Chapter XVII: Conclusion 489

Index 507 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Napoleon Bonaparte "Snuff-Box" Portrait Frontispiece Bonaparte at the Siege of Toulon 11 Bonaparte Escapes Capture at Lonato 27 Bonaparte at the Bridge of Arcola 43 Bonaparte at the Battle of Rivoli 59 Bonaparte and the Sleeping Sentinel 75 Bonaparte at the Battle of St. George 91 Siege of Mantua 107 Bonaparte as General-in-Chief of the Army of Italy 123 Battle of the Pyramids 139 Bonaparte at the Siege of Acre 155 Return of the French Army from Syria 171 Napoleon Crossing the Alps 187 French Troops Crossing the Great St. Bernard 203 Capitulation of General Mack at Ulm 219 Battle of Austerlitz 235 Meeting Between Napoleon and Francis II. of Austria 251 Napoleon at the Battle of Jena 267 Entry of Napoleon Into Berlin 283 Napoleon at the Battle of Eylau 299[8] The 14th line at Eylau 315 Napoleon at the Battle of Friedland 331 Review of Troops in the Place du Carrousel, Paris 347 Insurrection in Madrid 363 Napoleon at the Battle of Wagram 379 Arrival of the Grand Army At Moscow 395 Retreat From Moscow, "1812" 411 Departure of Napoleon for Paris 427 Return of Napoleon from Elba 443 Napoleon on the Heights at Ligny 459 Preparations for the Advance of the Old Guard at Waterloo 475 Napoleon at Waterloo 491

THE OFFICER'S MANUAL NAPOLEON'S MAXIMS OF WAR CONTENTS RECOMMENDATION. PREFACE. NAPOLEON'S MAXIM I. MAXIM II. MAXIM III. MAXIM IV. MAXIM V. MAXIM VI. MAXIM VII. MAXIM VIII. MAXIM IX. MAXIM X. MAXIM XI. MAXIM XII. MAXIM XIII. MAXIM XIV. MAXIM XV. MAXIM XVI. MAXIM XVII. MAXIM XVIII. MAXIM XIX. MAXIM XX. MAXIM XXI. MAXIM XXII. MAXIM XXIII. MAXIM XXIV. MAXIM XXV. MAXIM XXVI. MAXIM XXVII. MAXIM XXVIII. MAXIM XXIX. MAXIM XXX. MAXIM XXXI. MAXIM XXXII. MAXIM XXXIII. MAXIM XXXIV. MAXIM XXXV. MAXIM XXXVI. MAXIM XXXVII. MAXIM XXXVIII. MAXIM XXXIX. MAXIM XL. MAXIM XLI. MAXIM XLII. MAXIM XLIII. MAXIM XLIV. MAXIM XLV. MAXIM XLVI. MAXIM XLVII. MAXIM XLVIII. MAXIM XLIX. MAXIM L. MAXIM LI. MAXIM LII. MAXIM LIII. MAXIM LIV. MAXIM LV. MAXIM LVI. MAXIM LVII. MAXIM LVIII. MAXIM LIX. MAXIM LX. MAXIM LXI. MAXIM LXII. MAXIM LXIII. MAXIM LXIV. MAXIM LXV. MAXIM LXVI. MAXIM LXVII. MAXIM LXVIII. MAXIM LXIX. MAXIM LXX. MAXIM LXXI. MAXIM LXXII. MAXIM LXXIII. MAXIM LXXIV. MAXIM LXXV. MAXIM LXXVI. MAXIM LXXVII. MAXIM LXXVIII. Transcriber's Notes

