Jewish Immigration to the United States from 1881 to 1910

Chapter VI: Summary and Conclusions (2)

Text size

-------+---------------------------+------------------------------
| Emigrant aliens | Immigrant aliens
+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------+----------
Year | Total | Jewish |Per cent.| Total | Jewish |Per cent.
|emigrant|emigrant|Jewish of|immigrant|immigrant|Jewish of
| aliens | aliens | total | aliens | aliens | total
-------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------+----------
1908 | 381044 | 7702 | 2.0 | 782870 | 103387 | 13.2
1909 | 225802 | 6105 | 2.7 | 751876 | 57551 | 7.7
1910 | 202436 | 5689 | 2.8 | 1041570 | 84260 | 8.1
1911 | 295666 | 6401 | 2.1 | 878587 | 91223 | 10.4
1912 | 333262 | 7418 | 2.2 | 838172 | 80595 | 9.5
-------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------+----------
Total | 1438210| 33315 | 2.3 | 4293075 | 417016 | 9.7
-------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------+----------

[1] From _Reports of Commissioner-General of Immigration_.

TABLE XLV

EUROPEAN IMMIGRANT ALIENS ADMITTED[1] AND EUROPEAN EMIGRANT ALIENS DEPARTED, 1908, 1909 AND 1910[2]

-----------------+-----------------+-------------------------------
|Immigrant aliens | Emigrant aliens departed
| admitted |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------------
People | |Per cent| |Per cent| Number
| Number |of total| Number |of total| departed
| |admitted| |departed| for every
| | | | |100 admitted
-----------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------------
Jewish | 236100 | 10.2 | 18543 | 2.5 | 8
Croatian and | | | | |
Slovenian | 78658 | 3.4 | 44316 | 5.2 | 56
English | 101611 | 4.4 | 11152 | 1.5 | 11
German | 192644 | 8.3 | 35823 | 5.0 | 19
Greek | 86257 | 3.7 | 21196 | 2.9 | 25
Irish | 93090 | 4.0 | 5728 | .8 | 6
Italian, North | 77661 | 3.3 | 47870 | 6.7 | 62
Italian, South | 457414 | 19.8 | 255188 | 35.7 | 56
Lithuanian | 51129 | 2.2 | 7185 | 1.0 | 14
Magyar | 78910 | 3.4 | 50597 | 7.1 | 64
Polish | 269646 | 11.7 | 82080 | 11.4 | 30
Ruthenian | 55106 | 2.3 | 6681 | .9 | 12
Scandinavian | 113786 | 4.8 | 11193 | 1.5 | 10
Slovak | 70717 | 3.0 | 41383 | 5.8 | 59
-----------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------------
Total[3] |2297338 | | 713356 | | 32
-----------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------------

[1] All peoples with an inward movement of less than 50,000 excluded.

[2] From _Emigration Conditions in Europe_, p. 41.

[3] Total for all races, including Syrians.

TABLE XLVI

JEWISH IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION, RUSSIA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY AND ROUMANIA, 1908 TO 1912[1]

---------+--------------------------------------------+
| Russia |
+-------------+------------+-----------------+
| Immigrant | Emigrant | Number departed |
Year | aliens | aliens | per 100 admitted|
---------+-------------+------------+-----------------+
1908 | 71978 | 5439 | 7 |
1909 | 39150 | 3989 | 10 |
1910 | 59824 | 3295 | 5 |
1911 | 65472 | 3375 | 5 |
1912 | 58389 | 4448 | 7 |
---------+-------------+------------+-----------------+
Total | 294813 | 20546 | 7 |
---------+-------------+------------+-----------------+
---------+--------------------------------------------+
| Austria-Hungary |
+-------------+------------+-----------------+
| Immigrant | Emigrant | Number departed |
Year | aliens | aliens | per 100 admitted|
---------+-------------+------------+-----------------+
1908 | 15293 | 1758 | 11 |
1909 | 8431 | 1398 | 16 |
1910 | 13142 | 1409 | 10 |
1911 | 12785 | 1827 | 14 |
1912 | 10757 | 2121 | 19 |
---------+-------------+------------+-----------------+
Total | 60408 | 8513 | 14 |
---------+-------------+------------+-----------------+
---------+---------------------------------------------
| Roumania
+-------------+------------+-----------------+
| Immigrant | Emigrant | Number departed |
Year | aliens | aliens | per 100 admitted|
---------+-------------+------------+-----------------+
1908 | 4455 | 158 | 3
1909 | 1390 | 87 | 6
1910 | 1701 | 101 | 6
1911 | 2188 | 78 | 3
1912 | 1512 | 122 | 8
---------+-------------+------------+------------------
Total | 11246 | 546 | 5
---------+-------------+------------+------------------

