Chapter I: Front Matter

APPENDIX A PARODY

ADDITIONAL PROJECT GUTENBERG COLLECTED ARTICLES By Frederick Douglass CONTENTS MY ESCAPE FROM SLAVERY RECONSTRUCTION

MY BONDAGE and MY FREEDOM By Frederick Douglass

CONTENTS MY BONDAGE and MY FREEDOM EDITOR’S PREFACE INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I. Childhood CHAPTER II. Removed from My First Home CHAPTER III. Parentage CHAPTER IV. A General Survey of the Slave Plantation CHAPTER V. Gradual Initiation to the Mysteries of Slavery CHAPTER VI. Treatment of Slaves on Lloyd’s Plantation CHAPTER VII. Life in the Great House CHAPTER VIII. A Chapter of Horrors CHAPTER IX. Personal Treatment CHAPTER X. Life in Baltimore CHAPTER XI. “A Change Came O’er the Spirit of My Dream” CHAPTER XII. Religious Nature Awakened CHAPTER XIII. The Vicissitudes of Slave Life CHAPTER XIV. Experience in St. Michael’s CHAPTER XV. Covey, the Negro Breaker CHAPTER XVI. Another Pressure of the Tyrant’s Vice CHAPTER XVII. The Last Flogging CHAPTER XVIII. New Relations and Duties CHAPTER XIX. The Run-Away Plot CHAPTER XX. Apprenticeship Life CHAPTER XXI. My Escape from Slavery LIFE as a FREEMAN CHAPTER XXII. Liberty Attained CHAPTER XXIII. Introduced to the Abolitionists CHAPTER XXIV. Twenty-One Months in Great Britain CHAPTER XXV. Various Incidents RECEPTION SPEECH [10]. At Finsbury Chapel, Moorfields, England, May 12, Dr. Campbell’s Reply LETTER TO HIS OLD MASTER. [11]. To My Old Master, Thomas Auld THE NATURE OF SLAVERY. Extract from a Lecture on Slavery, at Rochester, INHUMANITY OF SLAVERY. Extract from A Lecture on Slavery, at Rochester, WHAT TO THE SLAVE IS THE FOURTH OF JULY?. Extract from an Oration, at THE INTERNAL SLAVE TRADE. Extract from an Oration, at Rochester, July THE SLAVERY PARTY. Extract from a Speech Delivered before the A. A. S. THE ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT. Extracts from a Lecture before Various FOOTNOTES

UP FROM SLAVERY: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY By Booker T. Washington CONTENTS Preface Introduction UP FROM SLAVERY Chapter I A Slave Among Slaves Chapter II Boyhood Days Chapter III The Struggle For An Education Chapter IV Helping Others Chapter V The Reconstruction Period Chapter VI Black Race And Red Race Chapter VII Early Days At Tuskegee Chapter VIII Teaching School In A Stable And A Hen-House Chapter IX Anxious Days And Sleepless Nights Chapter X A Harder Task Than Making Bricks Without Straw Chapter XI Making Their Beds Before They Could Lie On Them Chapter XII Raising Money Chapter XIII Two Thousand Miles For A Five-Minute Speech Chapter XIV The Atlanta Exposition Address Chapter XV The Secret Of Success In Public Speaking Chapter XVI Europe Chapter XVII Last Words

THE NEGRO PROBLEM By Booker T. Washington and Others CONTENTS I Industrial Education for the Negro Booker T. Washington 7 II The Talented Tenth W.E. Burghardt DuBois 31 III The Disfranchisement of the Negro Charles W. Chesnutt 77 IV The Negro and the Law Wilford H. Smith 125 V The Characteristics of the Negro People H.T. Kealing 161 VI Representative American Negroes Paul Laurence Dunbar 187 VII The Negro's Place in American Life at the Present Day T. Thomas Fortune 211

A NEGRO EXPLORER AT THE NORTH POLE By Matthew A. Henson With A Foreword By Robert E. Peary Rear Admiral, U. S. N., Retired And An Introduction By Booker T. Washington CONTENTS page Foreword v Introduction xv

CHAPTER I The Early Years: Schoolboy, Cabin-Boy, Seaman, and Lieutenant Peary's Body-Servant—First Trips to the Arctic 1

CHAPTER II Off for the Pole—How the Other Explorers Looked—The Lamb-Like Esquimos—Arrival at Etah 15

CHAPTER III Finding of Rudolph Franke—Whitney Landed—Trading and Coaling—Fighting the Ice-packs 26

CHAPTER IV [x]Preparing for Winter at Cape Sheridan—The Arctic Library 35

CHAPTER V Making Peary Sledges—Hunting in the Arctic Night—the Excitable Dogs and Their Habits 40

CHAPTER VI The Peary Plan—a Rain of Rocks—My Friends, the Esquimos 46

CHAPTER VII Sledging to Cape Columbia—Hot Soldering in Cold Weather 52

CHAPTER VIII In Camp at Columbia—Literary Igloos—The Magnificent Desolation of the Arctic 62