THE STORY OF NAPOLEON By Harold F. B. Wheeler CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE I. Napoleon the Boy 15 II. The Schooldays of Napoleon 21 III. Napoleon as Officer and Author 29 IV. Napoleon and the Corsican Volunteers 41 V. The Eve of the Reign of Terror 47 VI. Napoleon's First Fight with the English 57 VII. Napoleon the Soldier of Fortune 65 VIII. "The Spark of Great Ambition" 74 IX. The Italian Campaign 82 X. The Expedition to Egypt 91 XI. From Cairo to Fréjus 99 XII. How Napoleon Seized the Reins of Government 106 XIII. The Passage of the Alps 111 XIV. Blessings of Peace 124 XV. The Dawn of the Empire 131 XVI. The Threatened Invasion of England and its Sequel 138 XVII. The War of the Third Coalition 146 XVIII. The Prussian Campaign 155 XIX. The Polish Campaign 168 XX. Friedland and Tilsit 174 12XXI. Napoleon's Commercial War with Great Britain 181 XXII. The Genesis of the Peninsular War 192 XXIII. Glory at Erfurt and Humiliation in Spain 206 XXIV. The Austrian Campaign 219 XXV. The Austrian Campaign—Continued 233 XXVI. The War in Poland and Tyrol 241 XXVII. A Broken Friendship and What it Brought 253 XXVIII. The Russian Campaign 265 XXIX. The Triumphal Entry into Moscow—and after 276 XXX. The March of Humiliation 284 XXXI. The Beginning of the End—The Leipzig Campaign 291 XXXII. The Conquest of the Conqueror 302 Index 315 ILLUSTRATIONS Napoleon I., Emperor of the French J. L. David Frontispiece PAGE Napoleon at Brienne Réalier Dumas 24 "It is the Emperor!" H. de T. Glazebrook 86 Installation of Napoleon as First Consul L. Couder 108 The Death of General Desaix A. Le Dru 118 On the Sands at Boulogne A. C. Gow, R.A. 132 Napoleon giving the Eagles to his Army L. David 140 Napoleon Decorating his Soldiers at Boulogne F. G. Roussel 146 The Night before Austerlitz A. Dawant 152 The Battle of Friedland Horace Vernet 176 The Retreat from Moscow V. Werestchagin 266 After Moscow: "Advance or Retreat?" V. Werestchagin 280 Marshal Ney defending the Rear-Guard Adolphe Yvon 288 1814 J. L. E. Meissonier 302 The Flight from Waterloo A. C. Gow, R.A. 308 Napoleon on Board the Bellerophon Sir W. Q. Orchardson, R.A. 312

"1812" NAPOLEON I IN RUSSIA By Vassili Verestchagin Illustrated from Sketches and Paintings by the Author

CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 On Progress in Art 16 Realism 24 I Napoleon 53 II The Burning of Moscow 180 III The Cossacks 220 IV The Grande Armée 227 V The Marshals 256 FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS Page Vassili Verestchagin Frontispiece A Dispatch 72 Russian Grenadiers 78 At Borodino 92 Looking towards Moscow 108 Disillusion 128 On the Way Home 145 Bivouac 155 Despair 162 At a Council of War 176 Armed Peasant 186 In a Russian Church 197 Ney and the Staff 252

ENGLAND AND NAPOLEON (1801-1815) Compiled By S. E. Winbolt CONTENTS DATE TITLE PAGE Introduction v 1801. Battle of the Baltic Campbell 1 1801. State of Ireland "Diary of Lord Colchester" 3 1801. Golf and Football Strutt 8 1802. Party Speeches of Sheridan and Canning Stanhope 9 1803-1815. Typical Vessels of the Royal Navy Clowes 13 1803. Desire for Pitt's Return to Office Stanhope 15 1803. Canning on Addington Stanhope 17 1803. Notes by Pitt on the War, Germany, and Napoleon Stanhope 18 1803. Gun-boats for Defence "Diaries of George Rose" 20 1804. The Poor in Manufacturing Towns "Gentleman's Magazine" 21 1804. Wheat, Flour, and Bread "Gentleman's Magazine" 24 1805. England and the Mediterranean (I.) Pitt 25 England and the Mediterranean (II.) Nelson 26 1805. The Blow that Killed Pitt (I.) Pitt 27 The Blow that Killed Pitt (II.) Canning 28 1805. Routine on a British Man-of-War Clowes 29 1805. Nelson's Plan for Trafalgar Clowes 32 1805. Trafalgar Southey{viii} 34 1806. The Younger Pitt Scott 43 1806. Ministry of All the Talents Earl of Malmesbury 44 1806. Military Plans Lord Colchester 46 1807. Catholic Emancipation (I.) Lord Colchester 47 Catholic Emancipation (II.) Malmesbury 50 1807. Party Politics Leigh Hunt 52 1807. Berlin Decrees Colchester 53 1809. Corunna (I.) Colchester 55 Corunna (II.) Charles Wolfe 55 1809. Public Economy "Diaries of George Rose" 57 1809. Resignation of Portland Colchester 58 1809. Duel of Canning and Castlereagh Colchester 59 1806-1809. Military Expenses Colchester 60 1809. Talavera: Protest by Lords Protests of the Lords 61 1810. Walcheren Expedition Colchester 62 1810. Wellington's Difficulties in Spain Wellington's Despatches 65 1811. The Regency Colchester 71 1811. Fête at Carlton House Colchester 73 1812. Weaving Machines Byron's Letters 76 1812. Badajoz Wellington's Despatches 79 1812. Murder of Perceval Colchester 84 1812. Sheridan's Last Utterances in the House Moore 85 1813. Sir Stapleton Cotton's Military Services Colchester 86 1813. Vittoria Wellington's Despatches 87 1814. Deposition of Napoleon Byron's Letters 95 1814. Capture of Toulouse Wellington's Despatches 96 1814. Duke of Wellington's Thanks Colchester 102 1814. Negotiations with Buonaparte Southey 105 1815. Interview with Napoleon in Elba Vivian 109 1815. Waterloo Wellington's Despatches 112

