Chapter XVIII: The Reign of Mary (2)

Sussex had left Leix and Offaly in confusion, and he returned to find them in the same state, his brother, Sir Henry Radecliffe, being actually besieged in Maryborough by the natives, under Donogh and another O'Connor, accompanied by Richard Oge, one of the bastard Geraldines who had so long been troublesome. The garrison beat off their assailants after a hard fight, Richard Oge falling by the hand of Francis Cosby; but Donough again escaped. The first matter which demanded the personal attention of Sussex after his return was the state of Thomond, where Sir Donnell More O'Brien--who had slain his brother, the second Earl, five years before--was now disputing the title of his young nephew Connor, whose principal castles he held. Ormonde, whose aunt was the young lord's mother, was of course interested in his favour, and the same reason was enough to make Desmond incline to Sir Donnell. It became necessary for Sussex himself to go in force and establish some kind of order. Taking the familiar line through Offaly and Ely, Leap Castle being abandoned at their approach, the Lord Deputy and his troops, strengthened on the route by the adhesion of Barnaby Fitzpatrick and a considerable force, marched across North Tipperary by Newport and Cahirconlish to Limerick, which was reached on the seventh day after leaving Dublin. At a point a few miles from the city Ormonde and his brother Edmund appeared with a large party. The young lord of Cahir, Gerald the heir of Desmond, with all the forces of his house, MacCarthy More, who received the honour of knighthood and a gold chain and gilded spurs, and William Burke, chief of the district, joined on the same day. At the gate of Limerick the mayor and aldermen in scarlet robes delivered to Sussex the keys and mace, which he returned to the mayor. With the civic insignia and sword of state borne before him, the Lord Deputy rode to the door of the cathedral, where the Marian bishop, Hugh Lacy, met him, and where he was censed and sprinkled with holy water. Sussex kissed the cross both here and at the rood, where the same ceremonies were repeated, and knelt devoutly at the high altar while the _Te Deum_ was sung. Salutes were fired after church.

[Sidenote: The Desmonds at Limerick.]

The Lord Deputy rested ten days at Limerick, during which time was performed the rite of 'bishoping' Desmond's youngest child, the old Earl being present himself. This was a first or second baptism, for the little Fitzgerald was not old enough to be confirmed, and the Lord Deputy stood sponsor and gave his god-child his own name, and presented him at the same time with a gold chain. The career of James Sussex Fitzgerald thus auspiciously begun was destined to end in a traitor's death on the scaffold.

[Sidenote: The O'Briens.]

Sir Donnell O'Brien failed to appear, and was thrice proclaimed traitor at Limerick. Sussex then issued forth into Thomond. Clare Castle and Ennis made no resistance, but a few cannon shot had to be fired at Bunratty before it surrendered. The Earl of Thomond, having been placed in possession of his country, was sworn upon the sacraments and on the relics of the Church with bell, book, and candle, to forsake the name of O'Brien, and to be true to the King and Queen. All the freeholders of the district swore in the same solemn way to obey him as their captain.

[Sidenote: O'Shaughnessy.]

On his journey westward from Limerick, Sussex spent a night with O'Shaughnessy at Gort, where he 'dined so worshipfully as divers wondered at it, for the like was not seen in an Irishman's house.' At Galway he was received with the same civic, military, and religious ceremonies as at Limerick, and, after staying four or five days, returned by Athenry and Meelick into Offaly, and thence to Dublin.[420]

[Sidenote: Expedition against the Hebridean Scots. It ends in failure.]

Sidney's apprehensions were partially realised, for James MacDonnell landed before Sussex with 600 islemen and two guns. But Carrickfergus had been reinforced, and the greater part of the Scots returned to their own country. Colla MacDonnell, one of the chief's five brothers and the resident guardian of his clan's Irish interests, died soon afterwards, and, his brother Angus having refused to take his place, Sorley Boy, the youngest and ablest of the family, filled the vacant post. It was decided to attack the Redshanks in their own islands, and a fleet assembled at Lambay from which great things were evidently expected. Sussex urged despatch; but the delays of the supply service were inveterate, and nothing was done for nearly three weeks. The Lord Deputy landed first in Cantire, and began operations by burning James MacDonnell's 'chief house called Sandell, a fair pile and a strong.'

[Sidenote: The fleet is in danger,]

He boasted that in three days he burned everything from sea to sea in a district twenty miles long, and this without meeting any opposition worth notice. Isla was the great object of the expedition; but the wind was unfavourable, and the incendiary's work could be carried on elsewhere. Arran was accordingly devastated, the army dividing into two, so as to make the damage more complete. Isla being still inaccessible, the same fate was intended for Bute, but just as the boats were about to be manned a sudden gale sprung up, 'and that being then the weather shore the wind wheeled suddenly and made it the lee shore, whereby we being very near the shore were forced to ride it out for life and death in such a place as if any tackle had slipped or broken the ship whose tackle had so slipped or broken must needs have perished.' The cable of a Dublin transport parted, and she foundered with a loss of twenty-eight men. Most of the small vessels got into harbour, 'but the masters of H.M.'s ships I think thought scorn thereof.' The fine gentlemen who commanded men-of-war in those days were unwilling to take advice from the old seamen who acted as their sailing masters or pilots. With loss of boats, running rigging, and anchors, the fleet escaped, and the captains, whose courage was 'somewhat cooled,' were content after this to be controlled by their professional associates.

[Sidenote: and is forced to retire.]

The poor little Cumbrays having been ravaged, the disabled vessels were just able to reach Carrickfergus after a dead beat against a stiff north-wester. Sussex landed, and was nearly lost in regaining his flag-ship, the 'Mary Willoughby.' A council of war was then held, and it was found that there were provisions for only three weeks more, and that damages could not be properly repaired in Ireland. Only three ships were at all fit for service; and, moreover, 'the new bark is a ship of such length and unwieldliness in steerage as she is not to be ventured among the isles in such stormy weather, where there be many deep and narrow channels and strong tides.' It was feared that the ships might be becalmed or otherwise delayed in the isles, there was now no spare tackle in case of future storms, and it was by no means impossible that the crews and troops might starve. The hope of visiting Isla was therefore abandoned, and Sussex landed the soldiers with the less ambitious intention of attacking the Scots in the Route. An English fleet and army carefully equipped and commanded by many gallant gentlemen had just succeeded in burning some barren islands, not without considerable loss to themselves, and had returned disabled without striking a blow. Sussex was conscious of his failure, and begged the Queen 'not to impute any lack in me, but to consider that whatever I wrote of was feasible, is feasible, and shall with grace of God be put in execution with a great deal more than I wrote of,' &c. The expedition is not even noticed in the Scots correspondence of the time, nor was anything done to retrieve matters on land. Out of 1,100 soldiers, but 400 were fit for service, the rest being prostrated by illness caused by the foul water on board ship.[421]

[Sidenote: Activity of Sussex. He leaves Ireland at Mary's death.]

Want of activity at least could not be charged against Sussex, who carried out strictly the spirit of the Queen's instructions, which desired him to be constantly on the move. He was at Leighlin a few days after his return from Scotland, and then returned to Dublin, where the affairs of Munster occupied his attention. The old Earl of Desmond was dead, and his son Gerald, destined to a disturbed life and a miserable death, succeeded to the splendid but troublesome inheritance of the Southern Geraldines. He promised fair, and was knighted by the Lord Deputy's hands, who went to Waterford to receive his homage and to admit him to the earldom. Sir Maurice Fitzgerald of Decies, who ruled about one half of the county of Waterford, also made his submission, promising to obey the law and make others obey it, to give his help to all judges, commissioners, and tax-gatherers, and to secure free admission for all to the markets at Waterford, Dungarvan, and elsewhere. The news of Mary's death reached Ireland soon after this, and Sussex, who had already obtained leave to go to England, hurried away to pay his court to the new sovereign. He left Ireland tolerably quiet.[422]

[Sidenote: Story as to an intended Marian persecution in Ireland.]

