, 149, 176;
his death, 176.

Jackson, John George, member of Congress from Virginia, ii. 211;
replies to Randolph’s attack on Madison, 215;
attacks Quincy in Congress, iii. 196;
opposes war, iv. 378.

Jackson, William, editor of the “Political Register,” ii. 265;
discloses Yrujo’s attempt to use him, 266.

Jacmel, siege of, i. 385.

“Jacob Jones,” privateer, viii. 195.

Jamaica blockaded by American privateers, vii. 13;
rendezvous for British expedition against New Orleans Nov. 20,
1814, 311, 316, 330.

“Java,” British frigate, her action with the “Constitution,” vi.
385, 386;
effect of capture in England, vii. 15, 16.

Jay, Chief-Justice, i. 108;
sent to England by Washington, ii. 323; vii. 43;
negotiates treaty with Lord Grenville, 326.

Jay’s treaty (see Treaties).

Jefferson, Thomas, describes Virginia roads, i. 13;
his agricultural experience, 32;
his aversion to cities, 59, 138, 147;
his aversion to banks, 65; ii. 131;
his political ideals, i 72, 73, 146, 147, 179;
Federalist opinion of, 80 _et seq._, 83, 112, 114;
opposed to manufactures, 138;
chief author of the Kentucky Resolutions, 140 _et seq._;
leader of the Virginia school, 143;
characteristics of, 144 _et seq._;
his political doctrines, 146 _et seq._, 156;
Thomas Moore’s verses on, 167;
visionary, 170;
his ideas of progress, 178, 179;
personal characteristics, 185 _et seq._;
his dress, 187; ii. 366, 405;
social pre-eminence, i. 188;
his inauguration, 191;
his antipathy to Marshall, 192, 194;
purity of his life, 196;
his Inaugural Address, 199 _et seq._;
his conception of government, 210 _et seq._;
his foreign policy, 214 _et seq._;
his Cabinet, 218 _et seq._;
his plans for the navy, 222 _et seq._;
his treatment of patronage, 224, 294;
his New Haven letter, 226;
his first annual message, 248;
his course with regard to the Judiciary, 255 _et seq._;
his abnegation of power, 262;
his power, 266;
his theory of internal politics, 272;
contradictions in his character, 277;
his hopefulness, 307 _et seq._;
as a man of science, 310;
his dislike for New Englanders, 310 _et seq._;
his letter to Paine, 316;
attacked by Callender, 322;
sensitiveness of, 324;
his relations with Callender, 325 _et seq._;
sends Lear to St. Domingo, 389;
ignorant of Bonaparte’s schemes, 403 _et seq._;
his eyes opened, 409;
his letter to Dupont de Nemours, 410;
writes to Livingston defining his position with respect to France
and Spain, 424;
his annual message, 1802, 427;
ignores the war party, 428;
replies to their demand for papers touching the right of
deposit at New Orleans, 430;
quiets the West, 432;
attempts the purchase of New Orleans, 432 _et seq._;
his language to Thornton, 436;
prefers Natchez to New Orleans as a seat of trade, 443;
his apparent inconsistency, 443 _et seq._;
the essence of his statesmanship, 445;
proposes alliance with England, ii. 1, 78;
instructs Pinckney to offer a consideration to Spain for New
Orleans and Florida, 22;
writes a defence of his use of patronage for the Boston
“Chronicle,” 82;
his amendment to the Constitution regarding Louisiana, 83;
his letter to Breckinridge on the subject, 84;
to Paine, 86;
draws up a new amendment, 86;
his reply to W. C. Nicholas, 89;
his message Oct. 7, 1803, 92;
his bill for the administration of Louisiana, 119;
his view of the Louisiana treaty and legislation, 130;
requests Congress to enlarge the Mediterranean force, 140;
interview with Burr, 175;
declines to appoint Burr to an executive office, 176;
his knowledge of Federalist schemes, 192;
his confidence in his popularity, 202;
receives the electoral votes of Massachusetts and New Hampshire,
204;
his message November, 1804, 206;
his disappointment at the acquittal of Justice Chase, 243;
his authority in foreign affairs, 245;
desires to obtain West Florida, 245;
explains to Senator Breckinridge his course toward Spain, 248;
his plan to obtain West Florida, 249;
instructs Monroe with regard to the Spanish claims, 250;
the harvest season of his life, 252;
sends troops to Natchez, 254;
makes no demand for West Florida when Louisiana is delivered,
256;
declares Mobile within the United States, 263;
entertains Yrujo at Monticello, 266;
his conviction of the power of American commercial interests,
330;
anxious for friendship with England, 342;
his intimacy with Thornton, 347;
his opinion of Bonaparte, 347, 353, 381;
decides to maintain the neutral rights of the United States more
strictly, 356;
his social habits, 363;
establishes a new social code, 365;
receives Merry, 366;
invites him to dinner with Pichon, 369;
sends list of impressments to the Senate, 384;
improves his style of dress, 405;
his enemies, 409;
his second inauguration, iii. 1;
his second Inaugural Address, 1–9;
his Cabinet, 10;
result of his Spanish diplomacy, 38, 39;
his letter to Madison respecting Monroe’s mission, 54;
his letter to James Bowdoin respecting the Spanish relations,
57;
writes to Madison respecting procedure with Spain, 61;
suggests a treaty with England, 63;
favors Armstrong’s advice to occupy Texas, 69;
writes to Madison of plan for peaceable settlement by
intervention of France, 75;
his memorandum of a Cabinet meeting on Spanish relations, 77;
the turning-point of his second administration, 80;
