Chapter XXVIII: Appendix: U

THE FOUR CHIEF THERMOMETRIC SCALES

There are four different thermometer scales used for measuring temperature and these are (1) the _Fahrenheit_ scale which is widely used for all ordinary purposes; (2) the _Centigrade_ which is the standard scale used for scientific work since it is based on the decimal system; (3) the _Réaumur_ scale which is largely used in Germany, and (4) the _absolute_ scale which is reckoned from _absolute zero_, that is the point at which there is absolutely no heat. It is about 461 degrees Fahr., 274 degrees centigrade, and 219 degrees Réaumur below the zero of these scales.

SOME WORDS AND TERMS USED IN THIS BOOK

_Accelerate._--To hurry or speed up the usual slow state of events.

_Actuate._--(1) To put into action. (2) Means by which anything is started to move. (See Operate).

_Adhesion._--A force which makes certain bodies stick together.

_Aërial Wire._--An elevated wire used to send out and to receive electric waves for wireless telegraphy and wireless telephony.

_Affidavit._--A sworn statement made before a notary public or other legal authority.

_Agent._--(1) A canvasser. (2) One who acts as a salesman or in any capacity for another.

_Amend._--To change or correct, as to _amend_ a claim in a patent.

_Analysis._--See Chemical decomposition.

_Arbor._--An axle, spindle, shaft or mandrel.

_Archives._--A place in which official papers are kept and held secret.

_Arlington wireless station._--A high powered wireless station at Arlington, Va., across the river from Washington, D. C.

_Assignment._--To transfer to another a right or interest.

_Attest._--To witness or to sign an oath that a thing is true.

_Automatic._--A machine which performs certain operations of its own accord.

_Aviation._--The art of flying.

_Axis._--An imaginary line on or around which a body turns. (Plural Axes.)

_Basic principle._--The first source or cause of a thing.

_Biologist._--One who knows something about the science of life and living things.

_Broker._--One who acts as an agent to negotiate purchases and make sales on a commission, as a _stock-broker_, _coffee-broker_, etc.

_Capital._--Wealth that is used in or can be had for business.

_Capital Stock._--The shares of a company that are sold to furnish funds with which to transact business.

_Capitalize._--To fix a value on the stock of a company.

_Case._--An application pending in the patent office.

_Cause._--A suit or action over patent rights which is conducted in a court.

_Certified copy._--A paper or a copy of a paper that has been sworn to before a notary to prove it to be the original or an exact copy of the original.

_Chemical Combination._--(1) The atomic union of chemicals. (2) A compound of chemical elements.

_Chemical Decomposition._--The separation of a compound with its original elements.

_Circularize._--To send out circulars to a list of names.

_Cite._--To quote a reference to an authority.

_Citation._--An article or patent quoted by a patent examiner as a basis for the rejection of a patent application or of a claim.

_Claim._--The last part of a patent specification in which the inventor clearly and specifically sets forth what his invention consists of and what he demands to have protected by a patent.

_Claim, Broad._--(1) A _broad claim_ is one in which the inventor claims everything in sight and usually more than he is entitled to. (2) It is easy to write a broad claim but hard to get it allowed.

_Claim, Narrow._--(1) A _narrow_, or _limited claim_ is one in which a patent attorney puts in so many elements or parts that the combination is bound to be patentable. (2) Such a claim has no value because it is easy for another to change an element or a part when the combination no longer infringes. (3) The hardest thing that an inventor has to contend with is to get a claim written so that it will stand in court.

_Coincide._--Exactly corresponding to or meeting.

_Conceive._--To get an idea.

_Commission Merchant._--A man who stands between the manufacturer and the wholesaler and who gets a percentage on the amount of goods that change hands.

_Commissioner of Patents._--The head, front and center of the patent office.

_Concentric Circles._--Circles drawn within circles and all of them having the same center.

_Corporation._--(1) A company. (2) An imaginary person invented by law and formed of one or more real persons banded together to transact business.

_Correspondent._--(1) An associate. (2) A lawyer that carries on his business with another lawyer at a distance.

_Consumer._--The last buyer and the user of an article or a device.

_Cross-section._--See Drawing, Cross-section.

_Counsel._--A patent attorney who is qualified to prosecute patent cases in court.

_Data._--Information that is known or may be had.

_Deductive Proof._--That form of thought by which an idea used as a starting point is brought to a conclusion by known principles and facts. (See Inductive Discovery.) Inductive discovery is the raw idea and does not lead up to certainty, whereas deductive proof does.

