Chapter XXXIV: Appendix: G (1)

GLOUCESTER'S ARMS, BADGES, AND SEALS

I. ARMS

Like his brothers, the Duke of Gloucester adopted the arms of England and France quarterly, but whereas their arms were differentiated with various labels, his own were surmounted with a border argent (Garter Types, College of Arms). At this period the arms of France, as borne by the English Kings, were changed from 'azure semée of fleur de lys or' to 'azure three fleur de lys or,' and this is the only difference which marks Humphrey's arms from those of a predecessor in the Gloucester title, Thomas of Woodstock. Nicholas Upton, a follower and friend of Humphrey, describes his arms as follows: 'Portat Integra Arma Francie et Anglie Quarteriata, Cum Una Bordura Gobonata De Argento et Nigro ... Il port lez Armes de Fraunce et D'engleterre quarterlez ovesque ung bordure gobone d'argent et d'asor' (Nicholaus Uptonus, _De Studio Militari_, London, 1654, p. 238). This is not strictly accurate, as the border was argent only. These arms were carved on the Duke's tomb at St. Albans with their supporters, antelopes gorged and chained, and the shields were alternately 'ensigned' with his ducal coronet on his cap of estate, and with his crest, 'a Lyon passant guardant crowned and accolled.' This part of the tomb is so mutilated that all the crests are gone; and only fragments of the other heraldic adornments remain (cf. Sandford, _Genealogical History_, p. 307; Gough, _Sepulchral Monuments_ (London, 1776), vol. ii. part III. p. 142).

Gloucester does not seem to have altered his armorial bearings after his marriage to Jacqueline of Hainault, for a seal attached to a charter in the archives of Mons seems to be the same one he had hitherto used (_Cartulaire_, iv. 440). After his marriage with Eleanor Cobham, however, he impaled the Cobham arms with his own, of which we have two recorded instances. In the east window of the church of Cobham in Kent there stood his arms 'in two several places, dimediated with those of the Duchess Eleanor Cobham' (Sandford, _Genealogical History_, p. 308), and they appeared in a similar form in a window of Greenwich Church before its destruction. A reproduction of this east window is to be found as the headpiece to the preface of the old catalogue of manuscripts in the Bodleian Library at Oxford (_Catalogi Librorum Manuscriptorum_, Oxford, 1697), and the following description thereof was written in 1695: 'An Helmet and crest with Mantles, and the Antelopes holding it up with Humphrey Duke of Gloucester kneeling, and his Arms, scilt. quarterly France and England within a bordure argent on one side, and the same arms impaling Cobham, viz., Gules on a Cheveron or, three Estoils sable, on the other side, a good distance from him; stand all in one of the south windows near the Belfry of Greenwich Church' (Tanner MS., 24, f. 107). The manuscript also contains a rough drawing of the window, as is also the case in an Ashmole record written about 1659, which gives the same information, though at less length (Ashmole MS., 1121, f. 228). Humphrey, it will be noticed, used as one of his supporters an antelope, which had been borne by Henry IV., and had appeared on the trappings of his horse in the Lists of Coventry (Tyler, _Henry of Monmouth_, p. 30). It appears from a manuscript in the Heralds' College that his supporters were to the Dexter a Greyhound argent collared and leashed or, to the Sinister an Heraldic Antelope argent Ducally gorged and chained or (Heralds' College MS., 14, f. 105, B.).

II. BADGES

Humphrey bore no less than three badges. From a political song, written probably about 1449, it appears that he was known by the title of 'the Swan,' a name taken from the badge he had adopted from his Bohun ancestors. In the course of the poem the phrase 'the Swanne is goone' appears, and in a different though contemporary hand the word 'Gloucetter' is written above the word 'Swanne' (_Political Songs_, ii. 221. Cf. _Excerpta Historica_, p. 161)

The second badge was on a shield sable three ostrich feathers argent surrounded by the Garter and supported to the Dexter by the Greyhound, to the Sinister by the Antelope. (Window in Greenwich Church, College of Arms MS., L. 14, 105, B.) These appear in the Greenwich window (Ashmole MS., 1121, f. 228. Cf. _Archæologia_, xxxi. 368), though from impressions of his seal he seems then only to have used two feathers. (Seal described in Cartulaire, iv. 440, and Seal attached to British Museum, _Additional Charters_, 6000.)

The third badge has a particular interest. It is found at frequent intervals on the St. Albans tomb, and it appears in a slightly different form in other places. It seems to represent a cup with sprays of some plant issuing from the top. On the tomb the sprays look like daisies or their foliage, whereas in drawings of this same badge that occur in several manuscripts in the College of Arms and elsewhere, they seem to be laurels. They vary, too, as to the number of sprays. On the tomb there are seven or eight in each cup, whilst in the extant drawings, which date mostly from the seventeenth century, they vary from one to three (College of Arms, Garter Types and Badges, and MS., L. 14, f. 105, B.). Gough thought that this badge was the rebus of Wheathampsted, and represented wheat sheaves (Gough, _Sepulchral Monuments_, vol. ii. part III. p. 142). This, however, is disproved by the fact that it was not Wheathampsted who built the Duke's tomb, and it was unlikely that Abbot Stoke would put his predecessor's mark on a monument built by himself, and secondly by an entry which we find in more than one place under the drawings of the cup, which reads, 'Humfrey Duke of Gloucester bare this cup with a Laurell branch, in the respect he bore to Learning' (College of Arms, Miscellanea Curiosa, i. 105, B. Cf. Ashmole MS., 1121, f. 227).

III. SEALS

There are few impressions of Gloucester's seal still surviving. In the British Museum there is attached to a warrant a very small seal bearing the Duke's coat of arms and round it the motto 'Loyalle et Belle' (_Additional Charters_, xxxvi. 146). This is the only evidence to prove the use of this motto by the Duke, save some rather inconclusive remarks on the fly-leaf of one of his manuscripts (Sloane MS., 248). A larger impression is attached to a grant of custody given by Gloucester and dated September 22, 1426 (_Additional Charters_, 6000). This seal is in fairly good preservation and on one side bears the Duke's arms between two feathers and surmounted by a cap, on the other a representation of the Duke himself holding a drawn sword and riding on a horse.

In the Mons archives attached to a charter granted by Gloucester there is a round seal which is described as follows: 'Il represente un ecu ecartele aux 1 et 4 a trois fleurs de lis et aux 2 et 3 trois lions passants, surmounté d'un heaume qui a pour cimier un léopard, et accosté de deux plumes; supports: deux beliers.' The legend runs: 'Sigilu. Humfridi. filii et fratris. regis. ducis Glocestrie. comitis Pembr. et camerarii Anglie' (_Cartulaire_ iv. 440).

Two more seals are preserved amongst the deeds in Magdalen College, Oxford. Both are attached to warrants issued by Gloucester in his capacity of Chief Keeper of the King's Forests on this side of the river Trent. The first is a round brown seal bearing the ducal arms within a border of antlers rising from a deer's head. Above is the figure of an heron, which with the antlers were the signs of this particular office. The inscription so far as it can be read runs: 'S. H. duc Glouc ... Angl ac just. et capit. cust. forestr' (_Magdalen College Deeds_, Selborne, 112; cf. Selborne, 115). The second is a seal of green wax, hollow on the reverse, and though much broken, still reveals the stag's head and antlers surrounding Gloucester's arms (_Magdalen College Deeds_, Shotover, 4).

SOURCES AND AUTHORITIES

_I. PRINTED BOOKS_

DOCUMENTS AND ORIGINAL LETTERS
CITED AS

Rotuli Parliamentorum. London, 1767-77. _Rot. Parl._
Comprises Petitions, Pleas, and Proceedings in
Parliament, 1278-1503.

Proceedings and Ordinances of the Privy Council _Ordinances._
(1386-1542). Ed. by Sir H. N. Nicolas. London,
1834-37.

Rotuli Scotiae in Turri Londiniensi asservati. _Rot. Scot._
London, 1814-19.

