Chapter LVI: Appendix: THE ATTACK IN FINNSBURG. Footnote: See v. 1069 seqq (11)

searo (G. sarwa, pl.), st. n.: 1) _armor, accoutrements, war-gear_: nom. pl. sæ-manna searo, 329; dat. pl. secg on searwum (_a man, warrior, in panoply_), 249, 2701; in (on) searwum, 323, 1558; 2531, 2569; instr. pl. searwum, 1814.--2) _insidiae, ambuscade, waylaying, deception, battle_: þâ ic of searwum cwom, fâh from feóndum, 419.--3) _cunning, art, skill_: instr. pl. sadol searwum fâh (_saddle cunningly ornamented_), 1039; earmbeága fela, searwum ge-sæled (_many cunningly-linked armlets_), 2765.--Comp. fyrd-, gûð-, inwit-searo.

searo-bend, st. f., _band, bond, of curious workmanship_: instr. pl. searo-bendum fäst, 2087.

searo-fâh, adj., _cunningly inlaid, ornamented, with gold_: nom. sg. here-byrne hondum ge-broden, sîd and searo-fâh, 1445.

searo-ge-þräc, st. n., _heap of treasure-objects_: acc. sg., 3103.

searo-gim, st. m., _cunningly set gem, rich jewel_: acc. pl. searo-gimmas, 2750; gen. pl. searo-gimma, 1158.

searo-grim, adj., _cunning and fierce_: nom. sg., 595.

searo-häbbend, pres. part. as subst., _arms-bearing, warrior with his trappings_: gen. pl. searo-häbbendra, 237.

searo-net, st. n., _armor-net, shirt of mail, corselet_: nom. sg., 406.

searo-nîð, st. m.: 1) _cunning hostility, plot, wiles_: acc. pl. searo-nîðas, 1201, 2739.--2) also, only _hostility, feud, contest_: acc. pl. searo-nîðas, 3068; gen. pl. searo-nîða, 582.

searo-þanc, st. m., _ingenuity_: instr. pl. searo-þoncum, 776.

searo-wundor, st. n., _rare wonder_: acc. sg., 921.

seax, st. n., _shortsword, hip-knife; dagger_: instr. sg. seaxe, 1546.--Comp. wäl-seax.

seax-ben, st. f., _dagger-wound_: instr. pl. siex-bennum, 2905.

seofon, num., _seven_, 517; seofan, 2196; decl. acc. syfone, 3123.

seomian, w. v.: 1) intrans., _to be tied; lie at rest_: inf. siomian, 2768; pret. sg. seomode, 302.--2) w. acc., _to put in bonds, entrap, catch_: pret. sg. duguðe and geogoðe seomade (cf. 2086-2092), 161.

seonu, st. f., _sinew_: nom. pl. seonowe, 818.

seóc, adj., _feeble, weak; fatally ill_: nom. sg. feorh-bennum seóc (of Beówulf, _sick unto death_), 2741; siex-bennum seóc (of the dead dragon), 2905; nom. pl. môdes seóce (_sick of soul_), 1604.--Comp.: ellen-, feorh-, heaðo-seóc.

seóðan, st. v. w. acc., _to seethe, boil_; figuratively, _be excited over, brood_: pret. sg. ic þäs môd-ceare sorh-wylmum seáð (_I pined in heart-grief for that_), 1994; so, 190.

seóloð, st. m.?, _bight, bay_ (cf. Dietrich in Haupt XI. 416): gen. pl. sióleða bi-gong (_the realm of bights_ = the [surface of the] sea?), 2368.

seón, sýn, st. f., _aspect, sight_: in comp. wlite-, wundor-seón, an-sýn.

seón, st. v., _to see_: a) w. acc.: inf. searo-wunder seón, 921; so, 387, 1181, 1276, 3103; þær mäg nihta ge-hwæm nîð-wundor seón (_there may every night be seen a repulsive marvel_), 1366; pret. sg. ne seah ic ... heal-sittendra medudreám mâran, 2015.--b) w. acc. and predicate adj.: ne seah ic elþeódige þus manige men môdiglîcran, 336.--c) w. prep. or adv.: pret. sg. seah on enta ge-weorc, 2718; seah on un-leófe, 2864; pl. folc tô sægon (_looked on_), 1423.

ge-seón, _to see, behold_: a) w. acc.: pres. sg. III. se þe beáh ge-syhð, 2042; inf. ge-seón, 396, 571, 649, 962, 1079, etc.; pret. sg. geseah, 247, 927, 1558, 1614; pl. ge-sâwon, 1606, 2253.--b) w. acc. and predicate adj., pres. sg. III. ge-syhð ... on his suna bûre win-sele wêstne (_sees in his son's house the wine-hall empty_; or, _hall of friends_?), 2456.--c) w. inf.: pret. sg. ge-seah ... beran ofer bolcan beorhte randas (_saw shining shields borne over the gang-plank_), 229; pret. pl. mære mâððum-sweord monige ge-sâwon beforan beorn beran, 1024.--d) w. acc. and inf.: pret. sg. ge-seah, 729, 1517, 1586, 1663, 2543, 2605, etc.; pl. ge-sâwon, 221, 1348, 1426; ge-sêgan, 3039; ge-sêgon, 3129.--e) w. depend, clause: inf. mäg þonne ... geseón sunu Hrêðles, þät ic (_may the son of H. see that I..._), 1486; pret. pl. ge-sâwon, 1592.

geond-seón, _to see, look through, over_, w. acc.: pret. sg. (ic) þät eall geond-seh, 3088.

ofer-seón, _to see clearly, plainly_: pret. pl. ofer-sâwon, 419.

on-seón, _to look on, at_, w. acc.: pret. pl. on-sâwon, 1651.

seówian, w. v., _to sew, put together, link_: pret. part. searo-net seówed smiðes or-þancum (_the corselet woven by the smith's craft_), 406.

sib, st. f., _peace, friendship, relationship_: nom. sg., 1165, 1858; sibb, 2601; acc. sibbe, 950, 2432, 2923; instr. sg. sibbe (_in peace_?), 154.--Comp.: dryht-, friðo-sib.

sib-äðeling, st. m., _nobilis consanguineus, kindred prince_ or _nobleman_: nom. pl. -äðelingas, 2709.

sibbe-gedryht, st. f., _body of allied_ or _related warriors_: acc. sg. sibbe-gedriht (the Danes), 387; (the Geátas), 730.

siððan, syððan: 1) adv.: a) _since, after, from now on, further_, 142, 149, 283, 567, 1903, 2052, 2065, 2176, 2703, 2807, 2921; seoððan, 1876.--b) _then, thereupon, after_, 470, 686, 1454, 1557, 1690, 2208; seoððan, 1938; ær ne siððan (_neither before nor after_), 719.

2) Conj.: a) w. ind. pres., _as soon as, when_, 413, 605, 1785, 2889, 2912.--b) w. ind. pret., _when, whilst_, 835, 851, 1205, 1207, 1421, 1590, 2357, 2961, 2971, 3128; seoððan, 1776;--_since_, 649, 657, 983, 1199, 1254, 1309, 2202;--_after_, either with pluperf.: siððan him scyppend forscrifen häfde (_after the Creator had proscribed him_), 106; so, 1473; or with pret. = pluperf.: syððan niht becom (_after night had come on_), 115; so, 6, 132, 723, 887, 902, 1078, 1149, 1236, 1262, 1282, 1979, 2013, 2125; or pret. and pluperf. together, 2104-2105.

siex. See seax.

sige-dryhten, st. m., _lord of victory, victorious lord_: nom. sg. sige-drihten, 391.

sige-eádig, adj., _blest with victory, victorious_: acc. sg. neut. sige-eádig bil, 1558.

sige-folc, st. n., _victorious people, troop_: gen. pl. sige-folca, 645.

sige-hrêð, st. f., _confidence of victory_(?): acc. sg., 490. See Note.

sige-hrêðig, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg., 94, 1598, 2757.

sige-hwîl, st. f., _hour_ or _day of victory_: gen. sg. sige-hwîle, 2711.

sige-leás, adj., _devoid of victory, defeated_: acc. sg. sige-leásne sang, 788.

sige-rôf, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg., 620.

sige-þeód, st. f., _victorious warrior troop_: dat. sg. on sige-þeóde, 2205.

sige-wæpen, st. n., _victor-weapon, sword_: dat. pl. sige-wæpnum, 805.

sigl, st. n.: 1) _sun_: nom. sg. sigel, 1967.--2) _sun-shaped ornament_: acc. pl. siglu, 3165; sigle (bracteates of a necklace), 1201; gen. pl. sigla, 1158.--Comp. mâððum-sigl.