MEMOIRS OF THE LIFE, EXILE, AND CONVERSATIONS, OF THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON By The Count De Las Cases ILLUSTRATIONS VOLUME I. PAGE. Portrait of the Emperor Napoleon, to face the title. Napoleon on board the Bellerophon 26 Portrait of Charles Bonaparte 66 Portrait of Letizia Bonaparte 69 Residence of the Emperor at Longwood 264

VOLUME II.

Portrait of the Empress Josephine, to face the title. Portrait of Marshal Bertrand 33 Map of Saint Helena 39 Portrait of Prince Talleyrand 64 Eugene Beauharnois claiming his Father's Sword 186

VOLUME III.

Portrait of Sir Hudson Lowe, to face the title. Ground Plan of Longwood 21 The House in which Napoleon was Born 113 The Burning of Moscow 164 Napoleon's Return from Elba 302

VOLUME IV.

Portrait of Count De Las Cases, to face the title. Napoleon at Saint Helena 149 Death of Napoleon 386 Statue of Napoleon on the Place Vendome 388 Tomb of Napoleon 399

MEMOIRS OF GENERAL COUNT RAPP FIRST AIDE-DE-CAMP TO NAPOLEON Written By Himself, And Published By His Family

CONTENTS Chapter I.-Commencement of the Author's military career.-His promotion.-Certificate from Desaix.-Good fortune in Egypt.-Introduction to, and character of, Napoleon.-Servile conduct of the old nobility. 1 Chap. II.-Napoleon's temper.-His flatterers.-His clemency. 8 Chap. III.-Napoleon's attachment to his family.-Lucien's opposition to the views of Napoleon.-Napoleon's bounty to Rapp.-Rapp's intercession for Requier and Damas.-Is unsuccessful.-Writes to Requier.-Letter intercepted and carried to Napoleon.-The Emperor greatly incensed at it.-Rapp apologizes.-Is restored to favour.-Marries.-Bernadotte's disgrace with the Emperor.-His restoration to favour. 12 Chap. IV.-Napoleon's courage.-Infernal machine.-The Emperor's escape. 19 Chap. V.-Napoleon's readiness to receive advice.-His contempt for ignorance.-His partiality to the game of vingt et un. 22 Chap. VI.-The third Austrian war.-The French victorious.-The Austrian army shut up in Ulm.-Summoned to surrender.-Negotiation conducted by M. de Segur.-The enemy surrender.-Napoleon's joy. 26 [Pg ii] Chap. VII.-The remainder of the Austrians pursued.-Defeated by Murat.-Werneck's capitulation; disregarded by Count Hohenzollern.-Correspondence.-Napoleon's proclamation. 40 Chap. VIII.-The French march towards Vienna.-The Russians defeated.-Napoleon's instructions to Murat on the occupation of Vienna. 50 Chap. IX.-Anecdote of the Emperor and Madame de Brunny.-The advance of the French troops.-Stratagem in crossing the Danube.-Austerlitz.-The advance-guard of the French repulsed by the Russians.-The Russians completely defeated.-Rapp wounded.-His promotion.-Napoleon's kindness to him.-His recovery.-The Emperor's instructions to Rapp.-Peace concluded. 54 Chap. X.-The conduct of Prussia.-Rapp's mission.-Its object.-His return.-The Grand Duchess of Darmstadt offends the Emperor.-Her punishment.-The French troops attacked by some Prussian detachments.-Rapp's appointment to the command of the military division at Strasburg.-He receives instructions.-The Emperor arrives at Mentz.-Rapp joins him at Wurtzburg.-His mission to the Grand Duke of Baden.-The impatience of the Prussian Generals to commence the war.-Character of Prince Louis.-Demand of Prussia.-Napoleon's proclamation.-Prussians defeated at Schleitz.-Rapp sent to the King of Prussia.-Recalled.-Mission of De Montesquiou.-His treatment. 66 Chap. XI.-The calculations of the Duke of Brunswick.-He is disconcerted at the movement of the French.-Manouvres.-Napoleon issues orders.-Battle of Auerstadt and Jena.-The French victorious.-Rapp instructed to pursue the Russians.-He enters Weimar.-The King of Prussia makes overtures.-Napoleon's conduct.-He sends Duroc to visit the wounded.-Head-quarters [Pg iii] established at Weimar.-Movements of the enemy.-Attacked and routed by Bernadotte at Halle.-Napoleon visits the field of battle.-Goes to Dessau.-His treatment of the old Duke. 79 Chap. XII.-The Prussians closely pursued by the French.-Surrender of a corps before Magdeburg.-Misfortunes of Prussia.-The French prepare to march on Berlin.-Napoleon's instructions to Davoust. 89 Chap. XIII.-The French set out for Potsdam.-Anecdote of the Emperor and a female native of Egypt.-State of Potsdam.-Flight of the Court.