Mary did all she could to efface her father's anti-Roman policy; but no Irish persecution took place. This may have been less from the Queen's want of will than from the insignificance of the Protestants in Ireland. It is said that many people fled from the western parts of England in hope of sharing the comparative immunity enjoyed by the small Protestant congregation in Dublin. One story seems to show that this had attracted attention, and that Dublin would not have long escaped. It rests on the testimony of Henry Usher, one of the fathers of Trinity College and afterwards Archbishop of Armagh, and was repeated by his more famous nephew James Usher, and by other public men of repute. Henry Usher died at a great age in 1613, and was Treasurer of St. Patrick's as early as 1573. In the absence of anything to rebut it, such evidence can hardly be rejected. The story is that a Protestant citizen of Dublin named John Edmonds had a sister living at Chester married to one Mattershed, who kept an inn or lodging-house in which Cole, Dean of St. Paul's, slept when on his way to purge the Irish Church. 'Here,' said Cole, in the hearing of his hostess, 'is a commission that shall lash the heretics of Ireland.' The good woman watched her opportunity, possessed herself of the doctor's wallet, and substituted a pack of cards for the commission--a service for which she received a pension of 40_l._ from Queen Elizabeth. On reaching Dublin, Cole went straight to the Castle, where the Lord Deputy, who had just returned from his Scotch expedition, was sitting in council. Cole declared his business in a set speech; but when the secretary opened his wallet he found only the cards, with the knave of clubs uppermost. Sussex had conformed to the dominant creed, but had probably no wish to be a persecutor, and may have rejoiced at Cole's discomfiture. 'Let us have another commission,' he said, 'and we will shuffle the cards in the meanwhile.' A new scourge for the heretics was despatched, but before it came to hand Mary's unhappy career had closed.[423]

[Sidenote: Death of Mary and Reginald Pole.]

The weak enthusiast who, far more than Gardiner or Bonner, must share the responsibility for the persecution with which this Queen's name is inseparably connected, was not long divided from her in death. Reginald Pole survived his kinswoman some twenty-two hours, and almost the last sounds to reach his ears were the cheers with which a people that breathed freely once more greeted the accession of Queen Elizabeth.

FOOTNOTES:

[391] Morrin's _Patent Rolls_, p. 304.

[392] Instructions for Sir A. St. Leger, Oct. 1553; Morrin's _Patent Rolls_, pp. 300-304.

[393] Petition of Connor MacCarthy, 1553. The Queen to Sussex, July 6, 1558. Orders taken at Drogheda, Dec. 6, 1553, in _Carew_.

[394] Bale's select works, Parker Society; _King Johan_, a play, ed. J. Payne Collier, Camden Society; 'God's promises in all ages of the old law,' in Dodsley's _Old Plays_, vol. i.; a brief comedy or interlude of John Baptist in _Harl. Misc._ vol. i.

[395] Bale's _Vocation_; Cotton's _Fasti_, vol. i. p. 123.

[396] Bale's _Vocation_; Ware's _Annals_. Queen Elizabeth to the two St. Legers, calendared under 1559 (No. 85). Dr. Reid printed the following contemporary epigram:--

'Plurima Lutherus patefecit, Platina multa,
Quædam Vergerius, cuncta Balæus habet.'

[397] Hook's _Life of Pole_, vol. iii. p. 359, note; Machyn's _Diary_, Jan. 27, 1554; _Life of Sir Peter Carew_, ed. by Macleane, and also printed in _Carew_, vol. i.

[398] Brady; Cotton. Dowling says of Thonory: 'Pro dolore amissionis thesauri sui per fures mortuus. Fures confitebantur et executi.'

[399] Indentures with the O'Briens, Sept. 1554, in _Carew_; _Four Masters_, 1554.

[400] Sarpi's _Council of Trent_, trans. by Courayer, lib. v. cap. 15, and the _notes_. Dr. Lingard, vol. v. end of chap. v., objects to Fra Paolo's account, but I cannot see that his own much differs.

[401] Brady; Hook's _Life of Pole_; Ware's _Life of Curwin_; Rymer, Feb. 22, and April 25, 1555; Morrin's _Patent Rolls_, p. 339.

[402] Hooker in Holinshed; St. Leger to Petre, Dec. 18, 1555; _Four Masters_, 1555. James MacDonnell's agents to Calvagh O'Donnell, calendared under 1554 (No. 7).

[403] Instructions to Lord Fitzwalter, April 28, 1556, in _Carew_. _Sidney Papers_, i. p. 85.

[404] Ware's _Annals_.

[405] Sussex's Journal, Aug. 8, 1556, in _Carew_; Sidney's Relation, in _Carew_; 1583; Lord Deputy Fitzwalter to the Queen, Jan. 2, 1557; _Calendar of Foreign State Papers_, Oct. 28, 1556.

[406] Opinions of Lord Fitzwalter, Jan. 2, 1557. He mentions hake as 'a kind of salt fish much eaten in Ireland.'

[407] Privy Council to Lord Deputy, Sept. 30, 1556; Orders for Leix, Dec.; Lord Deputy to the Queen, Jan. 2, 1557. An Act of Parliament was passed in 1557, entitling the Crown to Leix and Offaly, and authorising the Lord Deputy to make grants under the Great Seal.

[408] Proceedings of the Deputy and Council, Feb. 25, 1557, in _Carew_. _Four Masters_ for 1555 and 1556.

[409] _Four Masters_, 1555 and 1556. Proceedings of Deputy and Council, Feb. 25, 1557, in _Carew_. Dowling says Connel O'More was 'apud pontem Leighlin cruci affixus.' Ware's _Annals_.

[410] Thomas Alen to Cecil, Dec. 18, 1558; Letters of Queen Mary, calendared under 1557 (Nos. 63 and 64), and petitions (Nos. 65 and 66). For grants of abbey-lands, see Morrin's _Patent Rolls_, passim. Mary's only Irish Parliament (3 and 4 Phil. et Mar.), met June 1, 1557, in Dublin. There were adjournments to Limerick and Drogheda. See Stuart's _Armagh_, p. 244, and Rymer, Dec. 1, 1556.

[411] July 1557; Journal by Sussex of that date in Carew; _Four Masters_, 1557.

[412] October; _Four Masters_, 1557.

[413] _Four Masters._ This was towards the end of 1557.

[414] _Four Masters_, 1557.

[415] Lord Justice Sidney and Council to the Privy Council, Feb. 8, 1558; Desmond to the Queen, Feb. 5 and Feb. 23, and her answer, April 19; Sidney to Sussex, Feb. 26, and to the Queen, March 1.

[416] Piers to Curwin, Feb. 14, 1558; Sussex to Boxoll, June 8; Articles by an Irishman, 1558 (No. 15).

[417] The Queen's letters are all dated March 12.

[418] See instructions in _Carew_, March 20; Estimate for munitions, March 13.

[419] Machyn's _Diary_; Sussex to Privy Council, April 7, with inclosures; Dowdall to Heath, Nov. 17, 1557.

[420] This tour is in _Carew_, i. 274-277; the date in the end of July 1558.

[421] For the expedition to the isles, see Sussex to the Queen, Oct. 3, Oct. 6, and Oct. 31, 1558.

[422] Journeys by the Earl of Sussex, July and Nov. 1558, in _Carew_; oath of Gerald Earl of Desmond, Nov. 28.

[423] Ware's _Life of Browne_. In their instructions to the Lord Deputy and Council, Philip and Mary say:--'Lord Cardinal Poole, being sent unto us from the Pope's Holiness and the said See Apostolic Legate of our said realms, mindeth _in brief time_ to despatch into Ireland certain his commissioners and officials to visit the clergy _and other members_ of the said realm of Ireland,' &c., _Carew_, April 28, 1556.

INDEX

TO

THE FIRST VOLUME.

Abbeyleix, 399

Abertivy, 41, 42

Adamnan, St., 6, 15

Adare, 191, 218, 229, 267

Adrian IV., Pope (Nicholas Breakspeare), his bull, 37-39, 49, 260

Aedh, or Hugh, King, 29

Æneas Sylvius;
_see_ Pius II.