Calendarium Rotulorum Patentium in Turri _Cal. Rot. Pat._
Londiniensi. London, 1802.

This calendar only contains excerpts from the
Patent Rolls. The new calendars published
do not as yet include the important periods of
the Duke of Gloucester's life.

Issues of the Exchequer. Collected by Frederick _Devon, Issue
Devon. London, 1837. Roll._

Calendar of Norman Rolls:--

For the year 1417. Rotuli Normanniae, vol. i. _Rot. Norm._
(all published). Ed. by T. D. Hardy. London,
1835.

For the year 1418 and onwards. Reports of the _Cal. of Norman
Deputy Keeper of the Public Records. Nos. 41 Rolls._
and 42. Appendices. London, 1880, 1881.

Calendar of the French Rolls. Reports of the _Cal. of French
Deputy Keeper of the Public Records. Nos. 44 Rolls._
and 48. Appendices. London, 1883, 1887.

Catalogue des Rolles Gascons, Normans et Français. _Carte._
By Thomas Carte. London, 1743.
Certain selections from these rolls only.

Reports of the Lords' Committees touching the _Lords' Reports._
Dignity of a Peer of the Realm. London, 1829.

Foedera Conventiones Litterae et cujuscumque Acta _Rymer._
Publica inter Reges Angliae et alios. Collected
by Thomas Rymer. Third ed. by George Holmes.
'Hagae comitis apud Joannem Neaulme.' 1745.
Miscellaneous documents illustrative of
English History.

Memorials of London. Extracts from the early _Memorials of
Archives of the City of London, 1276-1419. By London._
H. T. Riley. London, 1868.

Collection Générale des Documents Français. _Delpit, Doc. Fr._
Publiés par Jules Delpit. Paris, 1847.
Documents drawn mainly from the Archives of
the City of London.

Testamenta Vetusta. By Sir Harris Nicolas. London, _Test. Vetust._
1868.

A collection of Ancient Wills, from Henry V. to
Elizabeth inclusive.

Excerpta Historica. Ed. by Samuel Bentley. London, _Excerpta
1831. Historica._
Miscellaneous documents, collected from various
sources; published originally in four parts
during 1830, but unfortunately discontinued
owing to a lack of support.

Rechnungen über Heinrich von Derby's _Prutz._
Preussenfahrten, von Dr. Hans Prutz. Leipzig,
1893.
Accounts of Henry's Treasurer. A similar
volume has been edited by the Camden
Society by Lucy Toulmin Smith.

Ordinances for the Government of the Household, _Ordinances of the
Liber Niger Domus Regis Edwardi quarti. London, Household._
1790.

Preuves de l'Histoire de Bourgogne. In vol. iv. of _Plancher,
Histoire Générale de Bourgoyne par Urbain Preuves._
Plancher. Dijon, 1781.

Particularités Curieuses sur Jacqueline de Bavière, _Particularités
Comtesse de Hainaut. Première Partie ed. by Curieuses._
A. D. No. 7 des Publications de la Société des
Bibliophiles de Mons. Mons, 1838.
Extracts from the Register of the City of Mons.

Cartulaire des Contes de Hainaut. Vols, iv., v., _Cartulaire._
vi. Bruxelles, 1889-96. Collections des
Chroniques Belges inédites.
A collection of documents taken from the
various city registers and other sources.

Beiträge zur Geschichte der Jakobäa von Bayern. _Beiträge._
In Abhandlungen der Historischen Classe der
Königlichen Bayerischen Akademie der
Wissenschaften. Band x. Munich, 1867. Erste
Abtheilung (1401-26), pp. 1-112. Zweite
Abtheilung (1426-36), pp. 205-336.
A miscellaneous collection of extracts from
documents and chroniclers.

Aus der Kanzlei Kaiser Sigismunds. Urkundliche
Beiträge zur Geschichte des Constanzer Concils.
Herausgegeben von J. Caro in Archiv für
Oestreichische Geschichte. Vol. 59. Vienna, 1880.
Contains some documents relating to Sigismund's
visit in England.

Concilia Magnae Britanniae et Hiberniae. By David _Wilkin's,
Wilkins. London, 1737. Concilia._
A collection of letters and documents relating
to ecclesiastical matters.

Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers, _Papal Letters._
illustrating the History of Great Britain and
Ireland. Papal Letters. Vol. vii. London, 1906.

Letters and Papers illustrative of the Wars of the _Stevenson,
English in France during the reign of Henry VI. Letters and
Ed. by J. Stevenson. Rolls Series, No, 22. Papers._
London, 1861-64.

Registrum Abbatiae T. Whethamstede. Ed. by H. T. _Whethamstede._
Riley. Rolls Series, No. 28. London, 1872-73.

Munimenta Academica. Ed. by Henry Anstey. Rolls _Munimenta Acad._
Series, No. 50. London, 1898.
Documents illustrative of Life and Studies at
Oxford.

Epistolae Academicae Oxon. (Registrum F.) Ed. by _Epist. Acad._
H. Anstey. (Oxford Historical Society.) Oxford,
1898.

The Paston Letters. Ed. by J. Gairdner. London, _Paston Letters._
1872-75.

Official Correspondence of Thomas Beckington. _Beckington
Ed. by G. Williams. Rolls Series, No. 56. Correspondence._
London, 1872.

Æneae Sylvii Piccolominei, Opera quae extant omnia. _Æn. Sylv.,
Basel, 1851. Opera._

Leonardi Bruni Aretini Epistolarum, Libri viii. _Leonardi Bruni
Ed. by Lorenzo Metus. Florence, 1741. Epistolae._

Original Letters illustrative of English History. _Ellis, Letters._
Ed. by Sir Henry Ellis. Three Series. London,
1825-45.

The English Historical Review:-- _Eng. Hist.
Vol. x. 1895. Correspondence of Humphrey, Duke Review._
of Gloucester. Ed. by Bishop
Creighton.

Vol. xix. 1904. Correspondence of Humphrey, Duke
of Gloucester. Ed. by Mario
Borsa.

Vol. xx. 1905. Correspondence of Humphrey, Duke
of Gloucester. Ed. by W. L.
Newman, D. Litt.

Archivio Storico Lombardo. Vol. x. Anno xx. _Archivio
Milan, 1893. Lombardo._
Pier Candido Decembri e L'Umanesimo in Lombardia,
da Mario Borsa. Contains some original
letters printed in an appendix.

Veterum scriptorum et monumentorum amplissima _Amplissima
collectio. Ed. by Martène and Durand. Paris, Collectio._
1724-33.

Reports of the Historical Manuscripts Commission. _Hist. MSS. Rep._
London. Various dates.
Cited under the Number of their Report.

Political Poems and Songs. Ed. by Thomas Wright. _Polit. Songs._
Rolls Series, No. 14. London, 1861.

CONTEMPORARY CHRONICLERS WHO WROTE IN ENGLAND

Annales Henrici Quarti Regis Angliae. In H. T. _Annales Henrici
Riley's Johannis de Trokelowe Chronicon and Quarti._
others. Rolls Series, No. 28. London, 1886.

Incerti Scriptoris Chronicon Angliae de regnis trium
regum. Lancastrensium. Ed. by John Allen Giles.
London, 1848.
Certainly not all by the same author. The
Chronicle of Henry V.'s reign stops at 1416,
and is the same as the Gesta Henrici Quinti
below. The most valuable of the three is the
Chronicle of Henry VI.'s reign, probably
written by a contemporary and a cleric, and
therefore having numerous references to church
matters.
1st chronicle, _Chron. Henry IV._
3rd chronicle, _Chron. Henry VI._

Gesta Henrici Quinti. Ed. by Benjamin Williams. _Gesta._
London, 1850.
The first part of this Latin Chronicle down to
1417 was written by a chaplain in Henry's
army, being the same chronicle as Nicolas
translated at the end of his 'Battle of
Agincourt.' The continuation is by some other
chronicler, and is largely borrowed from
Elmham.