[1] From _Reports of Commissioner-General of Immigration_.

TABLE XLVII

POLISH IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION, RUSSIA AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, 1908 TO 1912[1]

---------+--------------------------------------------+
| Russian Poles |
+-------------+------------+-----------------+
| Immigrant | Emigrant | Number departed |
Year | aliens | aliens | per 100 admitted|
---------+-------------+------------+-----------------+
1908 | 73122 | 18187 | 25 |
1909 | 37770 | 8421 | 22 |
1910 | 63635 | 6705 | 10 |
1911 | 40193 | 12276 | 30 |
1912 | 51244 | 14701 | 28 |
---------+-------------+------------+-----------------+
Total | 265964 | 60290 | 22 |
---------+-------------+------------+-----------------+
---------+--------------------------------------------+
| Austro-Hungarian Poles
+-------------+------------+------------------
| Immigrant | Emigrant | Number departed
Year | aliens | aliens | per 100 admitted
---------+-------------+------------+------------------
1908 | 59719 | 28048 | 47
1909 | 336483 | 10292 | 28
1910 | 60565 | 9609 | 15
1911 | 27515 | 18499 | 67
1912 | 30649 | 22546 | 73
---------+-------------+------------+------------------
Total | 214931 | 88994 | 41
---------+-------------+------------+------------------

[1] From _Reports of Commissioner-General of Immigration_.

TABLE XLVIII

"OLD" AND "NEW" (JEWISH EXCEPTED) AND JEWISH IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION, 1908 TO 1910[1]

---------------------------+-----------+----------+--------------
| Immigrant | Emigrant | Number
Class | aliens | aliens | departed per
| | | 100 admitted
---------------------------+-----------+----------+--------------
Old Immigration | 599732 | 79664 | 13
New immigration (Jewish | | |
excepted) | 1461506 | 615549 | 42
Jewish immigration | 236100 | 18543 | 8
---------------------------+-----------+----------+--------------
Total | 2297338 | 713356 | 32
---------------------------+-----------+----------+--------------

[1] From _Emigration Conditions in Europe_, p. 42.

TABLE XLIX

EUROPEAN IMMIGRANT ALIENS,[1] 1907, AND EUROPEAN EMIGRANT ALIENS, 1908[2]