Agard, Thomas, Vice-Treasurer and Treasurer of the Mint, 207, 208,
319, 320

Aghmacarte monastery, 314

Agricola, 1, 2

Aidan, St., 6

Alban's, St., 34

Alemand, L. A., his history of Irish monasticism, 314-316, 318

Alen, or Allen, John, Archbishop of Dublin (1529-1534), 163;
murdered, 165, 166, 171, 172, 290-296

Alen, Sir John, Master of the Rolls (1533-1538), Lord Chancellor
(1538-1546 and 1548-1550), 156, 158-160, 162, 164, 171, 193,
195, 208, 212, 233, 235-237, 244, 259, 267, 283-285, 304, 305,
313, 320, 335, 337-339, 345, 346, 348, 357, 358, 385

Alexander II., Pope, 33

-- III., Pope, 37, 49, 54

Aline, Strongbow's daughter, 50

Allen, Bog of, 176

All Saints', Dublin, 321

Ambrose, St., 366

Amlaf, 18, 19;
and _see_ Olaf.

Andreas, Bernard, his works on Henry VII., 116, 117

Andrew's, St., in Scotland, 306

-- -- in Dublin, 302

Angareta, mother of Giraldus Cambrensis, 41

Angevins, 11

Annaghdown;
_see_ Enaghdune.

Anne, Queen, 197

-- -- _see_ Boleyn.

-- St., 386

Anschar, St., 31

Anselm, St., 34, 35

Antrim, 66, 77, 237, 272

Aquitaine, 40, 45

Arabic coins in Ireland, 30

Ardagh, see of, 292-295

Ardee, 222, 240

Ardfert Abbey, 51

Ardfinnan, 47

Ardglass, 212

Ards, in Down, 263, 265, 376;
priory of, 386

Ardscull, 66

Argyle, 67, 134, 272, 273, 280-282, 359

Arklow, 72, 146, 156

Armagh, 237, 263, 403

-- County, 56

-- church, abbacy, and see of, 14, 17, 18, 25, 34, 45, 104, 289,
367, 369, 386;
for Archbishops (called by the Irish Successors of St. Patrick),
_see_ Cellach, O'Toole, Octavian, Kite, Cromer, Dowdall,
Wauchop, Goodacre.

Artane, 165

Aryan race, 11

Ascham, Roger, 337

Aslaby, John, 188

Assaroe, 239

Athassel Abbey, 70, 73, 99, 291, 319

Athboy, 115, 222

Ath-Cliath (the Celtic name for Dublin), 34

Athelstane, 21, 32

Athenry, 69, 78, 122, 228, 300, 321, 410

Athlone, 17, 60, 77, 84, 125, 334, 374, 402, 408

Athole, Earl of, 271

Athy, 54, 88, 130, 167, 200, 328

Audeley, Thomas Lord, Lord Chancellor of England, 178, 179, 196,
197, 253

Aughrim, 228

Augustine, St., Canons Regular of, 99, 314, 317

Augustinian Hermits or Austin Friars, 289, 300, 319, 320, 392

Aylmer, Sir Gerald, Chief Justice of the King's Bench (1535-1559),
215, 223, 233, 237, 303, 378, 384, 385

Aylmer, Richard, of Lyons in Kildare, 223

Bacon, Francis, 105, 111, 116

Bagenal, Sir Nicolas, Marshal of the Army (1546-1553, and
1565-1590), 332, 353, 364, 368, 373

-- Sir Ralph, 357, 361

Baldoyle, 19

Bale, John, Bishop of Ossory (1552-1553), 299, 368, 379, 380-383,
386-390

Balgriffin, 177

Ballibogan, 305

Ballinaclogh, 224

Ballinskelligs, 188

Ballinure, 251

Ballyboy, 402

Ballycastle, in Antrim, 272, 361

Ballydrohid, 317

Ballyhack, 372

Ballymore Eustace, 91, 129, 238, 326

Balrath, 119

Balrothery, 123

Baltimore, 88, 351

Baltinglass, 130, 251

-- Viscount, Sir Thomas Eustace, Baron of Kilcullen, 161, 163, 170,
178, 254, 344

Banagher, 228, 335

Bangor, in Down, 17

Bann River, 266, 351, 398

Bannockburn, 65

Bannow, 42, 372

Barbaro, a Venetian, 350

Barbarossa, 39

Barkley, Lord, 198

Barnesmore Gap, 140, 141

Barnewall, Sir Patrick, 249, 301, 312, 320

Barnewalls, the, 76

Baron, Milo, Bishop of Ossory, (1527-1551), 297, 305

Barretts, the, 71

Barrow River, 113, 130, 167, 264, 329, 340

Barry, David, Archdeacon of Cork, 118

-- Gerald;
_see_ Giraldus.

-- William de, 41

Barrymore, Barons of, and Viscounts from 1405, 76

-- John, Viscount, 76, 118, 191, 242, 268, 332, 333

-- William, Viscount, murdered in 1499, 118

Barry Oge of Kinalea, 242, 268, 329

Barry Roe, 242, 268

Barrys, the, 41, 64, 76, 242, 268. In the 16th century they were all
settled in the County of Cork.

Bartholomew's, St., in London, 291

Basel, 389

Basilia, Strongbow's sister, 50

Basilius, 308

Basnet, Edward, last Dean of St. Patrick's of the old foundation,
358, 368

Bath Abbey, 198

Bathe, James, Chief Baron, 385

Bearhaven, or Berehaven, 351

Beaton, Cardinal, 271, 273, 276, 285

Beaumanoir, 217

Beaumaris, 169

Becket, Thomas, 48, 86

Bective Abbey, 392

Bedell, William, Bishop of Kilmore, 350

Bedford, Jasper, Duke of, Lord-Lieutenant, 100, 102, 111

Belfast, 125, 360, 364, 376-378, 398

Belfast Lough, 143, 281

Belgard, near Dublin, 142

Bellahoe, battle of, 240

Bellingham, Sir Edward, Viceroy (1548-1549), 88, 286;
sent to Ireland with troops, 326;
Lord Deputy, 327;
his ceaseless activity, 328;
his treatment of the disloyal, 329, 330;
he projects the town of Maryborough, 331;
his dealings with Galway, Limerick, and Drogheda, 331;
with Dublin, 332;
he routs the O'Connors, 332;
his dissatisfaction with Desmond, 333;
establishes a garrison at Athlone, 334;
frees the Pale from rebels, 335;
his dealings with the currency, 336;
his impolitic self-assertion, 337;
his treatment of the Irish, 338;
he cannot agree with his council, 338;
his jealousy of the Ormondes, 337, 339;
he seizes Desmond, 339;
he establishes a garrison at Leighlin Bridge, 340;
a Protestant, 341;
well informed, 342;
his dealings with Primate Dowdall in furtherance of the royal
supremacy, 343;
the darling of the Protestant party, 343-344;
recalled, 344;
his death and character, 344-345, 348, 349, 350;
his fort at Athlone, 374

Benbulben, 141

Benedictines, 314

Berehaven, 351

Berengaria, Queen, 58

Berengarius, 33

Bergagni, Francis de, 181

Bermingham, Baron of Athenry, 228

-- John de, Earl of Louth, 67

-- Patrick, Chief Justice of the King's Bench, 150, 155, 199

-- Richard de, 69

-- William, created Baron of Carbury in Kildare, 226, 258, 320

Berminghams, the, 69, 71, 213

Bermingham's Tower, 233

Bernard, St., 15, 314, 315

Berners, William, 208, 230

Berwick, 373

Betagh, Robert, 241

Bicknor, Alexander de, Archbishop of Dublin, 322

Bicton, James, 358

Bigot, Hugh, 63

Birr, 157, 224, 226, 227

Biscayans, 188

Bissett, or Missett family, 71, 271

Blackwater River in Ulster, 237

-- -- -- Munster, 242

Blessington, 326

Blois, 252

Blore Heath, 90

Bobbio, 6

Bodkin, Christopher, Archbishop of Tuam (1537-1562), 228, 292, 294,
305, 334

Body, William, 200, 202, 203

Boleyn family, how related to the Butlers, 126, 142

-- Mary, 149

-- Queen Anne, proposed as a wife for Ormonde, 149, 156, 190, 195,
196, 394, 395

-- Sir Thomas, 125, 126, 149, 156

-- Sir William, 126

Bolger, Barnaby, 389

Bonner, Edmund, Bishop of London, 306, 395, 413

Boulogne, 277, 335

Bourbon, the Constable, 181

Boyle, 125, 317

Boyne River, 85, 213

Boys, James, 175

Brabazon, Sir William, Vice-Treasurer (1534-1553), Lord Justice
(1543, 1545, and 1549), 176-178, 193, 194, 196, 197, 199,
205-207, 209, 213, 218, 232-233, 235-237, 244, 254, 268, 275,
304, 305, 320, 346, 377

Brackland, 206, 213

Braose, William de, 60, 63

Brasier, Richard, first auditor of the Irish Exchequer (1547-1550),
344

Bray Head, 130

Breakspeare, Nicholas;
_see_ Adrian IV.