CHAPTER IX Ready for the Dash to the Pole—The Commander's Arrival 70

CHAPTER X Forward! March! 75

CHAPTER XI [xi]Fighting up the Polar Sea—Held up by the "Big Lead" 78

CHAPTER XII Pioneering the Way—Breaking Sledges 93

CHAPTER XIII The Supporting-Parties Begin to Turn Back 103

CHAPTER XIV Bartlett's Farthest North—His Quiet Good-By 116

CHAPTER XV The Pole! 127

CHAPTER XVI The Fast Trek Back to Land 140

CHAPTER XVII Safe on the Roosevelt—Poor Marvin 145

CHAPTER XVIII After Musk-Oxen—The Doctor's Scientific Expedition 153

CHAPTER XIX [xii]The Roosevelt Starts for Home—Esquimo Villages—New Dogs and New Dog Fights 161

CHAPTER XX Two Narrow Escapes—Arrival at Etah—Harry Whitney—Dr. Cook's Claims 170

CHAPTER XXI Etah to New York—Coming of Mail and Reporters—Home! 180

Appendix I—Notes on the Esquimos 189

Appendix II—List of Smith Sound Esquimos 196 ILLUSTRATIONS matthew a. henson Frontispiece nothing facing page robert e. peary in his north pole furs 76 the four north pole esquimos 77 camp morris k. jesup at the north pole 122 matthew a. henson immediately after the sledge journey to the pole and back 123 the "roosevelt" in winter quarters at cape sheridan 138 matthew a. henson in his north pole furs, taken after his return to civilization 139

THE FUTURE OF THE AMERICAN NEGRO By Booker T. Washington CONTENTS Chapter I. Page 3 First appearance of Negroes in America—Rapid increase—Conditions during Civil War—During the reconstruction.

Chapter II. Page 16 Responsibility of the whole country for the Negro—Progress in the past—Same methods of education do not fit all cases—Proved in the case of the Southern Negro—Illustrations—Lack of money—Comparison between outlay for schools North and South—Duty of North to South.

Chapter III. Page 42 Decadence of Southern plantation—Demoralization of Negroes natural—No home life before the war—Too much classical education at the start—Lack of practical training—Illustrations—The well-trained slaves now dead—Former plantations as industrial schools—The decayed plantation built up by a former slave—Misunderstanding of industrial education.

Chapter IV. Page 67 The Negroes' proper use of education—Hayti, Santo Domingo, and Liberia as illustrations of the lack of practical training—Present necessity for union of all forces to further the cause of industrial education—Industrial education not opposed to the higher education—Results of practical training so far—Little or no prejudice against capable Negroes in business in the South—The Negro at first shunned labor as degrading—Hampton and Tuskegee aim to remove this feeling—The South does not oppose industrial education for the Negroes—Address to Tuskegee students setting forth the necessity of steadfastness of purpose.

Chapter V. Page 106 The author's early life—At Hampton—The inception of the Tuskegee School in 1881—Its growth—Scope—Size at present—Expenses—Purposes—Methods—Building of the chapel—Work of the graduates—Similar schools beginning throughout the South—Tuskegee Negro Conference—The Workers' Conference—Tuskegee as a trainer of teachers.

Chapter VI. Page 127 The Negro race in politics—Its patriotic zeal in 1776—In 1814—In the Civil War—In the Spanish War—Politics attempted too soon after freedom—Poor leaders—Two parties in the South, the blacks' and the whites'—Not necessarily opposed in interests—The Negro should give up no rights—The same tests for the restriction of the franchise should be applied alike to both blacks and whites—This is not the case—Education and the franchise—The whites must help the blacks to pure votes—Rioting and lynching only to be stopped by mutual confidence.

Chapter VII. Page 157 Difficulty of fusion—Africa impossible as a refuge because already completely claimed by other nations—Comparison of Negro race with white—Physical condition of the Negro—Present lack of ability to organize—Weaknesses—Ability to work—Trustworthiness—Desire to rise—Obstructions put in the way of Negroes' advancement—Results of oppression—Necessity for encouragement and self-respect—Comparison of Negroes'[Pg x] position and that of the Jews—Lynching—Non-interference of the North—Increase of lynching—Statistics of numbers, races, places, causes of violence—Uselessness of lynching in preventing crime—Fairness in carrying out the laws—Increase of crime among the Negroes—Reason for it—Responsibility of both races.

Chapter VIII. Page 200 Population—Emigration to the North—Morality North and South—Dangers: 1. incendiary advice; 2. mob violence; 3. discouragement; 4. newspaper exaggeration; 5. lack of education; 6. bad legislation—Negroes must identify with best interests of the South—Unwise missionary work—Wise missionary work—Opportunity for industrial education—The good standing of business-educated Negroes in the South—Religion and morality—Justice and appreciation coming for the Negro race as it proves itself worthy.

TUSKEGEE AND ITS PEOPLE By Booker T. Washington CONTENTS PAGE GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 By Booker T. Washington.