-----------------+---------------------+----------------------------
| Immigrant aliens | Emigrant aliens, 1908
| 1907 |
+-----------+---------+--------+---------+--------
People | | | | | Number
| Number |Per cent.| Number |Per cent.|departed
| | of total| | of total| per 100
| | | | |admitted
-----------------+-----------+---------+--------+---------+---------
Jewish | 149182 | 12.1 | 7702 | 2.0 | 5
Bulgarian, | 27174 | 2.2 | 5965 | 1.6 | 22
Servian and | | | | |
Montenegrin | | | | |
Croatian and | | | | |
Slovenian | 47826 | 3.9 | 28584 | 7.5 | 60
English | 51126 | 4.1 | 5320 | 1.4 | 10
German | 92936 | 7.5 | 14418 | 3.8 | 15
Greek | 46283 | 3.7 | 6763 | 1.8 | 14
Irish | 38706 | 3.1 | 2441 | .6 | 6
Italian, North | 1564 | 4.2 | 19507 | 5.1 | 37
Italian, South | 242497 | 19.6 | 147828 | 38.8 | 60
Lithuanian | 25884 | 2.1 | 3388 | .9 | 13
Magyar | 60071 | 4.9 | 29276 | 7.7 | 48
Polish | 138033 | 11.2 | 46727 | 12.3 | 33
Scandinavian | 53425 | 4.3 | 5801 | 1.5 | 11
Slovak | 42041 | 3.4 | 23573 | 6.2 | 56
-----------------+-----------+---------+--------+---------+---------
Total | 1237341[3]| | 381044 | | 32
-----------------+-----------+---------+--------+---------+---------

[1] All peoples with an inward movement of less than 25,000 omitted.

[2] From _Emigration Conditions in Europe_, pp. 39-40.

[3] All European immigrants, including Syrians.

TABLE L

TOTAL EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED[1] AND TOTAL OF THOSE ADMITTED DURING THIS PERIOD IN THE UNITED STATES PREVIOUSLY, 1899 TO 1910[2]

--------------------------+----------+-----------------------
| | In United States
| | previously
People | Number |---------+-------------
| admitted | | Per cent of
| | Number | admitted
--------------------------+----------+---------+-------------
Jewish | 1074442 | 22914 | 2.1
Bohemian and Moravian | 100189 | 4066 | 4.1
Croatian and Slovenian | 355542 | 43037 | 12.8
English | 408614 | 103828 | 25.4
Finnish | 151774 | 17189 | 11.3
French | 115783 | 33859 | 29.2
German | 754375 | 86458 | 11.5
Greek | 216962 | 12283 | 5.7
Irish | 439742 | 80636 | 18.3
Italian, North | 372668 | 56738 | 15.2
Italian, South | 1911933 | 262508 | 13.7
Lithuanian | 175258 | 6186 | 3.5
Magyar | 337351 | 39785 | 11.8
Polish | 949064 | 65155 | 6.9
Ruthenian | 147375 | 18492 | 12.5
Scandinavian | 586306 | 86700 | 14.8
Scotch | 136842 | 27684 | 20.2
Slovak | 377527 | 71889 | 19.0
--------------------------+----------+---------+-------------
Total[3] | 9220066 | 1108948 | 12.0
--------------------------+----------+---------+-------------

[1] All peoples with an immigration below 100,000 omitted.

[2] From _Emigration Conditions in Europe_, p. 51.

[3] Includes all European peoples entered and Syrians.

TABLE LI

OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTS, 1899 TO 1910[1]

-------------------+-----------+------------
Group | Number | Per cent
-------------------+-----------+------------
No occupation | 484175 | 45.1
Skilled laborers | 395823 | 36.8
Professional | 7455 | .7
Miscellaneous | 186989 | 17.4
-------------------+-----------+------------
Total | 1074442 | 100.0
-------------------+-----------+------------

[1] From _Reports of Commissioner-General of Immigration_.

TABLE LII

JEWISH IMMIGRANTS REPORTING OCCUPATIONS, 1899 TO 1910[1]

-------------------------+----------+------------
Group | Number | Per cent
-------------------------+----------+------------
Professional | 7455 | 1.3
Skilled laborers | 395823 | 67.1
Laborers | 69444 | 11.8
Merchants and dealers | 31491 | 5.3
Farm laborers | 11460 | 1.9
Farmers | 1008 | .2
Miscellaneous | 8051 | 1.3
-------------------------+----------+------------
Total | 590267 | 100.0
-------------------------+----------+------------

[1] From _Reports of Commissioner-General of Immigration_.

TABLE LIII

JEWISH IMMIGRANTS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS[1]

[1] From _Reports of Commissioner-General of Immigration_.