-Deputations to the Emperor.-Their reception.-Napoleon's observations to the Duke of Brunswick's envoy.-Head-quarters at Charlotteenburg-Napoleon's proclamation. 93 Chap. XIV.-Napoleon reviews the third corps.-Effect of the proclamation on the troops.-Surrender of 25,000 Prussians.-The Duke of Weimar abandons his command.-Blucher surrenders.-Napoleon's despatch to General Belliard.-Blucher allowed to retire to Hamburg. 101 Chap. XV.-Arrest of Prince Hatzfeld as a spy.-Napoleon's determination to have him executed.-Intercession for him.-The release of the Prince.-His letter to Count Rapp.-Embassies to the Emperor.-Rapp authorised to settle the affairs of the Court of Weimar.-The Duke permitted to return to his estates.-His letter of thanks to Rapp. 107 Chap. XVI.-Surrender of the Prussian fortresses.-Arrest of the Prince of Wurtemberg.-Head-quarters at Posen.-State of Poland.-Entry into Warsaw.-The Emperor's reception.-Anecdotes of the Poles and of the French soldiers.-Passage of the Vistula. 114 [Pg iv]Chap. XVII.-Affairs with the Russians.-Battle of Pultusk.-Rapp's wounds.-His appointment to the government of Thorn.-Blucher's letter to him.-He intercedes for Blucher.-Is made Governor of Dantzic.-Contributions levied.-Napoleon's dissatisfaction with Prussia. 124 Chap. XVIII.-Fourth Austrian war (1809.)-Battle of Esslingen.-Schill's insurrection.-Napoleon's feeling.-Battle of Wagram.-Rapp's accident.-Rapp obtains the pardon of some conspirators. 136 Chap. XIX.-Attempt of a young German to assassinate Napoleon.-Conversation and conduct of the assassin. 141 Chap. XX.-Execution of the young German.-Peace concluded.-Rapp's reception in Munich.-Situation of Bavaria.-Trait of the King of Wurtemberg.-Napoleon's return to Fontainebleau. 147 Chap. XXI.-Divorce of Josephine.-Marriage of Napoleon and Maria-Louisa.-Napoleon displeased with Rapp; sends him to Dantzic.-Rapp at Dantzic.-Character of his garrison.-He gives offence to the Russian Resident. 151 Chap. XXII.-Napoleon's dissatisfaction with Rapp, for evading the anti-commercial decrees.-Douane established at Dantzic.-Discontent in the North of Germany.-Rapp's representations.-Napoleon's ignorance of the German Character. 158 Chap. XXIII.-Napoleon repairs to Dantzic.-Conversation between the Emperor and Rapp. 164 Chap. XXIV.-Napoleon proceeds to Konigsberg.-His intentions.-The advance of the French troops. Their arrival at Wilna.-Commencement of the Russian war. 168 Chap. XXV.-Flight of the Russians.-Their rear-guard defeated by the King of Naples.-His report of the engagement.-Dispute [Pg v] between the King of Westphalia and Vandamme. 171 Chap. XXVI.-Rapp leaves Dantzic.-State of the roads.-Arrives at Wilna.-Opening of the Polish Diet.-Speech of the President.-Eloquence and negotiations of the Abbé de Pradt. 176 Chap. XXVII.-Activity of the Emperor.-His instructions to Hautpoult.-Distress of the army.-Hopes of Napoleon.-The Russian Patriarch's denunciation of the French. 186 Chap. XXVIII.-Battle of Smolensko.-Escape of the Russian army.-Junot's inactivity.-He is in disgrace with the Emperor.-Intercessions in his favour.-Rapp named for the command of the Westphalian corps, instead of Junot.-Character of Junot.-He is allowed to resume his command.-Irruption of Tormasoff.-Napoleon's instructions to the Duke de Belluno. 190 Chap. XXIX.-Kutusow takes the command of the Russian army.-His qualifications; his losses.-Rapp sent to reconnoitre.-Napoleon's conversation before the battle of Borodino.-Proclamation. 197 Chap. XXX.-Battle of Borodino.-Rapp's wounds. 204 Chap. XXXI.-Retreat of the Russians.-Occupation and burning of Moscow. 209 Chap. XXXII.-The Emperor's delay at Moscow; its motives and consequences.-His instructions to the Duke de Belluno.-Deplorable state of the French army.-Rapp's recovery.-The Emperor's anxiety about the wounded. 213 Chap. XXXIII.-Retreat of the French.-The Emperor's despatch to Mortier.-Battle at Malojaroslawitz.-Napoleon visits the field of battle.-Surprised by some Cossacks.-Rapp's conduct: the Emperor loads him with eulogiums.-General Winzengerode taken prisoner.-His treatment. 221 [Pg vi]Chap. XXXIV.-Deplorable condition of the French.-Mallet's conspiracy.-The Emperor's surprise.-The French cross the Borysthenes.-Attacked by the Russians.