his conversation with Merry after the British seizures, 101;
his memorandum of the new Spanish policy, 106;
his aversion to war with England, 108;
his annual message, 1805, 111, _et seq._;
announces his intention to retire at the close of his term, 119;
his Message applauded by the Federalist press, 129;
his secret Spanish message, 130;
preserves secrecy in Congress, 147;
coerced into sending special mission to England, 150, 152, 433;
conciliates opposition in Congress, 165;
warns Monroe against Randolph, 165;
makes advances to Macon, 167;
Randolph’s attack on, 172, _et seq._;
closes American ports to three British cruisers, 200;
his character and position described by Turreau, 205;
asks Bidwell to take the leadership in the House, 207;
his refusal to obey a subpœna, 208, 450;
receives Burr at the White House, 233;
his seeming indifference to Burr’s movements, 266;
his memoranda of the situation, 278;
sends Graham to inquire into Burr’s movements, 281;
orders Wilkinson to use active measures, 284;
issues a proclamation against Burr, 285;
his letter to Secretary Smith regarding naval and military
defences, 332;
obliged to proceed against Burr, 336;
and to defend Wilkinson, 341;
his annual message, December, 1806, 345 _et seq._;
advocates internal improvements, 346;
would abolish the slave-trade, 347;
signs the Act prohibiting the Slave Trade, 365;
defied by Spain, 388;
his instructions to Monroe and Pinkney regarding the treaty, 401
_et seq._;
determined on commercial restrictions, 423;
refuses to submit Monroe’s treaty to the Senate, 430 _et seq._;
offers Monroe the government of Orleans Territory, 435;
his letter to Bowdoin about Spanish perfidy and injustice, 436;
designs to impeach Marshall, 447;
his irritation with Marshall and Burr’s counsel, 450, 453;
supports Wilkinson, 456;
his vexation at Burr’s acquittal, 470;
his proclamation on the Chesapeake affair, iv. 30;
preparations for war, 32;
his instructions to Monroe, 39;
the result of his measures of peaceful coercion, 97;
his genius for peace, 130;
his personal friendship for Monroe, 130;
his confidence in his own theory, 138;
domestic opposition to, insignificant, 145 _et seq._;
his strength in Congress, 147;
the secret of his success, 148;
his annual message, Oct. 27, 1807, 153;
his influence, 155;
his second message concerning the Burr trial, 156;
his policy as to gunboats, 158;
yields to Canning, 163, 164;
writes an embargo message, 168;
signs the Embargo Act, Dec. 22, 1807, 178;
his entreaties to Rose through Robert Smith, 188–191;
asks Congress for an addition of six thousand men to the regular
army, 212;
charged with a subserviency to Napoleon, 228;
issues a proclamation against insurrection on the Canada
frontier, 249;
writes a circular letter to State governors respecting the
surplus of flour in their States, 252;
writes to Governor Sullivan of Massachusetts to stop importing
provisions, 253;
writes to General Dearborn, 256;
his war with the Massachusetts Federalists, 258;
his popularity shattered, 269;
hatred of, in England, 331;
orders Pinkney to offer a withdrawal of the embargo if England
would withdraw the Orders in Council, 333 _et seq._;
his attitude toward Spain, 339;
decides to propose no new measures in view of his approaching
retirement, 356;
his language reported by Pickering, 359;
his last annual message, 361 _et seq._;
advocates public improvements, 364;
desires to maintain the embargo until his retirement, 432;
opposition of Joseph Story and others to, 433;
his letter to Thomas Mann Randolph, 442;
signs the act repealing the embargo, 454;
contradictions of his Presidency, 454;
insulted by the address of the Massachusetts legislature, 457;
his failure to overthrow the New England Federalists, 461;
submits in silence to the repeal of the embargo, 462;
his letter to Dearborn revealing his mortification, 463;
decline of his influence, 464;
appoints William Short minister to Russia, 465;
the nomination rejected by the Senate, 466;
his letter to Short, 468;
his style of life and his debts, 469 _et seq._;
quits Washington, 472;
his address to his fellow-citizens in Virginia, 473;
Turreau’s anger with, v. 34;
Gallatin’s remarks on, 38, 39;
the “National Intelligencer” on, 75;
Randolph’s remarks on, 78;
Robert Smith’s remarks on, 84;
intermediates with Monroe, 161, 162;
expenditures of his administration, 200, 205, 206;
considered too timid by Robert Smith, vi. 48;
his Indian policy, 69, 73–75, 78, 79, 81;
his opinion of William Hull, 336, 398;
his expectation of the conquest of Canada, 337;
his opinion of Van Rensselaer, 398;
his letter of sympathy with Madison, Sept. 24, 1814, viii. 231,
232;
his letter to Monroe on the capture of Washington, 232;
his letter to Short on the defection of Massachusetts, 233;
his plan for providing a paper currency, 245, 246, 247;
declares that more taxes cannot be paid, 248, 255;
thinks it nonsense to talk of regulars, 263;
thinks that the war would have upset the government, 308;
expects the British to hold New Orleans indefinitely, 309;
describes the want of money in Virginia, ix. 60, 61;
denounces the Judiciary, 188;
reverts to his earlier theories, 192;
satirized by Washington Irving, 210, 211;
results of his theories, 226.