sigor, st. m., _victory_: gen. sg. sigores, 1022; gen. pl. sigora, 2876, 3056.--Comp.: hrêð-, wîg-sigor.

sigor-eádig, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg. sigor-eádig secg (of Beówulf), 1312, 2353.

sin. See syn.

sinc, st. n., _treasure, jewel, property_: nom. sg., 2765; acc. sg. sinc, 81, 1205, 1486, 2384, 2432; instr. sg. since, 1039, 1451, 1616, 1883, 2218, 2747; gen. sg. sinces, 608, 1171, 1923, 2072; gen. pl. sinca, 2429.

sinc-fâh, adj., _treasure-decked_: acc. sg. neut. weak form, sinc-fâge sel, 167.

sinc-fät, st. n., _costly vessel_: acc. sg., 2232, 2301;--_a costly object_: acc. sg., 1201 (i.e. mene); acc. pl. sinc-fato, 623.

sinc-ge-streón, st. n., _precious treasure, jewel of value _: instr. pl. -gestreónum, 1093; gen. pl. -gestreóna, 1227.

sinc-gifa, w. m., _jewel-giver, treasure-giver = prince, ruler_: acc. sg. sinc-gyfan, 1013; dat. sg. sinc-gifan (of Beówulf), 2312; (of Äschere), 1343.

sinc-mâððum, st. m., _treasure_: nom. sg., 2194.

sinc-þego, f., _acceptance, taking, of jewels_: nom. sg., 2885.

sin-dolh, st. n., _perpetual_, i.e. incurable, _wound_: nom. sg. syn-dolh, 818.

sin-freá, w. m., _wedded lord, husband_: nom. sg., 1935.

sin-gal, adj., _continual, lasting_: acc. sg. fem, sin-gale säce, 154.

sin-gales, adv. gen. sg., _continually, ever_, 1778; syngales, 1136.

singala, adv. gen. pl., the same, 190.

singan, st. v., _to sound, ring, sing_: pret. sg. hring-îren scîr song in searwum (_the ringed iron rang in the armor_), 323; horn stundum song fûs-lîc f[yrd]-leóð (_at times the horn rang forth a ready battle-song_), 1424; scôp hwîlum sang (_the singer sang at whiles_), 496.

â-singan, _to sing out, sing to an end_: pret. part. leóð wäs â-sungen, 1160.

sin-here, st. m., (_army without end_?), _strong army, host_: instr. sg. sin-herge, 2937.

sin-niht, st. f., _perpetual night, night after night_: acc. pl. sin-nihte (_night after night_), 161.

sin-sceaða, w. m., _irreconcilable foe_: nom. sg. syn-scaða, 708; acc. sg. syn-scaðan, 802.

sin-snæd, st. f., (_continuous biting_) _bite after bite_: dat. pl. syn-snædum swealh (_swallowed bite after bite, in great bites_), 744.

sittan, st. v.: 1) _to sit_: pres. sg. Wîglâf siteð ofer Biówulfe, 2907; imper. sg. site nu tô symle, 489; inf. þær swîð-ferhðe sittan eodon (_whither the strong-minded went and sat_), 493; eode ... tô hire freán sittan (_went to sit by her lord_), 642; pret. sg. on wicge sät (_sat on the horse_), 286; ät fôtum sät (_sat at the feet_), 500, 1167; þær Hrôðgâr sät (_where H. sat_), 356; so, 1191, 2895; he gewêrgad sät ... freán eaxlum neáh, 2854; pret. pl. sæton, 1165; gistas sêtan (MS. sêcan) ... and on mere staredon (_the strangers sat and stared on the sea_), 1603.--2) _to be in a certain state_ or _condition_ (_quasi_ copula): pret. sg. mære þeóden ... unblîðe sät, 130.--Comp.: flet-, heal-sittend.

be-sittan, obsidere, _to surround, besiege_, w. acc.: besät þâ sin-herge sweorda lâfe wundum wêrge (_then besieged he with a host the leavings of the sword, wound-weary_), 2937.

for-sittan, obstrui, _to pass away, fail_: pres. sg. eágena bearhtm for-siteð (_the light of the eyes passeth away_), 1768.

ge-sittan: 1) _to sit, sit together_: pret. sg. monig-oft ge-sät rîce to rûne (_very often sat the king deliberating with his council_ (see rîce), 171; wið earm ge-sät (_supported himself upon his arm, sat on his arm_?), 750; fêða eal ge-sät (_the whole troop sat down_), 1425; ge-sät þâ wið sylfne (_sat there beside, near to, him_, i.e. Hygelâc), 1978;

ge-sät þâ on nässe, 2418; so, 2718; pret. part. (syððan) ... we tô symble ge-seten häfdon, 2105.--2) w. acc., _to seat one's self upon_ or _in something, to board_: pret. sg. þâ ic ... sæ-bât ge-sät, 634.

of-sittan, w. acc., _to sit over_ or _upon_: pret. sg. of-sät þâ þone sele-gyst, 1546.

ofer-sittan, w. acc., _to dispense with, refrain from_ (cf. ofer, 2 [c]): pres. sg. I. þät ic wið þone gûð-flogan gylp ofer-sitte, 2529; inf. secge ofer-sittan, 685.

on-sittan (O.H.G. int-sizzan, _to start from one's seat, to be startled_), w. acc., _to fear_: inf. þâ fæhðe, atole ecg-þräce eówer leóde sîwðe onsittan _to dread the hostility, the fierce contest, of your people_, 598.

ymb-sittan, _to sit around_, w. acc.: pret. pl. (þät hie) ... symbel ymb-sæton (_sat round the feast_), 564. See ymb-sittend.

sîd, adj.: 1) _wide, broad, spacious, large_: nom. sg. (here-byrne, glôf) sîd, 1445, 2087; acc. sg. m. sîdne scyld, 437; on sîdne sæ, 507; fem. byrnan sîde (of a corselet extending over the legs), 1292; ofer sæ sîde, 2395; neut. sîde rîce, 1734, 2200; instr. sg. sîdan herge, 2348; acc. pl. sîde sæ-nässas, 223; sîde scyldas, 325; gen. pl. sîdra sorga (_of great sorrows_), 149.--2) in moral sense, _great, noble_: acc. sg. þurh sîdne sefan, 1727.

side, adv., _far and wide, afar_, 1224.

sîd-fäðme, adj., _broad-bosomed_: acc. sg. sîd-fäðme scip, 1918.

sîd-fäðmed, _quasi_ pret. part., the same: nom. sg. sîd-fäðmed scip, 302.

sîd-rand, st. m., _broad shield_: nom. sg., 1290.

sîð (G. seþu-s), adj., _late_: superl. nom. sg. sîðast sige-hwîle (_the last hour, day, of victory_), 2711; dat. sg. ät sîðestan (_in the end, at last_), 3014.

sîð, adv. compar., _later_: ær and sîð (_sooner and later, early and late_), 2501.

sîð (G. sinþ-s), st. m.: l) _road, way, journey, expedition_; esp., _road to battle_: nom. sg., 501, 3059, 3090; näs þät êðe sîð (_that was no easy road, task_), 2587; so, þät wäs geócor sîð, 766; acc. sg. sîð, 353, 512, 909, 1279, 1430, 1967; instr. dat. sîðe, 532, 1952, 1994; gen. sg. sîðes, 579, 1476, 1795, 1909. Also, _return_: nom. sg., 1972.--2) _undertaking, enterprise_; esp., _battle-work_: nom. sg. nis þät eówer sîð, 2533; ne bið swylc earges sîð (_such is no coward's enterprise_), 2542; acc. sg. sîð, 873. In pl.= _adventures_: nom. sîðas, 1987; acc. sîðas, 878; gen. sîða, 318.--3) time (as iterative): nom. sg. näs þät forma sîð (_that was not the first time_), 717, 1464; so, 1528, 2626; acc. sg. oftor micle þonne on ænne sîð, 1580; instr. sg. (forman, ôðre, þriddan) sîðe, 741, 1204, 2050, 2287, 2512, 2518, 2671, 2689, 3102.--Comp.: cear-, eft-, ellor-, gryre-, sæ-, wil-, wræc-sîð.

ge-sîð, st. m., _comrade, follower_: gen. sg. ge-sîðes, 1298; nom. pl. ge-sîðas, 29; acc. pl. ge-sîðas, 2041, 2519; dat. pl. ge-sîðum, 1314, 1925, 2633; gen. pl. ge-sîða, 1935.--Comp.: eald-, wil-gesîð.

sîð-fät, st. m., _way, journey_: acc. sg. þone sîð-fät, 202; dat. sg. sîð-fate, 2640.

sîð-fram, -from, adj., _ready for the journey_: nom. pl. sîð-frome, 1814.