A 'Chronique de Normandie' is printed at the end _Chronique de
of this chronicle, and is attributed to George Normandie._
Chastellain by the Editor, though this has been
denied. It is, however, obviously written by a
contemporary.

Vita et gesta Henrici Quinti Anglorum Regis, by _Elmham, Vita._
Thomas de Elmham. Ed. by Thomas Hearne.
Oxford, 1727.
Elmham was a monk of St. Augustine's, Canterbury,
of which he was treasurer in 1407, and
ultimately became Prior of Lenton, Notts. He
died some time during the reign of Henry VI.
The attribution to him of this chronicle is
doubted.

Titi Livi Foro-Juliensis Vita Henrici Quinti. Ed. _Livius._
by Thomas Hearne. Oxford, 1716.
Written at the suggestion of the Duke of
Gloucester by an Italian attached to his
household. The chronology is not always
quite accurate.

Wilhelmi Wyrcester Annales Rerum Anglicarum, _William of
1324-1491. In Hearne's Liber Niger Scaccarii. Worcester._
Vol. ii. Oxford, 1774.

App. ix. excerpti Gilbert Kymeri. Dietarium de
Sanitatis Custodia.

Historia Anglicana, by Thomas Walsingham. Ed. by _Walsingham, Hist.
H. T. Riley. Rolls Series, No. 28. London, 1864. Angl._
Walsingham was one of the St. Albans
Chroniclers, and wrote about 1430.

Ypodigma Neustriae, by Thomas Walsingham. Ed. _Walsingham,
by H. T. Riley. Rolls Series, No. 28. London, Ypodigma
1876. Neustriae._

Chronica Regum Angliae, by Thomas Otterbourne. _Otterbourne._
Ed. by T. Hearne. 1732.
A very brief record of events.

Annales Monasterii S. Albani a J. Amundesham. Ed.
by H. T. Riley. Rolls Series, No. 28. London,
1870.

Contains--
(1) 'Chronicon Rerum Gestarum in Monasterio _St. Albans
S. Albani,' by an unknown author. It Chron._
covers the years 1421-31.

(2) Annales of Amundesham. _Amundesham,
Amundesham was Prior of Gloucester Hall Annales._
at Oxford. His Annales extend to the
year 1440.

Historiae Croylandensis Continuatio. Printed by _Hist. Croyland.
Thomas Gale in vol. i. of Rerum Anglicarum Contin._
Scriptores Veteres. Oxford, 1604.
An unknown chronicler of the monastic house of
Croyland.

Memorials of Henry V., King of England. Ed. by
C. A. Cole. London, 1858.

Contains--
(1) Vita Henrici Quinti. Roberto Redmano _Redmayne._
Auctore.
Redmayne wrote in the early part of
the sixteenth century.

(2) Elmhami Liber Metricus de Henrico _Elmham, Liber
Quinto. Metricus._

Liber de Illustribus Henricis, by John Capgrave. _Capgrave, De
Ed. by F. C. Hingeston. Rolls Series, No. 7. Illustr. Hen._
London, 1858.
Capgrave was an inmate of the Augustinian
monastery of Lynn in Norfolk, and was a friend
of the Duke of Gloucester.

Chronicle of England, by John Capgrave. Ed. by _Capgrave, Chron.
F. C. Hingeston. Rolls Series, No. 1. London, of Eng._
1858.
The Chronicle does not go further than the year
1417.

The Historical Collections of a London Citizen. Ed,
by James Gairdner. Camden Society, 1876.

Contains--

(1) Poem on the Siege of Rouen, by John Page. _John Page._
The author was present at the siege.

(2) Lydgate's verses on the Kings of England.

(3) William Gregory's Chronicle of London. _Gregory._
Begun by Gregory, but probably
continued by another writer.

A Chronicle of London from 1089-1483. London, _Lond. Chron._
1827.
One of the series of London Chronicles of which
Gregory's Chronicle is another. Lydgate's poem
on the Battle of Agincourt is printed in the
Appendix.

Chronicles of London. Edited, with an Introduction,
by C. H. Kingsford. Oxford, 1905. [See
Manuscript Authorities, British Museum, p. 472.]

An English Chronicle of the Kings' reigns from
Richard II. to Henry VI. Ed. by J. S. Davies.
Camden Society, No. 64. London, 1856. Contains--

(1) A Chronicle founded on the English _Eng. Chron._
Chronicle called the Brut by an unknown
author who must have died between 1461
and 1471. It was used by Stow in his
'Annals.'

(2) An account of the Parliament of Bury held _Richard Fox._
in 1447 and the death of the Duke of
Gloucester, by Richard Fox of St. Albans,
who wrote it probably within a few months
of the events recorded.

Three Fifteenth-century Chronicles. Ed. by James
Gairdner. Camden Society. London, 1880.
Contains--

(1) A Short English Chronicle. Written _Short Eng.
probably about the time when it ends, Chron._
1465. Not very full till Jack Cade's
Rebellion.

(2) Historical Memoranda in the handwriting of _Stow Memoranda._
John Stow. Evidently copies of the
original documents.

(3) Brief Notes in a late fifteenth-century _Brief Notes._
hand. Probably written by a monk of Ely.

(4) A Short Latin Chronicle. By an unknown _Brief Lat.
compiler who lived in the time of Henry Chron._
VI. and Edward VI.

The Chronicle of John Hardyng, with the _Hardyng._
continuation of Richard Grafton. Ed. by
H. Ellis. London, 1812.
Hardyng was a servant of the Percys, and after
Shrewsbury of Sir Robert Umfravile, whom he
accompanied in the Agincourt campaign.

A Latin Journal of the 1415 campaign is inserted _Hardyng's
in the above at the end of the reign of Henry V. Journal._

Caxton's edition and continuation of Higden's _Higden._
Chronicle 'In the Abbey of Westminster ...
Accomplished the V day of August the yere ...
MCCCCLXXX.'
Higden died in 1370. The continuator was
probably not Caxton.

Polychronicon. Imprented in Southwerke for John _Polychronicon._
Rey, 1527.
An English Chronicle founded on the 'Brut,' and
brought up to date.

CONTEMPORARY FOREIGN CHRONICLERS

Chroniques de Enguerrand de Monstrelet. Ed. _Monstrelet._
Buchon. Paris, 1826-27.
A Burgundy in sympathy, Monstrelet continued
the Chronicles of Froissart. He died in 1453.

Recueil des croniques et anchiennes istories de la _Waurin._
Grant Bretaigne, a present nomme Engleterre, par
Jehan de Waurin. Ed. by Sir Will. Hardy. Roll
Series, No. 39--

Vol. ii. 1399-1422. London, 1868.
Vol. iii. 1422-1431. London, 1874.
Vol. iv. 1431-1447. London, 1884.
Vol. v. 1447-1471. London, 1891.

Waurin copies much from Monstrelet. He was
present at Agincourt, and also was an
eye-witness of Gloucester's inroad into
Flanders in 1436.

Chronique des Ducs de Burgoyne, par Georges _Chastellain._
Chastellain, Ed. Buchon. Paris, 1827.
A Burgundy chronicler very hostile to England.
He possesses a far more literary style than
the other chroniclers of the time who wrote
in French. He lived from 1403 to 1475.

Mémoires de Pierre de Fénin. Ed. Buchon. Paris, _Pierre de Fénin._
1838.
A native of Artois who died in 1433.

Chronique du Religieux de Saint Denys. Ed. by _St. Denys._
M. L. Bellaguet. Collection de Documents inédits
sur l'Histoire de France. Paris, 1852.
A contemporary French chronicler whose work
comprises the years 1380-1422.

Chronique de Jean Le Fevre Seigneur de St. Rémy. _St. Rémy._
Ed. Buchon. Paris, 1838.
Le Fevre was in the English army at Agincourt.
His chronicle has much in common with those
of Monstrelet and Waurin, from whom he often
seems to quote.

Chroniques de Mathieu de Coussy. Ed. Buchon. _Mathieu de
Paris, 1838. Coussy._
An Hainaulter who wrote in the fifteenth
century.

