Chapter XXX

CHAPTER, XXXI. L'ENVOI. ILLUSTRATIONS NAPOLEON AT MALMAISON Frontispiece Vol. 1 PRINCE EUGENE JOSEPHINE NEY DAVOUST BERTHIER MACDONALD AUGEREAU NAPOLEON, 1814 Frontispiece Vol 2. RAPP MURAT LUCIEN BONAPARTE SOULT BERNADOTTE MARIE LOUISA DUROC NAPOLEON AND HIS SON Frontispiece Vol 3. LANNES JOSEPH NAPOLEON MASSENA THE KING OF ROME JEROME BONAPARTE LE MARECHAL NEY OUDINOT

MEMOIRS OF THE COURT OF ST. CLOUD Being Secret Letters from a Gentleman at Paris to a Nobleman in London

ILLUSTRATIONS At Cardinal Caprara’s Cardinal Fesch Episode at Mme. Miot’s Napoleon’s Guard A Grand Dinner Chaptal Turreaux Carrier Barrere Cambaceres Pauline Bonaparte

THE LIFE OF NAPOLEON I (Volumes, 1 and 2) By John Holland Rose

CONTENTS CHAPTER page PREFACE VII NOTE ON THE REPUBLICAN CALENDAR XV VOLUME I I. PARENTAGE AND EARLY YEARS 1 II. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND CORSICA 24 III. TOULON 44 IV. VENDÉMIAIRE 57 V. THE ITALIAN CAMPAIGN (1796) 77 VI. THE FIGHTS FOR MANTUA 105 VII. LEOBEN TO CAMPO FORMIO 140 VIII. EGYPT 174 IX. SYRIA 201 X. BRUMAIRE 216 XI. MARENGO: LUNÉVILLE 240 XII.THE NEW INSTITUTIONS OF FRANCE 266 XIII. THE CONSULATE FOR LIFE 302 XIV. THE PEACE OF AMIENS 331 XV. A FRENCH COLONIAL EMPIRE: ST. DOMINGO--LOUISIANA--INDIA--AUSTRALIA 355 XVI. NAPOLEON'S INTERVENTIONS 386 XVII. THE RENEWAL OF WAR 401 XVIII. EUROPE AND THE BONAPARTES 430 XIX. THE ROYALIST PLOT 446 XX. THE DAWN OF THE EMPIRE 465 XXI. THE BOULOGNE FLOTILLA 462 XXII. APPENDIX: REPORTS HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED ON (a) THE SALE OF LOUISIANA; (b) THE IRISH DIVISION IN NAPOLEON'S SERVICE 509 ILLUSTRATIONS, MAPS, AND PLANS THE SIEGE OF TOULON, 1793 51 MAP TO ILLUSTRATE THE CAMPAIGNS IN NORTH ITALY 81 PLAN TO ILLUSTRATE THE VICTORY OF ARCOLA 125 THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF RIVOLI 133 FACSIMILE OF A LETTER OF NAPOLEON TO "LA CITOYENNE TALLIEN," 1797 156 CENTRAL EUROPE, after the Peace of Campo Formio, 1797 171 PLAN OF THE SIEGE OF ACRE, from a contemporary sketch 205 THE BATTLE OF MARENGO, to illustrate Kellermann's charge 255 FRENCH MAP OF THE SOUTH OF AUSTRALIA, 1807 378 VOLUME II XXII. ULM AND TRAFALGAR 1 XXIII. AUSTERLITZ 29 XXIV. PRUSSIA AND THE NEW CHARLEMAGNE 51 XXV. THE FALL OF PRUSSIA 79 XXVI. THE CONTINENTAL SYSTEM: FRIEDLAND 103 XXVII. TILSIT 125 XXVIII. THE SPANISH RISING 159 XXIX. ERFURT 174 XXX. NAPOLEON AND AUSTRIA 189 XXXI. THE EMPIRE AT ITS HEIGHT 208 XXXII. THE RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN 231 XXXIII. THE FIRST SAXON CAMPAIGN 267 XXXIV. VITTORIA AND THE ARMISTICE 300 XXXV. DRESDEN AND LEIPZIG 329 XXXVI. FROM THE RHINE TO THE SEINE 368 XXXVII. THE FIRST ABDICATION 399 XXXVIII. ELBA AND PARIS 435 XXXIX. LIGNY AND QUATRE BRAS 453 XL. WATERLOO 487 XLI. FROM THE ELYSÉE TO ST. HELENA 512 XLII. CLOSING YEARS 539 APPENDIX I: LIST OF THE CHIEF APPOINTMENTS AND DIGNITIES BESTOWED BY NAPOLEON

575 APPENDIX II: THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO 577 INDEX 579 MAPS AND PLANS BATTLE OF ULM 15 BATTLE OF AUSTERLITZ 39 BATTLE OF JENA 95 BATTLE OF FRIEDLAND 121 BATTLE OF WAGRAM 196 CENTRAL EUROPE AFTER 1810 215 CAMPAIGN IN RUSSIA 247 BATTLE OF VITTORIA 310 THE CAMPAIGN OF 1813 336 BATTLE OF DRESDEN 343 BATTLE OF LEIPZIG 357 THE CAMPAIGN OF 1814 to face 383 PLAN OF THE WATERLOO CAMPAIGN 458 BATTLE OF LIGNY 465 BATTLE OF WATERLOO, about 11 o'clock a.m. to face 490 ST. HELENA 540 FOOTNOTES INDEX