TABLE LIV

JEWISH IMMIGRANTS REPORTING SKILLED OCCUPATIONS, 1899 TO 1910[1]

A. _Principal skilled occupations_

-----------------------------------+----------+------------
| | Per cent
Occupation | Number | of total
| | skilled
-----------------------------------+----------+------------
Tailors | 145272 | 36.6
Carpenters, joiners, etc.[2] | 40901 | 10.3
Dressmakers and seamstresses[2] | 39482 | 10.0
Shoemakers | 23519 | 5.9
Clerks and accountants | 17066 | 4.3
Painters and glaziers | 16387 | 4.1
Butchers | 11413 | 2.9
Bakers | 10925 | 2.8
Locksmiths | 9385 | 2.4
Blacksmiths | 8517 | 2.2
-----------------------------------+----------+------------
Total | 322867 | 81.5
-----------------------------------+----------+------------

B. _Other skilled occupations_

--------------------------------------------------+-----------+--------
Occupation | Number |
--------------------------------------------------+-----------+--------
Tinners | 6967 |
Watch and clockmakers | 4444 |
Tobacco workers | 4350 |
Hat and capmakers | 4070 |
Barbers and hairdressers | 4054 |
Weavers and spinners | 3971 |
Tanners and curriers | 3715 |
Furriers and fur workers | 3144 |
Bookbinders | 3009 |
Masons | 2507 |
Plumbers | 2455 |
Saddlers and harness makers | 2311 |
Milliners | 2291 |
Metal workers (other than iron, steel and tin) | 2231 |
Machinists | 1907 |
Jewelers | 1837 |
Millers | 1390 |
Mechanics (not specified) | 1203 |
Upholsterers | 1109 |
Photographers | 1013 |
Iron and steel workers | 604 |
Textile workers (not specified) | 436 |
Others | 13938 |
--------------------------------------------------+-----------+--------
Total | 72956 |
+-----------+
Grand total | 395823 |
--------------------------------------------------+-----------+--------

[1] From _Reports of Commissioner-General of Immigration_.

[2] Seamstresses are included with dressmakers; cabinetmakers and
woodworkers (not specified) with carpenters and joiners.

TABLE LV

OCCUPATIONS OF TOTAL EUROPEAN AND JEWISH IMMIGRANTS, 1899 TO 1909, AND PERCENTAGE JEWISH OF TOTAL[1]

--------------------+------------+------------+----------
Group | Total | Jewish |Per cent
| immigrants | immigrants |of total
--------------------+------------+------------+----------
Professional | 803222 | 6836 | 8.5
Skilled laborers | 1247674 | 362936 | 29.1
Farm laborers | 1290295 | 9633 | 0.1
Farmers | 841466 | 908 | 1.1
Common laborers | 2282565 | 66311 | 2.9
Servants | 890093 | 61611 | 6.9
No occupation | 2165287 | 445728 | 20.6
Miscellaneous | 172652 | 36219 | 21.0
--------------------+------------+------------+----------
Total | 8213034 | 990182 | 12.1
--------------------+------------+------------+----------

[1] From _Emigration Conditions in Europe_, p. 27.

TABLE LVI

TOTAL EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS[1] AND IMMIGRANTS WITHOUT OCCUPATION, 1899 TO 1910[2]

--------------------------+-----------+------------------+---------
| Total |Without occupation|Per cent
People |Immigrants | (including women | of
| | and children) | total
--------------------------+-----------+------------------+---------
Jewish | 1074442 | 484175 | 45.1
Bohemian and Moravian | 100189 | 39700 | 39.5
Croatian and Slovenian | 355542 | 37219 | 11.1
English | 408614 | 158616 | 38.8
Finnish | 151774 | 28766 | 18.9
French | 115783 | 45745 | 39.5
German | 745375 | 296082 | 39.7
Greek | 216962 | 19244 | 8.9
Irish | 439724 | 63456 | 14.4
Italian, North | 372668 | 76046 | 20.4
Italian, South | 1911933 | 440274 | 23.0
Lithuanian | 175258 | 33718 | 19.2
Magyar | 338151 | 78875 | 23.3
Polish | 949064 | 200634 | 21.1
Ruthenian | 147375 | 18915 | 12.9
Scandinavian | 586306 | 111212 | 18.9
Scotch | 136842 | 47634 | 34.9
Slovak | 377527 | 87280 | 23.1
--------------------------+-----------+------------------+---------
Total | 9555673[3]| 2506713 | 26.2
--------------------------+-----------+------------------+---------