sîðian, w. v., _to journey, march_: inf., 721, 809; pret. sg. sîðode, 2120.

for-sîðian, _iter fatale inire_ (Grein): pret. sg. häfde þâ for-sîðod sunu Ecg-þeówes under gynne grund _(would have found his death_, etc.), 1551.

sîe, sý. See wesan.

sîgan, st. v., _to descend, sink, incline_: pret. pl. sigon ät-somne (_descended together_), 307; sigon þâ tô slæpe _(they sank to sleep_), 1252.

ge-sîgan, _to sink, fall_: inf. ge-sîgan ät säcce (_fall in battle_), 2660.

sîn, poss. pron., _his_: acc. sg. m. sînne, 1961, 1985, 2284, 2790; dat. sg. sînum, 1508.

slæp, st. m., _sleep_: nom. sg., 1743; dat. sg. tô slæpe, 1252.

slæpan, st. v., _to sleep_: pres. part. nom. sg. slæpende, 2220; acc. sg. he gefêng ... slæpendne rinc (_seized a sleeping warrior]_, 742; acc. pl. slæpende frät folces Denigea fîftyne men _(devoured, sleeping, fifteen of the people of the Danes_), 1582.

sleac, adj., _slack, lazy_: nom. sg., 2188.

sleahan, sleán: 1) _to strike, strike at_: a) intrans.: pres. subj. sg. þät he me ongeán sleá (_that he should strike at me_), 682; pret. sg. yrringa slôh (_struck angrily_), 1566; so, slôh hilde-bille, 2680. b) trans.: pret. sg. þät he þone nîð-gäst nioðor hwêne slôh _(that he struck the dragon somewhat lower_, etc.), 2700.--2) w. acc.: _to slay, kill_: pret. sg. þäs þe he Abel slôg (_because he slew A._), 108; so, slôg, 421, 2180; slôh, 1582, 2356; pl. slôgon, 2051; pret. part. þâ wäs Fin slägen, 1153.

ge-sleán, w. acc.: 1) _to fight a battle_: pret. sg. ge-slôh þîn fäder fæhðe mæste, 459.--2) _to gain by fighting_: syððan hie þâ mærða ge-slôgon, 2997.

of-sleán, _to ofslay, kill_, w. acc.: pret. sg. of-slôh, 574, 1666, 3061.

slîðe (G. sleiþ-s), adj., _savage, fierce, dangerous_: acc. sg. þurh slîðne nîð, 184; gen. pl. slîðra ge-slyhta, 2399.

slîðen, adj., _furious, savage, deadly_ nom. sg. sweord-bealo slîðen, 1148.

slîtan, st. v., _to slit, tear to pieces_, w. acc.: pret. sg. slât (slæpendne rinc), 742.

slyht, st. m., _blow_: in comp. and-slyht.

ge-slyht, st. n. (collective), _battle, conflict_: gen. pl. slîðra ge-slyhta, 2399.

smið, st. m., _smith, armorer_: nom. sg. wæpna smið, 1453; gen. sg. smiðes, 406.--Comp. wundor-smið.

be-smiðian, w. v., _to surround with iron-work, bands_, etc.: pret. part. he (the hall Heorot) þäs fäste wäs innan and ûtan îren-bendum searo-þoncum besmiðod (i.e. the beams out of which the hall was built were held together skilfully, within and without, by iron clamps), 776.

snell, adj., _fresh, vigorous, lively; of martial temper_: nom. sg. se snella, 2972.

snellîc, adj., the same: nom. sg., 691.

snotor, snottor, adj., _clever, wise, intelligent_: nom. sg. snotor, 190, 827, 909, 1385; in weak form, (se) snottra, 1314, 1476, 1787; snotra, 2157, 3121; nom. pl. snotere, 202, 416; snottre, 1592.--Comp. fore-snotor.

snotor-lîce, adv., _intelligently, wisely_: compar. snotor-lîcor, 1483.

snûde, adv., _hastily, quickly, soon_, 905, 1870, 1972, 2326, 2569, 2753.

be-snyðian, w. v., _to rob, deprive of_: pret. sg. þätte Ongenþió ealdre be-snyðede Hæðcyn, 2925.

snyrian, w. v., _to hasten, hurry_: pret. pl. snyredon ät-somne (_hurried forward together_), 402.

snyttru, f., _intelligence, wisdom_: acc. sg. snyttru, 1727; dat. pl. mid môdes snyttrum, 1707; þe we ealle ær ne meahton snyttrum be-syrwan (_a deed which all of us together could not accomplish before with all our wisdom_), 943. Adv., _wisely_, 873.

somne. See samne.

sorgian, w. v.: 1) _to be grieved, sorrow_: imper. sg. II. ne sorga! 1385.--2) _to care for, trouble one's self about_: inf. nô þu ymb mînes ne þearft lîces feorme leng sorgian (_thou needst not care longer about my life's [body's] sustenance_), 451.

sorh, st. f., _grief, pain, sorrow_: nom. sg., 1323; sorh is me tô secganne (_pains me to say_), 473; acc. sg. sorge, 119, 2464; dat. instr. sg. mid þære sorge, 2469; sorge (_in sorrow, grieved_), 1150; gen. sg. worna fela ... sorge, 2005; dat. pl. sorgum, 2601; gen. pl. sorga, 149.--Comp.: hyge-, inwit-, þegn-sorh.

sorh-cearig, adj., _curis sollicitus, heart-broken_: nom. sg., 2456.

sorh-ful, adj., _sorrowful, troublesome, difficult_: nom. sg., 2120; acc. sg. sorh-fullne (sorh-fulne) sîð, 512, 1279, 1430.

sorh-leás, adj., _free from sorrow_ or _grief_: nom. sg., 1673.

sorh-leoð, st. n., _dirge, song of sorrow_: acc. sg., 2461.

sorh-wylm, st. m., _wave of sorrow_ nom. pl. sorh-wylmas, 905.

sôcn, st. f., _persecution, hostile pursuit_ or _attack_ (see sêcan): dat, (instr.) þære sôcne (by reason of Grendel's persecution), 1778.

sôð, st. n., _sooth, truth_:: acc. sg. sôð, 532, 701, 1050, 1701, 2865; dat. sg. tô sôðe (_in truth_), 51, 591, 2326.

sôð, adj., _true, genuine_: nom. sg, þät is sôð metod, 1612; acc. sg. n. gyd âwräc sôð and sâr-lîc, 2110.

sôðe, adv., _truly, correctly, accurately_, 524; sôðe gebunden (of alliterative verse: _accurately put together_), 872.

sôð-cyning, st. m., _true king_: nom. sg. sigora sôð-cyning (_God_), 3056.

sôð-fäst, adj., _soothfast, established in truth, orthodox_ (here used of the Christian martyrs): gen. pl. sôð-fästra dôm (_glory, realm, of the saints_), 2821.

sôð-lîce, adv., _in truth, truly, truthfully_, 141, 273, 2900.

sôfte, adv., _gently, softly_: compar. þý sêft (_the more easily_), 2750.--Comp. un-sôfte.

sôna, adv., _soon, immediately_, 121, 722, 744, 751, 1281, 1498, 1592, 1619, 1763, etc.

on-spannan, st. v., _to un-span, unloose_: pret. sg. his helm on-speón (_loosed his helm_), 2724.

spel, st. n., _narrative, speech_: acc. sg. spell, 2110; acc. pl. spel, 874; gen. pl. spella, 2899, 3030.--Comp. weá-spel.

spêd, st. f.: 1) _luck, success_: in comp. here-, wîg-spêd.--2) _skill, facility_: acc. sg. on spêd (_skilfully_), 874.

spîwan, st. v., _to spit, spew_, w. instr.: inf. glêdum spîwan (_spit fire_), 2313

spor, st. n., _spur_: in comp. hand-spor.

spôwan, st. v., _to speed well, help, avail_: pret. sg. him wiht ne speów (_availed him naught_), 2855; hû him ät æte speów (_how he sped in the eating_), 3027.

spræc, st. f., _speech, language_: instr. sg. frêcnan spræce (_through bold, challenging, discourse_), 1105.--Comp.: æfen-, gylp-spræc.

sprecan, st. v., _to speak_: inf. ic sceal forð sprecan gen ymbe Grendel _(I shall go on speaking about G._), 2070; w. acc. se þe wyle sôð sprecan (_he who will speak the truth_), 2865; imper. tô Geátum sprec (spræc, MS.), 1172; pret. sg. III. spräc, 1169, 1699, 2511, 2725; word äfter spräc, 341; nô ymbe þâ fæhðe spräc, 2619; II. hwät þu worn fela ... ymb Brecan spræce (_how much thou hast spoken of Breca!_), 531; pl. hwät wit geó spræcon (_what we two spoke of before_), 1477; gomele ymb gôdne on-geador spræcon, þät big ... _(the graybeards spoke together about the valiant one, that they ..._), 1596; swâ wit furðum spræcon (_as we two spoke, engaged, before_), 1708; pret. part. þâ wäs ... þryð-word sprecen, 644.