La Chronique Normande de P. Cochon. Ed. M. _Cochon._
Vallet de Veriville. Paris, 1859.

Chronique des Pays Bas de France, d'Angleterre _Chronique des
et de Tournai, in vol. iii. of Recueil des Pays Bas._
Chroniques de Flandre. Brussels, 1856.
A very brief chronicle of events.

Histoire de Charles VI., by Jean Juvenal des _Des Ursins._
Ursins. Paris, 1850.
This author lived from 1388 to 1473.

Historiarum de Rebus A. Carlo Septimo Francorum _Basin._
Rege et suo tempore in Gallia gestis, by Thomas
Basin. Ed. J. Quicherat. Paris, 1855.
Basin was born in 1412. He visited England on
an embassy to the Duke of York, where he also
came in contact with the chief English nobles
such as Suffolk, Somerset, and Talbot.

Chronica Nobilissimorum Ducum Lotharingiae et _Dynter._
Brabantiae ac Regum Francorum, auctore Magistro
Edmundo de Dynter. Ed. by P. F. X. de Ram.
Brussels, 1854-57.
Dynter was private secretary to John of Brabant,
and therefore a valuable authority on the
history of the Jacqueline marriage.

Das Leben König Sigmunds von Eberhard Windeck. _Windeck._
Uebersetzt von Dr. von Hagen. Leipzig, 1886.
Windeck was Sigismund's secretary, and
accompanied him to England.

LATER CHRONICLERS

The Customs of London, otherwise called Arnold's _Arnold's Chron._
Chronicle. London, 1811.
First published about 1502.

The New Chronicles of England and France, by _Fabyan._
Robert Fabyan. Ed. by Henry Ellis. London,
1811.
Fabyan was a Londoner, who died about 1511.

The English History of Polydore Vergil, from an _Polydore Vergil._
early translation. Ed. by Sir Henry Ellis.
Camden Society, 1844.
Polydore was a native of Urbino, and was born
in the latter half of the fifteenth century.
He came to England as a subcollector of
Peter's Pence in 1502.

The Pastime of People (1529), by John Rastell. _Rastell._
Ed. by T. F. Dibdin. London, 1811.

Hall's Chronicle, from Henry IV. to Henry VIII. _Hall._
London, 1809.
Originally published in 1548. Based on
documents, and especially useful for the
proceedings in the Parliament of 1426. Edward
Hall died in 1547.

Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by _Holinshed._
Raphael Holinshed. London, 1808.
Holinshed published his Chronicles in 1557.

The History of Great Britain, by John Speed. _Speed._
London, 1611.
Speed lived from 1550 to 1629.

Annales, or A General Chronicle of England, begun _Stow._
by John Stow, and continued down to 1631 by
Edmund Howes. London, 1631.
Stow died in 1605 before his Chronicle was
published.

MISCELLANEOUS AUTHORITIES

The Governance of England, by Sir John Fortescue. _Plummer's
Ed. by C. Plummer. Oxford, 1885. Fortescue._

Ægidii Columerae Romani De Regimine Principum _Ægidius, De
Libri Tres. Romae, 1607. Regimine
Egidius was tutor to Philip le Bel of France Principum._
when he was Dauphin, for whom this treatise
was written.

England and France in the Fifteenth Century, 'The _Heralds' Debate._
Debate between the heralds of France and
England,' attributed to Charles, Duke of Orleans.
Translated by H. Pyne. London, 1870.
Supposed to have been written by the Duke of
Orleans while a captive in England.

De Viris Illustribus, by Æneas Sylvius _Æneas Sylvius, De
Piccolomineus. Strasburg, 1842. Viris
Records of certain celebrities of his time by Illustribus._
Pope Pius II.

De Rebus Britannicis Collectanea, by John Leland. _Leland,
London, 1774. Collectanea._

Antient Funerall Monuments of Great Britain and _Weever, Ancient
Ireland, by John Weever. London, 1767. Funeral
Monuments._

History from Marble, by T. Dingley. Camden _History from
Society, 1867. Marble._

The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe, Fourth _Foxe._
edition. By the Rev. E. Pratt, N.D. London.

Monasticon Anglicanum, by Sir William Dugdale. _Dugdale,
6 vols. London, 1819. Monasticon._

Britannia, by William Camden. Translation and _Camden's
additions by Richard Gough. London, 1789. Britannia._

Anglia Sacra, by Henry Wharton. London, 1691. _Wharton, Anglia
A collection of biographies of the Archbishops Sacra._
and Bishops of the English Church.

The State of the Church and Clergy, by William _Wake._
Wake. London, 1703.

Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury, by W. F. _Hook._
Hook. London, 1867.

History of the Abbey of St. Albans, by the Rev. _Newcome._
Peter Newcome. London, 1793-95.

Projet d'Assassinat de Philippe le Bon par les _Desplanque,
Anglais, par M. H. Desplanque. In Mémoires Projet
Couronnés par l'Académie Royale de Belgique. d'Assassinat._
Vol. 32. Brussels, 1867.

Das Bundniss von Canterbury, by Jacob Caro. _Caro, Bundniss
Gotha, 1880. von Canterbury._

Lives of Nottinghamshire Worthies, by Cornelius
Brown. London, 1882.
W. H. Stevenson's article on Ralph, Lord
Cromwell.

Statutes of the Order of the Bath, with _Anstis, Order of
Introductory Essay by John Anstis. London, 1725. the Bath._

The Register of the Most Noble Order of the _Anstis, Order of
Garter. Ed. by John Anstis. London, 1724. the Garter._

Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, _Beltz._
by George Frederick Beltz. London, 1841.

Historical Tracts, by Joseph Hunter. No. 1. _Hunter's Hist.
'Agincourt.' 1850. Tracts._
Contains a list of the commanders and their
escorts taken from an old Muster Roll.

History of the Battle of Agincourt, by Sir H. N. _Nicolas,
Nicolas. London, 1832. Agincourt._

Contains Muster Rolls of the English Army in
an Appendix.

Chronicles of London Bridge, by an Antiquary. _Chronicles of
London, 1827. London Bridge._
Now known to be by Richard Thompson.

The Baronage of England, by William Dugdale. _Dugdale._
London, 1675-76.

The Historic Peerage of England, by Sir H. N. _Nicolas,
Nicolas. London, 1887. Peerage._

The Official Baronage of England, by James E. _Doyle._
Doyle. London, 1886.

A Genealogical History of the Kings of England _Sandford,
from 1066-1677, by Francis Sandford. In the Genealogical
Savoy, 1677. Hist._

BOOKS ILLUSTRATING THE HISTORY OF LITERATURE

The Middle-English Translation of Palladius De Re _Palladius._
Rustica. Ed. by Mark Liddell. Berlin, 1896.

Vite di Uomini Illustri del Sec. XV., scritte da _Vespasiano._
Vespasiano da Bisticci. Florence, 1859.
The compilation of the famous fifteenth-century
Florentine bookseller.

Scriptorum Illustrium majoris Brytanniae Catalogus _Bale._
Auctore Joanne Baleo. Basle, 1559.

De Rebus Britannicis Collectanea, by John Leland. _Leland,
London, 1774. Collectanea._

Commentarii de Scriptoribus Britannicis, by John _Leland,
Leland. Oxford, 1709. Commentarii._

Relationum Historicarum de Rebus Anglicis Joannis _Pits._
Pitsei Tomus Primus (all published). Paris, 1619.

Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica, by Thomas _Tanner, Bibl.
Tanner. London, 1748. Brit._

Die Wiederbelebung des Classischen Alterthums, _Voigt._
von Georg Voigt. Berlin, 1881.

Geschichte der Classichen Litteratur in _Heeren._
Mittelalter, von A. H. L. Heeren. Göttingen,
1822.

Histoire Littéraire du Peuple Anglais, by J. J.
Jusserand. Paris, 1894. London, 1895.

History of English Poetry, by Thomas Warton. Ed. _Warton._
by W. Carew Hazlitt. London, 1871.