[1] All races with an immigration below 100,000 omitted.

[2] From _Statistical Review of Immigration_, p. 52.

[3] Total includes all races.

TABLE LVII

OCCUPATIONS OF EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS[1] REPORTING EMPLOYMENT, 1899 TO 1910[2]

----------------+----------+--------------------------------------------
| | Per cent
| +------------+-----------+---------+---------
| | | |Laborers,|
| Number |In | |including|
| reporting|professional|In skilled |farm |Miscell-
People |employment|occupations |occupations|laborers |aneous
----------------+----------+------------+-----------+---------+---------
Jewish | 590267 | 1.3 | 67.1 | 13.7 | 18.0
Bohemian and | | | | |
Moravia | 60489 | 1.3 | 40.8 | 28.5 | 29.4
Bulgarian, | | | | |
Servian and | | | | |
Montenegrin | 90991 | .1 | 3.3 | 92.0 | 4.6
Croatian and | | | | |
Slovenian | 298324 | .1 | 5.0 | 86.4 | 8.5
English | 249908 | 9.0 | 48.7 | 14.1 | 28.1
Finnish | 123008 | .3 | 6.0 | 67.2 | 26.5
French | 70038 | 9.3 | 34.5 | 26.0 | 30.2
German | 458293 | 3.5 | 30.0 | 37.7 | 28.8
Greek | 197718 | .3 | 7.7 | 86.2 | 5.8
Irish | 376268 | 1.3 | 12.6 | 35.2 | 50.9
Italian, North | 296622 | 1.1 | 20.4 | 66.5 | 12.0
Italian, South |1471659 | .4 | 14.6 | 77.0 | 7.9
Lithuanian | 141540 | .1 | 6.7 | 76.1 | 17.2
Magyar | 259276 | .5 | 8.6 | 77.5 | 13.4
Polish | 748430 | .2 | 6.3 | 75.3 | 18.1
Roumanian | 75531 | .2 | 2.7 | 93.8 | 3.3
Russian | 69986 | 1.4 | 9.1 | 82.7 | 6.8
Ruthenian | 128460 | .1 | 2.0 | 80.6 | 17.4
Scandinavian | 475094 | 1.2 | 20.5 | 43.8 | 34.5
Scotch | 89208 | 5.7 | 57.9 | 12.1 | 24.3
Slovak | 290247 | .1 | 4.4 | 80.0 | 15.5
----------------+----------+------------+-----------+---------+---------
Total |7048953[3]| 1.4 | 20.2 | 79.3 | 19.1
----------------+----------+------------+-----------+---------+---------

[1] All races with an immigration below 50,000 omitted.

[2] From _Statistical Review of Immigration_, p. 53.

[3] Total includes all races.

TABLE LVIII

OCCUPATIONS OF SLAVIC AND JEWISH IMMIGRANTS REPORTING EMPLOYMENT, 1899 TO 1910[1]

