Chapter VIII: Part 8

728. _laisere_, leisure.

731. _diuerss wais sere_, divers several ways.

733. _bur_, bore.

735. _cher_, car.

740. _dout_, to fear.

745. _but were_, without doubt. This expression often occurs.

P. 23, l. 751. _few menye_, small company; an oddly sounding expression to modern ears.

753. _cold_, called.

754. _hot_, hight, was named.

755. _but in his cumpany_, unless he had with him.

757. _He saith_; the speaker is the captain of the hundred knights, called in l. 806 _Maleginis_.

768. _als fell_, just as many.

777. _hard_, heard.

781. _clepit_, called.

P. 24, l. 793, _as he wel couth_, as he well knew how.

796. _sen_, seen.

800. _sen_, since.

806. _was hot_, was hight, was named.

809. _In myde the borde and festinit in the stell_, In the midst they encounter, and fastened in the steel. See l. 850.

812. _Rout_, company.

815. _ferde_, fourth.

817. _sauch thar latter batell steir_, saw their last division stir.

P. 25, l. 820. _gane his mortall fell._ A word seems here omitted; if after _mortall_ we insert _strokis_, the sense will be, “His enemies began his mortall strokes to feel.”

825. _worth_, worthy. It would improve the metre to read _worthy_ (l. 875).

828. _In to were_, in war, in the strife.

829. _hyme bure_, bore himself.

839. _to-for_, heretofore.

841. _Atour_, i.e. _at over_, across.

842. _assall_, assault. The rime shews we should read _assaill_, as in l. 855.

849. _socht atour_, made their way across. The use of _seke_ in Early English is curious.

P. 26, l. 861. _setith his payn vpone_, devotes his endeavours to.

868. _al to-kerwith_, wholly cutteth in pieces.

880. _dirk_, dark.

883. _tan and slan_, taken and slain.

P. 27, l. 895. It frequently occurs in the MS. that a space is left at the beginning of a line, and the first letter of the line is omitted. It is evident that the intention was that the first letter should be illuminated, and that this, after all, was not done. Here, for instance, the T is omitted, as indicated by the square brackets. So also in l. 1083, etc.

897. _pasing home_, go home.

899. _was vent_, had gone.

905. _dulay_, delay. So also _duclar_ for _declare_.

907. _comyne_, came.

908. _ill paid_, displeased.

909. _homly_, humbly. Stevenson reads _hourly_, but this is wrong; see l. 914.

911. _carful_, full of care, unhappy.

912. _withouten were_, without doubt.

914. _lawly_, lowly.

918. _wight_, with (unusual, and perhaps wrong).

P. 28, l. 924. _leife_, live.

929. _eft_, after.

933. _thar longith_, there belongeth.

943. _I was for til excuss_, I had some excuse.

944. “Because I did behove (to do it), out of very need.”

946. _lefe it but_, leave it without.

953. _ma_, make.

954. _ga_, go.

955. _of new_, anew.

958. _But if that deth or other lat certan_, “Except it be owing to death or other sure hindrance.”

P. 29, l. 960. _be hold_, be held. MS. _behold_. Stevenson suggested the alteration, which is certainly correct.

961. _withthy_, on the condition that.

965. _promyt_, promise; _als fast as_, as soon as.

973. _ferd_, fourth.

982. “Where we shall decide the end of this war.”

P. 30, l. 997. _cag_, cage, prison.

999. _amen_, pleasant.

1000. _vodis_, woods.

1004. _lust_, pleasure (Ch.). But the line is obscure; unless we read “_diuersitee_.”

1009. “His spirit started (owing to the) love (which) anon hath caught him,” etc.

1012. _at_, that.

1014. “(As to) whom they know not at all.”

1019. _sen at_, since that.

1022. _the dewod_, devoid thee.

1024. _and_, if.

1026. _be ony mayne_, by any mean.

P. 31, l. 1027. _y red_, I advise.

1035. _To warnnyng_, to warn.

1040. _our the furdis_, over the fords.

1044. _oyer._ So in MS.; the _y_ representing the old _th_ (_þ_); other.

1046. _hufyng_, halting.

1050. _worschip_, honour. “It were more expedient to maintain your honour.”

1058. _wonk_, winked.

1062. _vare_, aware.

P. 32, l. 1064. The meaning of “ferst-conquest” is “first-conquered” (_conquest_ being Old Fr. for conquered). It is explained in l. 1547 as having been a title given to the king whom Galiot first subdued.

1067. _ferss_, fierce.

1070. _suppos_, although.

1073. _he_; viz. the shrew.

1077. The MS. has “ſched.”

1080. _ymen_, I mean.

1095. _tais_, takes.

P. 33, l. 1109. _Galyot_ put for _Galiotes_, the genitive case-ending being often omitted, after a proper name especially.

1110. _prewit_, proved, tried.

1129. _traist_, trust.

1131. _that euery thing hath cure_, that (of) everything hath care.

P. 34, l. 1135. “Aye from the time that the sun began to light the world’s face, until he was gone.”

1137. _o forss_, perforce.

1141. _taiis_, takes.

1142. _hecht_, promised.

1151. _failȝeis_, fail.

1154. _fet_, fetched.

1156. _stant_, standeth.

1162. _resput_, respite.

1166. _very knychtis passing_, weary knights go.

P. 35, l. 1170. _till spere_, to inquire.

1177. _ne wor his worschip_, had it not been for his valour.

1187. _qwheyar_, whether. 1191-4. “And fond,” etc. These four lines are now for the first time printed. They were omitted by Stevenson, evidently by accident.

1196. _Per dee._ Fr. _par Dieu_: an oath common in old ballads, generally in the form _pardy_.

1197. _vsyt_, used.

1198. “I advise that we go unto his arms” (armour).

1203. _haill_, whole.

P. 36, l. 1207. _abwsyt_, abused, i.e. made an ill use of.

1208. _vsyt_, used.

1209. _suppos the best that lewis_, even though (it were) the best that lives.

1217. _on slep_, asleep. The prefix _a-_ in English is due to the Saxon _on_.

1221. _al to-hurt_, etc. See note in Glossary on the word _To-kerwith_.

1225. _sauch_, saw; _rewit_, rued, pitied.

1233. _one syd a lyt_, a little on one side.

1236. _our mekill_, over much.

P. 37, l. 1240. _yarof_, thereof.

1241. _ruput_, repute, think.

1242. _ablare_, abler, readier.

1253. Insert a comma after _thret_, and destroy that after _lowe_. The meaning perhaps is, “But what if he be appealed to and threatened, and (meanwhile) his heart be elsewhere set to love.” Observe that _and_ is often the third or fourth word in the sentence it should begin. See l. 2833.

1258. _ȝhe tyne yowr low_, you lose your love.

1260. _conclusit_, ended.

1265. _mokil_, much.

1268. _of new_, anew, again.

1273. _pan_, pain.

NOTES TO BOOK II.

P. 38, l. 1279. _thocht_, anxiety.

1284. _apperans_, i.e. vision, as in l. 364.

1295. _aqwynt_, acquainted; Burns uses _acquent_.

1297. _com_, coming.

P. 39, l. 1316. “So far out of the way you go in your course.” Compare l. 1797.

1317. “Thy ship, that goeth upon the stormy surge, nigh of thy revels (i.e. because of thy revels) in the gulf it falls, where it is almost drowned in the peril.”

1321. “In the wretched dance of wickedness.” See the curious uses of the word “daunce” in Chaucer.

1323. _the son_, thee soon.

1330. _powert_, poverty; _as the-selwyne wat_, as thyself knows.

1334. _in to spousag_, in wedlock.

P. 40, l. 1343. The word _diuerss_ is required to complete the line; cf. l. 731.

1352. _suppriss_, oppression.

1354. _wedwis_, widows.

1367. _that ilke_, that same.

1369. _sufferith_, makest to suffer.

P. 41, l. 1379. Eccles. iv. 9, 10.

1387. _yow mone_, thou must.

1392. _her-efter leif_, hereafter live.

1401. A comma is scarcely needed after “_sapiens_.” It means “The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom.” Prov. ix. 10.

P. 42, l. 1409. _to ryng wnder his pess_, to reign under His peace, by His permission. Roquefort gives _pais_, licence, permission.

1420. _arour_, error.

1427. _leful_, lawful.

P. 43, l. 1447. Ban, king of Albanak, was Lancelot’s father. See l. 202, 1450.

1474. The MS. has “aſſit.”

P. 44, l. 1491. _tak the bak apone themself_, turn their backs.

1500. _yewyne_, given.

1504. _till_, to; redundant.