_Degree._--(1) One three hundred and sixtieth part of a circle. (2) The unit of angular measurement.

_Detailed Drawing._--See Drawing, Detailed.

_Device._--(1) An apparatus or an instrument, or a machine or any part of any of them. (2) Any scheme for producing a desired result.

_Die._--A steel tool having a sharp edge for cutting out special designs in paper, metals, etc.

_Directors._--Members of a company chosen to direct its business.

_Disclose._--(1) To make known. (2) To give up the secret of your invention.

_Display ad._--An advertisement in which larger type is used than for the reading matter of the paper.

_Dividends._--Money resulting from profits and which are distributed among the shareholders.

_Drawing, Free Hand._--Pictures drawn without measurements or the aid of instruments.

_Drawing, Working._--A drawing of a part, device or machine made to scale so that a mechanic can work from it.

_Drawing, Cross Section._--A drawing of an object as though it had been cut in two in order to show its inside construction.

_Drawing, Detail._--A drawing of any part of a device or a machine made large enough to show everything no matter how small.

_Drawing, Perspective._--A drawing of a solid object on a flat surface so that it seems to stand out in space like the object itself.

_Drawing, Isometric perspective._--See Isometric Perspective.

_Du Ponts._--A firm at Wilmington, Delaware, who manufactures gun-powder and other explosives.

_Efficient._--That which works the best with the greatest economy.

_Element._--(1) A _chemical element_ is a form of matter which cannot be decomposed. (2) A _mechanical element_ is a single part of a device or a machine.

_Electrolytic._--The decomposition of a chemical compound by an electric current.

_Electroplating._--Depositing one metal on another metal by an electric current.

_Electrotype._--A duplicate of type or cuts for printing, the body of which is of type-metal and the face of copper which has been deposited by an electric current.

_Electrolytic._--Decomposition of a substance, or a solution by means of an electric current.

_Electrolysis._--About the same as _electrolytic_.

_Elementary._--Simple; primary.

_Electro-Chemistry._--Chemistry in which electricity is used.

_Engine lathe._--A large and accurate screw cutting lathe fitted with all known attachments.

_Entering Edge._--The front edge of the main plane of an aeroplane.

_Ether._--A substance filling all space and in, by and through which light, electricity and magnetism acts and travels.

_Evidence of conception._--A signed and sealed statement made at the time or shortly after you get the big idea which will serve as proof of the earliest time you thought of it.

_Excerpt._--A part, or an extract of an article.

_Expert._--One who is trained or is skilful, due to learning and practice.

_Experiment._--(1) To find out an effect, or the cause of it by trials and tests. (2) To work out a process for the purpose of developing an idea. (3) To show the effect of some previous discovery or invention.

_Files._--Patents that are arranged systematically for easy reference.

_Fixture._--See Jig.

_Free-hand Drawing._--See Drawing, Free-hand.

_Full paid._--Stock that has been paid for either in cash or by a patented invention.

_High Frequency Oscillations._--(1) Electric oscillations. (2) Electric currents which alternate in direction 100,000 or more a second.

_Idea, Raw._--The first idea that comes into the mind as a basis for an invention.

_Improvement._--(1) Adding a new element or part to a composition, device or a machine. (2) An improvement constitutes an invention and can be patented.

_Impulse._--A turbine wheel turned by steam forced against its blades.

_Initiative._--The first step or action.

_Indicate._--To point out. To show how a thing is done.

_Inductive Discovery._--(1) The _raw_, or original idea that results from the mind process. It precedes _deductive proof_.

_Inherent stability._--A natural tendency of a body to remain balanced, or when upset to right itself.

_Isometric._--Of equal measure or scale.

_Isometric Perspective._--Three sets of lines of equal measure, that is 120 degrees apart which represent the three dimensions of space.

_Isometric Cross-section paper._--Paper ruled with lines of equal measure for making isometric perspective drawings.

_Jig._--A tool, or _fixture_ used as a guide for cutting tools where duplicate parts are made by a machine.

_Jobber._--A man who buys in large quantities for the manufacturer and sells them to wholesalers or retailers.

_Key._--A tapering wedge for fastening the collar of a wheel on a part of a shaft.

_Litigation._--Law suits.

_Low Voltage Currents._--(1) Currents having a pressure up to 500 volts. (2) Ordinary battery and lighting currents are low voltage.

_Machine Design._--The scientific designing of machines.

_Math._--Abbreviation for mathematics.