---------------+-----------+--------------------------------------------
| | Per cent
| +------------+-----------+----------+--------
| | | | Common |
People | | | | laborers |Miscel-
| No. |In |In |(including|laneous
| reporting |professional|skilled | farm |
|occupations|occupations |occupations| laborers)|
---------------+-----------+------------+-----------+----------+--------
Jewish | 590267 | 1.3 | 67.1 | 13.7 | 18.0
Bohemian and | | | | |
Moravian | 60489 | 1.3 | 40.8 | 28.5 | 29.4
Bulgarian, | | | | |
Servian and | | | | |
Montenegrin | 90991 | .1 | 3.3 | 92.0 | 4.6
Croatian and | | | | |
Slovenian | 298324 | .1 | 5.0 | 86.4 | 8.5
Polish | 748430 | .2 | 6.3 | 75.3 | 18.1
Russian | 69986 | 1.4 | 9.1 | 82.7 | 6.8
Ruthenian | 128460 | .1 | 2.0 | 80.6 | 17.4
Slovak | 290247 | .1 | 4.4 | 80.0 | 15.5
---------------+-----------+------------+-----------+----------+--------

[1] From _Statistical Review of Immigration_, p. 53.

TABLE LIX

OCCUPATIONS OF "OLD" AND "NEW" IMMIGRATION (JEWISH EXCEPTED) AND OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION, 1899 TO 1909[1]

------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------
| |"New" immigration| Jewish
|"Old" immigration|(Jewish excepted)| immigration
Occupations +-------+---------+-------+---------+-------+---------
| Number| Per cent| Number| Per cent| Number| Per cent
------------------+-------+---------+-------+---------+-------+---------
Professional | 56406| 2.5 | 17080| .3 | 6836| .7
Skilled laborers | 442754| 19.5 | 441984| 8.9 | 362936| 36.7
Farm laborers | 138598| 6.1 |1142064| 23.1 | 9633| 1.0
Farmers | 40633| 1.8 | 42605| .9 | 908| .1
Common laborers | 402074| 17.7 |1814180| 36.7 | 66311| 6.7
Servants | 424698| 18.7 | 403784| 8.2 | 61611| 6.2
No occupation | 678510| 29.8 |1041049| 21.0 | 445728| 45.0
Miscellaneous | 90109| 4.0 | 46324| .9 | 36219| 3.7
------------------+-------+---------+-------+---------+-------+---------
Total |2273782| 100.0 |4949070| 100.0 | 990182| 100.0
------------------+-------+---------+-------+---------+-------+---------

[1] From _Emigration Conditions in Europe_, p. 29.

TABLE LX

ILLITERACY OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTS, 1899 TO 1910[1]

---------+-----------------+-----------------------+-----------
|Jewish immigrants| Jewish immigrant | Per cent
Year | 14 years of age |illiterates[2] 14 years|illiterate
| and over | of age and over |
---------+-----------------+-----------------------+-----------
1899 | 28428 | 5637 | 19.5
1900 | 47672 | 10607 | 22.2
1901 | 43367 | 10119 | 23.3
1902 | 42376 | 11921 | 28.1
1903 | 57159 | 14980 | 26.2
1904 | 82707 | 18763 | 22.6
1905 | 101357 | 22770 | 22.4
1906 | 110128 | 29444 | 26.7
1907 | 111486 | 31885 | 28.6
1908 | 77374 | 23217 | 30.3
1909 | 42341 | 12201 | 28.8
1910 | 62391 | 17963 | 28.8
---------+-----------------+-----------------------+-----------
Total | 806786 | 209507 | 26.0
---------+-----------------+-----------------------+-----------

[1] From _Reports of Commissioner-General of Immigration_.

[2] Those who could neither read nor write.