Brefny, 39;
_see_ O'Rourke and O'Reilly.

Brehons, 3-5, 7, 12, 143, 186, 221, 273, 277, 291

Brereton, Andrew, 353

-- John, 328, 332

-- Sir William, Lord Justice in 1540, 169-171, 173, 174, 243, 244,
247, 352

Brian Borumha, King of Ireland, 22-31, 33

Brictius, 36

Brigid, or Bride, St., 13, 294

Bristol, 147, 170, 359

Bristol Abbey, 198

Brito, 186

Brode, a pirate, 166, 169, 170, 173

Brodir, 26

Broet, Paschal, 308-310

Broke, Roger, 353

Brosna, River, 334

Broughton, Sir Thomas, 105

Browne, George, Archbishop of Dublin (1553-1555), 200, 207, 208;
his tour in the South, 235-237, 255, 299;
his quarrels with Staples and others, 301-305, 311;
his hatred of the Franciscans, 320;
account of him, 322-324, 341;
his conference with Dowdall, 354-357;
his relations with St. Leger, 357-358;
with Croft, 360, 378;
with Dowdall, 367, 379;
with Bale, 379 and 381;
story of him told by Harpsfield, 383

Browne, Mabel, Countess of Kildare, 375

-- Sir Anthony, 216

Bruce, Edward, 66-68

-- Robert, 66-68, 272

Brunanburgh, 21

Brussels, 219, 390

Bryan, Sir Francis, Viceroy, Lord Marshal of Ireland, 337;
married to Lady Ormonde, 337;
disliked by Bellingham, 337;
in practical command of the Butler influence, 339;
Lord Justice after Bellingham's departure, 345;
his death under suspicious circumstances, 346

Bulmer, Sir John, 137, 138

Bunamargy, 300

Bunratty, 77, 300

Burgo, Hubert de, 6, 61

Burgundy, Margaret, Duchess of, 103, 104

Burkes, Bourkes, De Burghs, or De Burgos;
_see_ MacWilliam, MacDavid, MacPhilbin, MacRaymond, MacShoneen,
MacWalter, and FitzAdelm.

-- of Clanricarde, 75, 93, 120-122, 173, 227, 241, 256, 289, 300,
331;
_see_ MacWilliam Uachtar and Clanricarde.

-- or De Burghs, Earls of Clanricarde;
_see_ Clanricarde.

Burke, or De Burgo, Rowland, Bishop of Clonfert, 289, 294, 370

-- of Clanwilliam in Limerick, 227, 409

-- of Mayo;
_see_ MacWilliam Iochtar.

-- -- -- Sir William, 69

-- -- Richard, 61, 74

-- -- -- Earl of Ulster, 27

-- Ulick, of Clanricarde, son of the first earl and captain during
the minority of the second, 333, 374

Burnell, John, 166, 177

Burnet, Bishop, 380

Burntchurch, 155

Bush River, 266, 398

Bute, 411

Butler, Edmund, Archbishop of Cashel (1524-1561), natural son of the
eighth Earl of Ormonde, 183, 241, 255, 261;
account of him, 291;
his oppressive conduct, 296;
state of his monastery, 298;
takes the oath of supremacy, 305;
not a zealous reformer, 343

-- Earls of Ormonde;
_see_ Ormonde.

-- Lady Helen, daughter of the eighth Earl of Ormonde, married to
Donogh O'Brien, second Earl of Thomond, 191

-- Richard, son of the eighth Earl of Ormonde, created Viscount of
Mountgarret;
_see_ Mountgarret.

-- Sir Edmund, first Baron of Dunboyne;
_see_ Dunboyne.

-- Sir Edmund, Viceroy in 1312 and 1314, 66, 70

-- Sir Thomas, first Baron of Cahir;
_see_ Cahir.

-- Thomas, Prior of Kilmainham, 89

-- Thomas, son of the eighth Earl of Ormonde, 160, 225

Butleraboo, the Ormonde war cry, 112

Butlers, the, 64;
origin of name, 72, 93, 125-127;
and _see_ Ormonde, Ossory, Carrick, Mountgarret, Dunboyne, and
Cahir.

Butside, a pirate, 330

Cadamstown, 334, 335

Cade, Jack, 90

Cæsar, 301

Cahir, 182, 227, 258, 317

-- Sir Thomas Butler, first Baron of, 189, 227, 236, 255, 276, 320,
393, 409

Cahirconlish, 409

Calais, 83, 335

Caledon, 154

Callan, 74, 189, 388

Cambridge, 384

Campbell, Lady Agnes, married to James MacDonnell of Cantire and
Antrim, 273, 281

Campbells, the, 280, 282;
_see_ Argyle.

Campeggio, Cardinal, 290

Camus, 182

Candolle, Francis de, 181

Canice's, St., 388, 389;
_see_ Kilkenny.

Cannon, Thomas, 163

Canterbury, its connection with Ireland, 32-36;
the Prior had lands in Ireland, 198, 389

Cantire, 410

Cantoke, name of, 64

Cantuarian succession, 35

Cantwell, William, 284, 285

Canute, 21, 32

Capel, Henry Lord, Lord Lieutenant in 1695, 101

Cappys, or Kate, a merchant, 239

Carbery, in Cork, 36, 124, 191, 218

Carbury, in Kildare, Baron of;
_see_ Bermingham.

Carew, Sir Peter, 390, 391

Carews, the, 41

Carlingford, 241, 398

Carlisle, 289

Carlow, 63, 65, 83, 167, 231, 235, 327, 340, 375, 408

-- Castle, 111

-- County, 158

Carmelites, 114, 300, 319, 320, 340, 368, 380

Carrickbradagh, 237, 247

Carrick, Edmund Butler, Earl of, 72

-- on Suir, 72, 201

Carrickfergus, or Knockfergus, 59, 60, 66, 70, 122, 142, 143, 273,
281, 351, 361, 362, 378, 395, 398, 410, 411

Carrigogunnel, 60, 186, 192, 200, 203

Carrol, Lord of Ossory, 19

Cartier, Jacques, 219

Cartmel, 198

Casey, William, Protestant Bishop of Limerick (1551-1556 and
1571-1591), 354, 392

Cashel, 47;
synod, 48 and 314, 50, 66, 81, 193, 214, 242, 254, 265

-- see of, 16, 291, 367, 369;
_see_ Butler, Archbishop.

Castle Connell, 124

-- Dermot, 54, 84, 120, 155, 156, 167

-- Island, 78

-- Jordan, 177, 251

-- Kevin, 253

-- Martyr, 76

Castleknock, 66

Castlemaine, 124

Castlereagh, 376

Castletown Roche, 76

Cavan, 262

Cavendish, William, 250

Cecil, William, afterwards Lord Burghley, 326

Celestinus, Pope, 366

Cellach, or Celsus, Bishop or Archbishop of Armagh (1106-1129), 34,
35

Cerberus, 303

Challoner, John, Mayor of Dublin in 1556, 397

Chamberlayne, name of, 222

Charlemagne, 172

Charles I., 209, 279

Charles V., Emperor and King of Spain, 7, 136, 172, 173, 175;
negotiates with Desmond, 184-186, 192, 219, 274

Charles VIII., King of France, 110

Chateaubriand, Governor of Brittany, 212

Cheeke, Sir John, 390, 391

Chepstow, 41

Chester, 54, 128, 161, 408, 413

Christ Church, Dublin, 32, 385

Ciaran, St., 13, 296, 374

Cistercians, 16, 99, 267, 293, 314, 317, 318, 392

Citeaux, 315

Clairvaux, 314

Clandeboye (Clan Hugh Boy), 76, 77, 129, 142, 198, 258, 266, 376

Clandonnell, gallowglasses, 140

Clane, 175

Clangibbon, 76

Clanricarde (the south-eastern portion of Galway), 218, 335, 402

-- Earldom of, 71, 271

-- Ulick Burke, or De Burgh, first Earl of, 120, 140, 227, 228, 238,
256-258, 270, 271, 275, 335

-- Richard Burke, or De Burgh, second Earl of, called 'Sassenagh,'
son of the last named, 333, 349, 353, 374

Clanwilliam, the Burke district in Limerick, 227, 409

Clare Castle, 227, 411

-- Richard de;
_see_ Strongbow.