_Maxims_, Hiram and Hudson.--Inventors of high explosives, machine guns and other things that make for peace in times of war, and make for war in times of peace.

_Mechanical Movement._--(1) The simplest form of a machine. (2) A combination of two or more of the mechanical powers.

_Memorandum._--A written outline of an agreement, or a contract.

_Micawber._--A character in Dickens’ _David Copperfield_. He was never able to get down to anything but was always waiting for something to turn up.

_Model._--(1) An object or a device made to represent an apparatus or a machine. (2) A device made to show how an apparatus or a machine works. (3) Scale models are smaller than the machines they represent and may be built either to show how the finished apparatus will appear or they may be actual working models.

_Monopoly._--The sole right to make, use and sell an invention or the product of an invention.

_Notary Public._--A commissioned official who holds a seal of his office and who certifies papers, etc.

_Oath._--A sworn statement of the truth.

_Operate._--(1) To put into motion. (2) To do mechanical work. (See Actuate.)

_Ozone._--A colorless gas formed by discharging electricity through the air or oxygen.

_Paper patent._--A patent granted by the patent office for an idea that has never been worked out in practice.

_Part._--A small portion of a device or a machine.

_Par value._--The full, or face value.

_Patent attorney._--A lawyer who makes patent law his business or ought to.

_Patent Expert._--One who is specially trained in an art or a science which enables him to give expert testimony in patent causes.

_Patent Office._--(1) The building in which the patent business of the government is transacted. (2) The office conducted by the government for handling of its patent business. (3) The patent office of the U. S. is one of the bureaus of the Department of the Interior and it is under the direction of a commissioner of patents.

_Patent Examiner._--One who examines and passes on patents in the patent office.

_Patentee._--The one to whom a patent is granted.

_Periphery._--(1) The circumference of a circle. (2) The outer surface of a wheel.

_Perspective Drawing._--See Drawing, Perspective.

_Perspective, Isometric._--See Isometric Perspective.

_Philosophy._--(1) The science of all natural laws. (2) The laws, causes and principles on which facts can be explained. (See Psychology.)

_Precision._--(1) The state of being very accurate. (2) Said of any instrument or machine which works with exactness.

_Principle._--A truth or cause.

_Priority._--Being first.

_Protractor._--An instrument for laying off and measuring angles by degrees.

_Prosecute._--To follow up until a conclusion is reached.

_Pro Rata._--In proportion.

_Psychological moment._--The exact time to impress the mind in the best way.

_Psychology._--(1) A branch of philosophy. (2) The science of the mind and its operations.

_Ramifications._--Subdivisions of a subject or branches of a thing.

_Reaction._--A turbine wheel turned by steam forced from it against the air.

_Rectify._--(1) To make right whatever is wrong. (2) To make a direct current of an alternating current.

_Rectangle._--A four sided plane with right angle corners.

_Reject._--To refuse to accept, as to reject a claim in a patent.

_Retainer._--The advance fee paid to an attorney.

_Retailer._--A man who buys in small quantities and sells piecemeal to consumers.

_Royalty._--A share of the profits paid to the owner of a patented article or a device by those whom he allows to make or use it.

_Scale._--A piece of wood, metal or other material with graduated lines on it and used for measuring.

_Securities._--Property of any kind which has enough value to keep the credit good.

_Semi-circle._--(1) Half of a circle. (2) A segment of a circle equal to 180 degrees.

_Shares._--(1) The equal parts of the capital stock of a company. (2) The shares are represented by _certificates_.

_Shareholder._--An owner of the shares of stock of a company.

_Shop-right license._--A legal permit given to the owner of a shop to make and sell a patented article or device.

_Sketch._--A crude picture.

_Standardize._--To make a device or a machine to conform to a certain type.

_Stockholder._--An owner of the shares of the stock in a company.

_Stock._--(1) The shares of a company which represent its capital. (2) Goods traded in for a profit. (3) The raw materials used for manufacturing purposes. (4) The manufactured goods that are held in reserve.

_St. Elmo’s Fire._--An electric glow which is often seen at the end of a spar of a ship at night.

_Synthesis._--To combine chemical elements to form a compound.

_Synthetic._--A chemically prepared substance which is exactly like that found in nature, as _synthetic camphor_, _synthetic sapphires_, etc.

_Technical Expert._--See Patent expert.

_Transfer of Energy._--Changing the energy of one body to another body.

_Transformation of Energy._--Changing the form of energy, as from electricity to magnetism, or from heat to light.

_Transactions, or Proceedings._--The published reports of scientific and other societies.