Jesup, Thomas Sidney, acting adjutant-general at Detroit, vi. 329;
major of the Twenty-fifth Infantry, viii. 35;
at Chippawa, 42, 43;
at Lundy’s Lane, 50–52, 56;
wounded, 58, 63, 65;
at Hartford, reports on the Convention, 298.

Johnson, James, leads attack at the battle of the Thames, vii. 138.

Johnson, Richard Mentor, member of Congress from Kentucky, his
argument in favor of the embargo, iv. 266;
opposes war, 376;
favors manufactures, v. 197;
denounces the timidity of Congress, 203;
in the Twelfth Congress, vi. 122;
his war speech, 142;
on the dangers of a navy, 164;
on the treason of opposition, 212;
colonel of Kentucky rangers, vii. 129;
crosses into Canada, 132;
his energy, 137;
wins the battle of the Thames, 138, 139;
returns home, 142;
moves previous question on bank bill, viii. 253;
accepts Giles’s militia bill, 274;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107;
author of the compensation bill, 120, 121, 136;
moves for committee on the Compensation Act, 144.

Johnson, Justice William, of South Carolina, issues a mandamus to
compel the collector to clear certain ships, iv. 263.

Jones, Evan, iii. 300.

Jones, Jacob, captain U. S. navy, commands the “Wasp,” vi. 379;
his action with the “Frolic,” 380;
captured, 381;
takes command of the “Macedonian,” 383.

Jones, John Paul, vii. 6.

Jones, Walter, his letter to Jefferson on dissensions in Madison’s
Cabinet, v. 188.