TABLE LXI

SEX OF JEWISH IMMIGRANT ILLITERATES, 1908 TO 1912[1]

---------+---------------------+-----------------------------------
| | Jewish immigrant illiterates
| Jewish immigrants | 14 years of age and over
| 14 years of age |-----------------+-----------------
Year | and over | Number | Per cent
|----------+----------+--------+--------+--------+--------
| Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female
---------+----------+----------+--------+--------+--------+--------
1908 | 43270 | 34104 | 9455 | 13762 | 21.9 | 40.4
1909 | 23452 | 18889 | 4832 | 7369 | 20.6 | 39.0
1910 | 35272 | 27120 | 7593 | 10370 | 21.5 | 38.2
1911 | 38018 | 31370 | 6453 | 10304 | 16.9 | 32.8
1912 | 32706 | 27799 | 5637 | 9498 | 17.2 | 34.2
---------+----------+----------+--------+--------+--------+--------
Total | 172718 | 139282 | 33970 | 51303 | 19.7 | 36.8
---------+----------+----------+--------+--------+--------+--------

[1] In order to ascertain the number of males and females, 14 years
of age and over, the number of Jewish immigrants under 14 years
of age were distributed equally between the sexes. Subtracting
these respectively from the number of males and females, we
obtain the above totals. Cf. _Report of New York State
Commission on Immigration_, 1908, p. 171.

TABLE LXII

ILLITERACY OF EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS,[1] 1899 to 1910[2]

------------------------+---------------+---------------------------
| | Immigrant illiterates 14
| Immigrants 14 | years of age and over
People | years of age +-------------+-------------
| and over | Number | Per cent
------------------------+---------------+-------------+-------------
Jewish | 806786 | 209507 | 26.0
Bohemian and Moravian | 79721 | 1322 | 1.7
Croatian and Slovenian | 320977 | 115785 | 36.1
English | 347458 | 3647 | 1.0
Finnish | 137916 | 1745 | 1.3
German | 625793 | 32236 | 5.2
Greek | 208608 | 55089 | 26.4
Irish | 416640 | 10721 | 2.6
Italian, North | 339301 | 38897 | 11.5
Italian, South | 1690376 | 911566 | 53.9
Lithuanian | 161441 | 79001 | 48.9
Magyar | 307082 | 35004 | 11.4
Polish | 861303 | 304675 | 35.4
Ruthenian | 140775 | 75165 | 53.4
Scandinavian | 530634 | 2221 | .4
Scotch | 115788 | 767 | .7
Slovak | 342583 | 82216 | 24.0
------------------------+---------------+-------------+-------------
Total[3] | 8398624 | 2238801 | 26.7
------------------------+---------------+-------------+-------------

[1] All peoples with an immigration below 100,000 excluded, except
the Bohemian and Moravian.

[2] From _Statistical Review of Immigration_, p. 51.

[3] Total for all races.

TABLE LXIII

ILLITERACY OF "OLD" AND "NEW" IMMIGRATION (JEWISH EXCEPTED) AND OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION, 1899 TO 1909[1]

---------------------+-----------------+---------------------------
| | Immigrant illiterates 14
| Immigrants 14 | years of age and over
Classed | years of age +------------+--------------
| and over | Number | Per cent
---------------------+-----------------+------------+--------------
Old immigration | 1983618 | 52833 | 2.7
New immigration | | |
(Jewish excepted) | 4471047 | 1667754 | 37.3
Jewish immigration | 744395 | 191544 | 25.7
---------------------+-----------------+------------+--------------
Total | 7199060 | 1912131 | 26.6
---------------------+-----------------+------------+--------------

[1] From _Emigration Conditions in Europe_, p. 30.

TABLE LXIV

ILLITERACY OF PEOPLES FROM EASTERN EUROPE, 1899 TO 1910[1]

---------------------+-----------------+-------------------------
| Immigrants 14 | Illiterates
People | years of age +------------+------------
| and over | Number | Per cent.
---------------------+-----------------+------------+------------
Jewish | 806786 | 209507 | 26.0
Lithuanian | 161441 | 79001 | 48.9
Polish | 861303 | 304675 | 35.4
Russian | 77479 | 29777 | 38.4
Ruthenian | 140775 | 75165 | 63.4
---------------------+-----------------+------------+------------
[1] From _Statistical Review of Immigration_, p. 51.