1506. _stand aw_, stand in awe. So also in l. 2684. The same expression occurs in _The Bruce_, iii. 62, ed. Pinkerton, p. 42, ed. Jamieson; and also in _Havelok_, l. 277, where the word _in_, supplied from conjecture, should be struck out.

P. 45, l. 1537. _throw his peple_, by his people.

1541. _Thus falith not_, etc., “Except wise conduct falleth to a king.”

1546. It may be right to retain the spelling of the MS.--“kinghe;” for, though strange and unusual, it occurs again in l. 2527.

P. 46, l. 1556. _wende_, weened.

1560. _in to his contrare_, against him.

1568. _trewis_, truce.

1575. _his powar_, his chief army.

1576. _by the yhere_, by the ear, privately.

1579. _cold_, called; as in l. 753.

P. 47, l. 1597. _home fair_, go home.

1608. _And_; redundant in modern English. For many of the precepts given by Amytans the author must have been indebted to Gower, or, at any rate, to the author of the _Secreta Secretorum_. See Gower; Conf. Amantis; ed. Pauli, lib. vii; vol. 3, pp. 152-159. And cf. Tyrwhitt’s note to the Canterbury Tales, l. 16915; and Warton’s Hist. Eng. Poetry.

P. 48, l. 1628. _lest_, least; _low_, law. It requires care to distinguish the two meanings of _low_, viz. _love_ and _law_.

1633. _Iug_, judge.

P. 49, l. 1660. _sar_, sorely.

1666. A line omitted. The inserted line is purely conjectural.

P. 50, l. 1704. _pupelle_, people.

1708. _Inwyus_, envious.

1716. _longith_, belongeth.

1717. _the lykith_, it likes thee, thou art pleased.

P. 51, l. 1724. _betak til hyme_, confer upon him.

1730. _essy_, easy.

1736. _for the nonis_, for the occasion. See White’s Ormulum.

1739. _vn to the vorthi pur yow if_, unto the worthy poor thou give.

1742. _set nocht of gret substans_, though not of great value.

1754. _alowit_, approved of.

P. 52, l. 1761. _tynith_, loseth.

1763. _atonis_, at once.

1771. _resawe_, receive.

1773. _with two_, also.

P. 53, l. 1791. _well less, al-out_, much less, altogether. The punctuation hereabouts in Stevenson’s edition is very wild.

1795. _wys_, vice; _the wrechitness_, thy miserliness.

1797. _pass the courss_, go thy way.

1808. _vrech_, wretch; but here used instead of _miser_.

1812. _viss_, vice.

1814. _ben y-knawith_, are known (to be) (?).

1815. _dant_, daunt.

1822. _the ton_, the one.

P. 54, l. 1832. _beis var_, beware.

1834. _colde_, cool.

1852. _onys_, once.

1855. _whar-throw_, through which, whereby.

P. 55, l. 1864, _awn_, own. The metre requires the more usual form _awin_.

1879. _dispolȝeith_, despoileth.

1881. _For-quhi_, wherefore. In this line the MS. has “scrikth.”

P. 56, l. 1899. _most nedis_, must needs. _Ye_ = _the_; i.e. The one, He.

1909. _Mot_, might.

1917. _in_ should be _into_, as elsewhere.

P. 57, l. 1940. _havith_, hath.

1950. _hot_, hight, is called.

P. 58, l. 1966. _wnepwnist_, unpunished.

1990. _omend_, amend; _spill_, destroy.

P. 59, l. 2011. _ayre_, are.

2012. _duclar_, declare; so also _dulay_ for delay.

2017. _the god werray_, the Very God.

P. 60, l. 2036. _For-quhi_, wherefore.

2040. _mad_, made.

2041. _clergy_, science.

2062. _be the mycht dewyne_, by the might divine.

P. 61, l. 2069. _far_, fare.

2079. _helyth frome the ground_, heals from the bottom; i.e. effectually.

2100. _not sessith_, who ceaseth not.

P. 62, l. 2107. _Ne war_, were it not for; _hartly_, hearty; it occurs again four lines below.

2135. _yneuch_, enough. He means he will ask but one question more.

P. 63, l. 2148. _To passing home_, to go home.

2162. _the _xxiiij_ day_. The first _i_ in the MS. is like a “v” smudged over; we should read “xxiiij,” as in l. 2155. The contraction is to be read _four and twentieth_, not _twenty-fourth_; so also in l. 610.

P. 64, l. 2190. _hal dure_, hall door.

2192. _o iorne most for to comend_, a journey most to be commended.

2194. _lowith_, love.

P. 65, l. 2212. _the fewar eschef thay_, the less they achieve.

2229. “For no adventure will prove so great, that ye shall not achieve it.”

2241. _whill_, until.

P. 66, l. 2247. _galot_; so in MS.

2265. _grant mercy_, great thanks; Fr. _grand merci_.

2267. _quhy_, because.

P. 67, l. 2279. _thithingis_, tidings; probably an error of the scribe for _tithingis_. Stevenson has _chichingis_!

2284. _al-out_, altogether.

2304. _oft syss_, oft-times. See Glossary (_Syss_).

2306. _dante_, dainty.

2310. _tithandis_, tidings; compare l. 2279.

P. 68, l. 2323. _aw_, owe.

2328. _fantessy_, fancy, notion.

2334. _for no why_, for no reason.

2337. _mon I fair_, must I go.

2338. _our son It waire_, over soon it were.

2342. _For-quhy_, because.

P. 69, l. 2352. _nor_ has the force of _but_.

2366. _be ony men_, by any means.

2368. _on of tho_, one of them.

2375. _chen of low_, chain of love.

2376. _and if ȝhe may deren_, an if you may declare.

P. 70, l. 2409. _hartly raquer_, heartily require.

2416. _gar ordan_, cause to be provided.

P. 71, l. 2428. _prewaly disspone_, privily dispose.

2436. _ellis-quhat_; I suppose this means, “he was on fire _elsewhere_.”

2448. _hamlynes_, homeliness.

2452. _fest throw al the ȝher eliche_, feast through all the year alike.

P. 72, l. 2469. _commend_, commended.

2470. _he drywith_, he driveth, pursueth. The reading is not _drawith_, as in Stevenson.

NOTES TO BOOK III.

P. 73, l. 2471. This line is too long, and the sense imperfect; but there is no doubt about the reading of the MS.

2474. _Awodith_, expels.

2475. _doune valis_, falls down; for it is evident that _valis_ is an error for _falis_, the mistake having arisen from confusion with the succeeding line.

2480. _cled_, clad.

2487. _bygown_, begun. In the next line Stevenson has _sown_; but the true reading is _Rown_, run; as in l. 2820.

2492. _barnag_, baronage, nobility.

P. 74, l. 2522. _but dulay_, without delay; _the_, they.

2524. _thar com_, their coming.

2530. _in the dogre_, in its (due) degree.

P. 75, l. 2545. _Or that_, ere that.

2552. _he and hate_, high and hot.

2558. _the can_, they began.

P. 76, l. 2574. _hyme mak_, prepare himself; or perhaps simply, make (for the field), go.

2582. _helmys last_; _last_ clearly means _laced_; see l. 2250.

2594. _Ȝhit_, although.

2599. _dout_, fear.

2600. _is assemblit_, made an attack. The peculiar use of _assemble_ must always be borne in mind.

2601. _erd_, earth.

P. 77, l. 2612. _found till gwyans_, go to Gwyans.

2614. _til esquyris thei sewyt_, after Esquyris they followed.

2619. _one to the melle socht_, made their way to the mêlée.

2627. _don bore_, borne down.

2630. Fifty thousand. It would appear that Galiot had 40,000, of whom 10,000 were held _in reserve_; so that in l. 2632 only 30,000 are mentioned. See l. 2569, 2647.

P. 78, l. 2646. _ten_, sorrow, vexation.

2656. _resauf_, receive.

2663. _at thar come_, at their coming; _led_, put down.

2670. _biding one the bent_, abide on the grassy plain.

P. 79, l. 2679. “That, despite their efforts, they must needs retire.”

2684. _stud aw_, stood in awe; see note to l. 1506. 2693, 4. These lines do not rime. But we should certainly read _felde_, _erde_ having slipped in from confusion with l. 2691. The knight of Galloway goes _to the field_, i.e. joins battle.

P. 80, l. 2712. _On ayar half_, on either side. The MS. omits _to_.

2713. _of_, off.

2714. _noiss_, nose.

2731. _Bot nocht forthi_, But not on that account.

P. 81, l. 2754. _harmys_, loss.

2761. _aucht to ses_, ought to cease.

2765. _at_, that.

2768. _my lef_, my leave, permission.

2770. _in to cage_, in prison.

P. 82, l. 2802. _commandit_, commended.

P. 83, l. 2819. _one athir half_, on either side.

2820. _rown_, run.