_Treasury stock._--The shares that belong to the company and which are used to provide it with working capital.

_Trustees._--About the same thing as _directors_.

_Tungsten._--A steel gray metallic element.

_Tyro._--A beginner.

_Useful art._--Anything which requires ingenuity to fashion, and which can be used for some good purpose.

_Valid._--(1) That which holds good. (2) A patent that is founded on fact and in law.

_Who’s Who._--A red book of noted men and women living in the United States.

_Wholesaler._--One who buys and sells in large quantities.

_Wing._--The main or supporting plane of an aeroplane.

_Working Drawing._--See Drawing, Working.

INDEX

Acetylene gas, 16, 89

Action of patent office, 125

Advertising for agents, 167

Advertising campaign, 173
How to start an, 179

Advertising, classified, 169
Displayed, 177
Stereotyped copy, 178

Advertising an inventor’s job, 178

Advertising patent attorneys, 48, 113

Advertising versus publicity, 175

Aeroplane, 43
Inventing, 215
State of the art of, 52

Agent, manufacturer’s, 170

Agents, advertising for, 167
Selling through sales, 171

Agreement, form of an invention, 133

Air brake, invention of the, 205

Alternating current generator, 77

Alloys, some useful, 240

Aluminum, 16, 89

Amending the specification and claims, 118, 125

Ammeter, 83

Appendices, 229

Applying for a patent, 117

Archives of patent office, 126

Arc lamps, 79

Assignment, patent, 134, 217

Atoms and molecules, 61

Attorneys, advertising patent, 48

Automobile, invention of the, 209

Ball bearings, 61

Band saw, 158

Battery, 76

Bell, Alexander, telephone inventor, 206

Bell telephone, 56, 206

Bentley and Knight, trolley line inventors, 211

Berliner, Emile, graphophone inventor, 207

Bessemer, Henry, inventor of cheap steel process, 204

Board of examiners-in-chief, 127

Book,
of account, 140
on electro-chemistry, 90
of mechanical movements, 69
Minute, 141
on modern views of electricity, 75
on Physics, 69
Stock certificate, 141
Stock ledger, 142
Stock transfer, 141
on Chemistry, 88
on Wireless, 82

Bourseul, Charles, telephone inventor, 205

Branca, steam turbine inventor, 209

Brokers who advertise, 136

Brush, dynamo inventor, 46

Buffing machine, 156

Bullock, printing press inventor, 203

Business ability in inventing, 131

Buying machine tools, 150

Calcium carbide, 16, 89

Carborundum, 16, 89

Carré, Ferdinand, ice machine inventor, 204

Capital, how to enlist, 135
Stock, 139
of a stock company, 138

Cardboard models, uses of, 42

Casting in brass and iron, 110

Castings compared with wood, 237

Caveats, 217

Certificate of incorporation, 139

Chemical apparatus, 87

Chemicals and their common names, 249

Chemical compounds, inventing, 14

Chemical elements and their symbols, 248

Chemical equipment for experimenting, 86

Chemical inventions, ideas for, 14

Chemistry, how to experiment, 84
First book on, 7
Inventions in, 59

Circularizing, 169

Claims, amending patent, 118, 125
Patent, 49, 117, 122

Coal tar colors, 89

Collins, A. Frederick, wireless telephone inventor, 215

Commissioner of Patents, 49, 116, 125, 127, 218

Company, see stock company, 138

Conferences of associates, 167

Contracts, about signing, 137

Copyrights, 221

Corporation, outfit needed by, 141

Corporate seal, 142

Corporation, see stock company, 138

Correspondent, 47

Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia, 127

Cross-sectional drawings, 21

Current electricity, 74-76

Daft, Leo, trolley line inventor, 211

Davenport, Thomas, electric railway inventor, 211

Davy, safety lamp inventor, 5

Deductive proof, 6

De Laval, steam turbine inventor, 209

Depreciation of machinery, 164

Design patents, 216

Diagrams, how to make electrical, 39

Discoveries, accidental, 4

Discovery of vulcanized rubber, 4

Direct current, 76

Drawing a box, 22

Drawing, free hand, 19
Isometric ellipse, 32
Mechanical, 19

Drawing paper, isometric, 26
How to make isometric, 27

Drawing in perspective, simple way, 26

Drawing a steam engine, 22

Drawing tools needed, 29

Drawings, cross-sectional, 21
Detailed, 21
How to letter them, 36
How to make simple working, 20
How to shade them, 36
Isometric, 122
in perspective, isometric, 20, 25, 26
Rules for patent, 117
Scale, 19-21
Some aids to, 40
Tools for making simple, 19
Working, 19