ge-sprecan, w. acc., _to speak_: pret. sg. ge-spräc, 676, 1399, 1467, 3095.

spreót, st. m., _pole; spear, pike_: in comp. eofor-spreót.

springan, st. v., _to jump, leap; flash_: pret. sg. hrâ wîde sprong _(the body bounded far_), 1589; swât ædrum sprong forð under fexe (_the blood burst out in streams from under his hair_), 2967; pl. wîde sprungon hilde-leóman (_flashed afar_), 2583. Also figuratively: blæd wîde sprang (_his repute spread afar_), 18.

ge-springan, _to spring forth_: pret. sg. swâ þät blôd ge-sprang (_as the blood burst forth_), 1668. Figuratively, _to arise, originate_: pret. sg. Sigemunde gesprong äfter deáð-däge dôm un-lytel, 885.

on-springan, _to burst in two, spring asunder_: pret. pl. seonowe onsprungon, burston bânlocan 818.

standan, st. v.: 1) absolutely or with prep., _to stand_: pres. III. pl. eóred-geatwe þe ge þær on standað (_the warlike accoutrements wherein ye there stand_), 2867; inf. ge-seah ... orcas stondan (_saw vessels standing_), 2761; pret. sg. ät hýðe stôd hringed-stefna (_in the harbor stood the curved-prowed?, metal-covered?, ship_), 32; stôd on stapole (_stood near the [middle] column_), 927; so, 1914, 2546; þät him on aldre stôd here-stræl hearda (_that the sharp war-arrow stood in his vitals_), 1435; so, 2680; pl. gâras stôdon ... samod ät-gädere (_the spears stood together_), 328; him big stôdan bunan and orcas (_by him stood cans and pots_), 3048. Also of still water: pres. sg. III. nis þät feor heonon ... þät se mere standeð, 1363.--2) with predicate adj., _to stand, continue in a certain state_: subj. pres. þät þes sele stande ... rinca ge-hwylcum îdel and unnyt (_that this hall stands empty and useless for every warrior_), 411; inf. hord-wynne fand eald uht-sceaða opene standan, 2272; pret. sg. ôð þät îdel stôd hûsa sêlest, 145; so, 936; wäter under stôd dreórig and ge-drêfed, 1418--3) _to belong_ or _attach to; issue_: pret. sg. Norð-Denum stôd atelîc egesa (_great terror clung to, overcame, the North Danes_), 784; þâra ânum stôd sadol searwum fâh (_on one of the steeds lay an ingeniously-inlaid saddle_), 1038; byrne-leóma eldum on andan (_burning light stood forth, a horror to men_), 2314; leóht inne stôd (_a light stood in it_, i.e. the sword), 1571; him of eágum stôd ... leóht unfäger (_an uncanny light issued from his eyes_), 727; so, þät [fram] þam gyste [gryre-] brôga stôd, 2229.

â-standan, _to stand up, arise_: pret. sg. â-stôd, 760, 1557, 2093.

ät-standan, _to stand at, near_, or _in_: pret. sg. þät hit (i.e. þät swurd) on wealle ät-stôd, 892.

for-standan, _to stand against_ or _before_, hence: 1) _to hinder, prevent_: pret. sg. (breóst-net) wið ord and wið ecge in-gang for-stôd (_the shirt of mail prevented point or edge from entering_), 1550; subj. nefne him witig god wyrd for-stôde (_if the wise God had not warded off such a fate from them_, i.e. the men threatened by Grendel), 1057.--2) _defend_, w. dat. of person against whom: inf. þät he ... mihte heáðo-lîðendum hord for-standan, bearn and brýde (_that he might protect his treasure, his children, and his spouse from the sea-farers_), 2956.

ge-standan, intrans., _to stand_: pret. sg. ge-stôd, 358, 404, 2567; pl. nealles him on heápe hand-gesteallan ... ymbe gestôdon (_not at all did his boon-companions stand serried around him_), 2597.

stapa, w. m., _stepper, strider_: in comp. hæð-, mearc-stapa.

stapan, st. v., _to step, stride, go forward_: pret. sg. eorl furður stôp, 762; gum-fêða stop lind-häbbendra (_the troop of shield-warriors strode on_), 1402.

ät-stapan, _to stride up_ or _to_: pret. sg. forð neár ät-stôp (_strode up nearer_), 746.

ge-stapan, _to walk, stride_: pret. sg. he to forð gestôp dyrnan cräfte, dracan heáfde neáh (_he_, i.e. the man that robbed the dragon of the vessel, _had through hidden craft come too near the dragon's head_), 2290.

stapol, st. m., (=[Greek: básis]), _trunk of a tree_; hence, _support, pillar, column_: dat. sg. stôd on stapole (_stood by_ or _near the wooden middle column of Heorot_), 927; instr. pl. þâ stân-bogan stapulum fäste (_the arches of stone upheld by pillars_), 2719. See Note.

starian, w. v., _to stare, look intently at_: pres. sg. I. þät ic on þone hafelan ... eágum starige (_that I see the head with my eyes_), 1782; þâra frätwa ... þe ic her on starie (_for the treasures ... that I here look upon_), 2797; III. þonne he on þät sine starað, 1486; sg. for pl. þâra þe on swylc starað, 997; pret. sg. þät (sin-freá) hire an däges eágum starede, 1936; pl. on mere staredon, 1604.

stân, st. m., 1) _stone_: in comp. eorclan-stân.--2) _rock_: acc. sg. under (ofer) hârne stân, 888, 1416, 2554, 2745; dat. sg. stâne, 2289, 2558.

stân-beorh, st. m., _rocky elevation, stony mountain_: acc. sg. stân-beorh steápne, 2214.

stân-boga, w. m., _stone arch, arch hewn out of the rock_: dat. sg. stân-bogan, 2546; nom. pl. stân-bogan, 2719.

stân-clif, st. n., _rocky cliff_: acc. pl. stân-cleofu, 2541.

stân-fâh, adj., _stone-laid, paved with stones of different colors_: nom. sg. stræt wäs stân-fâh (_the street was of different colored stones_), 320.

stân-hlið, st. n., _rocky slope_: acc. pl. stân-hliðo, 1410.

stäf, st. m.: 1) _staff_: in comp. rûn-staf.--2) _elementum_: in comp. âr-, ende-, fâcen-stäf.

stäl, st. m., _place, stead_: dat. sg. þät þu me â wære forð-gewitenum on fäder stäle (_that thou, if I died, wouldst represent a father's place to me_), 1480.

stælan, w. v., _to place; allure_ or _instigate_: inf. þâ ic on morgne ge-frägn mæg ôðerne billes ecgum on bonan stælan _(then I learned that on the morrow one brother instigated the other to murder with the sword's edge_; or, _one avenged the other on the murderer_?, cf. 2962 seqq.), 2486.

ge-stælan, _to place, impose, institute_: pret. part. ge feor hafað fæhðe ge-stæled (_Grendel's mother has further begun hostilities against us_), 1341.

stede, st. m., _place, -stead_: in comp. bæl-, burh-, folc-, heáh-, meðel-, wang-, wîc-stede.

stefn, st. f., _voice_: nom. sg., 2553; instr. sg. niwan (niówan) stefne (properly novâ voce) = denuo, _anew, again_, 2595, 1790.

stefn, st. m., _prow of a ship_: acc. sg., 213; see bunden-, hringed-, wunden-stefna.

on-stellan, w. v., _constituere, to cause, bring about_: pret. sg. se þäs or-leges ôr on-stealde, 2408.

steng, st. m., _pole, pike_: in comp wäl-steng.

ge-steppan, w. v., _to stride, go_: pret. sg. folce ge-stepte ofer sæ sîde sunu Ôhtheres (_O.'s son_, i.e. Eádgils, _went with warriors over the broad sea_), 2394.

stede (O.H.G. stâti, M.H.G. stæte), adj., _firm, steady_: nom. sg. wäs stêde nägla ge-hwylc stýle ge-lîcost (_each nail-place was firm as steel_), 986.

stêpan, w. v. w. acc., _to exalt, honor_: pret. sg. þeáh þe hine mihtig god ... eafeðum stêpte, 1718.

ge-steald, st. n., _possessions, property_: in comp. in-gesteald, 1156.