De Studiis Literariis Medislanensium, Auctore _Sassi, De
Joseph Antonio Saxio. Milan, 1729. Studiis
Literariis._

Historia Literario-typographica Mediolanensis, _Sassi, Historia
Auctore Joseph Antonio Saxio. Milan, 1745. Literario-
typographica._

Della Letteratura Veronese al cadere del Secolo _Giuliari._
XV. e Delle sue opere a stampa. Per il Conte
Giovanni Battista Carlo Giuliari. Bologna, 1876.

Renaissance in Italy, by John Addington Symonds.
London, 1901.

Studji sulle Opere Latine del Boccaccio, by _Hortis._
Attilio Hortis. Trieste, 1879.

Cent Dix Lettres grecques de François Filelfe. _Cent Dix Lettres
Translation et notes de Emile Legrand. Paris, grecques._
1892.

Le Cabinet des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque
Impériale, par Léopold Delisle. Paris, 1868.

Romania, edited by Paul Meyer and Gaston Paris, _Romania._
vol. XV. Paris, 1886.
_Article_ Les Manuscrits Français de Cambridge,
by P. Meyer.

The Athenæum Journal, November 17, 1888. _Athenæum._
Article on a manuscript translation of Palladius
'De Re Rustica' in the Library of Earl
Fitzwilliam at Wentworth-Woodhouse.

A Catalogue of Editions of Aristotle's Nicomachean
Ethics, printed in the fifteenth century. By Henry
W. Chandler. Privately printed (twenty-five copies).
Oxford, 1868.

Early Dedications to Englishmen by Foreign Authors _Bibliographica._
and Editors in Bibliographica, by W. D. Macray.
Vol. i. Part III. London, 1895.

Facsimiles of Manuscripts and Inscriptions. Ed. by
E. A. Bond, E. Maunde Thompson, and C. J. Warner.
Second Series. London, 1889-94.

The History and Antiquities of the Colleges and _Wood, History of
Halls in the University of Oxford, by Anthony the Antiquities
Wood. Edited and translated by J. Gutch. Oxford, of the University
1786. of Oxford._
Fasti Oxoniensis. Appendix volume to above.
Oxford, 1790.

Annals of the Bodleian, by W. D. Macray. Second _Macray, Annals
edition. Oxford, 1890. of Bodleian._

Pietas Oxoniensis, in memory of Sir Thomas Bodley,
Knight. October 1902.

A History of the University of Oxford to the year
1530, by H. C. Maxwell-Lyte. London, 1886.

Froissart. Étude Littéraire sur le 14me siècle, par
M. Kervyn de Lettenhove. Paris, 1857.

The Italian Renaissance in England, by Lewis _Einstein._
Einstein. New York, 1902.

MODERN HISTORIES AND BIOGRAPHIES

Lancaster and York, by Sir James Ramsay. Oxford, _Ramsay._
1892.

The Constitutional History of England, by Bishop _Stubbs._
Stubbs. Oxford, 1878.

The History of England, 1377-1485, by C. Oman
(vol. iv. of The Political History of England).
London, 1906.

Geschichte von England, von Dr. R. Pauli. Gotha,
1858.

The History of England during the Middle Ages, by _Sharon-Turner._
Sharon-Turner. London, 1853.

General History of England (to 1654), by Thomas _Carte, Hist. of
Carte. London, 1747-55. Eng._

Biographical History of England, by J. Granger.
London, 1775.

Henry V., by C. L. Kingsford. New York, 1894. _Kingsford._

Henry of Monmouth, by the Rev. J. Endell Tyler. _Tyler, Henry of
London, 1838. Monmouth._

Jakobäa von Bayern und Ihre Zeit, von France von _Löher, Jakobäa
Löher. Nordlingen, 1869. von Bayern._

A Mediæval Princess. Jacqueline, Countess of _Putnam, A
Holland. By Ruth Putnam. London, 1904. Mediæval
Princess._

Histoire de Charles vii., par Gaston Du Fresne de _De Beaucort._
Beaucourt. Paris, 1881-91.

Le Connétable de Richemont, par E. Cosneau. Paris,
1886.

Geschichte Kaiser Sigmunds, von Joseph Aschbach. _Aschbach._
Hamburg, 1838-45.

A History of the Papacy, by Bishop Creighton. _Creighton's
London, 1897. Papacy._

MONOGRAPHS ON HUMPHREY, DUKE OF GLOUCESTER

Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. xxviii.
An excellent article on the life of Gloucester.

Bilder aus Alt-England, von R. Pauli. Gotha, 1860.
Contains a short popular account of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester.

Serapeum, vol. vi. Leipzig, 1845. Article by E. G. Vogel,
'Erinnerungen an einige verdientsvolle Bibliophilen des
vierzehnten und funfzehnten Jahrhunderts,' pp. 11-16.
A good short sketch of Gloucester, especially with regard to his
patronage of literature.

Episodes in the career of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, and his first
Duchess, and their connexion with the Abbey of St. Albans, by G. R.
Wright. In the Journal of the British Archæological Association.
London, 1871.
Slight and incorrect.

Transactions of the St. Albans and Hertfordshire Architectural and
Archæological Society, 1903-1904.
Humphrey of Gloucester, by Mrs. Maude C. Knight.

Memoirs of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (As they relate to the
Story of Mr. Phillips's Tragedy of that Name; and proper to be
Bound up with it). London: Printed for Thomas Corbett, at
Addison's Head, next to the Rose Tavern, without Temple Bar; And
sold by T. Payne, near Stationers'-Hall, 1723. Price 6d.
A curious little pamphlet of 32 pages, but totally devoid of
historical value.

_II. MANUSCRIPT AUTHORITIES_

BRITISH MUSEUM

Stowe MS., 668.
Heraldic and some other Collections, including the letters exchanged
between the Dukes of Gloucester and Burgundy.

Cotton MS., Claudius, A. viii.

(1) 'A Chronicle of King Henry V.'
The last part of a much longer chronicle, probably a
continuation of the Brut.

(2) A schedule of the charges of the Monastery of St. Albans for
making the tomb of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, and for
perpetual masses for his soul.

Cotton MS., Claudius, D. i.
Letters written by Wheathampsted, Abbot of St. Albans.

Cotton MS., Nero, D. vii.
Register of enrolments in the Fraternity of the Abbey of St. Albans.

Cotton MS., Julius, B. ii.
A London Chronicle extending from 1189 to 1432, and probably written
about 1435.

Cotton MS., Cleopatra, C. iv.
Among other items contains a London Chronicle, written in three
different fifteenth-century hands, and covering the years 1414-43.

Cotton MS., Vitellius, A. xvi.
A London Chronicle, in three different hands, and written at three
different periods, covering the years 1399-1516, though up to
1440 it is almost identical with the two chronicles above.

These three chronicles all bear a strong affinity to Lond. Chron. and
Gregory. (See Printed Books. Contemporary Chroniclers who wrote in
England.) Since the references have been taken for the present work,
all three, with the exception of the earlier part of Vitellius, A.
xvi., have been printed in 'Chronicles of London,' ed. by C. L.
Kingsford. Oxford, 1905. The references to the folios of the MSS. have
been retained, as thereby the various authorities can be
distinguished, and their verification does not necessitate recourse to
the MSS., as Mr. Kingsford has marked the folios in the margin to the
text of his edition. An excellent discussion of the dates of
compilation and the relationship between these and other London
Chronicles is to be found in Mr. Kingsford's introduction.

Harleian MS., 139.
A collection of documents relating to the County of Chester.

Harleian MS., 2251.
Collection of poems, including some by Lydgate.

Harleian MS., 2256.
The Chronicle known as the Brut, continued down to the capture of
Joan of Arc.

Lansdowne MS., 874.
Heraldic Notes and Drawings, by H. St. George and Nicholas Charles,
Lancaster-Heralds. Dated 1610.

Lansdowne MS., 1.
Burghley Papers.