2821. _howyns_; an ungrammatical form; perhaps _howyng_ is meant.

2827. _one hycht_, on height; i.e. aloud.

2829. _sterith_, stirreth.

2833. “The lady of Melyhalt made (her way) to him, and immediately caused his couch to be placed before a window.” Mr Stevenson reads,

“Of Melyhalt the lady to hyme maid
Incontinent his couche, and gart he[N1] had,” etc.

i.e. “The lady immediately made his bed for him,” etc.

2841. _wencust_, vanquished. After this word we should perhaps insert “at,” as in l. 3336.

[Footnote N1: But the MS. has “be;” also “melyhat” instead of
“Melyhalt.”]

P. 84, ll. 2877-2880. These lines were printed by me for the first time, four lines having been here again omitted by Mr Stevenson.

2880. _but weyne_, without doubt.

2884. _to led and stere_, to lead and direct.

P. 85, l. 2893. _Endlong_, along.

2894. _weryne_, were.

2913. _let_, hinder.

P. 86, l. 2925. _dulay_, delay; as in several other places.

2938. _fek_, effect.

2944. _ȝude_, went.

2947. _fair_, welfare.

P. 87, l. 2964. _Whill_, until.

2970. _ho_, stop, pause.

2971. _veryng In affray_, were in terror.

2972. _rovm_, room.

2978. _socht_, made his way.

2984. _disponit_, intends; but we must insert “not,” to complete the sense and the metre.

P. 88, l. 2998. _eschevit_ (used passively), is achieved.

3003. _o knycht_, a single knight.

3005. _tais_, takes.

3006. _fays_, foes.

3013. _onys or the nycht_, once ere the night.

3015. _that ȝhe have gilt to mend_, to amend that in which ye have trespassed.

P. 89, l. 3052. _Do at I may_, Do that which I can.

P. 90, l. 3065. This line is printed by Mr Stevenson,

“Curag can [ ] encresing in[N2] his hart”;

but it is not clear that a word is wanting, for the metre is as complete as in many other lines; whilst, as regards the sense, “the knycht” is probably a nominative without a verb, and l. 3065 means, “Courage did increase in his heart.” Or the reader may, if he pleases, insert “fele.” Compare l. 3058.

3066. _lap_, leaped.

3079. Observe the omission of the word “neither” in this line.

3080. _persit_, pierced.

3086. _onan_, anon. A.S. _on-án_.

[Footnote N2: MS. has “to.”]

P. 91, l. 3093. _In samyne will_, with like intent.

3100. _bet axampil_, better example.

3104. _bot_, unless; _me fall_, befall me.

3108. _one vthir_, another.

3120. _send_, sent.

3121. _lewit one_, left one.

3122. _but mercy_, without mercy.

P. 92, l. 3134. _deliuer besynes_, clever readiness.

3136. _aray_, livery.

3140. _Ee_, eye.

3146. _the morow new_, the early morning.

3160. _deith_, dead.

3162. _Suppos_, although.

P. 93, l. 3178. _Nor_; we now use _but_.

3184. _ward_; see Glossary. _tho_, then.

P. 94, l. 3200. _relewit_, relieved.

3201. _diuerss placis sere_; as _sere_ = _diuerss_, one of these words is redundant. So in l. 3266.

3207. _ewil awysit_, ill advised.

3217. “And if it so happen, that they be discomfited.”

P. 95, l. 3240. _leuch_, laughed; _sarues_, service.

3246. _al haill_, all whole.

3248. _x thousand mo_, ten thousand, and more.

3259. _abaid_, delay.

3263. _aucht_, eight.

3265. _petws for til her_, piteous to hear.

P. 96, l. 3297. _dreuch_, drew.

3299. _fellit_, fallen.

3304. _levyng_, leave.

P. 97, l. 3307. _sest_, ceased.

3321. _askit at_, asked of.

3331. _Wencussith_, vanquisheth.

3340. _in to one_, continually; which is sometimes the sense of A.S. _on-án_.

P. 98, l. 3353. _to fillyng_, to fulfil.

3357. _soght_, came on; see Glossary.

3359. _Ne war_, etc., “Had it not been that they were, individually, the better men.”

3364. _ralef_, relieve.

3368. _fellith_, feeleth.

P. 99, l. 3384. _virslyng_, wrestling, _i.e._ entangled with; a strong expression!

3385. _assalȝeing_, assail.

3390. _rowmyth_, roometh, emptieth.

3403. _departit_, parted.

3404. _dout_, fear.

P. 100, l. 3412. _left_, failed.

3423. _The lord_, i.e. Galiot, as I suppose; Mr Stevenson has, “The Lord.”

3430. _stere_, to stir, move, come.

P. 101, l. 3450. _pretendit_, endeavour.

3457. _occupye_, employ.

3461. _For one hour_, etc., “On account of suffering distress for one hour.”

3470. _the well less_, much less; see l. 1791.

3471. _berd_, beard.

3473. _o woyss_, one voice.

3475. _eschef frome yhow_, not, _win_ from you; but, _withdraw_ himself from you. See Glossary.

P. 102, l. 3481. _wend thai var no mo_, thought they were no more.

3487. _And sich enconter_, and such encounter. These three words are written at the bottom of the page as a catchword. The rest of the MS. is wanting.

GLOSSARIAL INDEX.

[As many of the words occurring in “Lancelot” are well explained either in Jamieson’s Scottish Dictionary or in Roquefort’s “Glossaire de la langue Romane,” I have frequently referred to these works by means of the letters J. and R. Other abbreviations, as O.N. for Old Norse; Goth. for Mœso-Gothic; Su.-G. for Suio-Gothic, etc., will be readily understood. Ch. has also been used as an abbreviation for Chaucer. The various French, Danish, German, and other words referred to in the Glossary are merely added by way of illustration, to indicate in what direction a word may be most easily traced up. To ensure accuracy as far as possible, I have verified every foreign word by the aid of dictionaries, referring for Gothic words to my own Glossary, edited for the Philological Society; for Suio-Gothic words, to Ihre’s Glossarium; for Icelandic words, to Egilsson; and for Old French words, to Roquefort and Burguy. Whatever errors occur below may thus, I hope, be readily traced.]