Drill press, hand, 103
Pillar type, 153

Dynamo electric machine, 45

Dynamo and motor, invention of the, 205

Eastman, Charles, kodak inventor, 131, 208

Edison, 5, 46, 131, 180, 206, 207, 210, 213

Efficiency in manufacture, 147

Electric,
Alternating current, 77
Battery, 88
Bell, 13
Block signal system, 58
Condenser, 75
Current, 76
Direct current, 76
Furnace, 88
Induction, 75
Interrupted direct current, 76
Locomotive, invention of the, 212
Motors, individual, 157
Power, 148
Pulsating direct current, 76
Railway, invention of the, 211
Smelting, 89
Waves, 75

Electrical,
Diagrams, how to make, 39
Equipment for experimenting, 82
Invention ideas, for, 11
Symbols, how to make, 36
Symbols, terms and formulas, 242
Units, 242

Electricity, current, 74
Forms of, 74
How to experiment with, 74
Static, 74-75

Electro-chemical inventions, ideas for, 15

Electro-chemistry, how to experiment with, 88
Inventions in, 59, 89

Electrolysis, 89

Electromagnet, 13, 78
Plunger, 79
Waves, 79

Electro-mechanical devices, 80

Electro-mechanical inventions, ideas for, 13

Electroplating, 88

Electrotyping, 88

Electrolytic repairing of copper, 16, 89

Ellipse, drawing an, 32-34

Employee’s patent agreement, 99

Energy, 59

Energy,
Forms of, 61
of motion, 60
of position, 60

Ether, 75
Energy of, 62

Evidence of conception, 18, 113

Examiner of interferences, 126

Examiner, patent office, 50

Experiment, how to, 58
With machines, how to, 59
Working out ideas by, 7
With electro-chemistry, how to, 88

Experimenting, value of, 7

Experts, technical patent, 128

Faraday, dynamo inventor, 3, 45

Flying machine, helicopter, 94

Follow-up letters, 170

Foreign patents,
Dominion of Canada, Great Britain, 224
France and Colonies, Germany and Colonies, Austria and Hungary,
Belgium, Spain, Italy, Russia, Denmark, 225
Norway and Sweden, Switzerland, Portugal and Turkey, 226
Holland, India, Australian Commonwealth, Japan and China, Africa,
Central America, West Indies, South America, 226

Fulton, Robert, steamboat inventor, 202

Ford, Henry, greatest automobile manufacturer in the world, 210

Free-hand drawing, 19

Friction, reducing, 236
Work against, 61

Finishing your product, 162

Gas engine, invention of the, 204

Gas furnace, 150

Gears and gearing, 238

Genius versus college professors, 5

Government monopoly, 112, 127

Gramme, dynamo inventor, 205

Graphophone, invention of the, 207

Grinder, 151

Gyro-compass, 13, 18

Gyro-motor for aeroplane, 43

Hall of Fame, New York University, 203
Progress and civilization, 203

Heat, 61

Helicopter, flying machine, 94

Hero, steam turbine inventor, 208

High frequency, Alternators, 78
Currents, 12, 75
Machine, 162

Hiring and firing men, 161

Hoe Brothers, printing press inventors, 203

Howe, Elias, sewing machine inventor, 56, 203

Hydro-electric power, 149

Ice machine, invention of the, 204

Idea,
The big, 181
Factory, 180
First raw, 3, 6
Getting an, 1
How to get an, 1
of an inventive genius, 2
Protecting your, 97
What it is, 2
Where it originates, 3

Ideas,
For chemical inventions, 14
For electrical inventions, 11
For electro-chemical inventions, 15
For electro-mechanical inventions, 13
For inventions in general, 9
Kinds of, 3
For mechanical inventions, 9
Protecting raw ideas, 16
Thought out, 6
Working out on paper, 19

Incandescent light, invention of the, 210

Inclined plane, 63

Index of the patent office, 53

Individual electric motors, 157

Induction coil, 76

Inductive discovery, 3

Infra-red waves, 75, 79

Infringement suit, 18

Infringers of patents, 127

Initial funds, how to raise, 132

Interferences, 126

Interruptor, 76

Improvements needed, 181

Iron ore, reduction of, 90

Invent,
What to, 180
What not to, 197

Inventing,
Chemical compounds, 14
Secret of, 180
As a vocation, 131

Invention,
Agreement, form of an, 133
Guardian angel of, 7
Heroes of, 200
How to patent your, 112
Keeping an interest in, 133
Manufacturing an, 146
Pay, making your, 131
Protecting your, 97, 119
Record of your, 18
Of the sewing machine, 56
Of the wardrobe trunk, 4
What it consists of, 118