-- a later Richard de, and others, 65, 70

Clare, or Thomond, 124, 172, 203, 204, 219, 271;
_see_ Thomond.

Clarence, Lionel, Duke of, 70, 80, 100, 197

-- George, Duke of, 90, 92

Clement V., Pope, 321

-- VII., Pope, 153, 289, 292

Clifford;
_see_ Rosamond.

Clinton, Lord, 216, 271

Clogher, 154, 405

-- see of, 293

-- Bishop of;
_see_ Courcy.

Clonfert, see of, 289, 370

Clonlisk, 262

Clonmacnoise, church of, 13, 18;
sacked by the troops, 374

-- see of, 292;
its forlorn condition, 295

Clonmel, 73, 105, 127, 133, 189, 193, 204, 236, 237, 242, 305, 321,
346

Clonmore, 254

Clontarf, place and battle, 15, 27-32, 165, 169

-- Viscount;
_see_ Rawson.

Cloyne, Bishop of, in 1367;
_see_ Swaffham.

-- see of, 288

Clyde, the, 281

Clyn, John, the Franciscan annalist of Ireland, 67, 70, 77, 84

Cobham, Lord, 308

Codure, John, 308

Cogan, Milo and Richard de, 45, 46, 56

Cogans, the, 41, 72

Cole, a pirate, 330

-- Dean of St. Paul's, 413

Coleraine, 85, 266

Colley, a pirate, 329

-- Anthony, 195

Colman, St., of Lindisfarne, 15

Columba, or Columkille, St., 6, 12-15, 53, 86

Columbanus, St., 6

Comyn, Nicholas, Bishop of Waterford and Lismore (1519-1551), 305,
306

Conal Abbey, 317

Cong, 58

Connaught, 61, 175, 262, 294, 374

Constantine, forged donation of, 39

Conway, Sir Hugh, 111

Coolock, 123

Coonagh in Limerick, 265, 266

Cooper, Mr., 389

Copeland Islands, 30

Cork, 17, 47, 74, 85, 110, 118, 181, 187, 190, 241, 242, 273, 329,
330, 351, 359, 371

-- County, 278, 359

-- Richard Boyle, Earl of, 286

-- see of, 36, 288, 294

Cormac Cas, 22

Cornelius Agrippa, 216

Corrib, Lough, 296

Cosby, Francis, 328, 329, 332, 340, 408

Courcy, Edmond, Bishop of Clogher (1484-1494), 104, 293

-- John de, 53, 55-59, 64

-- Lord, 106

Courcies, the, 338

Cowley, Robert, Clerk of the Crown (1535), and Master of the Rolls
(1539-1542), an adherent of the house of Ormonde, 145, 152, 208,
236, 284, 285, 293, 299, 319

-- Walter, son of Robert, joint Clerk of the Crown (1535),
Solicitor-General (1529-1546), 208, 245, 284, 285, 340

Coyne, Bishop of Limerick;
_see_ Quin.

Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, 253, 322, 350, 369

Creçy, 83

Croagh Patrick, 305

Croft, Sir James, Viceroy, a Herefordshire man, sent over to fortify
in Munster, 351;
Lord Deputy, 359;
proposes to plant colonies in Munster, 360;
attacks Rathlin unsuccessfully, 360-361;
persuades Tyrone to tolerate a garrison at Armagh, 363;
his doctrinal conference with Dowdall, 365-366;
his ideas about ecclesiastical patronage, 367;
desires a warlike Primate, 368;
has enlightened ideas about the currency, 370-372;
visits Connaught, 374;
gives a lamentable account of Leinster, 375;
makes another unsuccessful raid into Ulster, 377;
recalled, 378;
character of his government, 378-379;
implicated in Wyatt's rebellion, 390-391

Cromer, George, Archbishop of Armagh (1522-1543), Lord Chancellor
(1532-1534), 156, 163, 289, 291, 301, 306

Cromwell, Thomas, created Earl of Essex, 155, 158, 161, 189, 194,
196, 202, 209, 211, 215, 234, 241, 336

-- Oliver, 44, 47, 319, 332

Cromwellians, 381

Cromwellian war, 320

Crook, 47

Croom, 218, 229, 267

Crovan, Godred, King of Man, 33, 46

Cuffe, Captain, 361

Curlew Mountains, 125, 141

Cumbray Islands, 411

Cummian, St., 15

Curraghmore, 75

Curwen, or Curwin, Hugh, Archbishop of Dublin (1555), translated to
Oxford (1567), Lord Chancellor (1555-1567), 394, 401, 405

Cusack, Sir Thomas, Master of the Rolls (1542-1550), Lord Keeper
(1546), Lord Chancellor (1550-1555), 258, 278, 279, 320, 348,
357, 361, 373-379, 384, 385, 393

Dacre of the North, Thomas, and others of his name, 176, 194

Dalcassians, or Dal Cais, 22

Dalgetty, 351

Dalkey, 108, 129, 327, 385

Danes in Ireland, Chapter II. _passim_

-- of Dublin, Cork, Waterford, and Wexford after the Anglo-Norman
invasion, 44-47, 50

Dangan, 206

Daniel, Danyel, or O'Donnell, Terence, Dean of Armagh, 364

Darcy of Platten, called 'Great Darcy,' 104, 108, 121

-- John, 226

Darcies, the, 144

David's, St., 42

Davies, Sir John, Attorney-General (1606-1618), 8-10, 65, 83, 84, 89

Dean, Henry, Bishop of Bangor, and afterwards Archbishop of
Canterbury, Lord Justice in 1495, 111, 113, 115

Dearg, or Derg, Lough, 17

Decies, 76, 186, 236, 412

Delahide, Sir Walter, married to Janet Eustace, 161

-- James, son of Sir Walter, 161, 163, 172, 175, 218, 239, 273, 333

Delvin, granted to the Nugents, 54, 76

-- Richard Nugent, seventh Baron of, Vice-Deputy in 1528, 120, 150,
178, 206;
one of his sons mentioned, 226

-- -- -- eighth Baron of, grandson of the seventh Baron, 255, 334,
393

Denton, James, Dean of Lichfield, a Royal Commissioner in Ireland in
1524, 145

Dermod, King of Leinster;
_see_ MacMurrough.

Dermod Duff, 291

Derry, church and see of, 12, 14, 237, 293

Derrick, or Dethyke, John, 158

Dervorgil, 39

Desmond, Earls of, 7, 65, 72;
their burial place, 300

-- Maurice Fitzgerald, first Earl of, 76, 78

-- James Fitzgerald, seventh Earl of, 90

-- Thomas Fitzgerald, eighth Earl of, executed, 92

-- Maurice Fitzgerald, tenth Earl of, 110, 120, 121, 131

-- James Fitz-John Fitzgerald, eleventh Earl of, his treatment of
the MacCarthies, 133, 144, 147, 148, 151-153;
defeated by the MacCarthies, 180;
intrigues with France, 181;
besieged in Dungarvan, 182;
his partisans in South Wales, his intrigues with Charles V.,
184-188;
calls the emperor his sovereign lord, 185;
his death, 190

-- Thomas Moyle Fitzgerald, twelfth Earl of, 163, 180, 190

-- James Fitz-Maurice Fitzgerald, thirteenth Earl of, 190, 191, 192;
Henry VIII. acknowledges him, 204;
at Court, 241;
returns to Ireland and attempts to seize the estates, 241-242;
murdered, 248

-- John Fitz-Thomas Fitzgerald, sometimes called fourteenth Earl of,
190, 191;
his speech at Adare, 192

-- James Fitz-John Fitzgerald, fifteenth Earl of, 218;
called Earl by Lord L. Grey, 227;
seizes Croom and Adare, 229;
refuses to come to Clonmel, 236;
in alliance with O'Neill and O'Donnell, 237;
expected to attack the Pale, 238;
expected to rebel, 240;
threatens Tipperary, 241;
defies Grey, 242;
pardoned and acknowledged as Earl, 248;
acknowledges the royal supremacy, 255;
a Privy Councillor, 256;
wears English clothes, 257;
attends Parliament, 258;
Commissioner for Munster, 261, 264;
puts down brigandage, 265;
at Court, 267;
represents the Crown, 268;
gives St. Leger a character, 283;
Edward VI. offers to make a companion of his son, 325;
appealed to in a dispute at Cork, 332;
Bellingham suspects his loyalty, 333;
Bellingham carries him off to Dublin, 339;
his love for Bellingham, 340, 346;
to be encouraged, 349;
an umpire between the O'Briens, 393, 407, 409;
his death, 419

Desmond, Gerald Fitzgerald, sixteenth Earl of, to be educated in
England, 255;
Edward VI. proposes to make a companion of him, 325;
Lady Ormonde has designs on his hand, 325;
she marries him, 346, 409, 412

-- Lady, 345;
_see_ Honora MacCarthy.

