Chapter II: The Scandinavian Element

First inroads of the Northmen 17
Turgesius 17
Danes and Norwegians 18
Danish power in Ireland 19
Its limits 21
Revival of the Celts 22
Brian Borumha 23
Battle of Clontarf 28
Conversion of the Danes 29
Superiority of their civilisation 30
Brian's monarchy not permanent 31
Danish Christianity in Ireland 32
Conflict between Canterbury and Armagh 33
Papal supremacy fully established 34

CHAPTER III.

THE REIGN OF HENRY II.

Ireland given to England by the Popes 37
First interference of Henry II. 39
An Anglo-Norman party in Ireland 40
Strongbow 41
Anglo-Norman invasion 42
Henry II. in Ireland 47
Difficulties of the invaders 49
Henry was unable to carry out his own policy 52
An Irish kingdom contemplated 54
Viceroyalty of John 55
No conquest of Ireland under Henry II. 56

CHAPTER IV.

FROM JOHN'S VISIT IN 1210 TO THE INVASION BY THE BRUCES IN 1315.

John Lord of Ireland 58
King John in Ireland 59
Leinster divided after Strongbow's death 61
The De Burgos in Connaught 61
The colony declines under Henry III. 62
Results of Edward I.'s policy 64
The Bruces invade Ireland 65

CHAPTER V.

FROM THE INVASION OF THE BRUCES TO THE YEAR 1346.

Why the Bruces failed 69
Decline of the colony 70
The colonists become _Hibernis ipsis Hiberniores_ 71
Creation of the great earldoms 71
Irish corporate towns 73
Anglo-Norman families 75
Further decline of the colony under Edward III. 76
Dissensions among the colonists 77

CHAPTER VI.

FROM THE YEAR 1346 TO THE ACCESSION OF HENRY VII.

Lionel, Duke of Clarence 80
The statute of Kilkenny 81
Its effect in dividing the rival races 83
Richard II.'s first visit 85
His second visit 86
His complete failure 87
Henry IV. and V. neglect Ireland 87
Foreign wars fatal to Ireland 89
Richard of York made Lord-Lieutenant 90
A Yorkist party in Ireland 91
The colony reduced to the utmost 93

CHAPTER VII.

THE IRISH PARLIAMENT.

A close copy 94
Growth of representative institutions 95
The sphere of English law contracted under Edward III. 96
The Parliament of Kilkenny not representative of Ireland 97
The peerage 98
The clergy as an estate 99
The Viceroy 100