Arundel MS., 34.
'Registrum Abbatiae S. Albani. Register of Lands, Tenements, etc.,
by John Wethampstede and Thomas Rameyge, Abbots of St. Albans.

Arundel MS., 66.
A collection of astrological and prophetical documents.

Additional MS., 34,360.
Collection of poems, including Lydgate's 'Epitaphium Ducis
Gloucestrie.'

Additional MS., 15,664.
Topographical Collections.

Additional MS., 26,784.
Various documents.

Additional MS., 29,729.
Collection of poems, including some by Lydgate.

Additional MS., 4608.
Collection of documents relating to the reign of Henry VI.

Sloane MS., 407.
Astronomical tables and calculations of the fifteenth century.

Additional Charters, 44,531.
Papal Bull.

BODLEIAN LIBRARY

Bodley MS., 263.
'The Falls of Princes,' by John Lydgate.

Bodley MS., 3618 (M. Museo, 119).
Works by Pietro del Monte and Lapo da Castiglionchio, bearing
dedicatory epistles to the Duke of Gloucester.

Bodley MS., 2143 (Auct. F., v. 27).
Leonardi Bruni's dedication to the Duke of Gloucester, prefixed to
his translation of Aristotle's 'Politics.'

Rawlinson MS., Classis, C. 813.
Collection of Songs.

Rawlinson MS., Classis, C. 398.
Richard Rede's Chronicle.

James MS., 30.
Various Collections.

Tanner MS., 196.
Monastic Collections.

Ashmole MS., 59.
Collection of Poems, including one on Jacqueline of Hainault, by
Lydgate.

Ashmole MS., 784.
Notes on Churches, by Ashmole.

Ashmole MS., 856.
Collection of Tracts and Documents, by Ashmole.

Ashmole MS., 1109.
Miscellaneous Collection, by Ashmole.

Ashmole MS., 1121.
Heraldic Collections, by Ashmole.

Ashmole MS., 1137.
Heraldic Collections, by Ashmole.

Hearne MS., Diary.
The diary of the famous antiquary and editor, Thomas Hearne, who
became Assistant Librarian of the Bodleian Library in 1712.

Twyne Collectanea.
Notes by the antiquary, John Twyne.

RECORD OFFICE

Patent Rolls. Cited as _Rot. Pat._

Duchy of Lancaster Records.

Chancery Inquisitiones Post Mortem, 25 Henry VI., No. 26.
Cited as _Inq. P.M._

Inquisitiones Ad Quod Damnum, 20-22 Henry VI.
Cited as _Inq. A.Q.D._

Ancient Correspondence, vols. xliii., xliv., lvii.

Ancient Petitions.

Roman Transcripts (Stevenson), vol. v.

Chester Roll, 1-20 Henry VI.

Minister's Accounts, Bundle 893.

Accounts, etc., Exchequer Queen's Remembrancer.

Miscellaneous Rolls.

Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer Foreign Accounts.
Cited as _L.T.R. Foreign Accounts._

DURHAM UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

Durham MS., C. iv. 3.
A copy of Pier Candido Decembrio's Translation of Plato's 'Republic,
containing a letter addressed by the Duke of Gloucester to the
Archbishop of Milan.

BIBLIOTECA MEDICEO-LAURENZIANA, FLORENCE

Cod. Laurentiano, Plut., lxiii. 30.
Lapo da Castiglionchio's Translation of Plutarch's 'Life of
Artaxerxes,' together with a dedicatory epistle addressed to the
Duke of Gloucester.

Cod. Riccardiano, 827.
A letter-book of Pier Candido Decembrio. Some of these letters have
been printed in the _English Historical Review_, vol. xix.

IN A PRIVATE LIBRARY

MS. in a Private Library.
A Latin Translation of Boccaccio's 'Corbaccio,' by Antonio di
Beccaria, containing a dedicatory epistle to the Duke of
Gloucester. The owner of this MS. does not wish his name to be
published, but he has kindly allowed a photograph of the dedicatory
epistle to be taken, and this is now in the possession of the
present author.

HOLKHAM HALL

In a MS. belonging to Lord Leicester there is contained, amongst other
entries in a seventeenth-century hand, a life of Humphrey, Duke of
Gloucester, entitled 'The Historie of the high borne Renowned and most
illustriously noble Prince Humphrie, commonly called The good Duke of
Gloucester, by J. C. Philopatris.' J. C. stands for John Cooper, and
the whole compilation is a mere copying of sixteenth-century
chroniclers, and has no historical value. It has been referred to in
the notes more as an indication of its scope than as an authority.
Cited as _Holkham MS._

_N.B._--Various Manuscripts, which originally formed part of the Duke of Gloucester's Library, are alluded to and quoted in the text. These are described in detail in Appendix A., and are therefore not enumerated here.

INDEX

ABBEVILLE, 27, 97, 98.

Abingdon, 222, 223;
St. Helen's Church, 448.

---- Henry, 388.

Aboo-l-Hassan, 345, 433.

Ægidius Romanus, 24, 286, 414, 415, 427, 435.

Agincourt, battle of, 20, 26, 28-32, 33, 48, 49, 69, 82, 90, 100, 102,
260, 282, 340, 390.

Albret, Sire de, 20, 29, 30, 32.

Alcuin of York, 386.

Alençon, Duke of, 29, 30, 31, 32.

---- siege of, 50, 51;
truce of, 51;
conference at, 75.

Alfen, battle of, 169.

Alfonso, Bishop of Burgos, 359.

---- King of Aragon and Naples, 375, 376, 421, 438.

Alnwick, William, Bishop of Norwich, 115, 179, 272, 329, 338.

Amadeus, Duke of Savoy (later, Pope Felix v.), 196, 197.

Amiens, 27, 130, 132, 320.

Anne of Burgundy. _See_ Duchess of Bedford.

Antigone, daughter of Gloucester, 335.

Appuleius, 363, 365, 368.

Aquinas, Thomas, 410.

Arc, Jeanne de, 214, 278.

Aretinus. _See_ Bruni.

Aristotle, 344, 350, 352, 354, 412, 420, 427.

Armagnac, Bernard, Count of, 70.

---- John, Count of, 75, 283, 285.

---- party, 11, 12, 13, 39, 73, 284, 318, 319.

Arras, Archbishop of, 148.

---- Congress of (1435), 245, 258;
heavy expenses of, 262, 264;
Gloucester's attitude towards, 318.

Arras, Treaty of (1415) between Burgundian and Armagnac party, 12;
second Treaty (1435), 245, 246.

Arthur, son of Gloucester, 293, 303, 335.

Artois, county of, 141, 151, 154, 156, 247;
raid into, 252;
embassy from, 138.

Arundel, Thomas Fitz-Allen, Earl of, 34.

Ashley, George, 393.

Aslak, Walter, 191.

Athanasius, St., 377, 385, 416, 430, 435.

Averrois, 412.

BABTHORP, Sir Robert, 230, 237.

Babwell, monastery of, 294.

Bacon, Roger, 411.

Bailleul, capture of, 252.

Balbo, Scaramuccia, 365.

Bar, Duke of, 29, 32.

Barbaro, Francesco, 370.

Bardney, Abbey of, 8.

Basel, Council of, 328, 329, 351.

Basin, Thomas 45, 413.

Bath, Order of, 3, 4.

---- Bishop of. _See_ Stafford, John, and Beckington, Thomas.

Bavaria, John, Duke of, 93, 134, 142, 150.

Bayeux, 54, 56, 59, 60, 70, 322, 354;
siege of, 49, 50.

---- Bishop of. _See_ Castiglione.

Baynarde's Castle, 445, 446.

Beauchamp, William, 44, 57, 75, 76.