THE HISTORY OF NAPOLEON BUONAPARTE By JOHN GIBSON LOCKHART

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ix CHAPTER I Birth and Parentage of Napoleon Buonaparte—His Education at Brienne and at Paris—His Character at this Period—His Political Predilections—He enters the Army as Second Lieutenant of Artillery—His First Military Service in Corsica in 1793. 1 CHAPTER II Buonaparte commands the Artillery at Toulon—Fall of Toulon—The Representatives of the People—Junot. 9 CHAPTER III Buonaparte Chief of Battalion at Nice—Fall of Robespierre—He is superseded—Buonaparte at Paris in 1795—The day of the Sections—Commands the Army of the Interior—Marries Josephine de Beauharnois—Appointed to the command of the Army of Italy. 15 CHAPTER IV The Army of Italy—Tactics of Buonaparte—Battle of Monte Notte—Battle of Millesimo—Battle of Mondovi—Armistice of Cherasco—Close of the Campaign of Piedmont—Peace granted to Sardinia. 24 CHAPTER V The French cross the Po at Placenza—The Battle of Fombio—The Bridge of Lodi—Napoleon occupies Milan—Resigns, and resumes his command—Insurrection of Pavia—Military Executions—The French pass the Mincio at Borghetto—Beaulieu retreats behind the Adige—Mantua besieged—Peace with the King of the Two Sicilies—The Pope buys a Respite. 30 CHAPTER VI Wurmser supersedes Beaulieu—Jourdan and Moreau march into Germany, and are forced to retreat again—The Austrians advance from the Tyrol—Battle of Lonato—Escape of Napoleon—Battle near Castiglione—Wurmser retreats on Trent, and is recruited—Battle of Roveredo—Battle of Primolano—Battle of Bassano—Battle of St. George—Wurmser shut up in Mantua. 42 CHAPTER VII Affairs of Corsica—Alvinzi assumes the Command of the Austrians on the Italian frontier—The three Battles of Arcola—Retreat of Alvinzi—Battle of Rivoli—Battle of La Favorita—Surrender of Mantua—Victor marches on Ancona—Despair of the Pope—Treaty of Tollentino. 50 CHAPTER VIII Neutrality of Venice—The Archduke Charles—Battle of Tagliamento—Retreat of the Archduke—Treaty of Leoben—War with Venice—Venice conquered. 64 CHAPTER IX Pichegru—The Directory appeal to Buonaparte—The 18th Fructidor—The Court of Montebello—Josephine—The Treaty of Campo-Formio—Buonaparte leaves Italy. 70 CHAPTER X Napoleon at Rastadt—He arrives in Paris—His reception by the Directory—His Conduct and Manners—He is appointed to command the Army for the Invasion of England—He recommends an Expedition to Egypt—Reaches Toulon—Embarks. 78 CHAPTER XI The Voyage to Egypt—Malta surrendered—The French escape Nelson, and take Alexandria—The March up the Nile—The Battle of the Pyramids—Cairo surrenders—The Battle of Aboukir. 88 CHAPTER XII Buonaparte's Administration in Egypt—Armaments of the Porte—Buonaparte at Suez—At El-Arish—Gaza, Jaffa, Acre—Retreat to Egypt—Defeat of the Turks at Aboukir—Napoleon embarks for France. 96 CHAPTER XIII Retrospect—Buonaparte arrives in France—The Revolution of the 18th Brumaire—The Provisional Consulate. 111 CHAPTER XIV The Provisional Consulate—Reforms in France—Pacification of the Chouans—Constitution of the year VIII.—Buonaparte Chief Consul. 125 CHAPTER XV The Chief Consul writes to the King of England—Lord Grenville's Answer—Napoleon passes the Great St. Bernard—The taking of St. Bard—The Siege of Genoa—The Battle of Montebello—The Battle of Marengo—Napoleon returns to Paris—The Infernal Machine—The Battle of Hohenlinden—The Treaty of Luneville. 135 CHAPTER XVI Affairs of Naples and of the Pope—The Emperor Paul of Russia—Northern confederacy against England—Battle of Copenhagen—Nelson's Victory—Death of Paul—Expedition to Egypt under Sir Ralph Abercrombie—Battle of Alexandria—Conquest of Egypt—The Flotilla of Boulogne—Negotiations with England—Peace of Amiens. 161 CHAPTER XVII Peace of Amiens—The Concordat—The Legion of Honour—Buonaparte President of the Cisalpine Republic—First Consul for Life—Grand Mediator of the Helvetic Confederacy—St. Domingo—Toussaint L'Ouverture—Dissatisfaction of England—Trial of Peltier—Lord Whitworth—Rupture of the Peace of Amiens—Detention of English Travellers in France. 168