-Retreat of the French.-Marshal Ney's courage. 230 Chap. XXXV.-Continuation of the Retreat.-Capture of Witepsk.-Loss of the magazines.-State of the weather.-Disasters of the French.-Attacked by the Cossacks. 235 Chap. XXXVI.-The Emperor's solicitude for Ney.-Receives information of his escape from the Russians.-Embarrassment of the French.-Battle of the Beresina.-Surrender of Partonneau's division.-Retreat of the French upon Wilna.-Napoleon sets out for Paris.-His instructions.-Rapp proceeds to Dantzic. 242 Chap. XXXVII.-Description of the town and garrison of Dantzic.-Rapp's preparations.-His difficulties.-Losses of the garrison by disease.-Scarcity of provisions.-Breaking up of the ice. 254 Chap. XXXVIII.-Conduct of the Allies.-General Detrées sent to reconnoitre.-Skirmishes between the French and Allies.-The Russians defeated at Langfuhr, and Ohra. 262 Chap. XXXIX.-Destructive ravages of the epidemic.-Expedition against Quadendorf.-Defeat of the Russians.-Ignorance of the garrison of the progress of events.-The epidemic disappears.-The Russian signals set on fire.-Attempts to seduce the troops of the garrison.-Review of the garrison on the glacis. 271 Chap. XL.-The garrison's efforts to obtain provisions; its difficulties.-Rapp sends an expedition into the Nerhung.-Is successful.-He demands a loan from the Dantzickers.-Accusation against the senator Piegeleau.-Conduct of the Duke of Wurtemberg.-News of the victories of Lutzen [Pg vii] and Bautzen.-Its effect on the French troops.-The Russians defeated.-The Allies solicit an armistice.-Rapp receives the ribbon of the order of La Réunion.-Napoleon's despatch to Rapp. 282 Chap. XLI.-Conditions of the armistice.-Duke of Wurtemberg raises obstacles to the fulfilment of them.-His subterfuges.-Rapp's letter to the Prince de Neuchâtel.-Scarcity of provisions.-Recommencement of hostilities. 292 Chap. XLII.-Attempts of the besiegers.-Engagement between the garrison and the Russians at the advanced posts.-Details.-A second engagement.-The Russians take Langfuhr.-Their intentions.-Rapp's preparations.-Ohra put in a state of defence.-The Russians attack Kabrun.-Their fleet fire on the French batteries; but are repulsed.-Overflowing of the Vistula.-Combined attack by the land and sea forces of the besiegers. 303 Chap. XLIII.-Severity of the weather.-Scarcity of provisions.-Attack of the Russians.-Their defeat.-Situation, and plan of operations.-State of Dantzic, the magazines, and the surrounding fortresses.-Condition of the garrison.-Disaffection of the German troops.-Means used to decoy them.-Rapp capitulates.-The Emperor Alexander annuls the capitulation.-Rapp protests and surrenders. 323 Chap. XLIV.-The garrison taken prisoners to Kiow.-Their liberation.-The state of France in 1814.-Rapp's treatment at Court.-The return from Elba.-Conversation between Napoleon and Rapp.-Rapp's appointment to the command of the army of the Upper Rhine.-Napoleon's arrangements.-His letter to the allied Sovereigns.-Rapp sets out for Alsace.-State of public feeling.-Enthusiasm of the women at Mulhausen. 337 [Pg viii]Chap. XLV.-Preparations of the Allies.-Napoleon's letter to Rapp.-Rapp receives fresh funds.-The Emperor's despatch to Rapp. 352 Chap. XLVI.-Amount and division of the French troops.-Rapp receives news of the battle of Waterloo.-His determination.-Rapp's advanced posts attacked.-Movements of the Allies.-The success of the French.-Their retreat. 357 Chap. XLVII.-Effect of the news of the battle of Waterloo.-Disposition of Rapp's troops.-Battle of Lampertheim.-Designs of the Allies.-Rapp throws himself into Strasburg.-Prince of Wurtemberg's conduct.-Military convention signed. 364 Chap. XLVIII.-Mutiny of the garrison of Strasburg.-A description of their conduct.-Dissolution of the army.-Rapp's letter to the King.-Its effect.-Rapp's death.-Conclusion. 375 APPENDIX. Letter from General Rapp to the Duke of Wurtemberg. 405 Answer 407 Letter from the Duke of Wurtemberg to his Excellency Count Rapp. 409 Answer 410 Letter from the Duke of Wurtemberg to General Count Rapp. 411 Answer 413 Letter from the Duke of Wurtemberg to General Rapp. 415 Capitulation of Dantzic. 417 Letter from the Duke of Wurtemberg to General Rapp. 424 Answer 426 Letter from Count Rapp to the Duke of Wurtemberg. 428 To the same. 430