Beaufort, Henry, Cardinal Bishop of Winchester, 14, 15, 78, 90, 105,
114, 123, 124, 125, 137, 168, 173, 187, 212, 214, 226, 235-239,
248, 271, 280, 307, 308, 312, 314, 316, 319, 320, 330, 336, 337,
345, 369, 397, 448;
character, 105, 168, 185;
designated guardian of Henry VI., 103;
quarrel with Henry V., 107 and note 419;
opposition to Gloucester, 109-115;
influence predominant in the Council, 115, 116;
constitutional pose, 118, 308;
love of political power and money, 118;
dislike of Gloucester, 162-164;
orders Gloucester to be excluded from Tower, 170 and note 624;
attacks London with armed force, 171, 172;
misrepresents Gloucester to Bedford, 176, 236-238;
defends his actions before Lords of Parliament, 181-186;
resigns Chancellorship, 187;
accompanies Bedford to France, 192;
created Cardinal, 192;
returns to England, 212;
his bishopric called in question, 213;
secures his right to sit in Council, 217;
accompanies Henry VI. to France, 219;
appointed to treat with France for peace, 221;
becomes liable to the penalties of Præmunire, 225, 226;
vindicates himself before Parliament, 232-234;
favours continuation of war, 246;
treats with French envoys, 259;
his peace policy, 259;
procures release of Duke of Orleans, 260;
attacked by Gloucester, 260-264;
plans marriage for Henry VI., 282;
influence with Martin V., 324;
his Church policy, 325-328;
legacy to Oxford University, 397.

Beaufort, Lady Joan. _See_ Joan of Scotland.

---- party, 13, 282, 287, 288, 314.

Beaugé, battle of, 91, 97.

Beaugency, capture of, 100, 101.

Beauvais, 98.

---- Vincent of, 411.

Bec Hellouin, Abbey of, capture of, 70.

Beccaria, Antonio di, 395, 431;
Gloucester's secretary, 377;
translates books for Gloucester, 378;
appreciation of Gloucester's literary taste, 378, 379;
translation of Boccaccio's _Corbaccio_, 377, 378;
translation of discourses of St. Athanasius, 435.

Beckington, Thomas, Bishop of Bath, 283, 284, 376, 388, 389, 418.

Bede, the Venerable, 410, 411.

Bedford, John, Duke of, 10, 14, 15, 16, 45, 80, 81, 85, 90, 116, 119,
193, 198, 221, 237, 259, 300, 312, 322, 327, 334, 338, 345, 346,
347, 376, 384, 397, 402 note 1333, 404, 416, 417, 418, 438;
Knight of the Bath, 3;
Knight of the Garter, 7;
character, 105;
favours alliance with Burgundy, 12;
Lieutenant of England, 35 note 148;
meets Sigismund at Rochester, 37;
Regent of England (1417), 44;
marriage proposals, 75;
escorts Queen Catherine to France, 102;
Regent of kingdom of France and of Duchy of Normandy (1422), 103;
appointed Protector, 114;
his salary, 119;
alliance with Gloucester, 117, 118 and 118 note 445;
marries Anne of Burgundy, 128;
mediates between Gloucester and Burgundy, 132-164;
summoned to appease the quarrel of Gloucester and Beaufort, 175-187;
swears not to infringe the rights of the Council, 190;
interferes to prevent expedition to Hainault, 201, 202;
marries Jacquetta of Luxemburg, 235;
his difficulties in France, 214;
powers demanded if he is to govern England, 240, 241;
quarrel with Gloucester, 242-244;
results of his death, 245-248.

Bedford, Anne, Duchess of, 128, 130, 192, 235.

---- Jacquetta, Duchess of, 235, 236.

Bedfordshire, disturbances in, 211, 212.

Bellesme surrendered, 51.

Benedict XIII., Antipope, 126.

Benoist, William, 140.

Berri, Duke of, 9, 14.

Bersuyre, Pierre, 438.

Binham, Prior of, 338.

Biondo, Flavio, 388.

Blanche of Navarre, 75, 76.

Boccaccio, Giovanni, 343, 344, 362, 377, 378, 391, 413, 437.

Bolingbroke, Roger, trial and execution, 270-278.

Bonville, Sir William, 314.

Books, given by Gloucester to Oxford, 403 and note 1337, 404, 407 and
note 1352, 412, 413.

Bostock, John. _See_ Wheathampsted.

Bouchain, 94, 141, 159.

Bourbon, Duke of, 9.

Bouteiller, Guy le, 72.

Boutillier, Ralph de, 139.

Boyle, Philip, 375.

Brabant, John, Duke of, 138, 142, 144, 145, 146, 149, 150, 151,
152, 153;
marriage with Countess of Hainault, 92;
character, 92;
disposes of his wife's territory, 93;
marriage complications, 126, 127, 131-136;
recognises Duke of Burgundy as his heir, 133, 135;
his indifference, 135, 136, 150;
treaty with Burgundy, 165;
death, 198.

Bracciolini, Poggio, 350, 370;
love of the Classics, 345;
visit to England, 345;
impressions of England, 356.

Braine-le-Comte, siege of, 151, 152, 156.

Bredenaide, 253.

Bretigny, Treaty of, 77, 78.

Bristol, 394, 421.

Brittany, Duke of, 51, 130 note 482, 192.

Bruni, Leonardo, 'Aretinus,' 351, 368, 419, 421;
translation of Aristotle's _Politics_, 352;
shiftiness and greed, 355, 356, 388;
letters to the Archbishop of Milan, 357, 358.

Buckingham, Humphrey, Duke of, Earl of Stafford, 249;
mediates between Beaufort and Gloucester, 176, 179;
turbulence of, 230;
Captain of Calais, 269;
commissioner of sorcery, 272;
arrests Gloucester, 293.

Burgundy, John, 'Sans Peur,' Duke of, 29, 35, 40, 50, 77;
instigates murder of, Duke of Orleans, 11;
driven from Paris, 11;
treaty with Henry V., 11, 12;
meets Henry V. at Calais, 41, 42;
secures Paris, 70;
promise to relieve Rouen, 73;
sends ambassadors to Henry V., 75;
treats with Henry V. at Meulan, 78;
murder, 86;
his policy with regard to Hainault, 92.

---- Philip, 'Le Bon,' Duke of, 29, 40, 42, 126, 128, 146, 147, 150,
164, 247, 252, 311, 317, 318, 335;
entertains Gloucester at St. Omer, 40, 41;
joins Henry V. at Montreuil, 98;
refusal to receive the Garter, 131;
recognised as John of Brabant's heir, 133;
truce with Charles VII., 139;
supposed plot to murder, 140;
his troops invade Hainault, 151-158;
correspondence with Gloucester, 154-156;
threatens to besiege Mons, 158;
treaty with Brabant, 165, 166;
prepares for duel with Gloucester, 166;
declares himself Regent of Jacqueline's dominions, 198;
English dislike of, 200, 201;
truce with Gloucester, 202;
annoyance at Bedford's second marriage, 235;
peace with French King, 246;
desires peace with England, 246;
besieges Calais, 250.

Burgundian party, 11, 75.

Bury of St. Edmunds, Abbey of, 241, 291, 390, 448.

---- Richard of, 391, 419.

Cade, Jack, 297 and note 1032, 306, 445, 451, 452.

Caen, 49, 50, 51, 52, 56, 70;
siege of, 45-48.

Calais, 26, 28, 32, 36, 39, 93, 94, 97, 138, 159, 235, 247, 253, 319;
conference at, 40, 41;
siege of, 248-250.

Cambridge, Richard, Earl of, his conspiracy, 15;
executed, 16.
Cambridge, King's College, 303, 435, 442, 446.

Camoys, Lord, 29, 40, 250.

Canterbury, 9, 37, 220, 423;
cathedral library of, 345.

---- Archbishop of. _See_ Chichele.

Capgrave, John, 386, 387, 416, 417, 428;
his _Chronicle of England_, 385;
connection with Gloucester, 385;
his _Commentary on Genesis_, 323, 385.

Carbone, Lodovico, 422.

Carentan, surrender of, 58.

Carlisle, Bishop of, 226, 227.

Cassidorus, 411.

Castiglionchio, Lapo da, 374, 375;
translation of Plutarch, 372, 373;
his _Comparatio Studiorum et Rei Militaris_, 373.