Inventions,
In chemistry, 59
In electro-chemistry, 59, 89
In general, ideas for, 9
Great, and what they paid, 203
That have paid big, little, 201
Ideas for chemical, 14
Ideas for electrical, 11
Ideas for electro-chemical, 15
Ideas for electro-mechanical, 13
Ideas for mechanical, 9
Some big, needed,
Safety first, automobiles, 187
Aviation, 188
Chemistry, 190
Electricity, 191
Electro-chemistry, 192
Building, mining and metallurgy, 193
Printing, moving pictures, 195
Other field of endeavor, 196
Needed,
For the farm, some little, 183
For fun, 185
For the house, 182
For the office, 184
For the person, 182
Protection against theft, 100
Real, and what they paid, 202
Selling small, 167
Simple, and what they paid, 202
What some have paid, 200

Inventive ability, 131

Inventive world, tour of, 200

Inventors, 5
Self-taught, 5

Inventor’s salary contract, 144

Isometric,
Drawing paper, 26
Ellipse, how to draw, 32
Paper, how to make, 27
Perspective drawings, 20, 26, 122

Jig saw, 157

Kinetograph, invention of the, 213

Kinetoscope, invention of the, 213

Kodak camera, invention of the, 208

Lathe, engine, 152
Foot power, screw cutting, 103
Plain, 151
Screw cutting, power, 152

Lawyer, retaining a, 144

Lever, 63
Bent, 64
Compound, 64-65

Leyden jar, 75

Light waves, 75

Light, 79

Linotype, invention of the, 212

Lists of consumers, where to buy, 169

Locomotive, invention of the, 202

Lodge, Sir Oliver, 181

Machine design, 58

Machine screws and nuts, sizes of, 235

Machine tools, buying, 150

Machines, commercial uses of, 62
Compound, 69
How to experiment with, 59
Principles of, 62

Magnet, electro-, 78
Permanent steel, 78

Magnetism, 74, 78

Magneto-electric machine, 76

Mail order business, 168

Marconi, William, wireless telegraph inventor, 6, 214

Manikin for drawing, 40

Marketing your product, 166

Mathematical formulas, some useful, 231

Manual of classification, patent office, 57

Manufacture, problem of, 146

Manufactured product, finished, 162

Manufacturer’s agent, 170

Manufactory, locating a, 149
Starting your own, 148

Manufacturing your invention, 146

Material, buying the raw, 159

Materials, automatic machine made, 107, 159
Buying, 108
Raw, 149

Mechanics, principles of, 58

Mechanical,
Drawings, 19
Inventions, ideas for, 9
Movements, 58, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73
Powers, 59, 63

Mergenthaler, Ottmar, 212

Micrometer, 103
How to read a, 105

Metric,
Changed to English measure, 234
or decimal system, 232
Measures of length, 233
Measures of weight, 233

Milling machine, universal, 156

Minute book, 140

Model,
of a British express locomotive, 95
Building a, 96
How to make, 91
Makers, 97
Ways to make, 97

Models,
How to make cardboard, 42
in Patent Office, 91
Rough, 91-92
Scale, 91-92, 95
Working, 91-92

Molecules and atoms, 61

Monopoly, Government, 112, 127

Morse, Samuel F. B., telegraph inventor, 203

Moving pictures, invention of the, 212

Muybridge, Eadweard, 213

Nitric acid of the air, 16, 89

Oath, patent, 120
Form of, 124

Official Gazette of the Patent Office, 53, 218

Ohm’s Law, 243

Organizing a shop force, 160

Oscillating current, 78

Otto, N. A., gas engine inventor, 204

Overhead charges, 164
How to figure, 165

Oxy-Hydrogen furnace, 85

Ozone of the air, 89

Page, C. T., electric railway inventor, 211

Parsons, steam turbine inventor, 209

Partner, how to secure, 135-136

Partnership, forming a, 135

Patent,
About an interest in a, 134
Agreement, Employee’s, 99
Amending claims, 125
Application, 116
Application, filing fee for, 114
Applying for a, 117
Applying for your own, 115
Assignment, 134
Causes, 128
Claims, 49, 117, 120, 122
Claims, Amending, 117
Claims, narrow, 113
Copy of a, 125
Counsel, 128
Design, 216
Drawings, 120, 122
Drawings, rules for, 117
Final Government fee for, 114
Getting a, 51
is granted, after your, 127
is granted, when your, 127
Interferences, 55, 126
that pended for seven years, 126
is pending, while your, 125
Petition, 120
Specifications, 49, 53, 117, 120, 122
Suits, 128
System bubbles, 115
What it consists of, 112, 120
What you may, 118