NAPOLEON'S RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1812 By Edward Foord Illustrated

CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. The Preliminaries 1 II. Napoleon's Army and its Generals 20 III. The Russian Army and its Generals 41 IV. The First Stage of the Campaign. Operations from Kovno to Vitebsk 59 V. The Operations about Smolensk 108 VI. The Operations in Volhynia and on the Düna 159 VII. Smolensk to Borodino 183 VIII. The Occupation and Destruction of Moscow 220 IX. The French Sojourn in Moscow 241 X. The First Stages of the Retreat 263 XI. The Operations in Napoleon's Rear during September and October 286 XII. The French Retreat. Maloyaroslavetz to Orsha 307 XIII. Orsha to the Berezina 344 XIV. Conclusion of the Campaign. Losses and Results 374 Appendices A to E 392 Bibliography 405 Index 409 ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Bad News from Paris 2. The Emperor Alexander I of Russia 3. Prince Eugène, Son of the ex-Empress Josephine 4. Details of the Uniforms of the Infantry of the French Army in 1812 5. Marshal Davout 6. Prince Joseph Anthony Poniatowski, Nephew of Stanislaus Augustus, the last King of Poland 7. Field-Marshal Prince Barclay de Tolly 8. Field-Marshal Prince Golénischev-Kutuzov 9. General Prince Bagration, Commander of the Second Russian Army in 1812 10. Joachim Murat, King of Naples 11. The Old Fortifications of Smolensk 12. Marshal Oudinot, Duke of Reggio 13. The First Battle of Polotsk 14. General of Cavalry Count Platov 15. Marshal Ney 16. Moscow from the Sparrow Hills 17. Napoleon's First View of Moscow 18. Napoleon Watching the Burning of Moscow 19. The Kremlin, Moscow 20. Marshal Victor, Duke of Belluno 21. The Church of Vasilii Blagorennyi at Moscow 22. The Council of War after the Battle of Maloyaroslavetz 23. Marshal Gouvion St. Cyr 24. Count Wittgenstein 25. Armed Russian Peasants in Ambush in the Woods waiting to cut off French Stragglers 26. The Retreat of the French from Moscow 27. Russian Grenadiers Pursuing the French Army 28. Napoleon, Berthier, Murat, and Rapp (in the order named) round camp fire 29. General Baron Eblé 30. Crossing the Berezina 31. Marshal Ney Supporting the Rear-guard during the Retreat from Moscow 32. Napoleon's Travelling Kitchen MAPS AND PLANS Plan of Battle of Saltanovka " " Smolensk " " Lubino " " Gorodeczna " " Borodino " " Vinkovo " " Maloyaroslavetz " " Polotsk (2nd) " Order of French Retreat, October 31 " Battle of Viasma " " Krasnoï " Passage of the Berezina " Battle of Polotsk (1st)