{ Abaid, Abyde, } delay, tarrying, 1882, 2147, 3069, 3308.
A.S. _abídan_, J.
{ Abasit, Abasyt, Abaysit, } abashed, humbled, dispirited,
cast down, 378, 1452, 2664.
Abasit of, dispirited by, 3301.
R. _abaiser_.
Abasit of (used passively), were dispirited by, 2243.
Abraid, awoke, 1231;
(Ch.) A.S. _on-bredan_.
Abwsyt (abused), made an ill use of, 1207.
Access, a fever; or better, a fit of the ague; Lat. _accessus
febris_, (Wright’s Glossary), 31.
Accorde, to agree with, 1526.
Fr. _s’accorder_.
Accordith, is suitable for, becomes, 1679, 1951;
agree therewith, 605;
is useful for, is fit for, 1204.
According for, suitable for, 1512.
R. _accordant_.
Adred, terrified, 378, 2664.
A.S. _on-drǽdan_, to dread.
Affek, effect, 382.
Cf. _Fek_.
Afferd, afraid, 3472.
A.S. _afered_, _afǽran_.
Affere, warlike preparation, 985;
aspect, bearing, 3043, 3334, 3394.
See J., who makes it of Teutonic origin; but it may be no more than
the O.Fr. _afeire, afaire_ = state, condition; as explained by
Burguy.
Afferith, belongs to, suits, 1550.
Afferis, is suitable, 1690, 1961.
R. _aferer_.
Affrait, terrified, from the verb _Affray_ (Ch.), 2462, 3469.
R. _effraer_.
Affray, terror, fright, 636, 3454.
Fr. _effroi_.
Affy in till, trust to, rely upon, 499, 1394.
R. _affier_.
Afyre, on fire, 30, 251;
hence, used allegorically, in love, 2436.
{ Agrewit, Aggrewit, } aggrieved, vexed, 1308, 1538;
angry, enraged, 2618.
R. _agrever_.
Ago, gone, 159.
A.S. _of-gán_.
Aire, are, 1732.
Algait, Algat, always, 1996, 1792.
Gothic _gatwô_, a street, way.
Al magre thine, in spite of thee, 115.
An expression compounded of A.S. _al_, wholly; _maugre_ (Fr. _mal
grè_), ill-will, and _thine_ (A.S. _thín_, the gen. case of _thú_,
thou).
Al-out, altogether, 1676, 1791, etc.
Alowit, approved, 1754.
Fr. _allouer_.
Als, (1) as; (2) also.
{ Amen, Ameyne, } pleasant, 64, 999.
Lat. _amœnus_.
Anarmyt, fully armed, 545, 620, 2219, 2771.
See _Enarmyt_.
And, if, 1024, 1591;
and if (= an if), if, 2376.
Anerly, only, 1476, 1696.
A.S. _ǽn-líc_.
{ Anoit, Anoyt, } annoyed, vexed, 351, 2244.
Anoyt, annoyeth, 1407.
Anterous, (for Aunterous, the shortened form of Aventurous),
adventurous, 2618.
Fr. _aventure_.
Aparalit, apparelled, 338.
Aperans, an appearance, a vision, 364.
_So also_ Apperans, 1284.
Apone, upon, 765, etc.
Appetit, desire, 2722.
Ch. has _appetite_ as a verb, to desire.
Aqwynt, acquainted, 1295.
Burns uses _acquent_.
Aras, to pluck out, 240.
Fr. _arracher_.
Araid, disordered, afflicted, 3270.
See _Araye_ in Halliwell. The examples there given shew that to
_araye_ sometimes actually signifies to _disorder_.
Arest, stop, delay, 678, 3072, 3308.
Fr. _arrêt_.
Arly, early, 4, 384, 975.
A.S. _árlíce_.
Artilȝery, implements of warfare, 2538.
See R. _artillerie_. Compare 1 Samuel, xx. 40.
Assay, (1) assault, trial, 11, 35, 112, 712;
attack, 537, 2662.
As a verb, to assault, attack, assail, 570, 1044.
Fr. _assaillir_.
(2) to essay, attempt, 2936;
to test, 478, 982.
Fr. _essaier_.
{ Assaid, Assayt, } assaulted, 1224, 2641.
Assall, assault, attack, 842.
We should perhaps read “assaill,” as in l. 855.
Assalȝeing, assail (_3 pers. plural_), 3385.
Assemblay, an assembling of knights for a combat, a tournament, 267.
Assemble, a hostile meeting, combat, battle, 978, 3336.
See J.
Assemblyng, encountering, 2588.
Assemblyng on, attacking, 2956.
Assey, to test, 478.
_See_ Assay.
Astart, to start away from; hence to escape from, avoid, 228, 3296.
Ch. has _asterte_.
At, that, 1019, etc.
Compare Dan. _at_; O.N. _at_.
Atour, at over, i.e. across, 841, 849, 873;
in excess, in addition, besides, 1775.
Ather, either, 2629, 2819, 3264.
A.S. _ǽgther_.
Atte, at the, 627, 1055.
Aucht, eight, 3263.
Compare Ger. _acht_.
Auentur, adventure, 601.
Auer, ever, 273, etc.
Auerding to, belonging to (?), 345.
The sense seems to point to the A.S. _and-weardian_, to be present,
Goth. _and-wairths_, present.
Aventur, Auentoure, adventure, 80, 222.
Aw, owe, deserve; the present tense of the verb of which _ought_
is the past tense; 3447.
A.S. _áh_, _áhte_.
Awalk, awake, 1049.
Goth. _wakan_. The form _awalk_ occurs in Dunbar,
“_Awalk_, luvaris, out of your slomering.”
(The Thistle and the Rose.)
Awant, boast, 2136.
As a verb, 1588;
and as a reflective verb, 2196, 2386.
Fr. _se vanter_. Ch. has _avante_.
Awin, own, 89.
A.S. _ágen_.
Awodith, maketh to depart, 2474.
See _Avoid_ in Nares’ Glossary, edited by Halliwell and Wright.
{ Awow, Awoue, } vow, 234, 242, 246.
Ch. has _avowe_.
Awys, consideration, advisement, 558.
Awyß the, advise thee, consider, 1913.
{ Awyß, Awyſing, } to consider, 424, 429.
Fr. _s’aviser_.
Awysment, advisement, consideration, 360, 680.
Ay, ever, continually, 1135, 1486.
A.S. _á_.
Ayar (_written instead of_ Athar), either, 2712.
Ayre, are, 2011.
{ Ayanis, 744, Aȝanis, 1164, 2283, } against.
A.S. _ongean_.
Aȝane, Aȝeine, again, 3253, 380.

Bachleris, bachelors; a name given to novices in arms or arts, 1689.
See _bacheler_ in R.
Banaris, banners, 770.
{ Bartes, 2897. Bartiis, 3041. } _See_ Bertes.
Barnag, baronage, nobility, 2492.
See _barniez_ in R.
Batell, a battalion, division of an army, 784, 808, etc.
Be, by.
A.S. _be_.
Behest, promise, 2766.
A.S. _behæs_.
Behufis, behoves, 579.
A.S. _behófan_, often used impersonally.
{ Behuß, Behwß, } it behoves, it is necessary (to do), 944, 2342;
apparently contracted from _behufis_.
Beleif, _in phr._ ore belief = beyond belief, 112.
Bent, a grassy plain (properly a coarse grass; in German, _binse_),
2670. J.
Bertes, a parapet, a tower, 1007, 1118, 2815.
R. _bretesche_, from Low Latin _brestachia_.
Betak til, to confer upon, 1724.
A.S. _be-tǽcan_, in the sense, to assign.
Betakyne, betoken, 2014.
A.S. _be-tǽcan_, in the sense, to shew.
Bewis, boughs, 338.
A.S. _boh_.
Billis, letters, 142.
Fr. _billet_.
Blindis, blindness (?), 1903.
Borde, to meet in a hostile manner, encounter, 809.
We find in R. _border_, to joust, fight with lances.
Compare Fr. _aborder_, and Spenser’s use of _bord_. See _horde_
in Burguy.
Bot, (1) but; (2) without. In general, _without_ is expressed by
_but_, and the conjunction by _bot_; but this distinction is
occasionally violated.
Bown, ready, prepared, 1036.
O.N. _búinn_, past part. of _búa_, to prepare. Su.-G. _boa_,
to prepare. J.
Bretis, fortifications, forts, 874; “properly wooden towers or
castles: _Bretachiæ_, castella lignea, quibus castra et oppida
muniebantur, Gallis _Bretesque_. Du Cange.” Jamieson.
See _Bertes_.
Bukis, books, 434, 1862.
Burdis, boards, i.e. tables, 2198.
A.S. _bórd_, which means--1. a plank; 2. a table, etc.
Bur, bore, 733, 778.
But, without; common in the phrase _but were_, without doubt.
But if, unless, except, 958.
{ Byhecht, Byhicht, } promised, 1485, 2791.
A.S. _be-hǽtan_.
Byknow, notorious for, known to be guilty of, 1627.
Compare “I _know_ nothing _by_ myself” (1 Cor. iv. 4). Compare
also Dan. _bekiende_, to make known.
By, near at hand, 1535, 2916.

{ Cag, Cage, } cage, prison, 997, 2770.
Can, an auxiliary verb, used nearly as we now use _did_.
Careldis, plural of Careld, a merry-making, revel (?), 1318.
“_Caraude_, réjouissance;” and “_Caroler_, danser, se divertir,
mener une vie joyeuse.” Roquefort.
Catifis, wretches, 2102.
R. _caitif, captif_. Compare Ital. _cattivo_.
Chalmer, chamber, 2281, 2308, 2427, 2808. J.
{ Chare, Cher, } chariot, 4, 735.
R. _cher_.
Charge, load, 693.
Fr. _charge_; see _discharge_ in the line following (694),
meaning to shake off a load.
Chargit, gave attention to, 710, 2454.
Fr. _se charger de_.
Chen, chain, 2375.
Cher, car, chariot, 735. See _Chare_.
Chere, cheer, demeanour, 83, 341, 695;
sad demeanour, outward grief, 2718.
Fr. _chère_; compare Ital. _ciera_, the face, look.
“_Wepinge_ was hyr mosté _chere_.”
(Le Morte Arthur, l. 726.)
Cheß, choose, 1611, 1636, 2368.
A.S. _ceósan_; Ger. _kiesen_; Dutch _kiezen_.
Clariouns, clarions, 771, 789.
Clepe, to call, 90, 99.
A.S. _clepan_.
Clepit, callest, 93;
called, 781.
Clepith, is called, 1919.
Clergy, science, knowledge, 504, 511, 2041.
R. _clergie_.
Closine, closed, concluded, 316.
Closith, enclosed, shut up, 427.
Cold, called, 753, 1579.
Commandit, commended, 2802.
Comprochit, approached, 2472, 2509.
Conpilour, compiler, poet, 319.
Conquest, conquered, 574;
Fyrst-conquest, first conquered, 1545, etc.
Conseruyt, preserved, 332.
Conten (used as a reflective verb), to demean oneself valorously,
to maintain one’s ground, 823, 1107, 1130.
See R. “_contenement_, contenance, conduite, maintien, posture.”
Contenit hyme, behaved himself, 3219;
Contenit them, 2634.
Contenyt, endured, 3190.
Contretioun, contrition, 1415, 1426.
Contynans, demeanour, 1693, 1747.
Counter, encounter, attack, charge, 3239.
Couth, could, 793.
A.S. _cunnan_; past tense, _ic cúðe_.
Cowardy, cowardice, 1023, 3287.
Cownterit, encountered, 2609, 2621. J.
Crownel, coronal, corolla of a flower, 59. J.
{ Cummyne, Comyne, } came, 807, 907.
{ Cumyne, 650, 1136, Cumyng, 447, Cummyng, 2498, } come (past part.).
Cunyng, knowledge, 1455.
{ Cusynace, 1270, Cusynece, 2802, Cusynes, 2287, Cwsynes, 1185, }
kinswoman.
Cwre, care, 98, 266, 643.
Lat. _cura_. (N.B. Though _Cwre_ = _cura_, yet _cura_ should be
distinguished from A.S. _cearu_.)