Patentee, 127

Patenting your invention, 112

Patent attorneys,
Catching your, 115
Flat-rate fee for, 114
Judgment of, 118
Retaining a, 47
Temptation of, 115

Patent attorneys, 54, 126, 127
Advertising, 48, 113
Choosing a, 112
High-grade, 114
Least charges of, 224
Watching, 117

Patent examiner, 50, 91, 114, 115
Versus inventors discontent, 126
and sewing machine needle, 56
Sub-cellar, 51
Methods, 125

Patent experts, technical, 128

Patent oath, 120, 124

Patent office,
Action, 125
Archives, 126
Citing references, 117
Citations, 125
Fees, 217
Index, 53
Manual of classification, 57
Official Gazette, 53
Red tape, 126
Rejection of claims, 117
Rules of practice of, 116

Patent office search, a desk, 48
a free, 48
a special, 48
Preliminary, 49

Patents,
Foreign, 224
See foreign patents
Paper, 130
Number granted each year, 118

Patterns, complicated, 110
Making, 108

Perpetual motion, 62, 77, 199

Perspective drawings, 25
Isometric, 20, 26

Perspective, simple way to draw in, 26

Petition, patent, 120

Philosophy, 3, 6

Phonograph, invention of the, 207

Physics, first book on, 7

Planer, 154

Planté, Gaston, storage battery inventor, 208

Power, 59, 65

Protractor, how to use it, 31

Protecting raw ideas, 16

Preliminary search, 47

Printing press, perfecting, invention of the, 203

Priority, 16

Profits, how to figure, 165

Promoter, ordinary, 137
Professional, 100
Real, 137
Tin-horn, 137
Where he comes in, 136

Pseudotriakis microdon, 113

Publicity, how to get it, 175

Pulley, 63

Radiation, 74, 79

Reading helps, 6

References, Patent Office citing, 117

Register of copyrights, 221

Reis, Johanne Phillip, telephone inventor, 205

Resistance bridge, 83

Rights, selling invention, 135

Ro, a universal language, 50

Roosevelt, 115

Royalties on inventions, 135

Rubber, discovery of, 4

Rules of practice, 120, 135, 218

Saving the watchword, 194

Scale drawings, 19, 21

Screw, 63
Theory of the, 68

Seal, corporate, 142

Seal Press, 142

Search, a desk patent office, 48
Free patent, 48, 113
Preliminary Patent Office, 49
Special Patent Office, 49

Selden, George B., daddy of the automobile, 209

Selling direct to the consumer, 172

Selling goods, basic principles of, 166

Selling through sales agents, 171

Selling the stock issue of a company, 147

Selling through the trade, 174

Sewing machine, invention of the, 203

Sewing machine needle, 56

Shaper, 155

Shop force, organizing a, 160

Shop foreman, hiring a, 160

Shop rights, selling, 135

Shop, starting your own, 148

Shrinkage of castings, 111

Siemens, dynamo inventor, 204

Snap-shot camera, invention of the, 208

Solders, hard, 241

Solenoid, 13, 79

Spark-coil, 76

Specifications, patent, 53

Starr, J. W., incandescent lamp inventor, 210

Standardizing your product, 159

Static electricity, 74-75

Specification, amending the, 118
Patent, 49, 117

State of the art, 45
Having a patent attorney look it up, 47
How to learn the, 46
How to look it up, 47, 51
Use of the, 46
What it means, 45

Steam boat, invention of the, 202

Steam engine, drawing of a, 22
Invention of the, 202

Steam turbine, invention of the, 208

Steel, high speed, 244

Steel process, invention of the, 204

Stephenson, locomotive inventor, 202

Stock certificate, 141

Stock certificate book, 141

Stock company, fees for incorporating, 140
How it is operated, 142
How to organize a, 139