Map of Theatre of War, showing positions of opposing forces at opening of campaign and movements on both sides up to occupation of Moscow (folding, at end of volume) Map of Theatre of War, showing positions of opposing forces at the evacuation of Moscow and movements on both sides to the end of the campaign (folding, at end of volume)

THE N A P O L E O N GALLERY Illustrations Of The Life And Times Of The Emperor Of France

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS I. The Action at St. Roche's II. Entering Milan III. "What a Lesson for Man!" IV. The Battle of Rivoli V. Napoleon at Lonato VI. Defending the Redoubt of Monte Legino VII. Preliminaries of the Peace of Leoben VIII. Crossing the Bridge at Arcola IX. The Cisalpine Republic X. The Battle of the Pyramids XI. The Revolt of Cairo XII. The Fight at Benouth XIII. The Speech at the Pyramids XIV. "All whom I command are my Children" XV. Buonaparte pardoning the Rebels at Cairo XVI. The Plague of Jaffa XVII. "You are the Greatest of Men!" XVIII. Napoleon inscribing his Name on Mount Sinai XIX. Napoleon at Malmaison XX. The Battle of Marengo XXI. The Battle of Aboukir XXII. The Review by the First Consul XXIII. Buonaparte at Mount St. Bernard XXIV. The Death of Desaix XXV. The Coronation of Napoleon XXVI. The First Corps crossing the Maine XXVII. The Fourth Corps at Donawerth XXVIII. The Emperor's Arrival at Augsburg XXIX. Napoleon crowned King of Italy XXX. Napoleon crossing the Rhine at Kehl XXXI. The Fourth Corps entering Augsburg XXXII. Napoleon addresses the Army XXXIII. The Surrender of Ulm XXXIV. Napoleon receiving the Keys of Vienna XXXV. The Morning of Austerlitz XXXVI. Presentation of Austrian Ensigns to the French Senate XXXVII. The Seventy-sixth Regiment recovering its Colors XXXVIII. The Night before the Battle of Austerlitz XXXIX. The Battle of Austerlitz XL. Napoleon's Interview with the Austrian Emperor XLI. Statues on the Column of the Grand Army XLII. The Duchess of Weimar and Napoleon XLIII. Napoleon receiving the Deputies of the Senate XLIV. The Sword of Frederick the Great XLV. The Battle of Jena XLVI. Marshal Ney at Elchingen XLVII. Napoleon's Clemency XLVIII. The Field of Battle at Eylau XLIX. The Battle of Friedland L. The Simplon Pass LI. Battle of Essling LII. Napoleon wounded at Ratisbon LIII. "The Combat at Somo Sierra" LIV. Napoleon's Interview with the Prussian Queen LV. The Retreat from Moscow LVI. The Death of the Duke of Montebello LVII. Napoleon at the Tomb of Frederick the Great LVIII. The Peasant of the Rhine LIX. The Redoubt of Kabrunn LX. "Is it True that Things are going so badly?" LXI. The Battle of Moscow LXII. The Skirmish LXIII. "Every one to his own Calling" LXIV. The Death of Poniatowski LXV. Napoleon at Lutzen LXVI. The Battle of Montmirail LXVII. Napoleon at Montereau LXVIII. Napoleon's Farewell at Fontainbleau LXIX. The Battle of Hainau LXX. Napoleon at Arcis-sur-Aube LXXI. Filial Anxiety of a Conscript LXXII. The Turnpike of Clichy LXXIII. The Return from Elba LXXIV. Napoleon at Charleroi LXXV. Napoleon at Waterloo LXXVI. Napoleon saluting Wounded Foes LXXVII. Napoleon in 1815 LXXVIII. Taking the Oath of Allegiance LXXIX. A Soldier's Farewell LXXX. A Soldier at Waterloo LXXXI. A Field Hospital LXXXII. Arc de Triomphe de l'Etoile LXXXIII. Death-bed of Napoleon LXXXIV. Napoleon as Lieutenant-Colonel LXXXV. The Triumphal Column LXXXVI. Statue of Napoleon by Chaudet LXXXVII. Apotheosis LXXXVIII. Napoleon, Emperor LXXXIX. The Death-mask of Napoleon XC. The Funeral Procession at the Arc de Triomphe XCI. Esplanade of the Hotel des Invalides XCII. The Catafalque, Dôme des Invalides XCIII. The Funeral Car XCIV. Opening the Casket XCV. Royal Court of the Hotel des Invalides