Danger, power to punish; “the power of a feudal lord over his
vassals,” (Wright), 444.
Also, power to injure, 3006.
See R. _dangier_.
Dans, (dance), in the phrase “wrechit dans,” evil mode of life, 1321.
See Chaucer’s use of _daunce_; and compare--
“I sai ȝow lely how thai lye
Dongen doun alle in a _daunce_.”
Lawrence Minot; quoted in Specimens of Early English, by
R. Morris; p. 194.
{ Dede, 90, Ded, 3304, } death.
Dan. _död_. A.S. _deáð_. O.N. _dauði_.
Deden, deign, 949. J.
Dedenyt, deigned, 240.
Deid, died, 215.
Deith, dead (past part.), 3160.
Delitable, delightful, 1738.
R. _delitable_.
Deliuer, nimble, clever, 3134.
Deliuerly, (cleverly), nimbly, lightly, 3089, 3131.
R. _delivre_.
Demande, demur, 191, 397, 3052, 3354.
See R. “_demander_, contremander, changer, revoquer l’ordre donné.”
Depart, to part, 3421.
R. _departir_.
Departit, parted, 3403.
Depaynt, painted, 46, 1703.
Fr. _dépeint_. Ch. _depeint_.
Depend me, waste or consume (my powers), 214;
possibly miswritten for _despend_.
Cf. _Dispendit_.
Depend to, to concern, appertain to, 466.
Deren, to speak out, tell, 2376.
R. _derainier_.
Dereyne, a plea, 2313;
“haith o dereyne ydoo,” hath appealed to trial by combat.
R. _derainier_.
Des, daïs, high table, 2762.
R. _deis_; Lat. _discus_.
Deuit, availed, 18. See note.
{ Devith, Dewith, } deafen, 92, 94.
“Su.-G. _deofwa_; Icel. _deyfa_,” J.
Compare Dan. _döve_. Burns has _deave_.
Dewod the, devoid thyself, 1022.
Deuoydit was = departed, 1031.
Compare _Awodith_.
Dewyß, to tell, narrate, 373.
Discharg, to put aside one’s liability, 163, 1665.
Diseß, lack of ease, misery, 707.
Disiont (Disioint?), disjointed, out of joint; hence uncertain,
hazardous, 2907.
“Disjoint, A difficult situation.” Halliwell.
Dispendit, spent, 1808.
R. _despendre_.
Dispens, expenditure, 1746.
Fr. _dépense_.
Dispolȝeith, despoileth, 1879.
Dispone, to dispose, provide; or, as a reflective verb, to be
disposed to do, to intend, 54, 446, 980, 1590, 2428, 2462.
Disponit, declines (?); but much more probably, intends; and we
must read “disponit not,” 2984.
Dout, fear, 2599, 3404, 3438;
(as a verb), to fear, 740, 1827.
Ch. _doute_. R. _doubtance_.
Drent, drowned, 1319.
A.S. _drencan_.
Dreß (as a reflective verb), to direct oneself, proceed, go, 1975,
2288, 2486.
Lat. _dirigere_.
Drywith, drives; “he drywith to the end,” i.e. concludes, 2470.
Duclar, declare, 3022.
Dulay, delay, 681, 788, 2925.

Effere, shew, pomp, 2360.
Compare _Affere_.
Efter, after, 217.
A.S. _efter_.
Eld, old age, 3225, 3242.
A.S. _yldo_. Gothic _alds_.
Elyk, Eliche, alike, 182, 2452.
Eme, uncle, 2572.
A.S. _eám_.
Empit, emptied, empty, 180.
A.S. _æmtian_.
Empleß, to please, 2455. J.
Empriß, worth, honour, 129, 269, 3458;
_cf._ Romans of Partenay, l. 2013.
Anxiety, oppression, 393.
R. _emprindre_.
Enarmyt, fully armed, 285, 751, 2499. J.
Endit, indited, 138;
indite, 206;
inditing, poem (?), 334.
If the meaning were, “this ends,” the form “endis” would be
required; besides which, the rime shews that the _i_ is long;
cf. ll. 138, 206.
Endlong, along, 2893.
A.S. _andlang_; Ger. _entlang_.
Entent, intention, will, meaning, thoughts, 448, 1451, 1499, 2938.
R. _entente_. Used by Chaucer.
Entermet, to intermeddle with, to have do with, 2914.
R. _entremetre_.
Enweronyt, environed, 53.
Erde, earth, 1072, 1540, 2601.
Compare Ger. _erde_.
Erdly, earthly, 498.
Erith, earth, 128.
A.S. _eorð_.
Eschef (1. eschew), to shun, withdraw himself, 3475.
R. _eschever_;
(2. achieve), to accomplish, 2212, 2513.
R. _eschavir_.
Eschef deith, to die, 2732.
Escheuit, achieved, 258.
Eschevit, is achieved, 2998.
{ Eß, 174, Eeß, 706, } ease.
Essenȝeis (ensigns), warcries, 3349, J.
See also R. _enseigne_.
Euerilkon, every one, 1039, etc.
Exasy, extasy, 76. (Possibly miswritten.)
Exortith, beseecheth, 3026.
Extend, attain, 3281.

Failȝeis, fail, (3 pers. plu. indicative), 1151.
Fairhed (fairhood), beauty, 577.
In A.S. _fægernes_, but in Dan. _förhed_.
Fall, to happen, befall, 493, 2139.
A.S. _feallan_; Dan. _falde_.
Fallyng, fallen, 1217, 1322.
Falowschip, used as we now use company, 1105, 2687, etc.
Falȝeing, failing, 1499.
Falȝet, Falȝheit, failed, 1460, 1469, 1498, 1503.
Farhed, beauty, 2440.
See _Fairhed_.
Fayndit (feigned), dissembled, 2397.
Fays, foes, 3006.
A.S. _fáh_.
Fechtand, fighting, 2691, 3127, 3407.
Ger. _fechten_.
Fechteris, fighters, 686.
Feill, knowledge, skill, 2854. J.
A.S. _félian_.
Fek (effect), sum, amount, result, drift, 2938.
Fr. _effet_.
Fell, to feel, 820, 2131.
Fellith, feeleth, 3368.
Fell, many; als fell, as many, 768.
A.S. _féala_; Gothic _filu_.
Fell, horrible, 260.
A.S. _fell_, cruel, fierce.
Ferde, fourth, 815, 973, 2285.
Compare Dan. _fierde_.
Ferleit, wondered, 3117.
A.S. _fǽr-líc_, sudden, fearful. Burns has _ferlie_.
Fet, fetched, 433, 1154.
A.S. _feccan_, past tense, _ic feahte_.
Fongith, catcheth, seizeth, 1922.
A.S. _fangan_; Goth. _fahan_.
Forfare, to fare amiss, to perish, 1348.
A.S. _for-faran_.
Forlorn, lost, 3305.
A.S. _forloren_; cf. Goth. _fra-liusan_.
For-quhy; see _For-why_.
{ For-thi, For-thy, } (there-fore), on that account, 332, 2261, 2731.
A.S. _forthý_; where _thý_ (Gothic _thê_) is the instrumental case
of _se_, that.
For-wrocht (for-wrought), over-worked, wearied out, 888.
A.S. _forwyrcan_.
{ For-why, 798, 925, 2209, For-quhy, 2171, 2342, 2290, } for the
reason that, because that.
Found, to advance, go, 2612. J.
A.S. _fundian_, to try to find, go forward.
Franchis, generosity, 230.
R. _franchise_.
Fremmytneß, strangeness, alienation, 1508.
A.S. _fremdnes_.
Froit, enjoyment, 1644;
fruit, 2088, 2109.
R. _fruit_.
Frome, from the time that, 17, 1432.
Goth. _frums_, a beginning.
Fruschit, broken, dashed in pieces, 1201.
R. _frois_, broken; from the verb _froier_.
{ Fundyne, 497, Fundyng, 465, } found (past part.).
Fyne, faithful, true, 519.
See R. “_fine_, fidéle;” and “_fine_, foi.”
Fyne, end, 1388, 2081.
Fr. _fin_.