-- -- Lady Joan Fitzgerald, widow of the ninth Earl of Ormonde, and
of Sir Francis Bryan, first wife of the sixteenth Earl of
Desmond, 346;
_see_ Lady Joan Fitzgerald.

Devonshire, 189

Dexter, name of, 71;
_see_ De Exeter.

Diarmid, sons of, 280;
_see_ Campbell.

Dieppe, 310

Digby, Francis, 336

Dillon, Edward, Dean of Kildare, 293

-- Thomas, Bishop of Kildare (1523-1529), 293

-- Robert, Attorney-General (1535-1553), Justice of the King's Bench
(1554-1559), made Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in 1559,
320, 334

Disert O'Dea, 70

Dominicans, 300, 319

Donat, or Dunan, an Ostman, first Bishop of Dublin, 32, 33

Donegal, 212, 300

-- County, 12, 218, 239;
_see_ Tyrconnel.

Donncadh, or Donough, 31

Donnell, King of Leinster, 21

-- Dhu, Lord of the Isles, 279-281

Donore, 217

Doran, Maurice, Bishop of Leighlin (1523-1525), 146, 293, 298

Dorset, Grey, Marquis of, 142, 202

Dover, 359

Dowdall, Edward, 114

-- George, Archbishop of Armagh (with an interval, 1543-1548) 307,
343;
his conference with St. Leger, 355;
his relations with Browne and other Protestants, 343, 355-359;
his conference with Croft and Staples, 365-367;
leaves Ireland, 367;
restored, 386, 391, 397, 408

Dowling, Thady, Chancellor of Leighlin (1591-1628), author of
'Annals,' _passim_

Down or Downpatrick, church and see of, 53, 293;
cathedral burned by Lord L. Grey, 304, 386

-- County, 66, 199

Doyne, Hugh, 317

Drax monastery, 291

Drogheda, origin of, 73, 92, 108;
Parliament of, 123, 154, 161, 170, 222, 240, 263, 281, 321;
University of, 322, 331;
Parliament of, 335, 371, 386, 397

Dromana, 76, 268

Dromaneen, 242

Dromore, see of, 293

Drumcliff, church of, 12

Dublin, Danish Kingdom of, Chapter II., _passim_

-- called Ath Cliath by the Irish, 34, 59, 73, 81, 108;
the Mayor at Knocktoe, 120;
the O'Byrnes break into the castle, 158;
siege of, 166-168, 170, 187, 198, 223;
the Mayor dubbed knight at Bellahoe, 240, 259, 331, 371, 385

-- church and see of, 32-36, 289, 290;
primacy removed to, 367;
for Archbishops, _see_ Donat, Gillapatrick or Patrick, O'Haingly,
Gregory, O'Toole, Lech, Bicknor, Minot, Talbot, FitzSimons,
Rokeby, Inge, Alen, Browne, and Curwin.

-- Robert de Vere, Marquis of, 85

Dufferin, 364

Duleek, 50

Dumbarton, 281

Dunamase, 77

Dunan;
_see_ Donat.

Dunboyne, Sir Edmund Butler, first Baron of, 258, 277, 329, 393

Dunbrody Abbey, 130, 315

Duncadh, Abbot of Iona, 15

Dundalk, 13, 67, 129, 199, 222, 231, 237, 247, 263, 363, 397, 403

Dundrum, in Down, 127, 232, 353

Dungannon, 63, 119, 120, 127, 243, 264

Dungannon, Matthew O'Neill, or Kelly, first Baron of, 269, 363, 364,
368, 376, 377

Dungarvan, 182, 183, 187, 189, 193, 331, 379, 412

Dunkellin, Barony of, created, 271

Dunlavin, 23

Dunmore, in Kilkenny, 117, 167

-- in Galway, 320

Dunsany, the Plunkets of, 76

-- Edward Plunket, first Baron of, 120

Durrow, 12, 13, 56

Eagle, a pirate, 329

Ebric, a Norman at Clontarf, 27

Echingham, Sir Osborne, Marshal of the army, 268

Edenderry, 135

Edgar, John, 272

Edgcombe, Sir Richard, 106-108

Edinburgh, 247

Edmonds, John, 413

Edward I., 62

-- II., 65

-- IV., 71, 116

-- Prince of Wales, 100

Eglish, 226

Elbric, or Eric, 36

Elizabeth Woodville, Queen, 92

-- of York, Queen, 108

Elphin, see of, 294, 370

Ely O'Carroll, in King's County, 125, 127, 136, 210, 223, 226, 262,
409

Elyans, the, _i.e._ the O'Carrolls, 157

Ely House, Holborn, 285

Emly, church and see of, 18, 255

Empire, the, 47, 86, 187, 192, 349

Empson, Richard, 194

Enaghdune, now Annaghdown, at one time a bishopric, 296, 388

Ennis, 300, 410

Enniscorthy, 408

Eoghanachts, or Eugenians, 22, 31

Erasmus, 366

Erigena, 15, 33

Eugenius III., Pope, his constitution for the Irish Church, 16, 35,
52

Eures, Ralph de, Archbishop of Canterbury, 33, 34

Eustace, Alison, first wife of the eighth Earl of Kildare, 115

-- family of, 53;
_see_ Baltinglass.

-- Janet, sister of the last named, married to Sir Walter Delahide,
164

Eva Mac Murrough, wife of Strongbow, 41, 44

Exeter, de;
_see_ Dexter.

-- Duke of, 316

Fagan, Nicholas, 317

Farney, or Ferney, 133, 222, 240, 245

Farquharson, Bishop of the Isles, 309

Faughard, 67

Fay, Edmond, 334

Faye, Melour, 152

Fercullen, 252

Ferdinand, Emperor, 7

Ferdinand the Catholic, 188

Fergraidh, King of Munster, 22

Fermanagh, 162, 211, 263

Fermoy, 76, 248

Fernandez, Gonzalo, 184-188, 190

Ferns, church and see of, 40, 42, 293, 297, 408

Fethard, in Tipperary, 74, 297

-- in Wexford, 297

Field, James, 166, 167

Fieldston, 249

Finbar, St., 36

Fingal, 17, 29

Finglas, Patrick, Chief Baron of the Exchequer in 1535, 130, 164

Fisher, John, Cardinal and Bishop of Rochester, 322

Fishmoyne, 329

FitzAdelm de Burgo, William, Viceroy in 1177, 47, 51-53, 58

FitzAnthony, 72

-- Margery, ancestress of the Desmonds, 76

FitzEustace, Rowland, Baron of, Portlester, 109

Fitzgerald, Maurice, son of Nesta and ancestor of all the
Fitzgeralds, 41, 65, 71, 76;
_see_ Geraldines.

-- Raymond le Gros;
_see_ Le Gros.