A LIFE of NAPOLEON BONAPARTE With A Sketch Of Josephine, Empress Of The French By Ida M. Tarbell

CONTENTS THE LIFE OF NAPOLEON:

CHAPTER PAGE

I. Youth and Early Surroundings.-School Days at Brienne 17

II. In Paris.-Lieutenant of Artillery.-Literary Work.-The Revolution 27

III. Robespierre.-Out of Work.-First Success 43

IV. Courtship and Marriage.-Devotion To Josephine 53

V. Italian Campaign.-Rules of War 61

VI. Return To Paris.-Egyptian Campaign.-The 18th Brumaire 89

VII. Statesman and Lawgiver.-The Finances.-The Industries.-The Public Works 105

VIII. Return of the Émigrés.-The Concordat.-Legion of Honor.-Code Napoleon 119

IX. Opposition to the Centralization of the Government.-Prosperity of France 133

X. Preparations for War with England.-Flotilla at Boulogne.-Sale of Louisiana 143

XI. Emperor of the French People.-King of Italy 151

XII. Campaigns of 1805, 1806, 1807.-Peace of Tilsit 163

XIII. Extension of Napoleon's Empire.-Family Affairs 179

XIV. Berlin Decree.-Peninsular War.-The Bonapartes on the Spanish Throne 191

XV. Disasters in Spain.-Erfurt Meeting.-Napoleon at Madrid 199

8XVI. Talleyrand's Treachery.-Campaign of 1809 211

XVII. Divorce of Josephine.-Marriage with Marie Louise.-Birth of the King of Rome. 221

XVIII. Trouble with the Pope.-The Conscription.-The Tilsit Agreement Broken 229

XIX. Russian Campaign.-Burning of Moscow.-A New Army 241

XX. Campaign of 1813.-Campaign of 1814.-Abdication 253

XXI. Elba.-The Hundred Days.-The Second Abdication 265

XXII. Surrender to English.-St. Helena.-Death 279

XXIII. The Second Funeral 295

SKETCH OF JOSEPHINE-EMPRESS OF THE FRENCH:

I. Family.-Early Surroundings.-Alexander de Beauharnais.-Marriage.-Separation from Husband 325

II. Josephine in the Revolution.-Imprisoned at Les Carmes.-Struggle for Existence.-Marriage with Bonaparte 334

III. Bonaparte Goes to Italy.-Josephine at Milan 1796-1797.-Triumphal Tour in Italy.-Bonaparte Leaves for Egypt 346

IV. Bonaparte is Made First Consul.-Josephine's Tact in Public Life.-Her Personal Charm.-Malmaison 360

V. The Question of Succession.-Marriage of Hortense.-Josephine Empress of the French People.-The Coronation 371

VI. Etiquette Regulating Josephine's Life.-Royal Journeys.-Extravagance in Dress 386

VII. Josephine not Allowed to Go to Poland.-Fear of Divorce.-The Reconciliation of 1807-1808.-The Campaign of 1809 and its Effect on Napoleon 399

9VIII. Napoleon Returns to France.-Josephine's Unhappiness.-Napoleon's View of a Divorce.-The Way in Which the Divorce was Effected 413

IX. After the Divorce.-Navarre.-Josephine's Suspicions of the Emperor.-Her Gradual Return to Happiness 423

X. Effect on Josephine of Disasters in Russia.-Anxiety During Campaign of 1813.-Flight from Paris.-Death in 1814 440

Handwriting of Napoleon at Different Periods 453

Table of the Bonaparte Family 464

Chronology of the Life of Napoleon Bonaparte 469

Index 477