Ganith, is suitable for, 991.
Icel. _gegna_. J. Compare Dan. _gavne_.
Ganyth, it; it profits; _used impersonally_, 121.
R. _gaagner_.
Gare, to cause, 910, 2416.
Dan. _giöre_; Icel. _göra_.
Gart, caused, 267, 2777.
Gentilleß, 917, 1847.
See _Gentrice_.
{ Gentrice, 130, 2757, Gentriß, 2790. } courtesy, nobleness.
R. _gentilesse_.
Gere, gear, equipment, armour, 2777.
A.S. _gearwa_.
Gert, 384.
See _Gart_.
Giffis, give thou, (lit. give _ye_, the plural being used in
addressing the king), 463.
A.S. _gifan_.
Gifyne, given, 1752.
Gilt, offended, done wrong, 699, 3015.
A.S. _gyltan_.
Grewhundis, greyhounds, 533, 537.
“O.N. _grey_, _grey-hundr_, a bitch.” Wedgwood.
Gowerne the, conduct thyself, 1598.
Grawis, groves, 2481.
Ch. _greves_.
Gyrß, grass, 10.
A.S. _gærs_.
Gyß, guise, fashion, custom, 545.
Ch. _gise_.

Haade, had, 2150.
Habariowne, habergeon, 2889.
From _haubergeon_, the French form of Ger. _halsberge_.
See _Hawbrek_.
Habirioune, habergeon, 3380.
Haill, whole, 3246.
A.S. _hæl_.
Haknay, an ambling horse for a lady, 1730.
R. _hacquenée_.
Half; _in the phrase_ on arthuris _half_, i.e. on Arthur’s _side_,
883.
Compare use of Germ. _halb_.
Halk, a hawk, 1736, 2482.
A.S. _hafoc_.
{ Hall, Hoil, Holl, Hail, } various spellings of Haill, whole.
Hals, neck, 1054.
A.S. _hals_. Goth. _hals_.
Hant, to exercise, practise, 2191.
Fr. _hanter_, lit. to frequent.
{ Hardement, 801, 2669, Hardyment, 900, 3362, } hardihood, boldness.
R. _hardement_.
Harrold, herald, 1047.
Hate, hot, 2552.
Havith, hath, 1940;
have, 3404.
{ Hawbrek, 1070, 1200, Hawbryk, 3112, } hauberk, neck-defence;
Ger. _hals-berge_, armour for the neck.
Hawnt, to use, 3418.
See _Hant_.
Hawntis, exercise, 2772.
He, high, 1969, 2552.
A.S. _háh_.
Hecht, hight, is called, 2140;
was called, 2290.
Hecht, to promise, 3101;
promised (_past part._), 1142.
A.S. _hátan_.
Hedis, heads, 538, 869.
{ Hewy, 442, Heuy, 459, } heavy.
A.S. _hefig_.
{ Hie, 550, Hye, 297, } high.
See _He_.
Hienes, highness, 126.
Ho, pause, stop, cessation, 2970.
According to J. radically the same with the verb _Houe_, or
_How_ (see _Houit_). The Dutch, however, use _hou_, hold! from
_houden_, to hold.
Holl, whole, 106, 745.
Hore, hair, 365.
“Holȝe were his yȝen and vnder campe hores.”
(Early English Alliterative Poems; _ed._ Morris. See Poem B.
l. 1695.) The meaning of the line quoted is, “Hollow were his
eyes, and under bent hairs.”
Hot, hight, was called, 754, 806;
is called, 1950.
A.S. _hátan_ (neuter).
Houit, delayed, tarried, halted, 996.
“W. _hofian, hofio_, to fluctuate, hover, suspend,” Morris.
Hovith, stays, halts, 2829.
Howit, halted, 2814, 2842.
Howyns, halts, tarries, 2821.
Probably miswritten for “howyng.”
Hufyng, halting, delaying, 1046.
Hundyre, a hundred, 756, 1554.

I, in, 332.
Dan. _i_; Icel. _í_.
Iclosit, y-closed; i.e. enclosed, shut in, 53.
If, to give, 554.
In lines 1718-1910 the word occurs repeatedly in several forms;
as _iffis_, _iffith_, giveth; _iffis_, give ye (put for give
thou); _ifyne_, given, etc.
Ifyne, to give, 3454.
Iftis, gifts, 1741.
In the line preceding we have _giftis_.
Ilk; the ilk (= thilk) that, 629, 1601.
Literally, the ilk = the same.
A.S. _ylc_. See 1367.
Ilk, each, 2211, etc.
A.S. _ælc_.
Illumynare, luminary, 3.
{ Incontinent, Incontynent, } immediately, 253, 1215, 2647, 2834.
Still used in French.
In-to-contynent (= Incontinent), 3020.
In to, used for “in;” _passim_.
Iornaye, journey, 680.
Irk, to become slothful, grow weary, tire, 2709.
A.S. _eargian_.
Iuperty, combat, 2547.
Fr. _jeu parti_, a thing left undecided;
hence the meanings, 1. strife, conflict; 2. jeopardy, as in Ch.
See J.; and Tyrwhitt’s note to C. T. 16211.
{ Iwond, 245, Iwondit, 226, } wounded.
We find in A.S. both _wúnd_ and _wúnded_.
I-wyß, certainly, of a surety, 1709, 1925, 1938.
A.S. _gewís_; Ger. _gewiss_. Often _wrongly_ interpreted to mean,
_I know_.
See _Wit_.

Kend, known, 548, 906.

Laif, the remainder (lit. what is _left_), 1802, 3472.
A.S. _láf_. Burns has “the _lave_.”
Lametable, lamentable, 3265.
The omission of the _n_ occurs again in l. 2718, where we have
_lemytable_.
Larges, liberality, 608, 1681, 1750.
Fr. _largesse_.
Larg, prodigal, profuse, 2434.
Lat, impediment, 958.
A.S. _lǽtan_, means (1) to suffer, (2) to hinder.
Lat, to let, permit (used as an auxiliary verb), 803.
Latith, preventeth, 1927.
Lawrare, a laurel, 82.
Ch. _laurer_.
Learis, liars, 493.
Led, put down, beat down, depressed, overpowered, 2663.
It is the past tense of A.S. _lecgan_, to lay, to cause to submit,
to kill.
Lef, to live, 564, 3230.
Leful, lawful, 1427.
Legis, lieges, subjects, 1957.
R. _lige_; Lat. _ligatus_.
Leich, leech, physician, 106.
A.S. _lǽce_; Dan. _læge_.
See 520, 2056.
Leif, to live, 952, 1392.
A.S. _lybban_; Goth. _liban_.
Leir, to learn, 1993.
Comp. D. _leeren_.
Lest, to list, to please, 555, 621.
A.S. _lystan_.
Lest, to last out against, sustain, 811.
A.S. _lǽstan_.
Lest, least, 1628.
Let, hindrance, 2495.
Leuch, laughed, 3240.
A.S. _hlihan_, past tense _ic hloh_.
Lewis, liveth, 1209.
Lewith, left, deserted, 1854.
Liging, 376.
The sense requires _lay_, i.e. the _3rd p. s. pt. t. indic._,
but properly the word is the present participle, _lying_.
Longith, belongeth, 738, 1921, 2429, 2778.
Compare Dan. _lange_, to reach.
Longith, belonged, 3242.
Longyne, belonging, 433.
Lorn, lost, 2092;
destroyed, 2740.
See _For-lorn_.
Loß, praise, 1777.
Lat. _laus_. Ch. has _losed_, praised.
{ Low, Lowe, } (1) law, 1602, 1628, 1636, etc.
(2) love, 29, 1620.
It is sometimes hard to say which is meant.
Compare Dan. _lov_, law; A.S. _luf_, love.
Luges, tents, 874, 881, 2500, 2680.
Fr. _loge_, _logis_; Ger. _laube_, a bower, from _laub_, foliage;
Gothic _laúf_, a leaf.
Lugyne, a lodging, tent, 891.
Lyt, a little, 1233.
At lyte, in little, used as an expletive, 143.