ge-stealla, w. m., (contubernalis), _companion, comrade_: in comp. eaxl-, fyrd-, hand-, lind-, nýd-ge-stealla.

stearc-heort, adj., (fortis animo), _stout-hearted, courageous_: nom. sg. (of the dragon), 2289; (of Beówulf), 2553.

steáp, adj., _steep, projecting, towering_: acc. sg. steápne hrôf, 927; stân-beorh steápne, 2214; wið steápne rond, 2567; acc. pl. m. beorgas steápe, 222; neut. steáp stân-hliðo, 1410.--Comp. heaðo-steáp.

stille, adj., _still, quiet_: nom. sg. wîd-floga wundum stille, 2831.

stille, adv., _quietly_, 301.

stincan, st. v., _to smell; snuff_: pret. sg. stonc þâ äfter stâne (_snuffed along the stone_), 2289.

stîð, adj., _hard, stiff_: nom. sg. wunden-mæl (swurd) ... stîð and stýlecg, 1534.

stîð-môd, adj., _stout-hearted, unflinching_: nom. sg., 2567.

stîg, st. m., _way, path_: nom. sg., 320, 2214; acc. pl. stîge nearwe, 1410--Comp. medu-stîg.

stîgan, st. v., _to go, ascend_: pret. sg. þâ he tô holme [st]âg (_when he plunged forward into the sea_), 2363; pl. beornas ... on stefn stigon, 212; Wedera leóde on wang stigon, 225; subj. pret. ær he on bed stige, 677.

â-stîgan, _to ascend_: pres. sg. þonon ýð-geblond up â-stîgeð won tô wolcnum, 1374; gûð-rinc â-stâh (_the fierce hero ascended_, i.e. was laid on the pyre? or, _the fierce smoke_ [rêc] _ascended?_), 1119; gamen eft â-stâh (_joy again went up, resounded_), 1161; wudu-rêc â-stâh sweart of swioðole, 3145; swêg up â-stâg, 783.

ge-stîgan, _to ascend, go up_: pret. sg. þâ ic on holm ge-stâh, 633.

storm, st. m., _storm_: nom. sg. stræla storm (_storm of missiles_), 3118; instr. sg. holm storme weól (_the sea billowed stormily_), 1132.

stôl, st. m., _chair, throne, seat_: in comp. brego-, êðel-, gif-, gum-stôl.

stôw, st. f., _place, -stow_: nom. sg. nis þät heóru stôw (_a haunted spot_), 1373; acc. sg. frêcne stôwe, 1379; grund-bûendra gearwe stôwe _(the place prepared for men_, i.e. death-bed; see gesacan and ge-nýdan), 1007: comp. wäl-stow.

strang, strong, adj., _strong; valiant; mighty_: nom. sg. wäs þät ge-win tô strang (_that sorrow was too great_), 133; þu eart mägenes strang (_strong of body_), 1845; wäs sió hond tô strong (_the hand was too powerful_), 2685; superl. wîgena strengest (_strongest of warriors_), 1544; mägenes strengest (_strongest in might_), 196; mägene strengest, 790.

strâdan? (cf. stræde = passus, gressus), _to tread_, (be)-_stride, stride over_ (Grein): subj. pres. se þone wong strâde, 3074. See Note.

stræl, st. m., _arrow, missile_: instr. sg. biteran stræle, 1747; gen. pl. stræla storm, 3118.

stræt, st. f., _street, highway_: nom. sg., 320; acc. sg. stræte, 1635; fealwe stræte, 917.--Comp.: lagu-, mere-stræt.

strengel, st. m., (_endowed with strength_), _ruler, chief_: acc. sg. wîgena strengel, 3116.

strengo, st. f., _strength, power, violence_: acc. sg. mägenes strenge, 1271; dat. sg. strenge, 1534; strengo, 2541;--dat. pl. strengum = _violently, powerfully_ [_loosed from the strings_?], 3118: in comp. hilde-, mägen-, mere-strengo.

strêgan (O.S. strôwian), w. v., _to strew, spread_: pret. part, wäs þäm yldestan ... morðorbed strêd (_the death-bed was spread for the eldest one_), 2437.

streám, st. m., _stream, flood, sea_: acc. sg. streám, 2546; nom. pl. streámas, 212; acc. pl. streámas, 1262: comp. brim-, eágor-, firgen-, lagu-streám.

ge-streón (cf. streón = robur, vis), st. n., _property, possessions_; hence, _valuables, treasure, jewels_: nom. pl. Heaðo-beardna ge-streón (_the costly treasure of the Heathobeardas_, i.e. the accoutrements belonging to the slain H.), 2038; acc. pl. äðelinga, eorla ge-streón, 1921, 3168.--Comp.: ær-, eald-, eorl-, heáh-, hord-, long-, mâðm-, sinc-, þeód-ge-streón.

strûdan, st. v., _to plunder, carry off_: subj. pres. näs þâ on hlytme hwâ þät hord strude, 3127.

ge-strýnan, w. v. w. acc., _to acquire, gain_: inf. þäs þe (_because_) ic môste mînum leódum ... swylc ge-strýnan, 2799.

stund, st. f., _time, space of time, while_: adv. dat. pl. stundum (_at times_), 1424.

styrian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to arrange, put in order, tell_: inf. secg eft on-gan sîð Beówulfes snyttrum styrian (_the poet then began to tell B.'s feat skilfully_, i.e. put in poetic form), 873.--2) _to rouse, stir up_: pres. sg. III. þonne wind styreð lâð ge-widru (_when the wind stirreth up the loathly weather_), 1375.--3) _to move against, attack, disturb_: subj. pres. þät he ... hring-sele hondum styrede (_that he should attack the ring-hall with his hands_), 2841.

styrman, w. v., _to rage, cry out_: pret. sg. styrmde, 2553.

stýle, st. n., _steel_: dat. sg. stýle, 986.

stýl-ecg, adj., _steel-edged_: nom. sg., 1534.

be-stýman, w. v., _to inundate, wet, flood_: pret. part. (wæron) eal benc-þelu blôde be-stýmed, 486.

suhtor-ge-fäderan (collective), w. m. pl., _uncle and nephew, father's brother and brother's son_: nom. pl., 1165.

sum, pron.: 1) indef., _one, a, any, a certain_; neut. _something_: a) without part. gen.: nom. sg. sum, 1252; hilde-rinc sum, 3125; neut. ne sceal þær dyrne sum wesan (_naught there shall be hidden_), 271; acc. sg. m. sumne, 1433; instr. sg. sume worde (_by a word, expressly_), 2157; nom. pl. sume, 400, 1114; acc. pl. sume, 2941. b) with part. gen.: nom. sg. gumena sum (_one of men, a man_), 1500, 2302; mere-hrägla sum, 1906; þät wäs wundra sum, 1608; acc. sg. gylp-worda sum, 676. c) with gen. of cardinals or notions of multitude: nom. sg. fîftena sum (_one of fifteen, with fourteen companions_), 207; so, eahta sum, 3124; feára sum (_one of few, with a few_), 1413; acc. sg. manigra sumne (_one of many, with many_), 2092; manna cynnes sumne (_one of the men_), i.e. one of the watchmen in Heorot), 714; feára sumne (_some few, one of few_; or, _one of the foes_?), 3062.--2) with part. gen. sum sometimes = _this, that, the afore-mentioned_: nom. sg. eówer sum (_a certain one, that one, of you_, i.e. Beówulf), 248; gûð-beorna sum (_the afore-mentioned warrior_, i.e. who had shown the way to Hrôðgâr's palace), 314; eorla sum (_the said knight_, i.e. Beówulf), 1313; acc. sg. hord-ärna sum (_a certain hoard-hall_), 2280.

sund, st. m.: 1) _swimming_: acc. sg. ymb sund, 507; dat. sg. ät sunde (_in swimming_), 517; on sunde (_a-swimming_), 1619; gen. sg. sundes, 1437.--2) _sea, ocean, sound_: nom. sg., 223; acc. sg. sund, 213, 512, 539, 1427, 1445.

ge-sund, adj., _sound, healthy, unimpaired_: acc. sg. m. ge-sundne, 1629, 1999; nom. pl. ge-sunde, 2076; acc. pl. w. gen. fäder alwalda ... eówic ge-healde sîða ge-sunde (_the almighty Father keep you safe and sound on your journey!_), 318.--Comp. an-sund.

sund-ge-bland, st. n., (_the commingled sea_), _sea-surge, sea-wave_: acc. sg., 1451.

sund-nyt, st. f., _swimming-power_ or _employment, swimming_: acc. sg. sund-nytte dreáh (_swam through the sea_), 2361.

sundur, sundor, adv., _asunder, in twain_: sundur gedælan (_to separate, sunder_), 2423.