Castiglione, Zano,
Bishop of Bayeux, 247, 354, 360, 364, 373, 417, 422, 436;
admiration of Gloucester, 338, 374;
introduces Gloucester to Italian humanists, 351, 372;
represents Henry VI. at Council of Basel and Council of Florence,
351;
buys books for Gloucester, 351, 352;
correspondence with Decembrio, 355, 356.

Catherine of Burgundy, 12.

---- Queen of Henry V., 12, 75, 78, 86, 166, 215;
marriage contract with Henry V., 87;
enters London, 89;
coronation, 90;
pilgrimage to various shrines, 91;
goes to France, 102;
present at opening of Parliament (1423), 120;
married to Owen Tudor, 256;
death, 256.

Cato, 384.

Caudebec, capture of, 71, 72.

Caux, Chef de, 20.

Celsus, Cornelius, 363, 380.

Censorius, 365 note 1217.

Chamberlain, Sir Roger, 293.

Chandler, Thomas, 389.

Charles of Anjou, 283.

---- IV., Emperor, 35.

---- V., King of France, library of 345, 428, 432.

---- VI., King of France, 13, 50, 77, 78, 86, 87, 117, 417.

Charles VII., King of France, 70, 85, 97, 98, 99, 100, 117, 201,
260, 264;
challenged by Henry V. to single combat, 26, 45;
fails to meet Henry V. at Rouen, 75;
truce with Burgundy, 139, 151;
treats with English at Arras, 244, 245;
peace with Burgundy, 246.

---- III., King of Navarre, 75, 76.

Charolais, Count of. _See_ Burgundy, Philip of.

Chartres, 97, 98.

Chastellain, George, 451.

Châtel, Tanneguy du, 70.

Chaucer, Geoffrey, 389, 391, 395, 396, 445.

Cherbourg, 53, 56, 106, 320;
siege of, 60-69.

Chichele, Henry,
Archbishop of Canterbury, 14, 37, 115, 139, 176, 179, 212, 239, 262,
272, 397;
at conference of Meulan, 78;
at coronation of Catherine, 90;
opening speech in Parliament (1422), 113;
mediates between Gloucester and Beaufort, 172;
objects to Cardinal Legate in England, 192;
crowns Henry VI., 214;
one of the Duchess of Gloucester's judges, 271;
quarrel with Pope Martin V., 324-327.

Church,
attitude towards French war, 12;
fear of Lollards, 195;
attack on endowments of, 222.

Cicero, 344, 351, 361, 365, 412, 436.

Cinque Ports, 34, 36, 95, 137;
Barons of, 89, 96, 220, 297, 336.

Clarence, Thomas, Duke of, 3, 7, 8, 13, 37, 78, 79, 80, 90, 98, 334,
347;
favours Armagnac party, 12;
summons jury to try Southampton conspirators, 16;
at siege of Harfleur, 21-26;
Constable of army (1417), 45;
at siege of Caen, 46-58;
at siege of Falaise, 53;
in command of army, 54;
opens up way to Rouen, 70;
at siege of Rouen, 70-74;
accompanies Henry V. to Mantes, 78;
defeated and slain at Beaugé, 91.

Clement, Vincent, 323, 376.

Cobham, Eleanor. _See_ Gloucester, Duchess of.

---- Reginald, commonly called Lord Cobham, 64 note 271, 165 and
note 604, 248.

Cods, faction of, 91, 92 note 369, 145.

Coimbra, Duke of, 172, 175.

Columella, 365, 368.

Condé-sur-Noireau, capture of, 57 and note 240.

Constance, Council of, 36, 42, 127, 134, 192, 324, 345, 430.

Constitutional development in England, 181, 193, 209.

Conversan, Count of, 146.

Cornwall, Sir John, 27, 71, 176.

Côtentin, 70, 337; expedition in, 55-59.

Coutances, capture of, 59.

Cromwell, Ralph, Lord, 176, 179, 282;
member of Regency Council, 115;
superseded as Chamberlain, 230;
attack on Gloucester, 234;
Treasurer, 237;
commissioner on sorcery, 272.

DAMASCUS, John of, 412.

Dante Alighieri, 351, 391, 394, 413.

Dauphin, Charles the. _See_ Charles VII.

---- John the, 38, 91, 133, 447.

---- Louis the, 14.

Decembrio, Pier Candido, 323, 372, 380, 387, 388, 409, 412, 421,
426, 430;
translation of Greek classics, 353;
introduction to Gloucester, 354-356;
translation of Plato's _Republic_, 354-357, 365;
Gloucester's chief literary agent in Italy, 358;
correspondence with Gloucester, 358, 365, 367;
buys books for Gloucester, 363, 364, 365.

Deptford, 303, 304.

Devizes, Castle of, 444.

Devon, Thomas Courtenay, Earl of, 249, 314.

Dieppe, capture of, 74.

Disturbances,
rising in Wales (1403), 6;
rising in Wales (1423), 122;
disturbances in London (1425), 170;
disturbances in Norfolk (1427), 194;
disturbances in the Midlands (1428), 211;
Jack Sharpe's insurrection, 222, 223, 226;
disturbances in South Wales (1441), 268;
Kentish rising (1450), 297;
disturbances in the West (1447) between the Earl of Devon and Sir
William Bonville, 314;
disturbances in York, Wales, Norwich, and Northampton, 314;
riots in London, Salisbury, and Derbyshire, 314.

Divette, river, 60.

Dordrecht, 42.

Dorset, Thomas Beaufort, Earl of. _See_ Exeter, Duke of.

---- Edmund Beaufort, Marquis of. _See_ Somerset, Duke of.

Douve, river, 59.

Dover, 32, 34, 36, 37, 89, 95, 97, 102, 138, 229, 235, 247, 297.

EATON TREGOES, 2.

Edingen, Engilbert de, 146.

Edward I., King of England, 444.

---- III., King of England, 3, 12, 19, 89, 100, 245, 347, 444.

---- VI., King of England, 408.

Eltham, 175, 180, 183, 184.

Erpingham, Sir Thomas, 194.

Escallion, Sire de. _See_ Robsart.

Espreleques, 253.

Este, Borso da, 421.

---- Lionello da, 421.

Estouteville, 46.

Eu, 27;
capture of, 74.

Eugenius IV., Pope, 329, 353, 369, 372.

Eusebius of Cæsarea, 411.

Everdon, John, 388.

Exeter, Thomas de Beaufort, Duke of, 70, 71, 342, 421, 444;
Captain of Harfleur, 26;
negotiates for marriage of Henry V., 78;
in Paris, 98;
governor of Paris, 101;
guardian of Henry VI., 103, 115, 163;
member of Council, 116;
commissioner to settle dispute between Beaufort and Gloucester, 179;
death, 189, 210, 212.
Eye, Witch of, 205, 272, 273.

Falaise, siege of, 52-54.

Fanhope, Lord, 272.

Fécamp, 27;
capture of, 74;
Abbot of, 139.

Ferrara, 351, 379, 381, 421;
Council of, 329.

Filelfo, Francesco, 367, 372, 377.

Finance, financial distress, 221, 237, 242, 258, 314;
Lord Cromwell's report on, 240;
commission on revenue, 240.

Flanders, 138, 247, 249;
raid of Gloucester in, 251-253.

Fleming, or Flemming, or Flemmyng, Robert, 421.

Flint Castle, 274.

Florence, Council of, 351.

Florus, Lucius, 365.

Fortescue, Sir John, 263.

Franchise, restriction of, 217.

Free, John, 421.

Galen (Claudius Galenus), 345, 380.

Garter, Order of, 3, 7, 38, 42;
Chapters of, 85, 102, 120, 131, 213, 222.

Gaucourt, Sire de, 22, 25.

Gaunt, John of. _See_ Lancaster.

Gellius, Aulus, 365, 412.

Ghislain, St., 159.

Gisors, 98;
capitulation of, 79.

Giuliano, Andrea, 370.