Ma, short form of Make, 953.
Maad, made, 697.
Magre of, in spite of, 500, 960, 2679, 2702, 2711.
Sometimes “magre” is found without “of.”
Fr. _mal gré_.
{ Matalent, Matelent, } displeasure, anger, 2169, 2660.
In both cases Mr Stevenson wrongly has _maltalent_. R. _maltalent,
mautalent_.
Mayne, 1026.
See _Men_.
Medyre, mediator (?), 1624.
I am not at all sure of this word, but we find in R. many strange
forms of “mediator,” such as _méener, méeisneres_, etc. In the
Supplement to the “Dictionnaire de l’Academie” we find
_mediaire_, qui occupe le milieu, from Low Lat. _mediarius_.
N.B. In the MS. the “d” is indistinct.
See _mediare_ in Ducange.
Meit, to dream, 363.
A.S. _mætan_.
Mekill, much, 876, 1236.
Mokil, 1265.
Melle, contest, battle, 2619.
Fr. _melée_, J.
Memoratyve, mindful, bearing in remembrance, 1430.
Fr. _mémoratif_.
Men, mean, way; “be ony men” = by any means, 2366;
so, too, “be ony mayne,” 1026.
Fr. _moyen_.
Men, to tell, declare, 510.
A.S. _mænan_.
Menye, a company, multitude (without special reference to number);
whence “a few menye,” a small company, 751.
Apparently from A.S. _menigu_; Ger. _menge_; but it may have
nothing to do with the modern word _many_, and is more probably
from the O.F. _maisnée_, a household.
Met, dreamt, 440.
See _Meit_.
Meyne, 41.
See _Men_.
Misgyit, misguided, 1663.
R. _guier_.
Mo, more, 3187, etc.
A.S. _má_.
Mon, man, 96.
Moneth, month, 569.
A.S. _mónáð_; Goth. _menoth_.
Morow, morning, 1, 30, 64, 341.
Goth. _maúrgins_.
Mot, must, 195.
A.S. _ic mót_.
Mys, a fault, 1888, 1937, 3230.
A.S. _mis_. Do o myß, to commit a fault, 1926.
Mysour, measure, 1830.
Myster, need, 1877, 2322.
Ch. _mistere_; R. _mester_; Lat. _ministerium_. Cf. Ital.
_mestiere_.

Nat, naught, 703.
Shortened from A.S. _ná wuht_, i.e. _no whit_.
Nece, nephew, 2200, 2245, 2720.
R. _niez_.
Nedlyngis, of necessity, 2337, J.
A.S. _neádinga_.
Nemmyt, considered, estimated, 649, 2852.
A.S. _nemnan_, to name, call.
Ner, near, 441.
Neulyngis, newly, again, 36, J.
A.S. _níwe-líce_ (?).
Newis, for Nevis, nieves, fists, 1222.
Icel. _hnefi_. Dan. _næve_. Burns has _nieve_; Shakspeare _neif_.
Noght, not, 1182.
Noiß, nose, 2714.
R. _néis_.
Nome, name, 226, 320, 1546, 3341.
Fr. _nomme_.
Nome, took, 591, 1048.
A.S. _niman_, past tense, _ic nám_.
Northest, north-east, 677.
Not (shortened from Ne wot), know not, 522, 3144.
A.S. _nát_, from _nitan_ = _ne witan_.
Not, naught, 720.
See _Nat_.
Noyith, annoyeth, 904.
Fr. _nuire_. Lat. _nocere_.
Noyt, annoyed, offended, 471.
{ Nys, Nyce, } (nice), foolish, 127, 1946.
Fr. _niais_.

O, a, an, _passim_; one, a single, 2998, 3003, 3393, etc.
Obeisand, obedient, 641.
Obeß, obey, 2134.
Oblist, obliged, 969.
Occupye, to use, employ, 3457;
to dwell, 75.
Lat. _occupare_.
Of, with, 66.
Oft-syß, oft-times, 2304, 2594, 2789, 2885, 2929.
See _Syß_.
On, and, 519.
Possibly a mistake.
One, on, often used for In; One to = unto.
{ Onan, Onone, Onon, } anon, 158, 1466, 2602, etc.
The form “onan,” l. 3086, suggests the derivation of _anon_; viz.
from A.S. _on-án_, in one; hence, forthwith, immediately.
Onys, once, at some time or other, 3013;
at onys, at once, 3187.
{ Opin, 1286, Opine, 13, } open.
Or, ere, before, 77, 1887, 2545.
A.S. _ǽr_.
Ordand, to set in array, 784;
to prepare, procure, 1713.
R. _ordener_; Lat. _ordinare_.
Ordan, to provide, 2416, 2777.
Ordynat, ordained, 490.
See l. 507.
Orest (= Arest), to arrest, stop, 3186.
Orient, east, 5.
Oucht, it; it is the duty of (= Lat. _debet_), 2995.
Strictly, we should here have had “it owes” (_debet_), not “it
ought” (_debuit_).
See _Aw_.
Ourfret, over-adorned, decked out, 71, 2480.
A.S. _frætwian_, to trim, adorn.
Out-throng (= Lat. _expressit_), expressed, uttered, 65.
A.S. _út_, out, and _þringan_, to press.
Owtrag, outrage, 3454.
R. _outrage_; Ital. _oltraggio_, from Lat. _ultra_.
The MS. has _outray_, probably owing to confusion with _affray_
in the same line.
We find “owtrag” in l. 2578.
Oyß, to use, 1701, J.

Paid, pleased; ill paid, displeased, 908.
Low Lat. _pagare_, to pay, satisfy.
Palȝonis, pavilions, tents, 734;
_plural of_
Palȝoune, a pavilion, a tent, 1305.
R. gives _pavillon_, a tent; cf. Low Lat. _papilio_, a tent.
Pan, pain, 1273.
Pas hyme, to pace, go, 362.
Paß, to go, 1213.
Pasing, pacing, departing, 371;
surpassing, 303, 346, 689, etc.
Pens, to think of, 1431.
Fr. _penser_.
Planly, at once, 3319.
J. gives “Playn, out of hand, like Fr. _de plain_.” In the same
line “of” = off.
Plant, plaint, complaint, 137.
Fr. _plainte_.
Plesance, Plesans, pleasure, 941, 1939.
Plessith, pleases, 68.
Possede, to possess, 578.
Fr. _posseder_.
Poware, a power, a strong band of men, 2647. We now say _force_.
Powert, poverty, 1330, 1744.
Pref, to prove, 2229, 3476.
Prekand, pricking, spurring, 3089.
See the very first l. of Spenser’s _Faerie Queene_.
Prekyne, 2890, showy(?), gaudy(?).
J. gives “Preek, to be spruce; to crest; as ‘A bit _preekin_
bodie,’ one attached to dress; _to prick_, to dress oneself.”
Compare D. _prijcken_.
Pretend, to attempt, aspire to, 3282, 3465.
Fr. _prétendre_. So, too, in lines 559, 583.
Pretendit, endeavour, attempt, 3442.
Process, narration, 316.
Wright gives “Proces, a story or relation, a process.” The writer
is referring to his prologue or introduction.
Promyt, to promise, 965.
Proponit, proposed, 361, 445.
Pupil, people, 285.
Puple, people, 1367, 1498, 1520.
{ Pur, 1648, Pure, 1697, Pwre, 1655, } poor.

Quh-. Words beginning thus begin in modern English with Wh. Thus,
Quhen = when, etc.
Quhilk (whilk), which, 184.
A.S. _hwylc_ = Lat. _qualis_ rather than _qui_.
Quhill, while, _used as a noun_, 1229, 1293.
A.S. _hwíl_, a period of time.
Quhill, until, 24, 198.
See _Whill_.
Quhy; the quhy = the why, the reason, 123, 1497.
Qwhelis, wheels, 736.
A.S. _hweol_.
Qwheyar, whether, 1187.
{ Quhois, Qwhois, } whose, 171, 1297.