sundor-nyt, st. f., _special service_ (service in a special case): acc. sg. sundor-nytte, 668.

sund-wudu, st. m., (_sea-wood_), _ship_: nom. acc. sg. sund-wudu, 208, 1907.

sunne, w. f., _sun_: nom. sg., 607; gen. sg. sunnan, 94, 649.

sunu, st. m., _son_: nom. sg., 524, 591, 646, 981, 1090, 1486, etc.; acc. sg. sunu, 268, 948, 1116, 1176, 1809, 2014, 2120; dat. sg. suna, 344, 1227, 2026, 2161, 2730; gen. sg. suna, 2456, 2613, (1279); nom. pl. suna, 2381.

sûð, adv., _south, southward_, 859.

sûðan, adv., _from the south_, 607; sigel sûðan fûs (_the sun inclined from the south_), 1967.

swaðrian, w. v., _to sink to rest, grow calm_: brimu swaðredon (_the waves became calm_), 570. See sweðrian.

swaðu, st. f., _trace, track, pathway_: acc. sg. swaðe, 2099.--Comp.: swât-, wald-swaðu.

swaðul, st. m.? n.?, _smoke, mist_ (Dietrich in Haupt V. 215): dat. sg. on swaðule, 783. See sweoðol.

swancor, adj., _slender, trim_: acc. pl. þrió wicg swancor, 2176.

swan-râd, st. f., _swan-road, sea_: acc. sg. ofer swan-râde, 200.

and-swarian, w. v., _to answer_: pret. sg. him se yldesta and-swarode, 258; so, 340.

swâ: 1) demons, adv., _so, in such a manner, thus_: swâ sceal man dôn, 1173, 1535; swâ þâ driht-guman dreámum lifdon, 99; þät ge-äfndon swâ (_that we thus accomplished_), 538; þær hie meahton (i.e. feorh ealgian), 798; so, 20, 144, 189, 559, 763, 1104, 1472, 1770, 2058, 2145, 2178, 2991; swâ manlîce _(so like a man_), 1047; swâ fela (_so many_), 164, 592; swâ deórlîce dæd (_so valiant a deed_), 585; hine swâ gôdne (_him so good_), 347; on swâ geongum feore (_in so youthful age_), 1844; ge-dêð him swâ ge-wealdene worolde dælas þät ... (_makes parts of the world so subject to him that_...), 1733. In comparisons = _ever, the_ (adv.): me þîn môd-sefa lîcað leng swâ wel (_thy mind pleases me ever so well, the longer the better_), 1855. As an asseverative = _so_: swâ me Higelâc sîe ... môdes blîðe (_so be Higelac gracious-minded to me!_), 435; swâ þeáh (_nevertheless, however_), 973, 1930, 2879; swâ þêh, 2968; hwäðre swâ þeáh (_yet however_), 2443.--2): a) conj., _as, so as_: ôð þät his byre mihte eorlscipe efnan swâ his ærfäder (_until his son might do noble deeds, as his old father did_), 2623; eft swâ ær (_again as before_), 643;--with indic.: swâ he selfa bäd (_as he himself requested_), 29; swâ he oft dyde (_as he often did_), 444; gæð â Wyrd swâ hió sceal, 455; swâ guman gefrungon, 667; so, 273, 352, 401, 561, 1049, 1056, 1059, 1135, 1232, 1235, 1239, 1253, 1382, etc.;--with subj.: swâ þîn sefa hwette _(as pleases thy mind_, i.e. any way thou pleasest), 490. b) _as, as then, how_, 1143; swâ hie â wæron ... nýd-gesteallan (_as they were ever comrades in need_), 882; swâ hit diópe ... be-nemdon þeódnas mære (_as, [how?] the mighty princes had deeply cursed it_), 3070; swâ he manna wäs wîgend weorðfullost (_as he of men the worthiest warrior was_), 3099. c) _just as, the moment when_: swâ þät blôd gesprang, 1668. d) _so that_: swâ he ne mihte nô (_so that he might not..._), 1509; so, 2185, 2007.--3) = qui, quae, quod, German so: worhte wlite-beorhtne wang swâ wäter bebûgeð (_wrought the beauteous plain which_ (acc.) _water surrounds_), 93.--4) swâ ... swâ = _so ... as_, 595, 687-8, 3170; efne swâ ... swâ (_even so ... as_), 1093-4, 1224, 1284; efne swâ hwylc mägða swâ (_such a woman as, whatsoever woman_), 944; efne swâ hwylcum manna swâ (_even so to each man as_), 3058.

for-swâfan, st. v., _to carry away, sweep off_: pret. sg. ealle Wyrd for-sweóf mîne mâgas tô metod-sceafte, 2815.

for-swâpan, st. v., _to sweep off, force_: pret. sg. hie Wyrd forsweóp on Grendles gryre, 477.

swât, st. m., (_sweat_), _wound-blood_: nom. sg., 2694, 2967; instr. sg. swâte, 1287.--Comp. heaðo-, hilde-swât.

swât-fâh, adj., _blood-stained_: nom. sg., 1112.

swâtig, adj., _gory_: nom. sg., 1570.

swât-swaðu, st. f., _blood-trace_: nom. sg., 2947.

be-swælan, w. v., _to scorch_: pret. part. wäs se lêg-draca ... glêdum beswæled, 3042.

swæs, adj., _intimate, special, dear_: acc. sg. swæsne êðel, 520; nom. pl. swæse ge-sîðas, 29; acc. pl. leóde swæse, 1869; swæse ge-sîðas, 2041; gen. pl. swæsra ge-sîða, 1935.

swæs-lîce, adv., _pleasantly, in a friendly manner_, 3090.

swebban, w. v., (_to put to sleep_), _to kill_: inf. ic hine sweorde swebban nelle, 680; pres. sg. III. (absolutely) swefeð, 601.

â-swebban, _to kill, slay_: pret. part. nom. pl. sweordum â-swefede, 567.

sweðrian, w. v., _to lessen, diminish_: inf. þät þät fyr ongan sweðrian, 2703; pret. siððan Heremôdes hild sweðrode, 902.

swefan, st. v.: 1) _to sleep_: pres. sg. III. swefeð, 1742; inf. swefan, 119, 730, 1673; pret. sg. swäf, 1801; pl. swæfon, 704; swæfun, 1281.--2) _to sleep the death-sleep, die_: pres. sg. III. swefeð, 1009, 2061, 2747; pl. swefað, 2257, 2458.

swegel, st. n., _ether, clear sky_: dat. sg. under swegle, 1079, 1198; gen. sg. under swegles begong, 861, 1774.

swegle, adj., _bright, etherlike, clear_: acc. pl. swegle searo-gimmas, 2750.

swegel-wered, _quasi_ pret. part., _ether-clad_: nom. sg. sunne swegl-wered, 607.

swelgan, st. v., _to swallow_: pret. sg. w. instr. syn-snædum swealh (_swallowed in great bites_), 744; object omitted, subj. pres. nymðe lîges fäðm swulge on swaðule, 783.

for-swelgan, w. acc., _to swallow, consume_: pret. sg. for-swealg, 1123, 2081.

swellan, st. v., _to swell_: inf. þâ sió wund on-gan ... swêlan and swellan, 2714.

sweltan, st. v., _to die, perish_: pret. sg. swealt, 1618, 2475; draca morðre swealt (_died a violent death_), 893, 2783; wundor-deáðe swealt, 3038; hioro-dryncum swealt, 2359.

swencan, w. v., _to swink, oppress, strike_: pret. sg. hine wundra þäs fela swencte (MS. swecte) on sunde, 1511.

ge-swencan, _to oppress, strike, injure_: pret. sg. syððan hine Hæðcyn ... flâne geswencte, 2439; pret. part. synnum ge-swenced, 976; hæðstapa hundum ge-swenced, 1369.--Comp. lyft-ge-swenced.

sweng, st. m., _blow, stroke_: dat. sg. swenge, 1521, 2967; swenge _(with its stroke_), 2687; instr. pl. sweordes swengum, 2387.--Comp.: feorh-, hete-, heaðo-, heoro-sweng.

swerian, st. v., _to swear_: pret. w. acc. I. ne me swôr fela âða on unriht (_swore no false oaths_), 2739; he me âðas swôr, 472.

for-swerian, w. instr., _to forswear, renounce (protect with magic formulæ?)_: pret. part. he sige-wæpnum for-sworen häfde, 805.

swêg, st. m., _sound, noise, uproar_: nom. sg. swêg, 783; hearpan swêg, 89, 2459, 3024; sige-folca swêg, 645; sang and swêg, 1064; dat. sg. swêge, 1215.--Comp.: benc-, morgen-swêg.