-- John FitzThomas, first Earl of Kildare, 72

-- Maurice FitzThomas, first Earl of Desmond, 72, 78

-- Sir Thomas, brother of the eighth Earl of Kildare, Lord
Chancellor in 1487, 102;
killed at Stoke, 105

-- Thomas, half-brother of the ninth Earl of Kildare, 133, 151, 160

-- Sir James, brother of the ninth Earl of Kildare: Vice Deputy in
1526, 142, 150, 158, 161, 176, 215

-- Oliver, half-brother of the ninth Earl of Kildare, 171, 215

-- Richard, half-brother of the ninth Earl of Kildare, 215

-- Sir John, half-brother of the ninth Earl of Kildare, 156, 171,
215

-- Walter, half-brother of the ninth Earl of Kildare, 215

-- Lady Eleanor, sister of the ninth Earl of Kildare, married first
to Donnell MacCarthy Reagh, and afterwards to Manus O'Donnell,
218, 219, 238, 239, 247, 278

-- Lady Margaret, called 'Magheen,' sister of the ninth Earl of
Kildare, and married to the eighth Earl of Ormonde, 103, 117,
126

-- Lady Alice or Alison, sister of the ninth Earl of Kildare,
married to Con More O'Neill, 118, 119

-- Lady Eustacia, sister of the ninth Earl of Kildare, married to
MacWilliam Burke of Clanricarde, 120

-- Edward, son of the ninth Earl of Kildare, half-brother of the
tenth, and brother of the eleventh, 217

-- Lady Alice, half-sister to the last named, married to James
Fleming, Lord Slane, 152, 153

-- Lady Mary, sister to the last named, married to Brian O'Connor of
Offaly, 215, 217, 218, 219

-- Lady Elizabeth, the 'fair Geraldine,' half-sister to the last
named, married to Sir Anthony Browne, and afterwards to Edward,
Earl of Lincoln, 216, 217, 375

-- Bartholomew, 165

-- James, of Osbertstown, 240, 328

-- Joan, daughter of the White Knight, and mother of James
Fitzmaurice, 190

-- Lady Alice, daughter of the twelfth Earl of Desmond, married to
Connor O'Brien, chief of Thomond, 227

-- Lady Joan, daughter and heiress general of the eleventh Earl of
Desmond, married successively to the ninth Earl of Ormonde, to
Sir Francis Bryan, and to the sixteenth Earl of Desmond, 325,
337, 339, 340, 345, 346

Fitzgerald, Maurice, of Lackagh, 128

-- of Decies, Sir John, Lord of, 182

-- -- Sir Gerald MacShane, Lord of, son of Sir John, 152, 160, 189,
236, 237, 242, 268

-- -- Sir Maurice, Lord of, son of Sir Gerald, 412

-- -- Sir Thomas, brother of Sir John, 182, 183

-- Thomas, Prior of Kilmainham, 316

Fitzgeralds, Earls of Desmond;
_see_ Desmond.

-- Earls of Kildare;
_see_ Kildare.

-- Knight of Kerry;
_see_ Kerry.

-- or Fitzgibbons, White Knights;
_see_ White Knight.

Fitzgibbon, or MacGibbon;
_see_ White Knight.

FitzGilbert;
_see_ Strongbow.

FitzGriffith, Rice, 42

FitzHenry, Robert and Meiler, 41

Fitzmaurice, Lord of Lixnaw in Kerry, 163

-- James, Bishop of Ardfert, 306

Fitzmaurices, the, 56

Fitzpatrick, or MacGillapatrick, chief of Upper Ossory in Queen's
County, 151, 211, 226, 257

-- Dermot, 160

Fitzpatricks, Barons of Upper Ossory;
_see_ Upper Ossory.

FitzSimons, Walter, Archbishop of Dublin (1484-1511), Lord
Chancellor in 1496, 1501, and 1509, 109, 115, 120

-- John, 166

FitzStephen, Robert, 41, 43, 47, 56, 57, 64

FitzThomas, name of, 64

Fitzwalter;
_see_ Butler.

-- Lord;
_see_ Sussex.

Fitzwilliam, Nicholas, 343

-- Sir William, Revenue Commissioner in 1554, afterwards Vice
Treasurer and Lord Deputy, 396

-- Lord, 286

Flanders, 186, 351

Flemings, 27, 54, 76, 163, 186

Florence, 220

Flosi, 29

Folan, John, Bishop of Limerick, 288

Fore;
_see_ Fower.

Formorian race, 67

Fountains Abbey, 315

Fower, or Fore Abbey, 317

Fox, Richard, Bishop of Winchester, 194

Foyle, Lough, 17, 395, 398

France, 186, 274, 347, 349, 351

Francis I., 136, 181, 187, 219

-- St., of Assisi, 212

French, name of, 75

-- the, 27, 89, 127, 181, 273, 276, 333, 340, 345, 347, 351, 352

Furness Abbey, 198, 315

Gaddi, Cardinal, 310

Gaedhill, the, _i.e._ the Irish, 34, 36

Gaill, the, _i.e._ the Scandinavians, and by later usage the
Anglo-Normans and English, 36

Gall, St., 6

Galway, 65, 74;
tribes of, 75, 85, 120, 122, 228;
rectory of, 267, 321, 331, 333, 335, 371, 402, 410

Galway, Bishop of, 388;
_see_ Moore.

-- County, 211

Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of Winchester, 306

Garrett, Walter, 373

Garrold, a form of the name Fitzgerald, 178

Garth, Captain, 160

Gascony, 64

Geashill, 213

Gentiles, Black and White, 18

George, St., 93, 174, 254

Geraldine, 'the Fair;'
_see_ Lady Elizabeth Fitzgerald.

Geraldines, a generic name given to the descendants of Maurice
Fitzgerald, Nesta's son, including all the Fitzgeralds of
Ireland, and sometimes extended to collaterals, 71, and _passim_

Gerbert, Lieutenant, 203

Germain-en-Laye, St., 187

Germans at Stoke, 104-105;
miners, 372

Germany, 119

Gillapatrick, or Patrick, Bishop of Dublin, 33

Gillebert, 15, 35

Giraldus Cambrensis, 41, 55, 57

Glenarm, 361, 398

Glencairne, Lord, 281

Glendalough in Wicklow, ancient see of, 35, 223, 251

Glenmalure, 238

Glennama, 23

Glin, 76

Gloucester, Earl of, 87

Godred;
_see_ Crovan.

Gonzago, Duke of Milan, 219

Goodacre, Hugh, Protestant Archbishop of Armagh in 1553, 369, 379,
380, 386

Gordon, Lady Catherine, wife of Perkin Warbeck, 113

Gordons, the, 282

Gorm;
_see_ Horm.

Gormanston, the Prestons Viscounts of, 76

-- Sir William Preston, second Viscount of, 120, 121

-- Jenico Preston, third Viscount of, 384

Gormflaith;
_see_ Kormlada.

Gort, 410

Governor, Fort;
_see_ Maryborough.

-- Alan, 218

Gowran, 282, 285

Grace, called 'Graceless,' 389

Gracedieu nunnery, 300, 312

Granard, 60

Grandison, Otho de, 74

Grane, 213

Greencastle in Donegal, 395

Greenwich, 269

Gregory the Great, Pope, 34

-- VII., Pope;
_see_ Hildebrand.

-- Archbishop of Dublin, 34

Grey, Marquis of Dorset;
_see_ Dorset.

-- Lord Leonard, son of Thomas, Marquis of Dorset, and
brother-in-law to ninth Earl of Kildare, Lord Deputy, 1536-1540;
complains to Henry VIII., 145;
Marshal of the army, 177, 178, 179;
Kildare his prisoner, 189;
Viscount Grane, 193, 194;
Viceroy, 195;
his harshness to Lady Skeffington, 196;
his Parliament, 196-198;
in want of money, 199;
his campaign in Western Munster, 200-204;
the King reproves him unjustly;
his activity, 206-207;
his enemies, 208;
active against the Irish, 210-211;
goes towards Ulster, 212;
baffled by the O'Connors, 213-214;
seizes the five Geraldine brethren, 215;
his raid in Ulster, 222;
falls out with the Butlers, 223;
his treatment of the O'Mores, 225;
his rash expedition to Connaught, 226-229;
the Council reconcile him with the Butlers, 231;
goes into Ulster, 232, 235;
in Ulster, 237;
in Wicklow, 238, 239;
his victory at Bellahoe, 240, 241;
in Munster, 242;
in Ulster, 243;
recalled, 243;
executed, 245, 247, 248;
confusion after his recall, 243, 251, 275, 286, 336

Grey, Lady Elizabeth, sister of Lord Leonard, second wife of the
ninth Earl of Kildare, 142, 161, 216

-- Lady Jane, 300, 391

-- John de, Bishop of Norwich, 59, 60

Griffin, Maurice, Bishop of Rochester, 395

Griffiths, Edward, 243

Guienne, 40

Gundelfinger, Joachim, 372

Gur, Lough, 200, 204

Gwyn, name of, 188

Halidon Hill, 83

Halpin, or Halfpenny, Robert, 240

Halsey, Thomas, Bishop of Leighlin, 293

Hamerton, Captain, 169

Harding, Stephen, 315

Harman, Gerard, 273

Harold, Bishop of Limerick, 36

Harold Harfager, 19

Hasculph, 45

Hattecliffe, William, 114

Hebrideans, or Redshanks, 271, 272

Hebrides, 32, 67;
West isles, 279;
South isles, 280

Henry, I., 41

-- II., 11, 37, 45, 46, 51

-- III., 62

-- IV., 87

-- V., 86

-- II., King of France, 345, 353, 357

Herbert, Francis, 166-168, 213

Hertford, Edward, Earl of;
_see_ Somerset.