Rachis, hounds, 531.
Su-G. _racka_, a bitch, which from the v. _racka_, to race,
course. Perhaps connected with _brach_.
Radur, fear, 1489, J.
From Su-G. _rædd_, fearful; Dan. _ræd_.
{ Raddour, 2133, Radour, 1835, 3465, } fear.
Raid, rode, 3070, 3260, etc.
Ralef, relieve, 3364.
Ramed, remedy, 117.
See _Remed_.
Randoune, in, 2542.
The corresponding line (l. 739) suggests that _in Randoune_ =
_al about_, i.e. in a circuit. But if we translate it by “in
haste,” or “in great force,” we keep nearer to the true
etymology. In Ogilvie’s Imperial Dictionary, _s.v._ Random,
we find the Nor. Fr. _randonnée_ explained to mean the “sweeping
circuit made by a wounded and frightened animal;” but the true
meaning of _randonnée_ is certainly _force, impetuosity_; see
R., Cotgrave, etc. In Danish, _rand_ is a surrounding edge or
margin; while in Dutch we find _rondom_ round about.
Raquer, require, 2409.
Raß, race, swift course, 3088.
A.S. _rǽs_. Compare Eng. _mill-race_, and D. _ras_.
Recidens, delay, 2359.
R. _residier_, to defer.
Recist, resist, 566, 660, 2578.
Recounterit, met (in a hostile manner), encountered, 2958.
Fr. _rencontrer_.
Record, witness, testimony; hence value, 388.
R. _record_.
Recorde, to speak of, mention;
hard recorde, heard say, 121, 595.
Recorde, speak out, 454, 481.
See R. _recorder_.
Recordith, is suitable, belongs, 606.
Recourse, to return, 1798.
Lat. _recurrere_.
Red, to advise, 1027, 1198.
A.S. _rǽdan_; Goth. _rêdan_.
Relewit (relieved), lifted up again, rescued, 2617.
Fr. _relever_. J.
{ Remede, 89, Remed, 718, } remedy.
Remuf, remove, 655.
Report, to narrate, 266;
to explain, 294;
to state, 320.
Reprefe, reproof, defeat, 764.
Reput, he reputed, i.e. thought, considered, 743.
Resauit, received, 2796.
Resawit, received, kept, 2106.
We should have expected to find “reseruit.”
Resonite, resounded, 66.
Resydens, delay, 670.
See _Recidens_.
{ Revare, 275, Rewar, 2893, Rewere, 2812, } river.
Reweyll, proud, haughty, 2853.
R. _revelé_, fier, hautain, orgueilleux. Compare Lat. _rebellare_.
Richwysneß, righteousness, 1406.
A.S. _rihtwísnes_.
{ Rigne, 94, 1527, Ring, 1468, Ringe, 1325, } a kingdom.
Fr. _régne_. Ch. _regne_.
Rignis, kingdoms, 1858.
Rignis, Rignith, reigneth, 1825, 782.
Ringne, a kingdom, 1952.
Rout, a company, a band, 812, 2956, 3403.
Rowt, 2600.
Rowmyth, roometh, i.e. makes void, empties, 3390.
A.S. _rúmian_.
Rown, run; _past part._ 2488, 2820.
Rwn, run, 2545.
Rygnis, kingdoms, 1904.
Ryne, to run, 113. See 2952.
Ryng, to reign, 1409, 2130.

Sa, so, 3322, 3406.
Dan. _saa_.
Saade, said, 698.
Salust, saluted, 546, 919, 1553, 2749.
Ch. _salewe_.
Salosing, salutation, 1309.
Sar, sorely, 1660.
Sauch, saw, 817, 1219, 1225.
A.S. _ic seáh_, from _seón_.
Schawin, shewn, 2387.
Schent, disgraced, ruined, 1880.
A.S. _scendan_; Dan. _skiænde_.
Schrewit, accursed, 1945.
Scilla, the name of a bird, also called Ciris, 2483.
----“plumis in avem mutata vocatur
Ciris, et a tonso est hoc nomen adepta capillo.”
--(Ovid, Met. viii. 150.)
Screwis, shrews, ill-natured persons, 1053.
More often used of males than females in old authors.
Sedulis, letters, 142.
R. _cedule_.
Sege, a seat, 2258.
Fr. _siége_.
Semble, a warlike assembly, hostile gathering, 988, 2206.
Semblit, assembled, 845.
G. _sammeln_; from Goth. _sama_, _samana_.
Semblyng, encountering, 2951.
See _Assemble_.
Sen, since, 709, 800, etc.
Sen at, since that. In Piers Plowman we find _syn_.
Septure, sceptre, 666.
Sere, several, various, 594, 731, 746.
“Su-G. _sær_, adv. denoting separation.” J. Cf. Lat. _se-_.
Sess, to cease, 14, etc.
Fr. _cesser_.
Set, although.
Sew, to follow up, seek, 2326.
R. _suir_; Fr. _suivre_.
Sew, to follow up, go, proceed, 3145.
Sewyt, 2614.
Shauyth, shewith, 412.
Sice, such, 2115.
Scotch, _sic_.
Snybbyth, snubs, checks, 3387.
Comp. D. _sneb_, a beak; _snebbig_, snappish.
Sobing, sobbing, moaning, 2658.
{ Socht, Soght, } sought to go; and hence, made his (or their) way,
proceeded, went, 2619, 3179, 3357, 3428.
Sought one, advanced upon, attacked, 3149, 3311.
Sought to, made his way to, 3130.
A.S. _sécan_, past tense _ic sóhte_, to seek, approach, go towards.
Sor, sorrow, anxiety, 74.
A.S. _sorh_; Goth. _saúrga_.
Sort, lot, fate, 26.
Fr. _sort_.
Sound, to be consonant with, 149.
See Gloss. to Tyrwhitt’s Chaucer.
Lat. _sonare_.
Soundith, 1811. “So the puple soundith,” so the opinion of the
people tends.
“As fer as _souneth_ into honestee.”
(Chaucer: _Monkes Prologue_.)
Soundith, tend, 1943;
tends, 149.
Sown, sound, 1035.
Fr. _son_.
Sownis, sounds, 772, 3436.
Spent, fastened, clasped, 2809.
A.S. _spannan_, to clasp, join. Comp. Dan. _spænde_, to stretch,
span, buckle together.
{ Spere, Spir, } sphere, 6, 170;
speris, spheres, circuits, 24.
Spere, to inquire, 1170.
A.S. _spirian_, to track. Cf. G. _spur_.
Sperithis, spear’s, 810.
Spill, to destroy, ruin, 1990.
A.S. _spillan_.
Spreit, spirit, 81, 364.
Stak, 226. J. gives “to the steeks, _completely_;” and this is the
sense here.
See Jamieson: s.v. “Steik.” Halliwell gives _stake_, to block up;
also _steck_, a stopping place (cf. Shakespeare’s
_sticking-place_, Macb. i. vii. l. 60). In the N. of France it
is said of one killed or severely wounded, _il a eu son
estoque_, he has had his belly-ful; from _estoquer_, to cram,
satiate, “stodge.”
Compare Ital. _stucco_, cloyed. It has also been suggested that
_to the stak_ may mean to the _stock_, i.e. up to the hilt,
very deeply.
Start, started up, leapt, 994, 1094.
Stede, stead, place, 218, 1124.
A.S. _stede_.
Steir, to stir, 817.
A.S. _stirian_.
Stekith, shuts, 1651.
Ger. _stecken_. Burns has _steek_.
Stek, shut, concluded, 316.
Stell, steel, 809.
Stell commonly means a stall, or fixed place; but the form
_stell_ for _steel_ occurs; e.g. “Brounstelle was heuy and
also kene.” _Arthur_, l. 97.
{ Sterapis, 3056, Steropis, 3132, } stirrups.
A.S. _stí-rap_ or _stíge-ráp_, from _stígan_, to mount, and
_ráp_, rope.
Stere, ruler, arbiter, 1020;
control, guidance, 1974.
Stere, to rule, control, 1344, 2884,
A.S. _stýran_.
Stere, to stir, move, go, 3430.
See _Steir_.
Sterith, stirreth, 2829.
Sterf, to die, 1028.
A.S. _steorfan_.
Sterit, governed, 612.
A.S. _stýran_.
Stert, started, 377.
Stok, the stake to which a baited bear is chained, 3386.
Stour, conflict, 1108, 2607, 3124.
R. _estour_.
Straucht, stretched out, 3090.
A.S. _streccan_, past part. _gestreht_.
Strekith, stretcheth, i.e. exciteth to his full stride, 3082.
{ Subiet, 1799, Subeitis, 1828, Subiettis, 1878, } subject;
subjects.
Sudandly, Sodandly, suddenly, 1009, 1876.
Suet, sweet, 331.
Suppris, (surprise), overwhelming power, 691, 860, 2651;
oppression, 1352.
Fr. _surprendre_, to catch unawares.
Supprisit, overwhelmed, 1237, 1282;
overpowered, 2705, 3208.
Supprisit ded, suddenly killed, 3125.
Surryȝenis, surgeons, 2726.
Suth, sooth, true, 110.
A.S. _sóð_.
Suthfastnes, truth, 1183.
A.S. _sóðfæstnes_.
Sutly, soothly, truly, 963.
Swelf, a gulf such as is in the centre of a whirlpool, a vortex,
1318, J.
A.S. _swelgan_, to swallow up.
Sweuen, a dream, 440.
A.S. _swefn_.
Swth, sooth, true, 2753.
See _Suth_.
{ Syne, 2026, Synne, 2029, } sin.
Syne, afterwards, next. J. 45, 794, etc.
Syß, times, 3054.
A.S. _sið_.