swêlan, w. v., _to burn_ (here of wounds): inf. swêlan, 2714. See swælan.

sweart, adj., _swart, black, dark_: nom. sg. wudu-rêc sweart, 3146; dat. pl. sweartum nihtum, 167.

sweoðol (cf. O.H.G. suedan, suethan = cremare; M.H.G. swadem = vapor; and Dietrich in Haupt V., 215), st. m.? n.?, _vapor, smoke, smoking flame_: dat. sg. ofer swioðole (MS. swic ðole), 3146. See swaðul.

sweofot, st. m., _sleep_: dat. sg. on sweofote, 1582, 2296.

sweoloð, st. m., _heat, fire, flame_: dat. sg. sweoloðe, 1116. Cf. O.H.G. suilizo, suilizunga = ardor, cauma.

sweorcan, st. v., _to trouble, darken_. pres. sg. III. ne him inwit-sorh on sefan sweorceð (_darkens his soul_), 1738.

for-sweorcan, _to grow dark_ or _dim_: pres. sg. III. eágena bearhtm for-siteð and for-sworceð, 1768.

ge-sweorcan (intrans.), _to darken_: pret. sg. niht-helm ge-swearc, 1790.

sweord, swurd, swyrd, st. n., _sword_: nom. sg. sweord, 1287, 1290, 1570, 1606, 1616, 1697; swurd, 891; acc. sg. sweord, 437, 673, 1559, 1664, 1809, 2253, 2500, etc.; swurd, 539, 1902; swyrd, 2611, 2988; instr. sg. sweorde, 561, 574, 680, 2493, 2881; gen. sg. sweordes, 1107, 2194, 2387; acc. pl. sweord, 2639; nom. pl., 3049; instr. pl. sweordum, 567, 586, 885; gen. pl. sweorda, 1041, 2937, 2962.--Comp.: gûð-, mâððum-, wæg-sweord.

sweord, st. f., _oath_: in comp. âð-sweord _(sword-oath_?), 2065.

sweord-bealo, st. n., _sword-bale, death by the sword_: nom. sg., 1148.

sweord-freca, w. m., _sword-warrior_: dat. sg. sweord-frecan, 1469.

sweord-gifu, st. f., _sword-gift, giving of swords_: nom. sg. swyrd-gifu, 2885.

sweotol, swutol, adj.: 1) _clear, bright_: nom. sg. swutol sang scôpes, 90.--2) _plain, manifest_: nom. sg. syndolh sweotol, 818; tâcen sweotol, 834; instr. sg. sweotolan tâcne, 141.

sweóf, sweóp. See swâfan, swâpan.

swið, st. n.? (O.N. swiði), _burning pain_: in comp. þryð-swið(?).

swift, adj., _swift_: nom. sg. se swifta mearh, 2265.

swimman, swymman, st. v., _to swim_: inf. swymman, 1625.

ofer-swimman, w. acc., _to swim over_ or _through_: pret. sg. ofer-swam sioleða bigong (_swam over the sea_), 2368.

swincan, st. v., _to struggle, labor, contend_: pret. pl. git on wäteres æht seofon niht swuncon, 517.

ge-swing, st. n., _surge, eddy_: nom. sg. atol ýða geswing, 849.

swingan, st. v., _to swing one's self, fly_: pres. sg. III. ne gôd hafoc geond säl swingeð, 2265.

swîcan, st. v.: 1) _to deceive, leave in the lurch, abandon_: pret. sg. næfre hit (_the sword_) ät hilde ne swâc manna ængum, 1461.--2) _to escape_: subj. pret. bûtan his lîc swice, 967.

ge-swîcan, _to deceive, leave in the lurch_: pret. sg. gûð-bill ge-swâc nacod ät nîðe, 2585, 2682; w. dat. seó ecg ge-swâc þeódne ät þearfe (_the sword failed the prince in need_), 1525.

swîð, swýð (Goth, swinþ-s), adj., _strong, mighty_: nom. sg. wäs þät ge-win tô swýð, 191.--Comp. nom. sg. sió swîðre hand (_the right hand_), 2099; _harsh_, 3086.

swîðe, adv., _strongly, very, much_, 598, 998, 1093, 1744, 1927; swýðe, 2171, 2188. Compar. swîðor, _more, rather, more strongly_, 961, 1140, 1875, 2199--Comp. un-swîðe.

ofer-swîðian, w. v., _to overcome, vanquish_, w. acc. of person: pres. sg. III. oferswýðeð, 279, 1769.

swîð-ferhð, adj., (_fortis animo_), _strong-minded, bold, brave_: nom. sg. swýð-ferhð, 827; gen. sg. swîð-ferhðes, 909; nom. pl. swîð-ferhðe, 493; dat. pl. swîð-ferhðum, 173.

swîð-hycgend, pres. part. (_strenue cogitans_), _bold-minded, brave in spirit_: nom. sg. swîð-hycgende, 920; nom. pl. swîð-hycgende, 1017.

swîð-môd, adj., _strong-minded_: nom. sg., 1625.

on-swîfan, st. v. w. acc., _to swing, turn, at_ or _against, elevate_: pret. sg. biorn (Beówulf) bord-rand on-swâf wið þam gryre-gieste, 2560.

swîgian, w. v., _to be silent, keep silent_: pret. sg. lyt swîgode niwra spella (_kept little of the new tidings silent_), 2898; pl. swîgedon ealle, 1700.

swîgor, adj., _silent, taciturn_: nom, sg. weak, þâ wäs swîgra secg ... on gylp-spræce gûð-ge-weorca, 981.

swîn, swýn, st. n., _swine, boar_ (image on the helm): nom. sg. swýn, 1112; acc. sg. swîn, 1287.

swîn-lîc, st. n., _swine-image_ or _body_: instr. pl. swîn-lîcum, 1454.

swôgan, st. v., _to whistle, roar_: pres. part. swôgende lêg, 3146.

swutol. See sweotol.

swylc, swilc (Goth, swa-leik-s), demons, adj. = _talis, such, such a_; relative = _qualis, as, which_: nom. sg. swylc, 178, 1941, 2542, 2709; swylc ... swylc=talis ... qualis, 1329; acc. sg. swylc, 2799; eall ... swylc (_all ... which, as_), 72; ôðer swylc (_such another_, i.e. hand), 1584; on swylc (_on such things_), 997; dat. sg. gûð-fremmendra swylcum (_to such a battle-worker_, i.e. Beówulf), 299; gen. sg. swylces hwät (_some such_), 881; acc. pl. swylce, 2870; call swylce ... swylce, 3166; swylce twegen (_two such_), 1348; ealle þearfe swylce (_all needs that_), 1798; swylce hie ... findan meahton sigla searo-gimma (_such as they might find of jewels and cunning gems_), 1157; efne swylce mæla swylce (_at just such times as_), 1250; gen. pl. swylcra searo-nîða, 582; swylcra fela ... ær-gestreóna, 2232.

swylce, adv., _as, as also, likewise, similarly_, 113, 293, 758, 831, 855, 908, 921, 1147, 1166, 1428, 1483, 2460, 2825; ge swylce (_and likewise_), 2259; swilce, 1153.

swylt, st. m., _death_: nom. sg., 1256, 1437.

swylt-däg, st. m., _death-day_: dat. sg. ær swylt-däge, 2799.

swynsian, w. v., _to sound_: pret. sg. hlyn swynsode, 612.

swyrd. See sweord.

swýðl. See swîð.

swýn. See swîn.

syððan (seðian, Gen. 1525), w. v., _to punish, avenge_, w. acc.: inf. þonne hit sweordes ecg syððan scolde (_then the edge of the sword should avenge it_), 1107.

syððan. See siððan.

syfan-wintre, adj., _seven-winters-old_: nom. sg., 2429.

syhð. See seón.

syl (O.H.G. swella), st. f., _sill, bench-support_: dat. sg. fram sylle, 776.

sylfa. See selfa.

syllan. See sellan.

syllîc. See sellîc.

symbol, syml, st. n., _banquet, entertainment_: acc. sg. symbel, 620, 1011; geaf me sinc and symbel (_gave me treasure and feasting_, i.e. made me his friend and table-companion), 2432; þät hie ... symbel ymbsæton (_that they might sit round their banquet_), 564; dat. sg. symle, 81, 489, 1009; symble, 119, 2105; gen. pl. symbla, 1233.

symble, symle, adv., _continually, ever_: symble, 2451; symle, 2498; symle wäs þý sæmra (_he was ever the worse, the weaker_, i.e. the dragon), 2881.

symbel-wyn, st. f., _banqueting-pleasure, joy at feasting_: acc. sg. symbel-wynne dreóh, 1783.