Stock ledger, 142

Stock full paid, 143

Stock room, 161

Stock of a company, selling the, 144

Stock transfer book, 11

Stock, treasury, 143

Stock company, what it is, 138

Storage battery, invention of the, 208

Supreme Court, U. S., 112

Symbols, how to make electrical, 36

Synthetic gems, 85

Taps and dies, sizes of, 235

Telautograph, 13, 17

Telegraph, invention of the, 203

Telegraph sounder, 13

Telephone, Bell, 56
Invention of the, 205

Telephone transmitter, 76

Territorial rights, 135

Tesla, dynamo inventor, 46

Thermometer scales, four chief, 251

Things are money, 201

Thompson, dynamo inventor, 46

Thoughts are things, 201

Thurber, Charles, typewriter inventor, 207

Time stamp, Thompson, 161

Tools, useful jewelers and machinists, 101

Tour of the inventive world, 200

Trade marks, 220

Transfer tax law, 141

Treasury stocks, 143

Trolley car and line invention of the, 211

Twining, ice machine inventor, 204

Twist drills, sizes of, 235

Typewriter, invention of the, 207

Ultra violet waves, 75, 79

United States patent, 127

United States Patent Office, 47, 135

United States Supreme Court, 112

Unit of work, 60

Universal milling machine, 156

Van Depoele, C. J., trolley line inventor, 211

Velocity, 60

Vernier, 103

Vernier, how to read a, 103

Violet ray machine, 162

Vibrator, 76

Voltmeter, 83

Watt, James, steam engine inventor, 202

Wedge, 63

What not to invent, 197

Wheatstone, Charles, telephone inventor, 206

Wheel and axle, 63

Weston, dynamo inventor, 46

Westinghouse, air brake inventor, 131, 205

Wilde, dynamo inventor, 204

Winding machine, 83

Wire
Gage, how to use a, 106
Number, length, weight and resistance of pure copper, 244, 245
Prices of insulated magnet, 247
Number of turns that can be wound in a given space, 246

Wiring diagrams, how to make, 39

Wireless telegraph, invention of the, 214

Wireless telephone, 12

Wireless telephone, invention of the, 215

Wireless waves, 75

Words and terms used in this book, 253

Work, 59
Energy and power, 60
Farming it out, 147
Unit of, 60

Working drawings, 19

Wright brothers, aeroplane inventors, 215

FOOTNOTES

[1] Ro is a universal language invented by the Rev. Edward P. Foster of Marietta, Ohio. According to the _New York Times_ the frogs have talked _ro_ from the first and any child ought to be able to learn it in less than twice the lifetime of Old Parr.

[2] For a further explanation of these very interesting phenomena, read _Modern Views of Electricity_, by Sir Oliver Lodge.

[3] The _pseudotriakis microdon_ is one of the rarest species of sharks. It is a small toothed nurse shark and is known from only two specimens, one of which turned up on the coast of Portugal and the other on Long Island.

[4] “Fear God and take your own part,”--_Roosevelt._

[5] See Chapter XII on Design Patents.

[6] The italics are not mine.

* * * * *

Transcriber’s Notes:

Italic text is denoted by _underscores_ and bold text by ~tildes~.

“[F]” and “[R]” were used to represent blackletter in the table of Appendix O.

The half-title page has been removed.

Variations in spelling, hyphenation, and accents remain as in the original unless noted below.

Page 34, “AB” changed to “A B” (“as shown at A B”).
Page 140, “incoporation” changed to “incorporation” (“the subscribers
to the certificate of incorporation”).
Page 140, period changed to semicolon after “the amount of cash must
be stated.”
Page 144, comma added after “(a) by personal solicitation.”
Page 178, “sensative” changed to “sensitive” (“and impress the
sensitive area of his brain”).
Page 182, period added after “Fig” (“see Fig. 103”).
Page 203, “webb” changed to “web” (“The first web printing press”).
Page 233, “1000” changed to “1,000.”
Page 234, “1,6093” changed to “1.6093.”
Page 248, “Florine” changed to “Fluorine.”
Page 253, “operate” changed to “Operate” (“See Operate”).
Page 261, period changed to comma after “of mechanical movements.”
Page 263, “Ellipose” changed to “Ellipse.”
Page 264, “individual” changed to “Individual” (“Individual electric
motors”).
Page 266, comma added after “Metric.”
Page 266, comma added after “Model.”
Page 266, comma added after “Models.”
Page 267, comma added after “Partnership.”
Page 267, comma added after “Patent.”
Page 267, comma added after “Patents.”
Page 268, superfluous comma removed in “Pseudotriakis microdon.”

End of Project Gutenberg's Inventing for Boys, by A. Frederick Collins