Hervey de Montmorency, 42, 44, 49, 64, 315

Hildebrand, Pope Gregory VII., 33

Hoby, Sir Philip, 330

Holbein, Hans, 217

Holland, Captain, 174, 389

Holy Cross Abbey, 304, 315

Holyhead, 210, 273, 351, 408

Honorius I., Pope, 14

Hooker, John, the chronicler, 47

Horm, or Gorm, 18

Hospitallers;
_see_ St. John.

Howth, 273, 330

-- family (St. Lawrence), 53

-- Nicholas St. Lawrence, sixteenth Baron of, 104, 108, 120, 121

-- Christopher St. Lawrence, seventeenth Baron of, 169

-- Justice, 382, 386;
perhaps the same person as Thomas St. Lawrence, _q.v._

-- Sir Richard, 388

Hrafn the Red, 28

Hubert, 61;
_see_ De Burgo.

Humfrey, James, 302, 303

Huntley, Gordon, Earl of, 280

Hurley, Thomas, Bishop of Emly, 305, 306

Hy Neill, the O'Neills and their correlatives, 33

Iar-Connaught, 75

Ibracken or Ibrickan, in Clare, 271

Iceland, 11

Icelanders, 32

Idrone, 250, 340

Ikerrin in Tipperary, 211

Imaile, 251

Imokilly 76, 242, 248

Inchiquin, Barony of, 270

Inge, Hugh, Bishop of Meath (1512-1521), Archbishop of Dublin
(1521-1528), 150, 290, 291

Ingulf, 32

Innishowen, 211, 274

Innislonagh Abbey, 296, 298, 317

Innocent III., Pope, 59

-- IV., Pope, 62

-- VIII., Pope, 107

Iona, 13, 15, 17, 21, 280

Ireland, Duke of, 85

Irishtown, origin of name, 73

Irrelagh or Muckross, 300

Isla, 273, 411

Isles, Lord of the;
_see_ Donnell Dhu.

Issam, John, 342

Italy, 219, 290

Ivar, 19, 22, 23

Ives, St., 389

James I. of England and VI. of Scotland, 318

James IV. of Scotland, 113

-- V. of Scotland, 247, 271, 309

James's Park, St., 277

Jerpoint Abbey, 99, 300

Jesuits in Ireland, 259, 287;
their first mission, 307-310, 318, 320, 350

Jocelin, 53

John, King, 54, 55, 58, 65, 314, 387

-- XXII., Pope, 68, 70

-- of Salisbury, 37

-- the Mad (by some chroniclers called John 'Wood'), 45, 46

-- St., of Jerusalem, Order of, 254, 314-316

John's, St., at Wexford, 298

Joinville, 95

Joys, Sir James, 388

Julius II., Pope, 188, 292

-- III., Pope, 394

Karl, a Norman, 27

Kate, or Cappys, a merchant, 239

Kaupmannaeyjar, or Copeland Islands, 30

Kavanagh, Cahir MacEncross, the MacMurrough, called the last King of
Leinster, 175, 199, 200, 221;
_see_ MacMurrough.

-- Cahir MacArt, the MacMurrough, created in 1553 Baron of Balian
for life, 210, 231, 258, 298, 327

-- Donnell MacCahir, 250

-- Maurice, Archdeacon of Leighlin, 146, 298

-- Moryt Oge, 327

Kavanagh, origin of the name, 42;
_see_ MacMurrough.

Kavanaghs, the, 86, 87, 167, 210, 221, 231, 235, 250, 375, 397;
_see_ MacMurrough.

Keating, James, Prior of Kilmainham, 108, 316

-- William, Captain of Kerne, 177, 375

Kells, or Kenlis, in Meath, 12, 66, 129

-- in Kilkenny, 319

Kelway, John, 222, 223, 226, 238

Kent, Ormonde in, 391

Kerry, 56, 163, 186, 188

-- Fitzgerald, Knight of, 76

Kerrycurrihy, in Cork, 242, 248

Kerthialfad, 28

Keynsham, 198

Kilbrittain, 218, 242

Kilclogan Priory, Wexford, 298

Kilcooley Abbey, 296

Kilcullen Bridge, 129, 163

-- Lord;
_see_ Baltinglass.

Kildare, 13, 244

-- County, 97, 122, 128, 130, 167, 177, 332;
_see_ Pale.

-- family (Fitzgeralds), 72, 76, 93

-- John Fitzthomas Fitzgerald, first Earl of, 72

-- Thomas Fitzgerald, seventh Earl of, 91, 92, 93, 254

-- Gerald Fitzgerald, eighth Earl of, Deputy, 102, 103, 104, 105,
106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111;
attainted, 112;
Deputy, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125;
his son chosen Lord Justice at his death, 125;
his widow, 128

-- -- -- ninth Earl of, marries Elizabeth Zouche, 120;
present at Knocktoe, 121;
Deputy, 125;
his sister, 126, 127;
superseded, 128, 130, 132, 134, 139, 140;
marries Lady Elizabeth Grey, 142, 143;
Deputy, 144, 145, 146;
goes to England, 147;
in the Tower, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153;
returns to Ireland, 154;
in England again, 155;
Deputy, 156, 157, 158, 159;
forced to go to England, 160;
makes his son Deputy, 161;
in the Tower, 162, 163;
dies in the Tower, 172;
seeks preferment for Dean Dillon, 293, 297

-- Thomas Fitzgerald, tenth Earl of, called 'Silken Thomas,' Deputy,
161, 162;
rebels, 163, 164;
his people murder an Archbishop, 165;
besieges Dublin, 166, 167, 168, 169;
proclaimed traitor, 170, 171;
seeks foreign aid, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176;
surrenders, 177, 178;
in the Tower, 179;
attainted and executed, 180

-- Gerald Fitzgerald, eleventh Earl of, 216, 217;
escapes to France, 218, 219, 220, 230, 231, 237, 240, 242, 243,
245, 247, 248, 273, 278, 333;
his estates restored, 375;
serves against Wyatt, 391;
returns to Ireland, 392, 393, 400, 407

-- see of, 288, 293;
for Bishops, _see_ Lane, Dillon, Wellesley, Lancaster, Leverous.

Kilfenora, see of, 293, 306

Kilkea Castle, 125, 167, 170

Kilkenny, 59, 73;
a mock Parliament there, 78;
Parliament and statute of, 80-83, 93, 97, 105, 111, 155;
Parliament adjourned to, 200, 235, 261, 300, 321, 340, 359,
380-383

-- County, 61, 63, 65, 72, 97, 145, 146, 150, 155, 156, 165, 167,
221, 266, 297, 300, 321, 339

Killaloe, see of, 81, 293

Killarney, 124

Killeen, Plunkets, Barons of, 76, 120, 206

Killeigh friary, 304, 402

Killybegs, 127

Kilmacduagh, 292, 294

Kilmacrenan, 212

Kilmainham, the chief house of the Hospitallers in Ireland, 89, 99,
155, 166, 169, 178;
a viceregal residence, 215, 229, 258;
the church, 301, 341;
the priory restored, 401

Kilmallock, 191, 193, 256

Kilmore, see of, 292

Kinard, 120

Kincora, 25, 334

King, Matthew, 383

Kinnafad, 213

Kinnegad, 251

Kinsale, 74, 106, 181, 242, 329, 335