syn, st. f., _sin, crime_: nom. synn and sacu, 2473; dat. instr. pl. synnum, 976, 1256, 3072.

syn. See sin.

syn-bysig, adj., (culpa laborans), _persecuted on account of guilt?_ (Rieger), _guilt-haunted?_: nom. sg. secg syn-[by]sig, 2228.

ge-syngian, w. v., _to sin, commit a crime_: pret. part. þät wäs feohleás ge-feoht, fyrenum ge-syngad, 2442.

synnig, adj., _sin-laden, sinful_: acc. sg. m. sinnigne secg, 1380.--Comp.: fela-, un-synnig.

ge-synto, f., _health_: dat. pl. on gesyntum, 1870.

syrce. See serce.

syrwan, w. v. w. acc., _to entrap, catch unawares_: pret. sg. duguðe and geogoðe seomade and syrede, 161.

be-syrwan: 1) _to compass_ or _accomplish by finesse; effect_: inf. dæd þe we ealle ær ne meahton snyttrum be-syrwan (_a deed that all of us could not accomplish before with all our wisdom_), 943.--2) _to entrap by guile and destroy_: inf. mynte se mânscaða manna cynnes sumne be-syrwan (_the fell foe thought to entrap some one (all?_, see sum) _of the men_), 714.

sýn, f., _seeing, sight, scene_: comp, an-sýn.

ge-sýne, adj., _visible, to be seen_: nom. sg. 1256, 1404, 2948, 3059, 3160.--Comp.: êð-ge-sýne, ýð-ge-sêne.

T

taligean, w. v.: 1) _to count, reckon, number; esteem, think_: pres. sg. I. nô ic me ... hnâgran gûð-geweorca þonne Grendel hine (_count myself no worse than G. in battle-works_), 678; wên ic talige ...þät (_I count on the hope ... that_), 1846; telge, 2068; sg. III. þät ræd talað þät (_counts it gain that_), 2028.--2) _to tell, relate_: sôð ic talige (_I tell facts_), 532; swâ þu self talast (_as thou thyself sayst_), 595.

tâcen, st. n., _token, sign, evidence_: nom. sg. tâcen sweotol, 834; dat. instr. sg. sweotolan tâcne, 141; tîres tô tâcne, 1655.--Comp. luf-tâcen.

tân, st. m., _twig_: in comp. âter-tân. [emended to âter-teárum in text--KTH]

ge-tæcan, w. v., _to show, point out_: pret. sg. him þâ hilde-deór hof môdigra torht ge-tæhte (_the warrior pointed out to them the bright dwelling of the bold ones_, i.e. Danes), 313. Hence, _to indicate, assign_: pret. sôna me se mæra mago Healfdenes ... wið his sylfes sunu setl getæhte (_assigned me a seat by his own son_), 2014.

tæle, adj., _blameworthy_: in comp. un-tæle.

ge-tæse, adj., _quiet, still_: nom. sg. gif him wære ... niht ge-tæse (_whether he had a pleasant, quiet, night_), 1321.

tela, adv., _fittingly, well_, 949, 1219, 1226, 1821, 2209, 2738.

telge. See talian.

tellan, w. v., _to tell, consider, deem_: pret. sg. ne his lîf-dagas leóda ænigum nytte tealde (_nor did he count his life useful to any man_), 795; þät ic me ænigne under swegles begong ge-sacan ne tealde (_I believed not that I had any foe under heaven_), 1774; cwäð he þone gûð-wine gôdne tealde (_said he counted the war-friend good_), 1811; he ûsic gâr-wîgend gôde tealde (_deemed us good spear-warriors_), 2642; pl. swâ (_so that_) hine Geáta beam gôdne ne tealdon, 2185.--2) _to ascribe, count against, impose_: pret. sg. (Þryðo) him wälbende weotode tealde hand-gewriðene, 1937.

ge-tenge, adj., _attached to, lying on_: w. dat. gold ... grunde ge-tenge, 2759.

teár, st. m., _tear_: nom. pl. teáras, 1873.

teoh, st. f., _troop, band_: dat. sg. earmre teohhe, 2939.

(ge?)-teohhian, w. v., _to fix, determine, assign_: pret. sg. ic for lässan leán teohhode ... hnâhran rince, 952; pres. part. wäs ôðer in ær geteohhod (_assigned_)... mærum Geáte, 1301.

teón, st. v., _to draw, lead_: inf. hêht ... eahta mearas ... on flet teón (_bade eight horses be led into the hall_), 1037; pret. sg. me tô grunde teáh fâh feónd-sceaða (_the many-hued fiend-foe drew me to the bottom_), 553; eft-sîðas teáh (_withdrew, returned_), 1333; sg. for pl. æg-hwylcum ...þâra þe mid Beówulfe brim-lâde teáh (_to each of those that crossed the sea with B._) 1052; pret. part. þâ wäs ... heard ecg togen (_then was the hard edge drawn_), 1289; wearð ... on näs togen (_was drawn to the promontory_), 1440.

â-teón, _to wander, go_, intrans.: pret. sg. tô Heorute â-teáh (_drew to Heorot_), 767.

ge-teón: 1) _to draw_: pret. sg. gomel swyrd ge-teáh, 2611; w. instr. and acc. hyre seaxe ge-teáh, brad brûn-ecg, 1546.--2) _to grant, give, lend_: imp. nô þu him wearne geteóh þînra gegn-cwida glädnian (_refuse not to gladden them with thy answer_), 366; pret. sg. and þâ Beówulfe bega gehwäðres eodor Ingwina onweald ge-teáh (_and the prince of the Ingwins gave B. power over both_), 1045; so, he him êst geteáh (_gave possession of_), 2166.

of-teón, _to deprive, withdraw_, w. gen. of thing and dat. pers.: pret. sg. Scyld Scêfing ... monegum mægðum meodo-setla of-teáh, 5; w. acc. of thing, hond ... feorh-sweng ne of-teáh, 2490; w. dat. hond (hord, MS.) swenge ne of-teáh, 1521.

þurh-teón, _to effect_: inf. gif he torn-gemôt þurh-teón mihte, 1141.

teón (cf. teóh, _materia_, O.H.G. ziuc), w. v. w. acc., _to make, work_: pret. sg. teóde, 1453;--_to furnish out, deck_: pret. pl. nalas hi hine lässan lâcum teódan (_provided him with no less gifts_), 43.

ge-teón, _to provide, do, bring on_: pres. sg. unc sceal weorðan ... swâ unc Wyrd ge-teóð, 2527; pret. sg. þe him ... sâre ge-teóde (_who had done him this harm_), 2296.

ge-teóna, w. m., _injurer, harmer_: in comp. lâð-ge-teóna.

til, adj., _good, apt, fit_: nom. sg. m. Hâlga til, 61; þegn ungemete till (of Wîglâf), 2722; fem. wäs seó þeód tilu, 1251; neut. ne wäs þät ge-wrixle til, 1305.

tilian, w. v. w. gen., _to gain, win_: inf. gif ic ... ôwihte mäg þînre môd-lufan mâran tilian (_if I ... gain_), 1824.

timbrian, w. v., _to build_: pret. part. acc. sg. säl timbred (_the well-built hall_), 307.

be-timbrian, (construere), _to finish building, complete_: pret. pl. betimbredon on tyn dagum beadu-rôfes bêcn, 3161.

tîd, st. f., _-tide, time_: acc. sg. twelf wintra tîd, 147; lange tîd, 1916; in þâ tîde, 2228.--Comp.: ân-, morgen-tîd.

ge-tîðian (from tigðian), w. v., _to grant_: pret. part. impers. wäs ... bêne (gen.) ge-tîðad feásceaftum men, 2285.

tîr, st. m., _glory, repute in war_. gen. sg. tîres, 1655.

tîr-eádig, adj., _glorious, famous_: dat. sg. tîr-eádigum menn (of Beówulf), 2190.

tîr-fäst, adj., _famous, rich in glory_. nom. sg. (of Hrôðgâr), 923.

tîr-leás, adj., _without glory, infamous_: gen. sg. (of Grendel), 844.

toga, w. m., _leader_: in comp. folc-toga.

torht, adj., _bright, brilliant_: acc. sg. neut. hof ... torht, 313.--Comp.: wuldor-torht, heaðo-torht (_loud in battle_).

torn, st. n.: 1) _wrath, insult, distress_: acc. sg. torn, 147, 834; gen. pl. torna, 2190.--2) _anger_: instr. sg. torne ge-bolgen, 2402.--Comp. lîge-torn.

torn, adj., _bitter, cruel_: nom. sg, hreówa tornost, 2130.

torn-ge-môt, st. n., (_wrathful meeting_), _angry engagement, battle_: acc. sg., 1141.