TABLE LXV

SEX OF ILLITERATES OF PEOPLES FROM EASTERN EUROPE, 1908[1]

---------------+-----------------------+---------------------
| Number illiterates 14 | Per cent.
| years and over |
Race +-----------+-----------+----------+----------
| Male | Female | Male | Female
---------------+-----------+-----------+----------+----------
Jewish | 9455 | 13762 | 21.9 | 40.4
Lithuanian | 4215 | 2897 | 53.4 | 63.4
Polish | 14573 | 8813 | 36.7 | 42.9
Russian | 5820 | 828 | 40.1 | 50.8
Ruthenian | 4203 | 1836 | 49.6 | 57.4
---------------+-----------+-----------+----------+----------

[1] From _Report of New York State Commission on Immigration_,
1908, p. 171.

TABLE LXVI

DESTINATION OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTS, 1899 TO 1910, BY DIVISION[1]

--------------------------+-------------------+----------
Division | Jewish immigrants | Per cent
--------------------------+-------------------+----------
North Atlantic States | 923549 | 86.0
North Central States | 110998 | 10.3
South Atlantic States | 25149 | 2.3
South Central States | 8324 | .8
Western States | 6384 | .6
--------------------------+-------------------+----------
Total | 1074404[2] | 100.0
--------------------------+-------------------+----------

[1] From _Reports of Commissioner-General of Immigration_.

[2] 27 were destined for Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico, and 11 were
tourists.

TABLE LXVII

DESTINATION OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTS, 1899 to 1910, BY PRINCIPAL STATES

----------------+-------------------+-------------------
State | Jewish immigrants | Per cent of total
----------------+-------------------+-------------------
New York | 690296 | 64.2
Pennsylvania | 108534 | 10.1
Massachusetts | 66023 | 6.1
Illinois | 59931 | 4.7
New Jersey | 31279 | 3.2
Ohio | 20531 | 1.9
Maryland | 18700 | 1.7
Connecticut | 16254 | 1.5
Missouri | 12476 | 1.2
Minnesota | 7029 | .7
Wisconsin | 6369 | .6
Michigan | 5970 | .6
Rhode Island | 5023 | .5
All others | 31989 | 3.0
----------------+-------------------+-------------------
Total | 1074404[1] | 100.0
----------------+-------------------+-------------------

[1] _Cf._ note 2 of table LXVI.

TABLE LXVIII

PERCENTAGE OF JEWISH AND TOTAL IMMIGRANTS DESTINED FOR EACH DIVISION, 1899 TO 1910[1]

-----------------------+------------------+-------------------
Division | Per cent of | Per cent of
| total immigrants | Jewish immigrants
-----------------------+------------------+-------------------
South Atlantic States | 67.5 | 86.0
North Central States | 22.4 | 10.3
South Atlantic States | 2.7 | 2.3
South Central States | 1.8 | .8
Western | 5.6 | .6
-----------------------+------------------+-------------------
Total | 100.0 | 100.0
-----------------------+------------------+-------------------

[1] From _Reports of Commissioner-General of Immigration_.

TABLE LXIX

PARTICIPATION OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTS IN DESTINATION OF TOTAL IMMIGRANTS, 1899 TO 1910, BY DIVISION

-----------------+--------------+-------------+-----------------
Division | Total | Jewish | Per cent
| immigrants | immigrants | Jewish of total
-----------------+--------------+-------------+-----------------
North Atlantic | 6368243 | 923549 | 14.5
North Central | 2116327 | 110998 | 5.2
South Atlantic | 254936 | 25149 | 9.9
South Central | 167437 | 8324 | 5.0
Western | 532824 | 6384 | 1.2
-----------------+--------------+-------------+-----------------
Total | 9439757 | 1074404[2] | 11.4
-----------------+--------------+-------------+-----------------

[1] From _Reports of Commissioner-General of Immigration_.

[2] _Cf._ note 2 of table LXVI.

APPENDICES

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Jewish Immigration to the United States from 1881 to 1910Chapter VI: Summary and Conclusions (2)

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